Unit 4 Making the news
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you.According to the ancient Greeks,there are three basic tools of persuasion:ethos,pathos,and logos.
Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy,honest and reliable.One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.After all,you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that he is a good person.If the audience cannot trust you,you will not be able to persuade them.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with the audience’s emotions.For example,a politician who is trying to convince the audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.These words are intended to fill the audience with fear,thus making them support him.Similarly,an animal charity might show the audience pictures of injured dogs and cats,to make the viewers feel pity.If the audience feel bad for the animals,they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or other evidence to support your argument.The audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims.Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.
Although ethos,pathos,and logos all have their strengths,they are often most effective when used together.Indeed,most speakers use a combination of ethos,pathos,and logos to persuade their audience.So,the next time you listen to a speech,watch a commercial,or listen to a friend who try to convince you to lend him some money,be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.
1.How is a speaker able to show his ethos to the audience?
A.By expressing his sympathy with the audience.
B.By telling the audience about his personal preference.
C.By using beautiful language to make his statements attractive.
D.By showing his knowledge and experience relating to the topic.
2.What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion?
A.Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.
B.Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.
C.Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.
D.Political leaders never use pathos to persuade their audience.
3.An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using .?
A.ethos B.pathos C.logos D.a combination of all three
语篇解读:文章介绍了三种说服他人的技巧。
答案及剖析:
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,演讲者可以通过解释他在该领域的经验或者教育程度来展现他的道德思想。
2.B 推理判断题。文章介绍了persuasion的三种基本技巧:ethos,pathos和logos,并分别说明了每种技巧的作用以及具体的操作方法。B项意为“每个方面都能对观众产生不同的影响”,符合题意。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知,logos通过使用事实、数据以及其他证据来支持你的观点,题目中提到“科学实验表明我们的洗衣粉能杀死95%的细菌”,由此可知答案。
B
Sometimes life trips you up,but knowing how to approach failure can be the first step to success.When author J.K.Rowling addressed the graduating class at Harvard last June,she didn’t focus on success.Instead,she spoke about failure.She related a story about a young woman who gave up her dream of writing novels to study something more practical.However,she ended up as an unemployed single mom.
But during this hard time,she realized she still had a wonderful daughter,an old typewriter,and an idea became the foundation for rebuilding her life.“Perhaps you’ve heard of Harry Potter?You might never fail on the scale I did,”Rowling told the audience.“But it is impossible to live without failing in something,unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all.You will never truly know yourself,or the strength of your relationships,until both have been tested by hardships.Such knowledge is a true gift,for it is painfully won,and it has been worth more to me than any qualification I have ever earned.”
Lots of Americans are tasting failure for the first time now and immediately trying to spit it out.Whether its unemployment,or the evaporation(消失) of hard-earned savings,the have-it-all generation suddenly lose everything they own.
Next,you’ll learn how the brain responds to failure and how it can be reprogrammed for success using some simple tricks.You’ll also find advice from a successful entrepreneur(企业家) who claims that times like these are actually among the best for launching dreams.But most valuable,you’ll meet some ordinary people who were in some tough situations.A few cheered up;others got depressed.But even though their stories are quite different,the outcomes are the same.They all bounced back.And you can,too.
As Rowling herself would admit,it doesn’t take a wizard(奇才) to do it.
4.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .?
A.college students have never suffered a defeat B.it is normal for you to fail at something in life
C.if you are very cautious,you can enjoy your life D.you need a daughter and a typewriter to succeed
5.Which of the following statements would J.K.Rowling agree to?
A.The knowledge we accumulate is a true gift for us.
B.Our experience is more valuable than qualifications.
C.We can understand ourselves better in time of danger.
D.Our bitter experience helps us to realize our strength.
6.What did some ordinary people do in some tough situations according to the passage?
A.They remained in high spirits. B.They took their fate lying down.
C.They decided to quit. D.They insisted until succeeded.
语篇解读:人人都渴望成功。著名小说家J.K.Rowling向我们讲述了如何从失败走向成功。
答案及剖析:
4.B 推理判断题。根据第二段J.K.Rowling所说的“人生是不可能不经历失败的,除非你活得非常谨慎,谨慎到根本就不能算是在生活”可知,人生中遭遇失败是正常的。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,J.K.Rowling认为,当你没有遭遇逆境的时候,你永远不会真正地了解自己,不知道你在处理人际关系方面的优势。可见她认为逆境可以帮助人们了解自己的优势。
6.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第二、三句可知,尽管那些遭遇困境的普通人的经历各不相同,但是最后的结果都一样,他们都重新站起来了。也就是说,他们坚持到底,最终都取得了成功。
Ⅱ.语法填空
“Guys,it is Reading Workshop time now.When calling your table number,
1. (get) your things,please!”said Mrs.Toalson.She 2. (hold) a cup that had many sticks in it;on every stick was written each student’s name and table number.?
