2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（共8课时含答案）

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2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（1）


Life-long Learning
In the past，when students graduated from college and got jobs，only some of them went on with their study.But today，life-long learning is becoming more and more common.
Lucy，who is forty，teaches physics at a college in Boston.“Next term，I’ll teach some of classes by using the Internet.This is the way of teaching that I’ve never used before，” says Lucy.“These days，I am taking a class to learn how to teach in this way.If not，I will lose my job.” At the same time，Lucy’s seventy-year-old parents，who live in New York，are taking an art history class online.
Life-long learning means that it’s never too soon or too late for learning.It suggests that a learner’s attitude towards learning is the most important thing.One can and should be open to new ideas，decisions，skills or behaviours.Life-long learning throws the saying “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks” out of the door.Citizens of all ages can have many ways to learn：at work，at home and through leisure activities，not just through formal channels such as school and higher education.Life-long education is a form of pedagogy often done through distance learning or e-learning，continuing education，home-schooling or correspondence courses.It also includes programs for those who want to make themselves suitable for jobs after graduating from universities or colleges.Later in life，especially in retirement，continued learning can take all kinds of forms，from traditional academic courses to recreational activities.
One of the reasons why life-long education has become so important is the fast development of science and technology.Despite the increased learning period of primary，secondary and university education (14～18 years depending on the country)，the knowledge and skills learned there are usually not enough for a professional career in the following three or four decades.
根据短文判断正(T)误(F)
1.Lucy is a physics teacher at a college and she doesn’t study after work.(F)
2.People who have retired can continue to learn in different ways.(T)
Period One　Warm-up & Lesson 1 Life-long Learning—Pre-reading

匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1.backwards　　　　　　 A.v.被充满；膨胀，肿胀
2.correction B.adj.稳定的；无忧无虑的
3.simplify C.adv.由前向后地，向后地
4.secure D.n.改正，改进
5. swell E.vt.简化，使简易
答案　1.C　2.D　3.E　4.B　5.A
[第二组]
6.suspect A.vt.区别，辨别
7.chief B.v.怀疑
8.instruct C.vt.埋葬，掩埋
9.bury D.adj.最高级别的；n.首领
10.distinguish E.v.指导，教导
答案　6.B　7.D　8.E　9.C　10.A

Step 1　Fast-reading
1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.All roads lead to Rome.
B.It’s never too late to learn.
C.Failure is the mother of success.
D.Everyone has his merits.
答案　B

