Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018山西重点中学协作体)
One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and darkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica,or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a“dwarf planet”(矮行星)in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaugh’s task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatory’s founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression’s dark encroachment (入侵).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.
1.Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?
A.Because it lost its major planet status.
B.Because it disappeared in the sky.
C.Because it was discovered by an American.
D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.
2.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.An American Scientist:Clyde Tombaugh B.Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy
C.Pluto’s Strange Romance D.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania
3.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.
B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.
C.Clyde Tombaugh’s job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.
D.Clyde Tombaugh’s telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.
4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system.
B.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system.
C.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.
D.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is more than a planet.
语篇解读:文章介绍了冥王星的传奇故事,介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义。
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”(矮行星) in 2006可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因为其地位下降了,从一个大行星变成了一颗矮行星。故选A。
2.C 文章标题题。根据文章的整体内容可推知,本文主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义,故“冥王星的传奇故事”适合作文章的标题。故选C。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses可推知,Clyde Tombaugh所使用的望远镜比较简单。故选D。
4.D 语义理解题。根据最后一段的第二句It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.和第三段中because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可推知,冥王星虽然不是太阳系边缘的行星,但是它的发现意义重大,比行星还重要。故选D。
B
(21世纪报第28期)
When I was 14,life felt dull and boring.
However,I didn’t mind looking at the same views every day.And even though the high school I go to has over a thousand students,I didn’t really care to notice the differences between us all.
But this dull view of mine shifted when my parents bought me a camera for Christmas.
Even though I didn’t know the first thing about photography,I dived headfirst into the medium.
It was after a month of playing with my new camera when I realized I had no talent for taking pictures.
Even though I got friends to pose in front of abandoned buildings and in flowery fields,nothing seemed to work.
My photos were clearly missing something of importance and lacked originality (创意).
After a while,I became so enraged(暴怒的) with my lack of artistic talent that I quit my new hobby.
Then,a month or two later,I suddenly decided to pick it up again.
During the summer break,I went for a walk on the railroad track behind my house.
The area is abandoned and the tracks are a warm red color;it’s a gorgeous(灿烂的) sight to see.
Before the walk,I thought,“Maybe I should bring my camera”,which at the time,hadn’t been touched for weeks.
Surprisingly,this walk on the tracks was what began my love for photography.
When I was walking on the train tracks without a model to photograph and only nature around me,I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.
I didn’t worry about trying to create something beautiful.Instead,I just captured photos of the beauty already around me.
I quickly became obsessed with texture,color,lighting,shape,shading and everything in between.
Later—after months of studying outdoor scenes,watching shadows and staring at people’s eyes—I was finally able to create beauty of my own.
Slowly,my photos became something I was proud of.
So far,my work has been published in two small magazines and featured in two different art galleries.
They’re not huge achievements,but they’re important to me.And they’re signs of how much my artistic abilities have grown:I went from zero artistic talent to being published.
Thanks to this Christmas gift from my parents,I now have a new way of looking at the world.
5.It can be inferred from the first four paragraphs that the author .?
A.was unsatisfied with his life in high school
B.didn’t get on well with his classmates at school
C.had been expecting a camera for a long time
D.found his life more fun with his new camera
6.The author gave up photography not long after he started it because he .?
A.realized that he had no interest in it
B.couldn’t get his friends to pose for him
C.was frustrated with his photographs
D.was too busy to continue his new hobby
7.What did the author recognize during his walk on the railroad tracks?
A.Beauty lies in the details of things all around us.
B.He liked taking photos of nature more than people.
C.He should be more confident in his photography.
D.He should never ignore the beautiful things around him.
8.What does photography mean to the author,according to the article?
A.It has made him more patient with himself.
B.It will allow him to become famous and wealthy.
C.It always reminds him to be grateful for his parents.
