专题十七 概要写作
挖命题
【考情探究】
考点[][][]
考查内容[]
考查方式
考情分析
2018.11
2018.6
2017.11
2017.6
2016.10
概要写作
1.对原文主旨及要点的理解和呈现情况;2.概括要点时语法结构和词汇应用的准确性;3.概要文章上下文的连贯性;4.对各要点表达的独立性情况
提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要
在申请大学之前,最好亲自去目标学校看一下。如果时间和金钱不允许,就在网上获取信息
分析解读 概要写作是综合性的写作考查。要求考生首先对原文有准确的理解、对原文的结构和要点有准确的把握,然后再用高级的语法结构及合适的连接词写出包含所有要点的短文。所以,考生要想做好本题,就必须注意以下几点:(1)准确理解文章。(2)把握文章的各个要点。(3)使用准确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的连接词。(4)使用自己的语言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子。
【真题典例】
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s
a
really
good
idea
to
visit
colleges
before
you
apply
because
their
websites
can
all
start
to
look
and
sound
the
same.
Nothing
will
give
you
the
sense
of
what
it
will
actually
be
like
to
live
on
a
college
campus(校园)like
visiting
and
seeing
for
yourself
the
dorms,
classrooms
and
athletic
equipment
and,
of
course,
the
students.
It
seems
a
little
crazy
once
senior
year
hits
to
find
the
time
to
visit
college
campuses,
and
it
can
also
be
pricey
if
the
schools
you
are
applying
to
happen
to
be
more
than
a
car
ride
away.
But
keep
in
mind
that
you
are
making
a
decision
about
the
next
four
years
of
your
life,
and
do
all
the
research
you
can
to
make
sure
you
are
making
the
right
one.
There’s
no
excuse
not
to
visit
the
schools
in
your
local
area.
In
fact,
a
lot
of
college
applications
even
ask
if
you
have
visited
campus,
and
obviously,
if
you
live
across
the
country
that
won’t
be
as
much
of
a
possibility,
but
if
you
live
nearby,
go
check
it
out!
If
campus
visits
aren’t
going
to
happen
before
you
apply,
at
the
very
least
you
should
find
some
time
between
applying
and
getting
your
acceptance
letters
to
visit
the
schools
you’d
like
to
attend.
It
can
save
you
a
lot
of
heartache
if
you
rule
out
now
the
things
that
you
don’t
like
about
certain
campuses,
things
that
you
wouldn’t
know
unless
you
actually
visit.
Now,
if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,
then
check
out
the
online
college
fairs
at
CollegeWeekLive.
It’s
a
chance
to
chat
online
with
admissions
officers,
students,
and
college
counselors(顾问),
and
it
won’t
cost
you
a
penny!
You
can
register
for
its
online
college
fair
at
collegeweeklive.com.
While
visiting
an
online
college
fair
can’t
take
the
place
of
an
actual
campus
visit,
it
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
that
along
with
all
your
other
research
will
help
you
make
an
informed
decision
about
which
colleges
or
universities
you’d
like
to
attend.
概要写作的文章一般都是说明文或议论文。文章结构比较清楚,段落之间的逻辑关系也很紧密。
文章第一段开门见山,提出观点:在你申请大学之前,要去亲自看看目标大学。
第二段特别指出一定要去看看附近的大学。
第三段的内容是,如果你在申请之前没有去过;在申请之后,或得到offer之前,一定要去看看,免得将来后悔。
第四段的主要内容是如果无法亲自去参观的话,可以登录网站了解相关的信息。并提供了网站的信息。
参考范文
范文鉴赏
It
is
a
wise
choice
for
you
to
pay
a
personal
visit
to
the
college
you
are
applying
to,especially
the
ones
that
are
close
to
you.(要点1)In
order
to
avoid
being
regretful,
you
should
at
least
visit
the
college
you
decided
to
attend.(要点2)If
all
the
above
is
not
affordable,
it
will
be
helpful
to
search
the
online
college
fairs
at
CollegeWeekLive
where
you
can
get
the
necessary
information(要点3).
1.范文准确地把握了各个段落的要点。
2.各个要点之间的连接和逻辑都很顺畅,相互关系密切。
3.句子之间用了比较好的连接方式。如第一句的especially;第二句的In
order
to,第三句的If。
4.文章使用了比较高级的词汇和结构。如,It
is
a
wise
choice;you
are
applying
to;that
are
close
to
you;avoid
being
regretful;not
affordable;where
you
can
get
the
necessary
information。
【三年模拟】
模拟题组
Writing
1(2019浙江五校)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
These
days
our
society
develops
rapidly
and
forces
people
to
rush.
It
appears
that
people
have
got
used
to
being
in
a
hurry.
However,
it’s
better
for
people
to
take
their
time
and
live
their
life
at
a
slower
pace
than
to
hurry
to
get
things
done.
The
main
reason
that
convinces
us
to
oppose
doing
work
in
a
hurry
is
the
possibility
of
doing
wrong
in
a
rush.
When
people
do
their
jobs
or
take
action
in
a
hurry,
they
can’t
make
a
sound
decision
and
probably
regret
later.
As
the
saying
goes,
“Haste
makes
waste.”
We
should
think
carefully
before
making
a
decision
and
do
our
work
less
quickly.