2.Tell whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
(1)Sun Wen is now studying in Qinghua University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Engineering.(　F　)
(2)In the past，if someone failed the college entrance exam，he would have no chance of getting a degree.(　T　)
(3)In recent years，if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years，they could stay there until retirement.(　F　)
(4)Later，Ms Tang thought it a good thing that she was laid off.(　T　)
(5)Grandpa Chen thought the saying “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” true.(　F　)
Step 2　Careful-reading
1.Which of the following is NOT true about Sun Wen according to the passage?
A.She went to Qinghua University right after graduation from high school.
B.She is still working now.
C.She took her courses in the evenings and on weekends.
D.She hasn’t got a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning yet.
答案　A
2.Why was Ms Tang laid off?
A.Because she was too old.
B.Because she hadn’t worked hard enough.
C.Because she had done something wrong.
D.For some reason we don’t know.
答案　D
3.What would Ms Tang most probably do next?
A.To further her study.
B.To go back to the company she used to work for.
C.To set up her own business.
D.To work as a full-time housewife.
答案　C
4.What made Grandpa Chen learn about the Internet?
A.The fees for sending airmails were too high.
B.Surfing the Internet was exciting and interesting.
C.His grandson offered to instruct him on how to email and use the Internet.
D.He didn’t want to switch off his brain.
答案　A
Step 3　Post-reading
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
Nowadays，more and more people of various ages and backgrounds are continuing to study 1.to improve(improve) themselves.
Sun Wen,28 years old，was getting 2.promoted(promote) at work because of her new qualification by continuing education.She failed her college entrance exam.But she gave herself a second chance by studying for a degree in her spare time while 3.keeping(keep) a secure full-time job.
Ms Tang,45 years old,4.was laid(lay) off and became a full-time housewife.However，she soon got 5.bored(bore) and decided to do a business course.Now she has already prepared 6.for setting up her own export company.She thought getting laid off will prove to be the best thing 7.that ever happened to her.
Grandpa Chen,75 years old，is teaching himself new tricks every day.It started 8.when the price of postage went up and it was too expensive to send an airmail to his daughter in the US，so he became an Internet 9.user(use) by asking his grandson to instruct him on how to use the Internet.He thought 10.it wrong to switch off one’s brain and bury everything one has ever learnt after he/she retires.
Step 4　Sentence?learning
1.I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.
[句式分析]　本句是由but连接的并列复合句，前一个分句中含有that引导的宾语从句且此宾语从句中又含有because引导的原因状语从句。
[自主翻译]　我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉头哽咽，让我想哭。
2.I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.
[句式分析]　本句中第二个and连接两个并列句。在第一个分句中“how＋不定式”作宾语；第二个分句中at which引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词speed。
[自主翻译]　我让孙子教我如何发电子邮件，如何使用网络，然后我真正地领略到收信与发信的快速。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Sure，it’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.
And yes，it’s good to get along with your teacher because，in general，it’s smart to learn how to understand the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
“But really，there’s one super-important reason why you should get along with your teacher.When you do，learning bursts right open，” says Evelyn Vuko，a longtime teacher who writes an education column called “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper.
In fact，kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more，but they’re more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help.This makes it easier to understand new materials and do your best on tests.When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher，he or she can be someone to turn to with problems，such as problems with learning or school life，such as bullying.
As a kid in a primary or middle school，you’re at a wonderful stage in your life.You’re like a sponge(海绵)，able to absorb lots of new and exciting information.On top of that，you’re able to think about all this information in new ways.Your teacher knows that，in most cases，is very excited to be the person who’s giving you all that material and helping you put it together.Remember，teachers are people，too，and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching you.That’s why they wanted to be teachers in the first place—to teach!
Some kids may be able to learn in any situation，whether they like the teacher or not.But most kids are sensitive to the way they get along with the teacher，and if things aren’t going well，they won’t learn as well and won’t enjoy being in class.

1.In the passage，the author mainly talks about .
A.how to get along well with others
B.how much the students are expected of to get along with teachers
C.the importance of a good relation with teachers
D.how to make the time in the classroom more pleasant
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sure，it’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.”可知，这是文章的中心句，也是文章的主旨要义。故选C。
2.The sentence “learning bursts right open” in the third paragraph really means “ ”.
A.there will be more problems with learning
B.you find an opening to learning
C.learning becomes easier for you at once
D.there will be no problems at all with learning
答案　C
解析　句意猜测题。根据第四段中的“This makes it easier to understand new materials and do your best on tests.”可知，好的师生关系能使你学习更容易。故选C。
3.Which of the comments on teachers and their work is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Teachers sometimes have the same feelings as students do.
B.Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.
C.Though few，there are still some students who can learn even if they don’t like their teachers.
D.Having a bad relationship with your teachers does more or less harm to your studies.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Your teacher knows that，in most cases，is very excited to be the person who’s giving you all that material and helping you put it together.”可知，在大多数情况下，你的老师会因帮你学到知识而感到兴奋。故选B。
B
Due to the increasing number of violence acts produced in schools all over the world，more and more parents prefer to have their children educated at home rather than at school.This way they can ensure their safety and well-being，although teachers and school representatives are trying to improve the situation in schools by increasing the number of the persons in charge of the safety of the students.
The main reason for violence acts is the films and cartoons that fill the children’s time. They want to do everything they watch on TV and never think of the consequences，and they may hurt a classmate or a teacher.
On the other hand，parents are not fully satisfied with the children’s results obtained in classes and they consider private classes would have better results.
When a teacher has to watch 30 students in class，he can’t probably see what each of them is doing，how he is writing，or if he understands the explanations.At home the teacher can explain in detail everything the child doesn’t understand as many times as he considers proper.
And many times the child grows fond of the teacher at home，who becomes his best friend and who helps him whenever he needs someone to talk to.
However，the best solution would be a mixture between the education received at school and that at home，because school makes children communicate and socialize.Keeping a child at home for fear that something bad might happen to him only makes the child’s character weak and prevents him from knowing what real life is.Staying in a crystal ball only does harm to the child.
All in all，schools have been created to help children，not to harm them，so it’s best to keep children in these special places，where they learn，laugh，have fun and make new friends.
语篇解读　由于校园暴力等原因，很多家长更愿意让孩子在家里学习。本文着重分析了在家学习和在学校学习的优缺点。