What did she mean?Probably books,I thought.Mrs. Toalson picked a stick
3. of the cup and said,“Okay,Aniqa’s table.Table two,you may get your
4. (thing).”Then my four classmates ran for the cushions in the bathtub(浴缸).Mrs. Toalson kept 5. (pick) sticks and calling out different table numbers.?
“Kate,you may use the bathtub,”Mrs.Toalson said.“Gosh!Use the bathtub?Is Kate going 6. (take) a bath?”I wondered.Kate was the girl who had pretty brown hair.She ran 7. (happy) with her book to the bathtub and 8. (lie) down in it.As she read,she cuddled(拥抱)a teddy bear.I bet it must be comfortable reading in a bathtub.?
Except for lucky Kate,everybody had to read elsewhere.Some were sitting on the seats,some were lying down under the table,9. everybody’s reading pose was different.Regina thought that it would be more fun to read outside on the grass.10. a great idea!The next day our whole class went to the park across the street from our school.It was amazing!?
语篇解读:文章主要讲述了在阅读课上,学生不用端端正正地坐在椅子上,可以靠在垫子上,卧在浴缸里甚至是在公园里享受阅读的趣味。
答案及剖析:
1.get 分析句子结构可知,此处是祈使句,故用动词原形。
2.was holding 此处指过去正在发生的事情,用过去进行时。
3.out 此处指“从杯子里面拿出来”,故用out。
4.things 此处是复数概念,故用things。
5.picking 此处是固定结构keep doing sth.,意思是“一直做某事”。
6.to take 此处是固定句型be going to do sth.,意思是“打算做某事”。
7.happily 此处需用副词修饰谓语动词。
8.lay 此处与ran并列,应用一般过去时。
9.and 此处表示并列关系,故用and。
10.What 此处为感叹句,中心词为名词,故用what引导。
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定你是武汉晨光中学的李华,你的澳大利亚笔友Mark最近给你发来邮件,说他准备参加武汉12月31日举办的冬季马拉松比赛(marathon race),希望你帮助他预定好旅馆,并带他游览市内著名景点(如黄鹤楼 the Yellow Crane Tower,东湖 East Lake)。请你给他写封回信,内容包括:
1.回复他的要求;
2.询问他到达的具体时间,待多久,以便你作具体安排。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当添加细节,使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Mark,
?
?
?
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Mark,
I’m very glad to have received your letter,saying that you would take part in the Winter marathon race to be held in Wuhan on December 31.
It is my pleasure to arrange for your accommodation and show you around some of the famous scenic spots here after the race,such as the Yellow Crane Tower and East Lake.I’ll do my best to satisfy your need and guarantee you a pleasant journey.Just tell me the exact time of your arrival and how long you will stay in your next letter,so that I can pick you up at the airport and make a proper arrangement.By the way,wish you good luck in the marathon race!
Looking forward to your early reply and expecting your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua
PAGE
6
(共12张PPT)
单元知识检测
教材回扣
Ⅰ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
1.They will keep their parents (了解) any progress
they have made.?
2.When the delayed flight will take off (取决于)
the weather.?
3.Previous generations (集中精力于) getting
children to school on time,fed,dressed and ready to learn.?
答案:1.informed of 2.depends on 3.concentrated on
4.The man, (被控告) stealing the expensive car,is
being questioned by the policeman.?
5.Your son (对……很敏感) stories,
so he will become a good journalist before long.?
答案:4.accused of 5.has a good nose for
Ⅱ.课文缩写填空
Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment as a 1. (report) in a popular English newspaper. At the office his talk with his new boss influenced
2. (he)life strongly. His boss first put him as an 3. (assist) to an experienced journalist and later allowed him to cover a story and submit the article himself. During the interviews,he had to listen for detailed facts and prepare the next question 4. (depend) on what the person said. 5. the interviewee agreed,he could use a recorder to get the facts straight. The boss also gave him
6. example of the importance of a recorder. Once a footballer
7. (accuse) of taking money for 8. (deliberate) not scoring goals to let the other team win. He admitted that someone had tried to bribe him,but denied
9. (take) money. The recording suggested that he was 10. (guilt).?
答案:1.reporter 2.his 3.assistant 4.depending 5.If 6.an 7.was accused 8.deliberately 9.taking 10.guilty
语境活用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.His concentration on the problem was (admire).?
2.The camps have excellent horses, (profession) guides and
lots of support workers.?
3.I have an (appoint) with my dentist this afternoon.?