We
should
not
make
mistakes
by
doing
work
hurriedly.
Slowing
down
the
pace
of
life
helps
people
enjoy
their
life
better.
For
example,
taking
a
train
to
some
place
certainly
will
take
more
time
than
taking
a
plane.
However,
taking
a
train
makes
people
have
enough
time
to
get
to
know
a
lot
of
new
friends.
Besides,
it
allows
people
to
fully
enjoy
the
beautiful
scenery
along
the
way.
On
the
contrary,
being
in
a
hurry
will
make
us
lose
chances
of
enjoying
our
lives.
Finally,
slower
life
pace
provides
better
health
conditions
for
us.
As
is
known
to
all,
taking
action
in
a
hurry
bothers
people
and
raises
their
stress.
People
think
if
they
are
not
in
a
hurry,
they
will
become
a
loser
and
that
annoys
them.
But
being
in
a
hurry
can
hurt
people
both
physically
and
mentally.
According
to
some
studies,
people
who
have
a
slower
pace
suffer
fewer
diseases,
tend
to
be
happier
and
live
much
longer
than
those
whose
life
is
tense,
even
if
the
former
finish
jobs
more
slowly
than
the
latter.
In
short,
working
quickly
will
bring
about
more
material
benefits
to
make
our
society
more
advanced.
Yet,
much
stress
can’t
bring
enjoyment,
friends
and
health,
which
are
much
more
important
than
money
and
other
material
advantages.
Therefore,
take
your
time
and
live
your
life
at
a
slower
pace.
?
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了降低生活节奏的各种好处。文章结构清楚,观点明确。同时在第一段提出了主旨,第二至第四段进行了论述,最后一段给予了总结。
【参考范文】
Despite
being
accustomed
to
the
fast
pace
in
modern
society,
people
are
recommended
to
lead
a
slower
life.(要点1)Slowing
down
lowers
the
possibility
of
committing
errors
made
by
hurry
decisions.(要点2)It
can
also
provide
us
with
more
opportunities
to
enjoy
life.(要点3)Besides,
a
slower
life
is
supposed
to
bring
better
health
condition
physically
and
mentally.(要点4)Therefore,
a
slow
life
is
strongly
suggested.(要点5)
Writing
2(2019浙江宁波返校考)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Have
you
heard
an
old
saying
“The
grass
looks
greener
on
the
other
side
of
the
fence”?It
means
other
places
often
look
better,
more
interesting
than
the
place
where
you
live.
“Let’s
go
to
KFC
for
dinner
and
then
watch
some
Japanese
cartoons!”
We
all
know
it:more
and
more
Chinese
kids
love
American
and
Japanese
food
and
movies.
Some
people
worry
that
young
Chinese
are
beginning
to
feel
that
way.
They
see
young
Chinese
ignoring(忽视)Chinese
culture
and,
instead,
buying
Japanese
cartoon
books,
watching
Korean
soap
operas
and
even
celebrating
western
holidays.
Foreign
books
and
soap
operas
are
good,
but
Chinese
writers
and
actors
are
just
as
good.
As
for
holidays,
Christmas
is
nice,
but
it
can
never
have
the
meaning
for
Chinese
that
Spring
Festival
has,
and
the
West
has
nothing
to
compare
with
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival.
China
has
lots
of
cool
things
in
its
culture:calligraphy,
Beijing
Opera,
quick
meals
on
the
streets,
and
even
Jay
Chou!
And
let’s
not
forget
the
part
of
Chinese
culture
I
like
best:its
friendliness.
Not
all
countries
are
as
warm
as
China.
It’s
good
to
enjoy
other
cultures
and
learn
from
them,
but
they
can
never
replace
your
own
culture.
It’s
good
to
look
on
the
other
side
of
the
fence,
but
make
sure
you
take
a
good
long
look.
You
will
find
that
the
grass
isn’t
always
greener.
Although
some
people
become
worried
about
that,
I
don’t
think
they
should.
Will
we
get
more
powerful
without
learning
from
other
countries?Will
Chinese
people
live
more
happily
without
American
fast
food?Besides,
it’s
fun
to
learn
about
different
cultures.
Chinese
kids
can
learn
about
other
cultures
and
have
fun,
but
they
also
need
to
learn
more
about
their
own
culture.
Be
proud
of
Chinese
culture
and
of
being
Chinese!
?
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文是议论文。文章论述了“本地的花不香”这种盲目崇洋媚外的现象。文章结构清楚,概括时根据自然段的中心思想组织要点。
【参考范文】
Many
young
Chinese
prefer
foreign
items,
considering
them
to
be
better.(要点1)Nevertheless,
Chinese
culture
is
equally
good,
colorful
and
even
more
meaningful,
such
as
its
festivals,
calligraphy
and
friendliness.(要点2)Foreign
cultures,
which
are
not
always
good,
can
never
replace
your
own
culture.(要点3)In
a
word,
Chinese
kids
need
to
learn
more
and
take
pride
in
Chinese
culture
while
enjoying
other
cultures.(要点4)
Writing
3(2019浙江杭州模拟)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
“I
think
I’m
nothing
more
than
a
dead
fish.”“I
don’t
want
to
do
anything.”“I’m
so
beat
and
so
sad.”...The
young
generation
in
our
country
used
to
enjoy
their
“happy
culture”
but
now
they
have
become
“beat
and
sad”
slowly
and
secretly.