4.The writer’s purpose in writing this passage is to .
A.teach parents the ways to keep their children safe
B.show solutions to developing children’s character
C.analyze an education problem and give opinions
D.explain the main reason for violence acts in schools
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。根据全文尤其是最后一段的总结可知，本文分析了教育存在的一个问题并给出了一些建议。故选C。
5.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A.Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Classes
B.Who Is to Blame，Parents or Schools?
C.Which Is Better，School Study or Home Study?
D.The Relationship Between Teachers and Children
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要叙述了在家学习和在学校学习的优缺点。故选C。
6.What do the underlined words “a crystal ball” in the passage refer to?
A.A toy that can be used for entertainment.
B.A safe and comfortable environment.
C.A round object that is made of crystal.
D.An obstacle that is hard to overcome.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Keeping a child at home for fear that something bad might happen to him only makes the child’s character weak and prevents him from knowing what real life is.”可知，因为害怕可能发生不好的事情而让孩子待在家里只会让孩子的个性变弱，阻止他了解真正的生活是什么。故“a crystal ball”指的是一个安全舒适的环境。故选B。
7.We can infer from the passage that .
A.violent TV programs have bad effects on children’s behavior
B.the teacher at home is more patient than the teacher at school
C.children today are weak for lack of sense of right and wrong
D.there are too many students in class for a teacher to teach
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，电视节目中的暴力行为给孩子的身心带来坏的影响。故选A。
C
Is there something that you’ve always wanted to try but just never had the time？Well，make plans to try it now since you are on summer vacation.Not all vacations call for taking a tour bus to take photos of famous landmarks.Some vacations allow you plenty of opportunities to learn.
The most difficult aspect of a learning vacation may be choosing one because the possibilities are endless.If you enjoy cooking，various companies can take you to Italy，France，Spain，Mexico or even Peru.Once there，you can learn to prepare the local cuisine(烹饪).Trips are often planned to fit in with local food festivals or special events.
The term “learning vacation” often brings language to mind.The best way to learn a language is in an environment where it’s spoken.Study Spanish，French or English.Or attempt a more unusual language like Polish，Estonian or Thai.You’ll be able to learn about the country and absorb the culture at the same time.
If you are fond of sports，you can polish your skills or learn new ones.Golf and tennis schools welcome players of all levels.If you want a bigger thrill，you can learn to surf，go climbing or race cars.It’s even possible to learn the art and techniques of bull fighting while on vacation!
You can also discover your inner artist.Many places offer painting classes in different mediums.The scenic locations of the schools offer plenty of subjects that provide inspiration for practice.
If you prefer capturing the world on film，take a photography vacation.Travel with a small group to photograph beautiful animals or scenery.You can also practise your technique on people or at historical sights.
Once you decide on a vacation，choose a company carefully.Request names of recent customers you can contact，and then ask them for an evaluation.The more you know before you go，the better prepared you’ll be.Then go out and learn something!
语篇解读　如果你想尝试一些事情，平时没有时间，那么你可以在假期中去做。本文介绍了几种假期中的学习方法。

