Unit 4 Global warming
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Soon enough,we will lose some of the most amazing sites on Earth!
The Great Barrier Reef—Rising air temperatures will cause sea temperatures to rise as well.All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem.Corals are some of the most vulnerable (易受伤害的) marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear.The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exception and will continue to shrink as the temperatures rise! These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving,but they will soon disappear!
Venice—Sprawling across(横跨)hundreds of small islands in Northeast Italy,Venice is at extreme risk of sinking into the Adriatic Sea.Rising sea levels are in fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level.Lucky for us,however,Venice is developing a series of sea walls to protect the city in times of high tide.
Glacier(冰川)National Park—Glacier National Park was once covered by over 150 glaciers,but by 2005 it only had about 27! Located in Montana,Canada,this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population.As temperatures rise,the glaciers and ice melt,which will upset the ecosystems sustaining over a thousand plant species and hundreds of animals.
The Amazon—The cause behind the disappearance of these fantastic places ultimately comes down to humans.Our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land,fuel and materials,but rarely considers the consequences.These forests are sources of food and medicine for just about everyone on the planet!
What will happen if we lose these valuable places and beautiful destinations?!
1.According to the text,what is causing corals’ death?
A.Rising sea levels. B.Humans’ diving activities.
C.Rising sea temperatures. D.The shrinkage(缩小)of their habitats.
2.What can we infer from the part of “Venice”?
A.Venice is the only coastal city of Italy.
B.Many places are in the risk of sinking below sea level.
C.Venice will never sink because of the protection of sea walls.
D.Italy consists of hundreds of small islands in the Adriatic Sea.
3.What can we learn about Glacier National Park from the text?
A.It covers a large area in Montana.
B.It is covered by over 150 glaciers.
C.Plant species and animals in it have died out.
D.It doesn’t support any living thing for its cold.
4.Which site’s shrinking reason differs from the other sites?
A.The Great Barrier Reef. B.Venice.
C.Glacier National Park. D.The Amazon.
语篇解读:这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了因为气候变暖或者人类活动正在消失的几个景点。
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Rising air temperatures will cause sea temperatures to rise as well.All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem.Corals are some of the most vulnerable marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear”可知,气候变暖导致海水温度上升。靠海洋生存的所有生态系统都受到影响。珊瑚虫是最脆弱的海洋动物之一。由此可知,海水温度上升导致了珊瑚虫的死亡。
2.B 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Rising sea levels are in fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level”可知,上升的海平面对于很多海边城市构成了严重威胁,因此很多城市有被海水淹没的危险。故B选项正确。
3.A 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Located in Montana,Canada,this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population”可知,Glacier National Park位于Montana,占地一百多万英亩。结合选项可知,A选项正确。
4.D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“The cause behind the disappearance of these fantastic places ultimately comes down to humans.Our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land,fuel and materials”可知,the Amazon缩小的原因是人类。人类为了获得土地、燃料和材料砍倒了树林。而结合上文的介绍,其他三个景点正在消失的原因是气候变暖。由此可知,the Amazon缩小的原因和其他几个地方不一样。故D选项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
Some people just know how to start a conversation with anyone,in any place.If you’re not one of these lucky types,don’t worry.1. ?
Remark on the surroundings or occasions.If you’re at a party,for example,you could comment on the food or the music in a positive way like this:“I love this song.”or“The food is great.”
2. For example,“How is the wine?”or“Who do you know here?”Most people enjoy talking about themselves so asking a question is a good way to get a conversation started.?
3. For example,“I really like your purse.Can I ask where you got it?”or“You’re really doing well in this.Can you show me how to do it?”?
Remark on anything you have in common.People would like your saying “My daughter went to that school,too.How does your son like it?”
4. Don’t say something that obviously causes offence and avoid heavy subjects such as politics or religion.Stick to light subjects like the weather,surroundings,and anything you have in common such as movies or sports teams.?
Listen effectively.5. You can’t concentrate on what someone’s saying if you’re thinking about what you’re going to say next.The key to effective communication is to focus fully on the speaker and show interest in what’s being said.Nod occasionally,smile at the person,and encourage the speaker to continue with “yes”or“uh-huh”.?