Some
people
even
called
it
“the
beat
culture”.
The
“beat”
youths
don’t
want
to
do
anything.
They
have
no
purpose,
no
desire
and
they
are
totally
depressed
and
they
only
want
to
live
an
aimless
life.
The
“Ge
You
slouch(葛优瘫)”and
the
song“I
feel
like
having
been
drained”
are
the
examples.
Many
media
concern
themselves
about
this
phenomenon
and
try
to
persuade
the
youths
into
embracing
positive
and
healthy
feelings
and
encourage
them
to
work
hard
to
get
rid
of
decadence.
This
is
really
a
kind
gesture.
However,
we
don’t
have
to
worry
too
much
about
this
“beat
culture.”
In
fact,
it’s
not
a
negative
thing.
“Beat”
never
means
despair,
but
a
way
of
self-mockery(自嘲)and
pressure
relief.
In
general,
the
youths
in
China
are
not
“beat”.
According
to
a
recent
international
research,
the
youths
in
China
hold
positive
attitude
towards
the
future.
29%
of
the
Chinese
interviewees
believe
they
will
live
and
work
in
peace
in
China
because
“as
long
as
you
work
hard,
you
can
have
your
own
day”.
Around
93%
of
the
Chinese
interviewees
believe
the
future
is
promising
because
of
medicine
industry,
renewable
energy
sources
and
computer.
Compared
with
Chinese
youngsters,
youths
in
developed
countries
are
more
pessimistic.
Of
course
there
are
some
social
reasons
for
the
appearing
of
“the
Beat
Culture”.
As
urbanization
develops
rapidly,
youths
living
in
big
cities
are
facing
new
challenges
that
their
forefathers
have
never
encountered
before.
Loneliness
and
feelings
of
insignificance
and
powerlessness
are
easy
to
get
a
hold
of
the
young
people.
Without
proper
care,
they
could
threaten
the
youths’
mentality
and
cause
many
social
problems.
These
problems
probably
need
our
attention
more.
?
?
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文是议论文。对中国现在年轻人中所谓的“颓废的文化”进行了客观的论述和评价。
【参考范文】
There
is
a
slow
tendency
that
“the
beat
culture”
is
popular
with
the
youths
in
China.(要点1)Actually,
“the
beat
culture”
is
an
approach
to
relaxing
the
youths
themselves,
so
it
doesn’t
need
worrying.(要点2)The
fact
is
that
majority
of
the
youths
in
China
are
positive,
compared
with
those
in
developed
countries.(要点3)However,its
social
causes
still
need
to
be
concerned
because
it
can
also
contribute
to
more
social
problems.(要点4)
Writing
4(2019浙江七彩阳光联盟10月)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If
you’re
anything
like
us,
it
seems
that
your
stomach
starts
to
grumble(隆隆响)as
soon
as
McDonald’s
golden
arches
come
into
view.
The
reason
behind
that
isn’t
the
mouthwatering
taste
of
their
delicious
fries—this
is
how
they
get
them
to
taste
so
good
by
the
way—it’s
actually
psychological,
and
it
has
to
do
with
the
colors
of
their
logo.
The
colors
red
and
yellow
were
chosen
for
a
specific
reason,
and
it
wasn’t
because
they
looked
nice
with
Ronald
McDonald’s
clown-like
face.
It
actually
has
to
do
with
science.
The
color
red
is
stimulating
and
is
associated
with
being
active.
It
also
increases
heart
rate,
which
helps
to
jumpstart
your
appetite.
The
color
yellow
is
associated
with
happiness
and
is
the
most
visible
color
in
daylight,
so
that’s
why
a
McDonald’s
sign
is
so
easy
to
spot
on
a
crowded
road.
The
brain
processes
color
before
it
processes
words
or
shapes,
so
that’s
why
the
fast-food
chain
chose
these
two
colors
for
their
logo
and
brand.
Red
and
yellow
makes
you
hungry,
encouraging
you
to
want
to
buy
the
product
they
sell,
while
also
making
you
feel
happy.
McDonald’s
has
started
to
use
this
color
philosophy
to
influence
and
change
the
way
people
currently
think
about
their
brand
as
well.
Many
franchises(授权经销商)in
Europe
have
started
to
incorporate
more
of
the
color
green
into
their
storefronts
and
interior
design
because
it’s
associated
with
nature
and
being
environmentally
friendly,
something
McDonald’s
has
been
criticized
for
not
being
in
the
past.
The
company
has
been
working
to
become
greener
by
using
environmentally
friendly
refrigeration
and
converting
used
oil
into
biodiesel(生物柴油)fuel.
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了色彩和人的食欲之间的关系。文章共四段,每段主题都明了,写概要时根据自然段概括要点即可。
【参考范文】
The
reason
why
people
can’t
resist
the
temptation
of
McDonald’s
is
psychologically
connected
with
colors
of
the
logo.(要点1)Yellow
and
red
were
chosen
to
help
increase
people’s
appetite
and
make
the
store
sign
easy
to
spot.(要点2)Another
reason
is
that
the
human
brain
processes
color
before
words
or
shapes.(要点3)Nowadays
McDonald’s
takes
advantage
of
the
color
philosophy
to
become
more
environmentally
friendly
by
incorporating
more
green
color
into
their
store
design.(要点4)
Writing
5(2019浙江绍兴11月联考)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As
is
known,
if
we
are
united
no
one
can
defeat
us.