8.Why is it hard for you to decide on a learning vacation?
A.Because it is hard for you to make plans.
B.Because the possibilities are unlimited.
C.Because there are many good foods from abroad.
D.Because there’re too many food festivals or events.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“The most difficult aspect of a learning vacation may be choosing one because the possibilities are endless.”可知，假期中有无限的可能性可供选择。故选B项。
9.The advantage of learning a language in its native country is that .
A.the environment is fit for you to use the language
B.you are able to learn the original foreign language
C.native speakers offer you a lot of chances to practise
D.you can learn the language and experience its culture
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段末句“You’ll be able to learn about the country and absorb the culture at the same time.”可知，在当地的语言环境里学习更有利于你掌握这门语言，同时体验当地的文化。
10.Which of the following sports suits you if you don’t like thrills?
A.Car racing. B.Playing tennis.
C.Rock climbing. D.Surfing.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Golf and tennis schools welcome players of all levels.If you want a bigger thrill，you can learn to surf，go climbing or race cars.”可知，如果你不喜欢刺激，可以学打网球。
11.The purpose of writing the text is to .
A.advertise some popular summer programmes
B.encourage readers to have a good time relaxing
C.offer some tips on how to enjoy a learning vacation
D.attract more readers to spend summer time learning
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。本文在第一段的最后提出主题“Some vacations allow you plenty of opportunities to learn.”，下文进行了具体介绍。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
School doesn’t have to be a prison.Whether you find school difficult，boring or just stressful，you can learn to make school easier and bring a lot more fun.Here are some ways to help you.
Try a team sport.Some schools offer team sports that allow you to make friends with your fellow students.Soccer，track and field，basketball and football，can all make school have a little more fun. 12 If you don’t want to play sports，consider joining in the games and cheering for your team with your friends.
13 One of the most stressful parts of school can be making sure you have everything you’re supposed to have.Where’s your English homework? Where’s that math assignment? Is your pencil sharp? The less you have to worry about these little things，the more you’ll be able to focus and enjoy school. 14
Take it easy on your teachers.Teachers are like students：some are great，some are less great.
But teachers are in charge of the classroom.So even if you’re feeling frustrated or bored in class，you should be nice to your teachers. 15
Ask for help if you are having trouble with homework. 16 Make it easy.Ask for help at school by joining an after-class study group，if your school has one.Ask your teacher if you can stay 10－15 minutes after school to ask a few questions about your homework，if you’re embarrassed to ask during class.It’s always better to ask.
A.Stay organized.
B.Manage your homework better.
C.So you can choose one of them to take up.
D.Try to find kids you can talk to and play with.
E.As a result，they will possibly be friendly back to you.
F.Be prepared for class and everything will be easier.
G.If you’re struggling in school，don’t try to take it all on by yourself.
语篇解读　其实没必要把学校看作是监狱，让你觉得无聊、没有自由。这里有一些方法可以让你感到学习更容易、生活更有趣。

12.答案　C
解析　根据前两句可知，作者建议可以参加一些体育活动并列举了其中的几项，所以此处指“你可以选择参加一个”。C项内容承接上文。
13.答案　A
解析　根据后面的“One of the most stressful parts of school can be making sure you have everything you’re supposed to have.”可知，作者建议要对学习需要的物品做到井井有条，有组织。故选A。
14.答案　F
解析　根据前面的“The less you have to worry about these little things，the more you’ll be able to focus and enjoy school.”可知，只有做到把学习需要的物品都准备好，才能更好地集中精力学习。F项内容承接上文。
15.答案　E
解析　根据前面的“So even if you’re feeling frustrated or bored in class，you should be nice to your teachers.”可知，只有做到尊敬老师，老师才会更加喜欢你。故选E。
16.答案　G
解析　根据前后的句子“Ask for help if you are having trouble with homework...Ask for help...Ask your teacher...”可知，作者建议有问题要学会寻求帮助，所以G项内容承上启下。




























































































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2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（2）
Period Two　Warm-up & Lesson 1 Life-long
Learning—Language Points

Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
1.arrow n.箭
2.oxygen n.氧，氧气
3.tick vt.打勾做记号
4.ox n.牛，公牛
5.backwards adv.由后向前地
6.jar n.罐子，坛子
7.secure adj.稳定的；无忧无虑的
8.blank adj.空白的
9.swell v.被充满；膨胀，肿胀
10.throat n.咽喉，喉咙
11.saying n.格言，谚语
12.postage n.邮费
13.airmail n.航空邮政
14.user n.使用者
15.alphabet n.字母表
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
16.拼写 n.spelling→拼写 vt.spell
17.改正，改进 n.correction→改正 vt.correct
18.简化 vt.simplify→简单的 adj.simple
19.怀疑 v.suspect
20.现状；社会地位 n.status
21.最高级别的 adj.chief
22.指导，教导 v.instruct→指导，说明 n.instruction
23.在一边，向一边 adv.aside
24.埋葬 vt.bury
25.区别，辨别 vt.distinguish
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分)
26.坦率地说frankly speaking
27.裁员，解雇lay off
28.aside from除……之外
29.at the moment此刻；当时
30.get bored变得厌倦
31.set up建立
32.go up上升；上涨
33.switch off关掉
34.爆发break out
35.go out外出；熄灭
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题7分，满分35分)
36.It’s never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。
37.Frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but it’s been worth it!
坦白地说，过去的四年很辛苦，但它是值得的！
38. I felt as if I had done something wrong!
我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
39.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。
40.I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet...
我让孙子教我如何发电子邮件，如何使用网络……