D.It has reshaped his way of viewing the world.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,记叙了作者用相机发现生活中的美。
答案及剖析:
5.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一句“When I was 14,life felt dull.”可知,作者在学校的生活很无聊。根据第三段第一句可知,父母送给作者的相机改变了这种生活。故选D。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“My photos were clearly missing something of importance...”可知,作者对自己的相片不满意。
7.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第八段中的“I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.”可知,美就在我们的身边,故选A。
8.D 主旨大意题。总结全文可知,相机使作者用一种新的方式去看待这个世界。
Ⅱ.语法填空(2018贵州遵义第四中学月考)
Leonardo da Vinci was an artist,scientist,and 1. (invent) during the Renaissance in Italy.The word “renaissance” 2. (come) from Latin and means “to be born again”.The renaissance was a time 3. Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.It 4. (last) from about the 1300s to the 1600s.5.
(bear) in 1452,da Vinci was one of the most famous men of this time.He is considered by many to be one of the 6. (talent) and intelligent people of all time.Have you heard of the term “renaissance man”? It means someone 7.
does many things very well.Originally,it 8. (use) to describe Leonardo da Vinci’s many talents.Da Vinci is 9. (probable) most well known as a painter.Two of his paintings,and perhaps two of the most famous in the world,are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman 10. a meaningful smile.The Last Supper is about the famous Christian story.?
答案及剖析:
1.inventor 考查名词。达·芬奇是文艺复兴时期意大利的一位艺术家、科学家和发明家。这里应该使用名词,所以填inventor。
2.comes 考查时态。由and means可判断出这里应该使用一般现在时,且The word “renaissance”是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数,填comes。
3.when Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.作定语,修饰a time,所以 Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.是一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作时间状语,所以填关系副词when。?
4.lasted 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以填lasted。
5.Born 考查非谓语动词。be born in出生于……,是固定用法,所以填Born。
6.most talented 考查最高级。他被许多人认为是最有天赋和聪明的人之一。表示“最……”,用最高级,所以填most talented。
7.who 考查定语从句。 does many things very well.作定语,修饰someone,所以 does many things very well.是一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,所以填who。?
8.was used 考查时态和语态。it和use之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,且表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,综上所述,用一般过去时的被动语态,填was used。
9.probably 考查副词。修饰整个句子,用副词,所以填probably。
10.with 考查介词。《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画中,一位女士带着神秘的微笑。表示“带着……”,用with。
Ⅲ.书面表达(2018山东桓台第二中学月考)
假定你是李华,端午节期间你的一个朋友Smith准备到你所在的城市来旅游,但你有事不能接机,写封信给他。
内容包括以下要点:
1.解释你不能接机的原因;
2.说明端午节期间的安排。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
One possible version:
Dear Smith,
I am more than delighted to hear that you are to pay a visit to my city during the Dragon Boat Festival.However,it’s a pity that I won’t make it to pick you up at the airport,owing to the fact that I have to take an important exam then.
However,there is no need to worry about that.I have arranged for my sister to meet you and keep you company.You are sure to enjoy yourself during your stay here since colorful activities are to be held everywhere.Along with tasty Zongzi,the Dragon Boat Races are a must in the celebration.It can be breathtaking to watch the traditional race.
Looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
PAGE
7
(共12张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.Once he has made up his mind,nothing can (阻
止他做)so.?
2.I don’t like to argue with you any more. (最终),
you will know that you are in the wrong.?
3.The secret to success (在于) hard work.?
答案:1.prevent him from doing 2.In time 3.exists in
4.The band (解散) last year.?
5.I hope that you’ll (振作起来).?
答案:4.broke up 5.cheer up
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
The earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”. Then the dust settled into a solid globe which was 1. (violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were 2. time to produce the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface, which allowed the earth to dissolve 3. (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later,small plants appeared. They 4. (multiply) and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen,which encouraged the later 5. (develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Then land animals spread all over the earth. Some were insects.Others,6. (call) amphibians,were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying 7. (egg).Then mammals appeared and 8. (exist) on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past,because they gave birth 9.
young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. Finally humans become the most important animals on the planet. But they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from 10. (escape) from the earth into space. As a result of this,many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.?