But
if
we
constantly
have
conflicts
or
misunderstandings,
we
may
attract
outsiders
to
take
advantage
of
ourselves,
which
may
ultimately
result
in
our
failure.
Unity
is
the
source
of
strength
and
people
who
are
united
have
the
capability
to
tackle
any
kind
of
situation
as
they
share
each
other’s
burdens
and
hardships.
In
olden
days,
man
lived
alone.
He
travelled
and
hunted
all
by
himself,
which
sometimes
gave
opportunities
to
fierce
animal
to
attack
and
kill
him.
Then
he
realized
that
if
he
joined
hands
with
other
hunters,
he
would
be
able
to
face
several
common
dangers
and
challenges.
This
is
how,
villages
got
formed,
which
later
got
developed
into
the
towns
and
cities.
In
the
sports
ground,
be
it
cricket,
football,
baseball,
basketball
or
any
kind
of
sport,
a
united
team
and
an
appropriate
strategy
may
contribute
to
the
success
of
the
team;but
if
there
is
a
conflict
or
unhealthy
competition
or
unnecessary
misunderstanding
among
the
team
members,
they
may
invite
the
opponents
to
take
advantage
of
their
shortcomings
and
win
the
game.
Likewise,
if
the
members
of
a
family
stay
together
and
support
each
other
in
every
phase
of
life,
no
outsiders
can
harm
the
family.
There
was
once
an
old
man
who
lived
in
a
village
with
his
three
sons.
The
sons
always
fought
with
each
other
and
would
not
pay
any
attention
to
their
father.
The
man
fell
sick
and
assumed
that
he
would
die
soon;he
was
very
worried
about
the
fact
that
once
he
died,
people
would
take
advantage
of
his
sons’
conflicts.
He
called
all
his
sons
and
asked
them
to
break
a
bundle
of
sticks,
one
by
one.
None
of
them
could
do
it.
He
then
untied
the
bundle
and
gave
each
stick
to
each
one
of
them
asking
them
to
break,
which
they
could
very
conveniently
accomplish.
He
then
told
his
sons
that
they
should
stay
like
the
bundle
of
sticks
so
that
no
one
can
break
them;but
if
they
keep
on
fighting,
they
will
be
broken
by
the
outsiders
easily.
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了合作就能成功的观点。
【参考范文】
It
is
well
known
that
united
we
stand
and
divided
we
fall.(要点1)In
ancient
times,
hunters
made
joint
efforts
to
cope
with
dangers
and
challenges,
thus
forming
villages
and
later
developing
into
towns
and
cities.(要点2)Surely,
unity
has
a
great
significance
in
people’s
lives
whether
in
the
sports
ground
or
in
a
family.(要点3)The
dying
man’s
story
of
sticks
also
shows
the
importance
of
unity.(要点4)
Writing
6(2018浙江宁波十校一模)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A
typical
lion
tamer(驯兽师)in
people’s
mind
is
an
entertainer
holding
a
whip(鞭子)and
a
chair.The
whip
gets
all
of
the
attention,
but
it’s
mostly
for
show.In
reality,
it’s
the
chair
that
does
the
important
work.When
a
lion
tamer
holds
a
chair
in
front
of
the
lion’s
face,
the
lion
tries
to
focus
on
all
four
legs
of
the
chair
at
the
same
time.With
its
focus
divided,
the
lion
becomes
confused
and
is
unsure
about
what
to
do
next.When
faced
with
so
many
options,
the
lion
chooses
to
freeze
and
wait
instead
of
attacking
the
man
holding
the
chair.
How
often
do
you
find
yourself
in
the
same
position
as
the
lion?
How
often
do
you
have
something
you
want
to
achieve(e.g.
lose
weight,
start
a
business,
travel
more)—only
to
end
up
confused
by
all
of
the
options
in
front
of
you
and
never
make
progress?
This
upsets
me
to
no
end
because
while
all
the
experts
are
busy
debating
about
which
option
is
the
best,
the
people
who
want
to
improve
their
lives
are
left
confused
by
all
of
the
conflicting
information.The
end
result
is
that
we
feel
like
we
can’t
focus
or
that
we’re
focused
on
the
wrong
things,
and
so
we
take
less
action,
make
less
progress,
and
stay
the
same
when
we
could
be
improving.
It
doesn’t
have
to
be
that
way.Anytime
you
find
the
world
waving
a
chair
in
your
face,
remember
this:All
you
need
to
do
is
to
focus
on
one
thing.You
just
need
to
get
started.
Starting
before
you
feel
ready
is
one
of
the
habits
of
successful
people.