重点词汇
Frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but it’s been worth it！
坦白地说，过去的四年很辛苦，但它是值得的！
frankly speaking坦率地说，相当于to be frank(在句中作独立状语)
exactly speaking确切地说 generally speaking一般而言 honestly speaking说实话 personally speaking就我个人而言 strictly speaking严格地说

(1)Frankly speaking，I don’t think the plan will succeed.坦白地说，我认为这个计划不会成功。
(2)Exactly speaking，the accident happened at 4 o’clock sharp in the afternoon.
确切地说，这次事故发生在下午4点整。
(3)Generally speaking，it is hard to master a foreign language in such a short time.
一般来说，在那么短的时间内掌握一门外语是很难的。
(4)Strictly speaking，he’s not qualified for the job.
严格来说，他没有资格做这份工作。
[句型转换]
(5)To be honest，his singing didn’t appeal to me much.
→Honestly speaking，his singing didn’t appeal to me much.
Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.
三个月前，当我的经理告诉我我将要被解雇时，我的大脑一片空白，怒火满腔。
lay off裁员；解雇
lay off doing sth.停止做某事 lay sth.aside把……放在一边；储存…… lay sth.down放下；制定规则、原则等 lay out摆开，铺开；安排，布置

(1)If business continues to be slow，we will have to lay off some workers.
如果生意再继续下滑，我们必须解雇部分劳工。
(2)The doctor advised me to lay off smoking(smoke) for a while.医生建议我戒烟一段时间。
(3)She managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.
她设法每周从工资中存下几镑。
(4)First they had to lay down a plan for the project.
首先，他们必须为这个工程定计划。
[单句改错]
(5)The workforce laid off because they didn’t grasp the advanced technology.
I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.
我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，使我想哭。
suspect v.怀疑；不信任；猜想，料想；n.嫌疑犯
suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb.to be/as...怀疑/认为(猜想)某人…… suspect that...认为……

(1)In that situation I had no reason to suspect her honesty.
在那种情况中，我没有理由怀疑她的诚实。
(2)The young man was suspected of stealing the old car that night.
这个年轻人被怀疑在那天晚上偷了那辆旧汽车。
(3)I suspect that he is the pickpocket.
＝I suspect him to be/as the pickpocket.
我怀疑他就是那个扒手。
[易混辨析]　suspect，doubt
※suspect怀疑……是……，表示确定。
※doubt怀疑……不是……，表示不确定。
[选词填空]　suspect，doubt
(4)We suspected him of taking the money.
(5)I doubt whether Tom has taken my watch.
[高级表达]
(6)The man who was suspected of shooting six children was caught by the police.
(用非谓语动词改写)
→The man suspected of shooting six childrenwas caught by the police.
I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.
我让孙子教我如何发电子邮件，如何使用网络，然后我真正地领略到收信与发信的快速。
instruct vt.教导；指导；讲授
※instruct sb.in sth.教授某人某事 instruct sb.to do sth.指示/吩咐某人做某事 instruct (sb.) that/wh-clause命令/告知(某人)……※instruction n.指导；指示；用法说明 follow the instructions按照说明

(1)The young man instructed me in the use of the new computer.
这个年轻人教我学习怎样使用新电脑。
(2)Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority.
当指令由一个权威人士发出时，墨西哥人可能会保持沉默。
(3)I have instructed them that the meeting has been cancelled.
我已通知他们会议取消了。
(4)Do follow the instructions on the packet carefully while using the tool.
使用这个工具时，一定要仔细按照包装上的说明。
[一句多译]
(5)他们命令他立刻离开他们的国家。
①They instructed him to leave their country at once.(简单句)
②They instructed him that he (should) leave their country at once.(复合句)
And aside from emailing，it’s fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与之交谈也很有意思。
aside from(＝apart from)除……之外
aside from/except for/except除……之外(都) aside from/besides/in addition to除……之外(还)