A.Choose subjects you’re interested in.
B.Use a praise to create a good atmosphere.
C.Keep the conversation going with small talk.
D.It is not the same as waiting for your turn to talk.
E.Ask specific questions that are related to the drinks.
F.Ask a question that requires more than just a yes or no answer.
G.Here are some ways to have a conversation with someone new.
答案:1-5 GFBCD
Ⅲ.完形填空
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“ 1 my job.Family to Feed.”?
At this store,a 2 like this is not normal.My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 3 on how bad it must be to have to stand 4 in the cold wind.?
In the store,I asked each of my kids to 5 something they thought our “friend” there would 6 .They got apples,a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 7 .I thought about it.We were 8 on cash ourselves,but...well,sometimes 9 from our need instead of our abundance is 10 what we need to do! All the kids 11 something they could do away with for the week.?
When we handed him the bag of 12 ,he lit up and thanked us with 13 eyes.When I handed him the gift card,saying he could use it for 14 his family might need,he burst into tears.?
This has been a wonderful 15 for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can 16 !Things would have played out so 17 if I had simply said,“No,we really don’t have 18 to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in 19 ,it also gave my kids the 20 taste of helping others.It’ll go a long way with them.?
1.A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished
2.A condition B.place C.sight D.show
3.A.suggestion B.comment C.decision D.call
4.A.outside B.proudly C.by D.angrily
5.A.draw B.say C.arrange D.pick
6.A.order B.supply C.appreciate D.discover
7.A.dollar B.job C.hot meal D.gift card
8.A.easy B.low C.soft D.loose
9.A.giving B.saving C.spending D.begging
10.A.yet B.even C.still D.just
11.A.declared B.shared C.ignored D.expected
12.A.toys B.medicine C.food D.clothes
13.A.sleepy B.watery C.curious D.sharp
14.A.whoever B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
15.A.experience B.example C.message D.adventure
16.A.rely on B.respect C.learn from D.help
17.A.suddenly B.vividly C.differently D.perfectly
18.A.time B.power C.patience D.money
19.A.fear B.love C.need D.memory
20.A.strong B.sweet C.strange D.simple
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者周末带着几个孩子去超市购物,在去的路上,他们遇到一个乞讨者,这个乞讨者失去了工作,但还有一家人要养活。孩子们一起行动起来,共同帮助这位乞讨者。
答案及剖析:
1.A 根据后句 Family to Feed.及下文可知,他丢掉了工作,处于失业状态,需要外界帮助来养家糊口,因此选择lost。change改变;quit停止;finish完成。
2.C 根据句意可知,在这个商店里,像这样的情景(sight)是不正常的,所以我十岁的孩子注意到了他。condition条件,place地方,show表演,均不符合题意。
3.B 根据后面how bad it must be...可知,这个十岁的孩子是对这个人的行为作出了评论(comment)。make a comment on对……作出评论,符合语境。make a suggestion 提建议;make a decision作决定;make a call打电话。
4.A 由in the cold wind可推测这个乞讨者应是站在外面(stand outside)。
5.D 根据下文When we handed him the bag of...(当我们递给他一包……时)可知,此处说的是我要求每个孩子挑选出(pick)一样东西送给他。 draw画,say说,arrange安排,均不符合语境。
6.C 根据语境可知,孩子们挑选出那边的那位“朋友”会喜欢(欣赏/感激)的礼物,所以选C项(appreciate)。order订购;supply提供;discover发现。
7.D 根据14题前面的gift card(礼品卡)可知,这里选择D项(gift card),做题时要注意后文的提示。此题属于原词复现。
8.B 根据上句的意思“我(对送其礼品卡这件事情)考虑了一下”可知,作者考虑到了他们碰到的不太好的情况“我们本身带的现金不足(low on cash,即手头拮据)”。此处low意为“少,低”,符合原文语境。easy容易的;soft柔软的;loose松的。
9.A 根据7空前的giving以及此处语境可知,此处表达“把我们需要的,而不是富足的东西给别人,这正是我们需要做的”,所以选择giving。save节省,spend花费,beg乞求,均与语境不符。
10.D 用“just(正是,恰是)”能够体现出作者此处的情感,即:突出强调“就是需要这样做”。yet还;even甚至;still仍然。
11.A 根据文章内容可知,孩子们都给那个人选了礼物,所以他们宣布(declare)这周他们放弃某些东西。they could do away with for the week是定语从句,修饰something,do away with为固定搭配,意为“摆脱,舍弃”。
12.C 结合上文They got apples,a sandwich and a bottle of juice.可知孩子们给那个人的是食物(food)。
13.B 根据后文的he burst into tears可知,看到食物,那个人眼睛湿润(watery)了。sleepy困乏的;curious好奇的;sharp敏捷的。
14.B 此处表达“用于买他的家庭可能需要的任何东西”,故whatever符合语境。注意本句是介词的宾语从句,从句缺少宾语。
15.A 根据全文叙述的这件事情的经过以及后文的it also gave my kids the 20 taste of helping others可知,这件事对作者一家来说也是一次不错的经历(experience)。example榜样;message信息;adventure冒险。?