If
you
have
somewhere
you
want
to
go,
something
you
want
to
accomplish,
someone
you
want
to
become...take
immediate
action.If
you’re
clear
about
where
you
want
to
go,
the
rest
of
the
world
will
either
help
you
get
there
or
get
out
of
the
way.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
1.本文是一篇议论文,如果有太多的目标,我们就会迷茫,反而不知所措。因此,正确的做法是集中注意力于我们真正的目标。
2.文章四段,每段一个要点。这是概要写作的一般原则。
3.文章第一段比较难懂。一定要认真阅读。
【参考范文】
What
really
matters
in
a
lion
taming
is
the
chair,
which
confuses
the
lion
by
the
four
legs.(要点1)
So
do
people
in
the
face
of
too
many
options.(要点2)
We
are
always
prevented
from
making
progress
because
we
can’t
make
sound
choices
before
the
conflicting
information.(要点3)
So
if
you
want
to
be
successful,
focus
on
one
thing
and
get
started
quickly.(要点4)
Writing
7(2018浙江绍兴考前适应性联考)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
China’s
bike-sharing
has
exploded
from
nothing
about
a
year
ago
into
a
transport
phenomenon
in
major
cities.
Just
by
scanning
the
QR
code(二维码)that
appears
behind
the
seat,
one
can
unlock
a
shared
bicycle.
Once
the
service
has
finished,
the
user
blocks
the
bike
and
the
total
is
charged
to
his
mobile
account.
The
process
lasts
less
than
30
seconds
and
costs
no
more
than
one
penny.
By
the
way,
there
are
still
no
fixed
places
to
find
or
leave
a
bike,
although
areas
such
as
university
campus,
and
metro
or
bus
station
are
preferred.
Many
young
people
believe
shared
bicycles
have
many
advantages.
They
are
not
expensive
to
rent,
they
do
not
have
to
be
protected
from
thieves,
and
there
is
no
need
to
repair
them.
You
just
have
to
change
them
for
another
one.
They
are
also
environment-friendly
and
lower
the
use
of
cars,
which
also
helps
to
relieve
traffic.
In
fact,
it
is
considered
an
awesome
combination
of
technology
and
tradition.
There
is
no
doubt
about
the
benefits
but
the
disadvantages
cannot
be
ignored.
Many
problems
related
to
shared
bicycles
have
emerged.
It
is
not
only
due
to
bad
behavior
from
some
users
who
always
want
to
seize
the
bicycles,
but
also
because
of
the
mess
that
has
been
created
since
one
can
leave
the
bicycle
anywhere,
which
is
against
public
urban
order
management.
There
are
so
many
poorly
parked
bikes
that
sometimes
they
end
up
blocking
streets.
In
Xi
Luoyuan,
Beijing,
the“Civilized
Use
of
Bicycles”campaign
has
been
launched.
In
addition
to
having
40
officially
permitted
stops,
there
are
also
clear
signals
to
lead
users
to
these
stops.
A
team
of
supervisors
keep
order
in
the
area.
This
is
the
first
area
that
is
part
of
an
official
system
to
manage
bicycles.
The
purpose
of
this
campaign
is
to
solve
the
mess
that
the
popularity
of
shared
bicycles
is
causing
in
Beijing,
both
with
the
participation
of
companies
and
the
users.
If
the
pilot
plan
works
out
well
in
Xi
Luoyuan,
it
will
be
extended
to
all
of
the
cities
in
China.
?
?
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了共享自行车的优劣,并提供了北京解决共享自行车的措施,希望能提供一些有益的经验。文章结构清楚,以自然段为基础概括要点。
【参考范文】
China’s
shared
bicycles
are
gaining
popularity
with
the
public
as
a
cheap
and
convenient
transport
option.(要点1)
The
advantages
of
it
also
include
providing
people
with
an
environment
friendly
life
by
relieving
traffic
and
reducing
pollution.(要点2)
However,
the
bad
behavior
of
some
users
and
the
mess
they
cause
also
lead
to
some
problems.(要点3)
Beijing
has
launched
a
campaign
to
regulate
bike-parking,
which
will
hopefully
set
a
good
example
for
the
rest
of
China.(要点4)
Writing
8(2018浙江宁波选考联盟12校考前模拟)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Advertising
plays
a
major
role
in
the
competitive
business
world.
Many
industries
take
advantage
of
the
power
of
advertising
to
attract
or
to
win
customers
away
from
their
business
competitors.
The
influence
of
advertising
is
so
huge
that
it
causes
many
people
to
buy
things
that
they
don’t
want
at
the
start.
Advertising
encourages
people
to
buy
things
they
don’t
want
through
misleading
ideas.
Advertising
is
proven
to
be
a
successful
tool
to
stress
the
features
of
their
product
to
the
public
even
though
it’s
regarded
undesirable
such
as
cigarettes,
drugs,
alcohol
and
so
on.
For
example,
Dunhill,
a
cigarette
company
which
sponsors
many
football
teams,
seems
to
be
promoting
cigarettes
to
the
public.
Without
the
sponsorship,
the
company
will
be
less
known
to
the
public,
resulting
in
fewer
sales
of
cigarettes.
Besides
that,
advertising
has
a
large
influence
on
the
decisions
made
by
the
people
in
their
everyday
life.
Many
businesses
use
advertising
as
a
form
of
promoting
to
create
awareness
about
their
product
in
the
market.
For
instance,
in
a
fast
food
industry,
the
introduction
of
a
new
flavor
of
burger
needs
advertising
to
reach
the
public
while
the
other
burgers
require
advertising
to
increase
sales.
Children,
especially,
are
easily
influenced
by
advertisements
and
will
have
the
desire
to
dine
at
fast
food
restaurants
after
that.