(1)All of the children like the cartoon aside from Tom.除了汤姆以外所有的孩子都喜欢卡通片。
(2)Aside from Zhang Qiang，there were three other students who were awarded the scholarship last year.除了张强以外，去年还有三位学生被授予奖学金。
[易混辨析]　aside from，besides，except，except for
※aside from除了……(还有)；除了……(别无)。除去部分既可在整体之内，又可在整体之外。
※besides(＝in addition to)除……之外(还有)，常与also，more，other等连用。
※except除……之外(别无)，常与nothing，all，none等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
※except for除了……以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。
[选词填空]　aside from，besides，except，except for
(3)This article is good，except for/aside from a few spelling mistakes.
(4)No one aside from/except her husband knew about her job.
(5)We need three more chairs besides/aside from these two.
[一句多译]
(6)除了有趣之外，看英语录像带还是一种练习听力的好方式。
①Besides being fun，watching English videos is a good way of practicing listening.
②Aside/Apart from being fun，watching English videos is a good way of practicing listening.
③In addition to being fun，watching English videos is a good way of practicing listening.
So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you’ve ever learnt.
很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。
bury vt.埋葬；隐藏；专心致志于
be buried in＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于 bury one’s head/face in one’s hands用手捂住头/脸 be buried in thought沉思

(1)The little boy buried the dead bird under the big tree.
小男孩把死去的鸟埋在了这棵大树下面。
(2)Hearing the news，she buried her face in her hands and began to sob.
听到这个消息，她掩面而泣。
(3)Buried in thought，he didn’t notice that someone coming in.
由于在沉思，他没有注意到有人进来。
[高级表达]
(4)As he was buried in his study，he didn’t know that all the others had left.
→Buried in his study，he didn’t know that all the others had left.(用过去分词改写)
→Burying himself in his study，he didn’t know that all the others had left.(用现在分词改写)
If the room hadn’t been dark，he would have distinguished the two pictures.
如果房间不这么黑的话，他就能分辨出这两幅画了。
distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使有别于；使出众
※distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from...使……有别于……；把……与……区分开 distinguish oneself (as...)使出众；使著名 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的；尊敬的

(1)You’d better teach your son to distinguish between right and wrong.
你最好教会你的儿子辨别是非。
(2)Please tell me how to distinguish a poisonous snake from a harmless one.
请告诉我如何区别毒蛇和无毒蛇。
(3)Sun Yang has already distinguished himself as an athlete in the world.
孙杨作为运动员在世界上已经享有盛名。
(4)As we all know，Premier Zhou is a distinguished(distinguish) politician.
我们都知道，周总理是位卓越的政治家。
[句型转换]
(5)The twins are so alike that no one can tell them apart.
→The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.
经典句式
It’s never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。
too...to...太……而不能……，在大多数情况下表示否定意义。但在以下三种情况下，“too...to...”常表示肯定意义：※“too...to...”结构前带有never，not等否定词时。※“too...to...”结构前有only，all，but等时，意为“非常……”，相当于very。※too后接的是表示某种心情的形容词时，如ready，happy，eager，willing，anxious等。

(1)Hearing the news，he was too nervous to speak.
听到这个消息，他紧张得说不出话来。
(2)Honestly speaking，I’m only too glad to see you.
说实话，见到你我真是太高兴了。
(3)My brother is very kind and he is too ready to help others.
我哥哥很善良，他很乐意帮助别人。
[句型转换]
(4)He was too tired to go on walking any more.
→He was so tired that he couldn’t go on walking any more.
I felt as if I had done something wrong！我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
※as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，可以位于系动词look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引导表语从句，以及act，treat等之后引导方式状语从句。若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示与将来相反的情况，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。※如果as if/though引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。※as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。

(1)Look at the dark clouds! It looks as if it’s going to rain.看那些乌云！好像是要下雨了。
(2)Generally speaking，the Internet functions as if it were my memory.
一般说来，因特网起的作用就好像它是我的记忆。
(3)The child talked to us as if he were(be) a grown-up.那个孩子跟我们讲话就像个成年人一样。
[单句改错]
(4)He is talking loudly there as if he been to every corner in the world.
I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。
It is/was (about/high) time (that)...到了……的时候了，该做……了。该句型中从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。 It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.到(某人)做某事的时间了。 It is/was the first/second...time that...某人第一次/第二次……做某事。