16.D 由于孩子们从帮助别人的经历中得到了快乐,所以几天来他们一直在寻找可以帮助(help)的人。rely on依赖;respect尊重;learn from向……学习。
17.C 根据语境可知,如果作者当时没有帮助那个乞讨者,结果会是完全不同的,所以选择differently。suddenly突然;vividly生动地;perfectly完美地。
18.D 这里是作者的一种假设,如果当时作者说他们没有钱(money)提供更多的帮助,那么现在会是另外一种局面。time时间;power权力,能力;patience耐心。
19.C 根据本文叙述的事件可知,作者帮助了需要帮助的(in need)人。 in need 意为“需要帮助的”。
20.B 根据句意和前文的叙述可知,帮助别人给孩子们带来了快乐甜蜜的滋味,所以选择sweet,而且该词与后面的taste搭配体现了这篇文章的中心思想——帮助别人,快乐自己。strong强壮的; strange奇怪的;simple简单的。
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6
(共13张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1. (毫无疑问) the trip along the
Yangtze River will be a better choice.?
2.Stress and tiredness often (导致) a lack of
concentration.?
3.They had (忍受) behaviour from their son
which they would not have tolerated from anyone else.?
答案:1.There is no doubt that 2.result in 3.put up with
4. (代表) the entire company,I would like
to thank you for all your work.?
5. (即使) you take a taxi,you’ll still miss your
train.?
答案:4.On behalf of 5.Even if
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
1. (compare) to other natural changes,the temperature of the earth is rising rapidly.So how has this come about and does it matter? All scientists subscribe 2. the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil 3. (fuel) like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases,the most important one of 4. is carbon dioxide.When huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide 5. (add) into the atmosphere,more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature 6. (go)up.?
答案:1.Compared 2.to 3.fuels 4.which 5.are added 6.to go 7.It 8.has resulted 9.opposed 10.warming
7. was a scientist called Charles Keeling who found that the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million from 1957 to 1997.All scientists accept this data and agree that it is carbon dioxide that 8. (result) in the rise of the temperature.Some think that the rise of the temperature would be a catastrophe while others are 9. (oppose) to this view.On the whole,greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,the climate is going to keep on 10. (warm) for decades or centuries.?
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The film company they started is still in (exist) today.?
2.They are now developing ways to produce the drug in large
(quantity) and cheaply.?
3.In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from (pollute),we must do something to protect them.?
答案:1.existence 2.quantities 3.being polluted
4.There is no doubt he will pass the exam because he has studied hard recently.?
5.They are opposed to (build) a large factory near their
town.?
6.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature
0.68 ℃ the average.?
7.For the convenience of the (consume),we have decided to
offer the service from now on.?
答案:4.that 5.building 6.above 7.consumers
8. (compare) with the size of the whole earth,the biggest
ocean doesn’t seem big at all.?
9.My main reason for subscribing New Scientist is to keep
the pace of advances in science.?
10.I thank you for your timely help behalf of my husband
and myself.?
答案:8.Compared 9.to 10.on
答案:1.将steady改为steadily 2.subscribed 后加to 3.将grow改为growth 4.将Opposing改为Opposed 5.将which改为that
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.(2016全国Ⅰ,短文改错)
2.I have never subscribed the view that school days are the happiest days of
your life.