答案:1.violent 2.in 3.harmful 4.multiplied 5.development 6.called 7.eggs 8.existed 9.to 10.escaping
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The new rules make possible for people here to have a
peaceful environment.?
2.I was unware of his (exist) until today.?
3.If we know that gossip can be (harm),then why do so many
of us do it?(2016浙江,阅读理解A)?
4.People have long (puzzle) over how the Egyptians moved
such huge rocks.?
答案:1.it 2.existence 3.harmful 4.puzzled
5.Her friends came to help her when the war (break) out.
(2017浙江,完形填空)?
6.Water is (fundamental) important to the development of
life.?
7.Many people were killed in the (violence) incident.?
8.The dinosaurs produced young by (lay) eggs.?
9.Four (multiply) by seven is twenty eight.?
10.We should take steps (prevent) war.?
答案:5.broke 6.fundamentally 7.violent 8.laying 9.multiplied 10.to prevent
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.There exist a useful way to solve the problem.
2.Light pollution does harm for the eyesight of animals.
3.I lay my book aside,turned off the light and went to sleep.
4.The boy looked at me with a puzzling expression,which showed he
still couldn’t understand my words.
5.Sure,I could have asked her,but something prevented me from do so.
(2017天津,阅读理解B)
答案:1.将exist改为exists 2.将for改为to 3.将lay改为laid 4.将puzzling改为puzzled 5.将do改为doing
6.He is so poor that what he needs most are money.
7.If using properly,it will do much good to you.
8.Since the house price in the city may be as highly as we can’t
imagine,I suggest we rent an apartment to live in.
9.Whether their flight will arrive on time is what they are
concerned about it.
10.That makes his life quite different that he has received higher
education abroad.
答案:6.将are改为is 7.将using改为used 8.将highly改为high 9.去掉it 10.将第一个That改为It
微写作
1.地球是火星的六倍大。
?
?
2.我们能否登陆火星取决于科学技术的发展。
?
?
答案:1.The earth is six times the size of Mars.
2.Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
3.There is almost no oxygen on Mars and this makes it impossible for life to exist.
4.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night,which prevents us from living there.
3.火星上几乎没有氧气,这使生命不可能存在。
?
4.中午的温度可能在零上50度左右,而晚上则在零下100度左右。这使得我们无
法在那里生活。
?
?
答案:5.Now that Mars is quite different from our earth,if we are to go to Mars one day,we should have to take along our own oxygen, food,clothing and shelter.
5.既然火星与我们的地球完全不同,如果我们计划有朝一日去火星的话,我们就
要带上氧气、食物、衣服和住所。
?
?
(共25张PPT)
Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vi.存在;生存
n.生存;存在
2. n.谜;难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑
adj.令人迷惑的
adj.感到迷惑的
3. n.天文学
n.天文学家
4. n.学说;理论
adj.理论上的
adv.理论上地
exist
existence
puzzle
puzzling
puzzled
astronomy
astronomer
theory
theoretical
theoretically
单
词
拓
展
5. n.球体;地球仪
adj.全球性的
6. adj.猛烈的
adv.猛烈地
n.猛烈;暴力
7. adj.基础的
adv.基本地
n.(pl.)基本原理
8. adj.温和的;文雅的
adv.温柔地
n.绅士
globe
global
violent
violently
violence
fundamental
fundamentally
fundamentals
gentle
gently
gentleman
单
词
拓
展
9. n.系统;制度
10. n.气候
11. vi.& vt.乘;增加
12.atmosphere n._______________
13.float vi.& vt. n.____________
14.crash vi.& vt.______________
system
climate
multiply
大气层;气氛
(使)漂浮
漂浮物
碰撞;坠落
单
词
拓
展
1. time 及时;终于
2.prevent... 阻止;制止
3.block 挡住(光线)
4. that 既然
5.break 突发;爆发
6.cheer 感到高兴
7. one’s turn 轮到某人
8. eggs 下蛋
9.give 产生;分娩
10.watch 当心;提防
in
from
out
now
out
up
in
lay
birth
to
out
for
短
语
记
忆
1.The earth became so violent that it was not clear _________
the shape would last .