4.The shop assistant was dismissed as she (accuse) of
cheating customers.?
答案:1.admirable 2.professional 3.appointment 4.was accused
5.Being a student,you should concentrate your study instead
of addicting yourself to computer games.?
6.We’d be (delight) to come to dinner on Friday.?
7.If accepted for the job,you’ll be (inform) soon.?
8.You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead
you.
答案:5.on 6.delighted 7.informed 8.of
9.Brian is (gift) in writing music;he is very likely to be
a Beethoven.?
10.I’m afraid you won’t get your teacher’s (approve) to
your three days’ leave.?
答案:9.gifted 10.approval
答案:1.将practiced改为practice 2.accused 前加 was 3.去掉of 4.将thorough改为thoroughly
Ⅱ.单句语法改错
1.She spoke confidently because she wanted to make a good impression
to her employer.
2.Giving the right kind of training,these young soccer players may
grow into international stars.
3.Lainey can become excited about reading when presenting with
literature on topics that interest her.(2016四川,完形填空)
4.Worrying about her daughter,the mother came to see her yesterday.
5.You’ll be faced with two choices—whether to be fired or not,depend on
your performance in the work.
6.I’m delighting to be appointed as chairman of the Students’ Union.
7.Reading is an excellent way to learn new things and stay informing.
8.He is senior than me,since he joined the firm before me.
9.Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases that beginners of English fail to
use the language properly.
10.In my opinion,the boy really has gift for oil painting.
答案:5.将depend改为depending 6.将delighting改为delighted 7.将informing改为informed 8.将than改为to 9.将that改为where 10.gift前加a
微写作
1.上个月,我作为业余记者的第一项任务是采访一位著名的摄影师。
?
2.我认为他非常专业,拍了很多令人赞赏的照片。
?
答案:1.Last month,my first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous photographer.
2.As far as I am concerned,he was professional and had taken many admirable photographs.
(借助过渡性词语或句子就能把5个句子连接成一篇小短文)
3.采访中,为了获得全部信息,我问了许多不同的问题。
?
4.我专注地听一些事实细节,根据他的回答准备下一个问题。
?
答案:3.During the interview,I asked many different questions in order to acquire all the information.
4.Not only did I concentrate on listening to detailed facts,but I also prepared the next question depending on what he said.
5.为了让自己有更多的时间思考,我故意放慢进程。
?
?
答案:5.I deliberately slowed down the process so as to let myself have more time to think.
(共27张PPT)
Unit 4 Making the news
基础知识·梳理
考点知识·导练
基础知识·梳理 抓主干·固双基
1. vt.帮助;协助;援助
n.援助;帮助
n.助手,售货员
2. vi.& vt.集中,聚集
n.专心,集中
3. vt.告知;通知
n.消息
4. n.需求,要求vt.强烈要求
adj.苛求的,严格的
assist
assistance
assistant
concentrate
concentration
inform
information
demand
demanding
单
词
拓
展
5. vt.赞成;认可;批准
n.赞成,批准
6. vt.获得,取得,学到
n.获得,取得
7. adj.令人钦佩的
vt.钦佩,羡慕
n. 钦佩,羡慕
8. adj.有罪的,内疚的
n.有罪,犯罪
approve
approval
acquire
acquisition
admirable
admire
admiration
guilty
guilt
单
词
拓
展
9. adj.技术(上)的
adv.技术上,工艺上
n.技术
10. adj.精确的,正确的
n.正确,准确
11. vt.处理n.过程
v.前进;继续做
12. n.约会,任命
v.任命,指定
13. adj.彻底的;详尽的
adv.彻底地;详尽地
technical
technically
technique
accurate
accuracy
process
proceed
appointment
appoint
thorough
thoroughly
单
词
拓
展
14. n.职业,专业
adj.职业的 n. 专业人员
n. 教授
15. adj.有天赋的
n.礼物,才能
16. n.情况;病例;案例
profession
professional
professor
gifted
gift
case
单
词
拓
展
1.depend 依靠;依赖
2.accuse... 因……指责或控告……
3.concentrate 集中;全神贯注于
4. as to (do sth.) 为了(做)……
5.ahead 在……前面
6.have a nose ... 对……敏感
7.inform sb. sth. 通知某人某事
8.turn a deaf ear 对……充耳不闻
on
of
on
so
of
for
of
to
短
语
记
忆
1. Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment
at the office of a popular English newspaper.
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家受欢迎的英语报社工作时分配到的第一
项任务。
2.His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin (HX), .
his life as a journalist.