(1)It’s high time that they left/should leave for Beijing.到了他们去北京的时候了。
(2)It is the first time that she has seen such a beautiful park.这是她第一次见到这么美的公园。
(3)It’s time for us to go to school.
到我们去上学的时候了。
(4)It was the second time that the boy had spoken (speak) to a foreigner.
这是男孩第二次和一个外国人交谈。
[句型转换]
(5)It’s time for us to have lunch.
→It’s time that we had/should have lunch.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.There are some spelling(spell) mistakes in your essay.
2.The factory is going to lay off around 150 workers because of the drop in sales.
3.It is high time we took/should take(take) some measures to solve the job problem.
4.Read the instructions(instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
5.Tom raised his hand as if to say(say) something.
6.His face was swollen(swell) up with toothache.
7.Frankly(frank) speaking，he is not so bad as you might think.
8.Aside from the cold weather，the day was perfect.
9.The teacher is looking for a way to simplify(simple) the long text.
10.I have made a small correction(correct) to your report.
Ⅱ.按要求改写句子
11.Tom is so young that he can’t go to school.(too...to...)
→Tom is too young to go to school.
12.Mr Black was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.(be about to...when)
→Mr Black was about to leave when the phone rang.
13.It is time for us to get down to our business.(用虚拟语气)
→It is time that we got/should get down to our business.
14.It is great fun to go swimming in the early morning.(改为感叹句)
→What great fun it is to go swimming in the early morning!
15.He didn’t leave the company until retirement.(强调until短语)
→It was not until retirement that he left the company.

基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He took a step backwards(向后地).
2.The boy learned to distinguish(辨别) a great variety of birds，animals and plants.
3.The girl wanted a job with a more secure(稳定的) future.
4.There was a blank(茫然的) look on the boy’s face.
5.Women’s social status(地位) has changed much over the years.
6.He was suspected of cheating in the last exam.
7.She simplified(简化) the long sentence so that the children could understand it.
8.The factor that distinguishes(区别) this company from the competition is customer service.
Ⅱ.选词填空

9.I hardly watch any television，aside from news and current affairs.
10.How long will it take to set up a chain restaurant in this area?
11.Frankly speaking，I don’t like the movie he recommended to me.
12.Why don’t you lay off smoking until you are any better?
13.He speaks English perfectly as if he had lived in England for many years.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
14.Just at that moment there was a knock on the door.
15.Most of the students suspected the girl of stealing the new pen.
16.There is little time left.You’d better get dressed(dress) now.
17. When I went to see him，he was buried(bury) in a new novel.
18.There is no doubt that global warming is a security(secure) threat to us all.
19.The mother asked her son to read the instructions (instruct) on the box first.
20.As the saying(say) goes，“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
21.You’d better get your brother to help(help) with your English.
Ⅳ.完成句子
22.The old man was too tired to go any farther.
老人太疲倦不能再往前走了。
23.It is high time that you went/should go home to see your parents.
你早该回家看看父母了。
24.The man with long hair looks as if he were a woman.
这个留着长头发的男子看起来好像是个女人。
25.He told me that he was about to/was going to graduate from university.
他告诉我他即将大学毕业了。
26.It was a lot of hard work，but it was worth it.
虽然非常辛苦，但是值得。
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
“This way，everyone，” said the young Bahamian as he led the way to the boat.As the boat moved over the waves，I thought back eleven years to my first island visit via a cruise ship.As we landed，I noticed a sign advertising swimming with dolphins.I looked at my mother；she knew exactly what I wanted，but I was too young.“Maybe some other time，” she said.I think everyone knows that those four words usually translate as “never”.It made me，a little boy，depressed for many days.From that day on，it was my dream to swim with those gentle creatures.
Now，after 15 minutes of travelling，we reached the Sanctuary Bay.As we arrived，I saw the gray creatures showing off their unique talent before my eyes.We were led off the boat，past a back building.Our guide told us we would have the pleasure of spending the next 90 minutes with Kaholo，a young male，and Robola，the largest female，who is quite famous for having played the lead in the film Zeus and Roxanne.
My father and I were joined by four others and followed the guide once more.He told us to jump into the water while he let the dolphins into that part of the bay.For the first 20 minutes，we could go anywhere and touch the dolphins as they swam by.
Kaholo and Robola must have known I was their biggest fan because they swam towards me as if I had had fish.After the introductory period，they jumped over our heads.I got a hug and kiss from Robola，and also learned how to have Kaholo talk to me.
This was by far the most magical experience of my life.Next time your parents say “maybe some other day”，have faith in them.Your dreams are important to them too，and they will do whatever they can to make it possible，because dreams can come true.
语篇解读　作者的梦想是和海豚一起游泳，最后梦想变成了现实。文章告诉我们：梦想确实能变成现实。