地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。
2.This produced a chain reaction,which .
for life to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。
3.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried
on the earth and fell over.
而当我试图向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是
在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
whether
or
not
made
it
possible
twice
as
far
as
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.exist vi.存在;生存
①exist on靠……为生
②exist in存在于……之中
③There exist...有……;存在……
④come into existence产生;成立;开始存在
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①They cannot exist such a small income.?
②No one knows how this world came into (exist).?
答案:①on ②existence
特别提示:exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。
2.in time及时;终于;总有一天
①on time准时;按时
②in no time立即;马上
③at a time一次;每次
④at one time曾经;一度
⑤at times有时
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
①I’m just so glad I was there (及时) to help my son.
(2018全国Ⅱ,完形填空)?
②The company fired him for not coming to work (按时).
③He can eat 5 pancakes (每次).?
答案:①in time ②on time ③at a time
3.prevent...from...阻止……;制止……
①stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事
②keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
③protect sb.from...保护某人不受……侵袭
④keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will
prevent them (turn) brown.(2018全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B)?
②Wear more clothes to protect yourself the cold.?
答案:①turning ②from
特别提示:prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.中的from可以省略,而keep sb.from doing sth.中的from不能省略。
4.now (that) 既然
now that相当于since,是连词词组,用来引导原因状语从句,口语中经常省略
that,只用now,这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义。
其他引导原因状语从句的连词:
because 因为;since 既然,因为;as由于
归纳拓展
高考运用:翻译句子
①既然我恢复了健康,我就可以继续工作了。
__________________________________________________________
②既然你已经长大了,你可以自己做决定了。
__________________________________________________________
答案:①Now that I am well again,I can go on with my work. ②Now that you’ve grown up,you can make up your mind by yourself.
5.break out(战争、火灾等)突发;爆发
①break away (from sb./sth.)脱离(政党等);打破(陈
套等)
②break down出故障,抛锚;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)
垮掉;打倒,砸破;(化合物等)分解
③break up 打碎;解散;结束
④break into 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
①When did the First World War (爆发)??
②My car (出故障) on the way,so I was late for work.
③Last night a thief (强行进入) my house.?
答案:①break out ②broke down ③broke into
6.cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋
①cheer sb.up使某人高兴/振奋
②cheer...on 为……加油
③cheer for...为……欢呼
④Cheers! 干杯!
归纳拓展
高考运用:翻译句子
①听到他被清华大学录取的时候,我们欢呼起来。
__________________________________________________________
②他们的工作是鼓舞参赛者。
__________________________________________________________
答案:①We all cheered up at the news that he was admitted into Qinghua University. ②Their job was to cheer on the competitors.
巧学助记
7.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life
to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。
①句中使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。即:
make+宾语+宾语补足语
②当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式
宾语,而把不定式短语或从句后置,即make+it+宾语补足
语+不定式短语或从句。
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①Mastering the technology makes it possible for us (use)
the Internet more effectively.?
②She tried to make herself (understand) while giving her
speech.?
答案:①to use ②understood
8.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as
far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试图向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地
球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
倍数的表达方式:
①“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、
高、宽等)多少倍”。
②“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多
少倍”。
③“A+倍数+the size/height/length/width,etc.+of+B”,表示
“A是B大(高、长、宽等)的多少倍”。
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①The bridge is three times (long) than that one.?
②This room is twice the size that one.?
③This street is three times the (long) of that one.?
答案:①longer ②of ③length