他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯会产生重要影响。
3. interested in photography,but
I...我不仅对摄影感兴趣,而且我……
Never
was
to
strongly
influence
Not
only
am
I
will
句
型
整
理
考点知识·导练 解疑难·提知能
1.assist v.帮助;协助;援助
④come to one’s assistance帮助某人
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
①When the fire broke out,all the people came to the
firemen (帮助……做……) putting out the fire.?
②I was employed to the manager (帮助) his
duties.
③Despite his cries,no one (帮助他).
答案:①assist;in ②assist;with ③came to his assistance
2.concentrate v.集中;聚集
①concentrate (oneself) on (doing) sth.集中于……;专心
于……
②be concentrated on/upon sth.集中于……,专心于……
③concentrate one’s attention/efforts/thoughts on...
把注意力/努力/思想集中到……
巧学助记
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:concentrate on ②concentrate;on
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order
to (专心于) her studies.(2017全国Ⅲ,语法填空)
②We should all our efforts (专注于) improving
education.
写作联想:高考运用②其他表达方式
①We should focus all our efforts on improving education.
②We should fix all our efforts on improving education.
特别提示:表示“集中注意力于”的短语还有pay attention to, put one’s heart into, be absorbed in,be buried in等。
3.inform vt.告知;通知
①inform sb.of/about sth.告知某人某事
②inform sb.that...通知某人……
③keep sb.informed使某人随时了解最新情况
动词+sb.+of短语小结:
①rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
②remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
③convince sb.of sth. 使某人信服某事
④cure sb.of illness 治愈某人的病
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①informed me that ②keep me fully informed of
①He later (告诉我说)I was “not athletic”.
(2018北京,阅读理解A)
②Please (向我提供……的
详情) any development.?
4.case n.情况;病例;案例
①in case of...假使……,万一……
②in case以防万一(引导状语从句时,从句谓语用一般现在
时代替一般将来时)
③in any case无论如何,总之
④in this/that case如果这样/那样的话,在这种/那种情
况下
⑤in no case决不(置于句首时,句子采用部分倒装)
⑥as is often the case 这是常有的事
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①cases ②As is often the case ③in case ④in that case ⑤In no case
①Already this year,115 measles (病例) have been reported in the
USA.(2017北京,阅读理解C)?
② (情况通常是这样),the fact
that something cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.?
③This time,we stayed together, (以免,以防) anything else
unusual happened.(2018天津,阅读理解B)?
④But (如果那样的话),we will learn little about
the world.?
⑤ (决不) shall we believe that he is so generous.
特别提示:
①case意为“情况,情形”时,若为定语从句先行词且从句中缺少状语时,定语从
句的引导词多为where。类似的还有:point,situation,stage,position等。
②in case后接从句时,不加that。
③in no case置于句首时,句子采用部分倒装。
5.demand n.需求;要求
vt.强烈要求
①demand sth. of/from sb.向某人索取某物
②demand to do sth.要求做某事
③in (great) demand需求量很大;许多人都需要
④meet/satisfy the demand满足需要;符合要求
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①demands to be told ②in great demand ③meet;demands
①He (要求被告知) everything.?
②Now the new mobile phones are (需求量很大).
③The manager promised that the company would try to the
customers’ (满足……的需求).?
特别提示:
①demand作“要求”讲,后跟从句时,要用虚拟语气,即谓语部分用“should+动
词原形”,should可以省略。
②demand不能用于demand sb.to do sth.结构。
6.approve vt.赞成;认可;批准
①approve of (doing) sth.赞同/支持(做)某事
②give one’s approval (to) 同意;批准,赞同
③get/win one’s approval (to) 获准
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①approved ②approve of ③gave its approval to
①The minister (批准) the building plan.?
②I (赞成) your trying to make some money,but please
don’t neglect your studies.?
③The committee (批准) the project.
7.depend on依靠;依赖
①depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事
②That/It (all) depends.那得看情况而定。
③depend on/upon it+that...指望……,对……深信不疑
④depend on sb./sth. for sth.靠某人或某物提供某物
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①depending on ②depend on ③depend on it that
①Thinking hard about it,I came to realize that my team might not be
the number one team in Georgia,but they were (依
靠)me.(2018天津,完形填空)?
②—Can I (依靠) him??
—That depends.
③We can (相信) he will arrive
here on time.?
写作联想:高考运用③其他表达方式
①We can rely on it that he will arrive here on time.
②We can count on it that he will arrive here on time.
8.accuse...of因……指责或控告……
①accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.指控某人(做)某事
②accuse sb.as...指控某人为……
③charge sb.with sth./doing sth.控告某人(做)某事
归纳拓展
高考运用:完成句子
答案:①accused;of ②was accused of
①She her deskmate (指责) cheating in the exam.?
②He (被指控) murder by the police.?