Although
fast
food
is
bad
for
health,
it
has
successfully
become
appealing
to
the
public
through
advertising.
However,
advertising
plays
a
part
in
helping
customers
to
compare
a
product
in
terms
of
price,
quality,
reliability
and
so
on.
Without
advertising,
it
will
be
very
difficult
for
customers
to
judge
the
worth
of
a
product.
For
example,
advertisements
published
by
various
companies
have
given
the
customers
the
opportunity
to
choose
wisely
when
purchasing
an
item.
Without
the
power
of
advertising,
customers
will
be
stuck
to
a
brand
which
may
not
offer
the
best
choice.
?
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文论述了广告在我们生活中的优点和不足。以段落概括要点,注意抓住要点,一些细节的举例可以省略。
【参考范文】
Advertising
contributes
a
lot
to
a
company
in
the
competitive
business
world.(要点1)
It
persuades
people
into
buying
things
they
don’t
really
need
with
the
method
of
over
stressing
the
features
of
their
products.(要点2)
By
raising
the
awareness
of
the
products,
it
has
remarkable
effects
on
people’s
decisions.(要点3)
Nevertheless,
it
also
provides
people
with
necessary
information
about
the
products,
allowing
people
to
compare
them
and
make
a
better
choice.(要点4)
Writing
9(2017浙江杭州四校高三期中)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Throughout
history,
music
spread
among
people
of
different
cultures.
In
today’s
technological
advanced
society,
however,
people
spread
music
online,
sometimes
without
an
artist’s
permission.
This
can
lead
to
many
problems,
and
music
companies
are
now
dealing
with
this
practice.
Sharing
music
online
without
permission
is
theft(偷窃).
Sharing
music
online
prevents
recording
companies
from
making
money
from
their
efforts.
They
say
that
sharing
music
online
has
resulted
in
a
huge
drop
in
profits
and
sales
over
the
past
10
years.
People
who
find
music
for
free
online
are
not
paying
for
CDs
or
every
MP3
downloaded.
To
truly
understand
the
influence
of
music
piracy(盗版行为)on
creators,
one
must
understand
how
many
people
are
involved
in
the
recording
process.
For
the
sale
of
each
album,
profits
must
be
shared
among
musicians,
sound
engineers,
music
producers,
managers,
advertisers,
and
the
company
selling
the
product.
Many
people
believe
sharing
music
only
affects
the
recording
artist,
but
the
reality
is
that
sharing
hurts
business
of
all
the
companies
involved.
There
are
many
people
who
don’t
see
the
harm
in
sharing
music
online
and
even
think
they
have
the
right
to
do
it.
One
online
blogger
states
that
he
originally
paid
for
an
entire
CD
and
that
he
should
be
able
to
do
with
the
material
whatever
he
wants.
While
he
may
have
legally
paid
for
the
music,
he
does
not
have
the
right
to
provide
permission,
which
means
people
like
the
blogger
are
thieves.
Although
we
don’t
spread
today’s
music
in
the
same
way
we
did
before,
there’s
no
doubt
that
people
around
the
world
love
to
share
music.
However,
internet
piracy
would
prevent
musicians
from
continuing
producing
albums
for
fear
of
theft.
Therefore,
if
people
want
to
continue
listening
to
their
favorite
artists,
they
need
to
buy
their
music
so
that
artists
will
make
enough
profits
to
continue
their
music
careers.
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
这是一篇议论文。文章论述目前音乐版权问题的严重性,并指出不保护音乐版权的危害。文章结构清楚,写作时可以根据自然段的段意概括要点。注意句子的多样性和句子之间的连贯性。
【参考范文】
In
today’s
society,
it
is
theft
to
share
music
online
without
artists’
permission.(要点1)It
hurts
all
relevant
companies
and
people
involved
in
the
recording
process.(要点2)However,
many
people
take
no
notice
of
the
harm
and
even
think
sharing
music
online
is
their
right,
not
knowing
most
music
is
copyrighted.(要点3)If
we
want
the
musicians
to
continue
producing
albums
for
us
to
appreciate,
we
need
to
protect
musicians’
copyright.(要点4)
Writing
10(2017浙江金丽衢十二校第一次联考)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most
students
experience
a
lot
of
stress
while
preparing
for
exams,
as
both
their
parents
and
teachers
expect
them
to
get
high
scores.
Students
who
feel
anxious
are
likely
to
experience
problems
like
difficulty
in
concentrating
while
studying,
confusion,
feeling
stressed
while
looking
at
difficult
questions,
feeling
blank,
sweating,
sleeplessness
etc.Under
such
circumstances,
they
end
up
scoring
less
than
they
could
have.
Therefore,
it’s
extremely
important
for
students
to
learn
about
how
to
overcome
fear,so
that
they
can
take
their
examination
confidently,
finally
earning
good
grades.
Here
are
a
few
tips
on
ways
to
overcome
exam
fear.
There
are
many
students
who
take
studies
lightly,leaving
everything
to
be
studied
at
the
last
minute.
As
a
result,when
exams
are
around
the
corner,
they
feel
scared,
as
they
don’t
know
where
to
start,
and
what
to
study.
So
the
easiest
way
of
overcoming
this
problem
is
to
start
studying
much
before
the
exam.