3.As we all know,games play a very important role in the grow of children.
4.Opposing to the plan of raising prices,the public decided to go on strike
on Sunday.
5.But like so many other things,it is only too much stress which does you
harm.(2016上海,语法填空)
6.Large quantities of air conditioners has been sold since the
temperature is high.
7.The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air
polluted.
8.You have made a few mistakes,but as the whole you have done well.
9.A number of new machines were introduced from abroad,resulted in
an increase in production.
10.I felt so refreshing after that cup of coffee.
答案:6.将has改为have 7.polluted前加being或将polluted改为pollution 8.将as改为on 9.将resulted改为resulting 10.将refreshing改为refreshed
微写作
1.随着工业的发展,产生了越来越多的温室气体,地球正在变暖。
?
2.有些科学家同意全球变暖是个灾难。
?
答案:1.With the development of industry,more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer.
2.Some scientists subscribe to the view that global warming will be a catastrophe.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
3.不断增长的温度可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥荒。
?
?
4.全球变暖已经对人类和动物构成严峻的挑战,因此,到了我们采取措施应对这
一挑战的时候了。
?
答案:3.The steady going up of the temperature may result in floods,droughts and famines.
4.Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals,so it is high time that we took measures to deal with it.
5.只有通过改变我们对待环境的粗暴方式,我们才能和环境和谐相处。
?
?
答案:5.Only by changing the rough way we treat the environment can we get along well with it.
(共28张PPT)
Unit 4 Global warming
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. n.量;数量
2. vt.反对;与(某人)较量
adj.反对的;对立的
adj.相反的
prep.在……对面
3. vt.陈述;说明
n.陈述,说明
4. vt.拥护;提倡;主张
quantity
oppose
opposed
opposite
state
statement
advocate
单
词
拓
展
5. n.结果;后果;影响
adj.随之发生的
adv.所以,因此
6. vi.趋向;照顾 vt.护理
n.倾向;趋势
7. vt.消费;消耗
n.消费;消耗
n.消费者
8. n.污染;弄脏
vt.污染;弄脏
consequence
consequent
consequently
tend
tendency
consume
consumption
consumer
pollution
pollute
单
词
拓
展
9. adj.平稳的;持续的
adv.平稳地;持续地
10. adj.胡乱的;任意的
adv.胡乱地,任意地
11. n.生存;存在
vi.存在
12. n.教育工作者
vt.教育
n.教育
13. n.贡献
vt.做贡献
n.贡献者
steady
steadily
random
randomly
existence
exist
educator
educate
education
contribution
contribute
contributor
单
词
拓
展
14. n.种类;范围
15. adj.平均的
n.平均数 v.平均(是)
16. n. 环境;情况
17. vi.看一下;扫视 n.一瞥
18. vi.同意;捐赠
vt.(签署)文件;捐助
19.phenomenon n. .
20.byproduct n. .
21.catastrophe n. .
22.nuclear adj. .
range
average
circumstance
glance
subscribe
现象
副产品
大灾难;浩劫
核的;核能的;原子核的
单
词
拓
展
1.come 发生;造成
2.result 导致
3.put up 忍受;容忍
4. long 只要
5.subscribe 同意;赞成;订购
6.quantities 大量的
7.go 上升;增长;升起
8.be opposed 反对……
9.even 即使
10.keep 继续
11. the whole 大体上;基本上
12. behalf 代表……一方
about
in
with
so
as
to
of
up
to
if
on
on
on
of
短
语
记
忆
1. the earth is
becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that human
activity has caused this global warming rather
than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问,地球正在变暖(见表1),而且全球转暖是人为的,而不是随
意的自然现象。
2.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on .
you are using it—if not,turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以让它开着——如果不用就把它关掉!
There
is
no
doubt
that
it
is
that
so
long
as
句
型
整
理
3.That probably does not seem much to you or me,but it is a
rapid increase other natural changes.
那个数值对你我来说可能是无所谓的,但是跟其他自然变化相比较而
言,这却是一种快速的增长。
when
compared
to
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.quantity n.量;数量
①a large/small quantity of 大/少量的
②(large/huge) quantities of 许多,大量的
③in quantity/quantities=in large amounts 大量地
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
①Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans
need—the rainforests,for example,store carbon vast
quantities.?
②There is no doubt that human activities result in the loss of
large quantities forests.?
答案:①in ②of
2.oppose vt.反对;反抗
①be opposed to 反对……
②oppose sth./doing sth.反对某事/做某事
③object to 反对……
归纳拓展
高考运用:语法填空
答案:①opposed ②feeding ③going
①Many farmers (oppose) the plan because they feared that
wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)
②I have been consistently opposed to (feed) a baby regularly.
③The parents strongly opposed their daughter (go) there
alone.
特别提示:oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时,后面要用动词-ing形式。be opposed to和object to结构中,to都是介词,其后也要用动词的-ing形式。
The students are strongly opposed to smoking in public.
=The students strongly object to smoking in public.
3.state vt.陈述,说明
n.状况,状态;国家;政府;州
①It is/was stated that...据称……
②in a...state/in a state of 处于……状态
③in a good/bad state状况良好/不好
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①It is often stated that ②in a good state of
① (据称) we use only 10 per cent
of our brain.?
②It is important to keep you (状况
良好) mind.?
特别提示:①state表示“状态,状况,情况”时常用单数,常指人或事物存在的情况,或在某一阶段的性质与形式。
②state表示“国家”时,侧重政体,即政治独立的国家,可指其政府,也可指国家的一部分“州,邦”。
4.range n.山脉;一系列;范围,射程
vt.排列;在某范围内变化
巧学助记
①a wide range of...各种各样的……;范围广泛的
②in/within range 在射程以内,在视觉/听觉范围内
③beyond/out of range 在射程外,在视觉/听觉范围外
④beyond/out of one’s range 某人能力达不到的,某人知
识以外的
⑤range from...to... 在……范围内变动,包括由……
到……之间的各类事物
⑥range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①a wide range of ②beyond our range ③ranging from;to
①But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to
change the patterns can create (范围
广泛的) career possibilities.(2018江苏卷)?
②The price of the house is well (超出我们
的承受范围).?
③The national park has a large collection of wildlife,
butterflies (由……到……) elephants.
(2017北京卷)?
5.average n.平均数
adj.平均的;普通的
v.平均为,算出……的平均数
①an average of...……的平均数(后跟数词)
②on average 平均来看
③above/below average 在平均水平以上/下
④up to (the) average 达到平均水平
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①average ②on average
①The (平均的) number of electronic devices rose from four
per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.(2018全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D)?
②The common cold is a good example:women, (平均来
看),get fewer colds than men.(2016四川,七选五)?
6.come about 发生,造成
①come out 出来,出现;(芽)生出来;(花)开;出版,发行;
推出
②come on 跟着来,跟上来;[口]得啦;快点
③come to 总计,达到;归纳为
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①came about ②come out
①I’ll never understand how it (发生) that you were
an hour late on such a short journey.?
②The smartphone-like glasses will likely (推出)
this year and cost between $250 and $600.?
特别提示:come about,happen,occur,take place和break out这五个表示“发生”的词语,都是不及物动词(短语),不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。
7.put up with 忍受;容忍
①put off 延期,推迟
②put on 穿上,戴上;演出
③put out 熄灭,扑灭;伸出;摆出
④put through 接通电话
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①put up with ②put off ③put out
①I can’t (忍受) your rudeness any
more;leave the room,please.?
②We will (推迟) the picnic in the park until next
week,when the weather may be better.(2016天津卷)?
③Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was
(扑灭). (2016全国Ⅰ,完形填空)?
8.so long as 只要
①so/as long as意为“只要”,用来引导条件状语从句。
②as long as还可表示“与……一样长”“长达……”。
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①as long as ②as long as
①I decided to play with him with only one toy for (只
要) it would keep his interest.(2018全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D)?
②The street is three times (与……一样长)
that one.?
特别提示:记住以下短语的原意和引申义
短语 原意 引申义
as long as 与……一样长 只要
as well as 与……一样好 也;和
as good as 与……一样好 几乎