Another
common
mistake
that
many
students
make
is
that
they
don’t
make
an
effort
to
understand
the
subject.When
they
have
memorized
things
without
understanding
them,
the
chances
of
forgetting
are
more.
Therefore,
it
is
vital
to
understand
the
concept
before
memorizing
it.
In
this
way,you
will
never
forget
any
important
point.
Besides,
that
the
exams
are
coming
does
not
mean
that
you
have
to
sit
with
your
books
for
the
entire
day,and
students
should
take
regular
breaks
to
relax
and
refresh
their
minds.
However,
they
should
avoid
watching
too
much
TV
and
addicting
themselves
to
the
Internet,
in
which
way,
they
are
more
likely
to
waste
time.
Apart
from
the
tips
above,
here
are
some
points
that
will
help
students
cope
with
exam-related
anxiety.For
example,
before
the
exam,
avoid
studying
anything
new
or
having
conversations
with
your
classmates
about
what
they
have
studied
and
how
much
they
have
studied,
both
of
which
will
make
you
more
nervous.
During
the
exam,
if
you
get
blank
after
seeing
difficult
questions,
ignore
them
for
the
time
being,
and
deal
with
those
you
find
easier.
Once
you
have
completed
them,
go
back
to
the
difficult
ones.
?
?
?
?
答案
【写作提示】
本文指出了学生考前压力产生的原因以及克服的办法。文章包含的信息较多,概括时一定要理清重点信息,把握要点,不要被分支信息分散了注意力。本文的要点信息较多,写概要时要尽量包括进去,不要漏掉信息。
【参考范文】
Most
students
will
experience
stress
during
examination
periods.(要点1)To
overcome
it,
students
should
make
a
good
preparation
ahead
of
time.(要点2)Besides,
understanding
what
you
are
learning
instead
of
just
memorizing
it
matters
greatly.(要点3)Learning
to
relax
properly
before
exams
is
of
benefit.(要点4)It
is
wise
not
to
learn
anything
new
or
talk
with
classmates
about
what
they
have
studied
or
how
much
they
have
studied.(要点5)Clever
methods
during
the
exams,such
as
completing
easy
questions
first,
also
count
in
dealing
with
anxieties.(要点6)(共20张PPT)
专题十七 概要写作
高考英语（浙江专用）
清单一??概括要点的基本技能
考点清单
清单二 概要写作常用关联词
一、顺序
概括要点时,可以使用表示顺序的连接词,这样可以使文章脉络清楚。
first,second,third首先、第二、第三
firstly,
secondly,
thirdly,
finally首先、第二、第三、最后
to
begin
with,then,furthermore,finally首先、然后、其次、最后
to
start
with,next,in
addition,finally首先、然后、其次、最后
first
of
all,besides,last
but
not
least首先、其次、最后但同样重要的是
most
important
of
all,moreover,
finally最重要的、其次、最后
二、并列
as
well
as也
not
only...
but(also)不仅……还
including/included包括
例句:(1)Not
only
do
computers
play
an
important
part
in
science
and
tech-
nology,
but
also
play
an
informative
role
in
our
daily
life.
(2)All
of
us,
including
the
teachers/the
teachers
included,
will
play
a
role
in
it.
(3)E-mail,
as
well
as
telephones,
is
playing
an
important
part
in
daily
communication.
三、对比
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...一方面……另一方面
on
the
contrary与此相反
for
one
thing...for
another
一方面……另一方面
nevertheless然而
compared
to与……相比
in
contrast
with与……成对比
though/in
spite
of尽管
四、递进
even甚至
besides除了……之外(还)
what?s
more还有
as
for至于
so...that如此……以至于
moreover并且
furthermore此外
but
for要不是
in
addition另外
worse
still=what?s
worse=to
make
matters
worse更糟糕的是
例句:Besides,
the
government?s
role
in
this
matter
is
also
very
important.
五、例证
in
one?s
opinion在某人看来
that
is
to
say也就是说
namely即
as
a
matter
of
fact/in
fact事实上
for
example/for
instance例如
例句:(1)As
a
matter
of
fact,
advertisement
plays
an
informative
role
in
our
daily
life.
(2)There
is
one
more
topic
to
be
concerned
about,
namely/that
is(to
say),
the
question
of
education.
六、强调用语
especially特别
indeed确实
at
least至少
at
most最多
not
at
all根本不
or
rather更确切地说
particularly特别地
例句:(1)Noise
is
unpleasant,
especially
when
you
are
trying
to
sleep.
(2)Or
rather,
it
is
a
matter
that
should
be
stressed
by
all
the
sides.
七、因果
thanks
to多亏了
as
a
result结果
because
of/as
a
result
of/on
account
of/due
to因为
owing
to多亏
for
this
reason由于这个原因
例句:(1)The
company
has
a
successful
year,
thanks
mainly
to
the
im-
provement
in
export
sales.
(2)As
a
result,
all
the
people
are
asked
to
get
involved.
八、总结
in
short总之
generally
speaking一般来说
in
my
opinion/view在我看来
briefly/in
brief总之
as
far
as
I?m
concerned我认为
as
you
know正如你所知道的
as
is
known
to
all众所周知
to
sum
up=to
summarize=in
summary/to
conclude总之
例句:(1)Generally
speaking,
sending
an
e-mail
is
more
convenient
than
sending
letters.
(2)In
short,
measures
must
be
taken
to
prevent
the
environment
being
pol-
luted.
九、目的用语
for
this
purpose目的是……
so
as
to
do为了……
in
order
that=in
order
to
do为了……
清单三??易错分析
1.不能准确抓住要点。概要写作的重点是能概括出要点,如果要点
弄错了,那么就失去了目标。如果不能抓住要点,句子写得再好,也不能
得分。因此,抓住要点是关键。抓准要点,除了读懂文章的主旨、了解
文章的结构,还要特别注意一些标志词,如小标题、高频词等。
2.随意打乱文章的结构。概要写作一般会提供结构比较清楚的文章。
而做概要的时候,一般都是按照文章的结构去概括要点。不要轻易打乱
文章的结构。
3.各个要点的独立性不够。考试说明对要点的独立性有明确的要求。
因此,我们对要点的陈述也要有相对的独立性,一般不要把几个要点放
到一个句子当中。
4.照抄原文中的句子。概要写作的独立性除了各个要点的独立之外,其
实还要求用自己的语言去概括文章,不能直接抄原文的句子。因此,切
记要用自己的语言,而不是原文中的句子来概括要点。
清单四??考查标准
考试说明给出了概要写作的评分标准。这既是评分的标准,其实也
是我们平时练习时的参考标准。我们在备考写作时,应该时刻牢记评分
标准,并根据评分标准的要求去练习。
一、评分原则
1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
2.评分时,
先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以
该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。
3.词数少于40的和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际
的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。
档次
描述
第五档
(21-25)
——理解准确,涵盖全部要点。
——能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
——完全使用自己的语言。
第四档
(16-20)
——理解准确,涵盖绝大部分要点。
——所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误,但完全不影响意义表达。
——比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
——有个别整句抄自原文。
第三档
(11-15)
——理解较为准确,涵盖大部分要点。
——所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误,但不影响意义表达。
——应用简单的语句间连接成分,使上下文内容连贯。
——出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第二档
(6-10)
——理解有误差,仅涵盖半数要点。
——有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误,影响了意义的表达。
——较少使用语句间的连接成分,全文内容缺少连贯性。
——出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
第一档
(1-5)
——没有理解原文,造成概要内容与原文主题不符。
——有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误,严重影响了意义的表达。
——缺乏语句间的连接成分,全文内容不连贯。
——多个句子抄自原文。
0
白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
概要写作是对考生综合能力的考查。它既考查考生对文章的理解
和概括能力,又考查在限定词汇内的表述能力。所以,要做好概括写作,
考生必须:
一、读懂原文,把握各段要点。
概要写作所提供的文章,一般是结构比较清楚明晰的议论文或说明文。
这样的文章,各段的段意很明确,而概括写作就是对这些段意的概括。
在写概要之前,一定要认真阅读文章,确保理解文章的主旨、文章的结
构以及各段的段意。在阅读文章的时候,要善于发现核心词和高频词。
这些词汇是概要写作的基础和核心。
方法技巧
二、以自然段为概括的基础。
概要写作的特点决定了自然段的重要性。各段的要点明确。大多数情
况下,一个自然段自成一个要点。以自然段为基础概括会帮助我们不遗
漏信息,判断主要信息。当然,以自然段为基础概括并不是说一个自然
段一定是一个要点。有时几个自然段说明一个要点。有时一个自然段
包含数个要点。
三、细节信息可以略过。
说明文和议论文中,为了表达观点和说明信息,文章需要提供一些具体
的支持性的细节信息,如例举数字、举例、过渡句等。这些属于补充和
辅助信息。在概要写作中不必一一列出。
四、核心词不必替换。
说明文和议论文,尤其是说明文,会有一些核心词,这些词是文章的核心,
概要时不要替换。我们要清楚,核心词是文章的心脏,一般不宜换成其
他词。
五、使用正确的时态。
概要写作的体裁一般是说明文和议论文,因此一般的概括都要用现在
时、完成时或将来时。慎用过去时。
六、写作时句式要多样化。
概要写作是书面化程度比较高的考查题目,因此其表述句式也要多样
化。因此可以酌情选择使用从句、非谓语等结构,合适的语法结构和丰
富的词汇,将原文的要点连贯地组织起来。尽管有字数的限制,但是,作
为一段文字,在组织的过程中还是要注意应用合适的连接词。在组织句
子的时候,也要注意使用比较书面化的句子结构,如从句、分词词组、
特殊结构等。但句子结构不可过长,也不要使用太过复杂的句子结构。
七、努力扩充词汇量。
尤其要注意积累同根词的不同形式。用不同词性的同根词替代原词是
概要写作的重要手段。在概要写作中,有一条标准,即“对各要点表达
的独立性情况”,也就是说,首先,各个要点要用独立的句子表述;其次,要
使用自己的语言总结,不能照搬文章中的句子和结构。这对词汇的要求
很高。因此,我们平时要注意词汇的积累。
八、合理使用句式转换。
有时候,概要写作中会出现主旨句。那么这种情况下,就要使用相应的
句式替换方式。如主动被动的互换、反向转换(主语和宾语互换)、从
句和非谓语动词的转换等。