27.What was the author’s dream according to the text?
A.Travelling with his parents.
B.Swimming with dolphins.
C.Visiting the Sanctuary Bay.
D.Watching a film played by dolphins.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As we landed，I noticed a sign advertising swimming with dolphins.I looked at my mother；she knew exactly what I wanted，but I was too young...From that day on，it was my dream to swim with those gentle creatures.”可知，作者的梦想是“和海豚一起游泳”。故选B。
28.How did the author feel after the first island visit?
A.Excited. B.Puzzled.
C.Unhappy. D.Energetic.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“It made me，a little boy，depressed for many days.From that day on，it was my dream to swim with those gentle creatures.”可知，在第一次岛上参观之后，作者感觉不高兴。故选C。
29.What did Kaholo and Robola do during the visit?
A.They stayed away from the author.
B.They learnt to have a talk with the author.
C.They had special interest in the author’s fish.
D.They showed a friendly attitude towards the author.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，在参观期间，Kaholo 和Robola对作者展示出友好的态度。故选D。
30.What’s the best title for the text?
A.Dreams Do Come True
B.Play with Dolphins
C.My Parents’ Promise
D.The First Island Visit
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句“Your dreams are important to them too，and they will do whatever they can to make it possible，because dreams can come true.”可知，梦想确实能变成现实。故选A。
Ⅵ.完形填空
A father and his teenage son were out together at a shopping mall one day.The son wanted to buy a new pair of 31 at the sports store.
32 they were making their way through the crowded food store，a young woman holding a number of bags 33 and the contents of several of them spilled (洒出) across the floor.
The son stepped around the woman and continued with the flow only to 34 that his father wasn’t next to him.Looking around he 35 his father bending down and helping the woman 36 the spilled items.
Feeling a bit bad he hadn’t thought to stop and help，he simply stood and 37 from the distance.He was 38 when his father handed the woman her things and she simply took them away without 39 him and said “I can do it myself！” When his father returned，the son expressed his 40 at how impolite the woman had been.
In the sports store the son was so 41 about the incident that he spent most of the time complaining.They soon left without the shoes.
Later at 42 ，the son told his mother the story， 43 her to be just as angry as he was at the woman’s 44 .His mother looked at her husband 45 enjoying his meal and said，“Son，your father left that woman behind hours ago.Why are you 46 with her？”
When we hold onto 47 feelings，all it does is to leave us stuck in the past and 48 to move forward.One of the best things you can do to stay happy is to 49 to let things go.It is okay to show anger and unhappiness. 50 ，don’t let them affect you and how you see the world.
语篇解读　父亲和儿子在商店买东西时，父亲帮一女士捡东西，却没有得到礼貌的回应，儿子对这件事特别生气。其实在生活中最好的能使你高兴的事情就是学会放手过去，不要让愤怒和不愉快影响你的生活和你看待这个世界的方式。

31.A.glasses B.shoes
C.gloves D.trousers
答案　B
解析　根据第五段中的“They soon left without the shoes.”可知，儿子想买一双新鞋。故选B。
32.A.Although B.Because
C.If D.As
答案　D
解析　当他们正穿过拥挤的食品店时，一位抱着几个包的年轻女士摔倒了，包里的东西散落一地。故选D。
33.A.showed up B.fell over
C.went by D.came along
答案　B
解析　根据下文中的“the contents of several of them spilled(洒出) across the floor”可知，那位女士摔倒了。fall over 摔倒。故选B。
34.A.realize B.forget
C.know D.agree
答案　A
解析　儿子绕过那位女士，继续向前走，结果意识到他的父亲不在他身边。 realize意识到。故选A。
35.A.heard B.stopped
C.noticed D.minded
答案　C
解析　四处寻找后，他注意到他的父亲正在帮助那位妇女捡东西。notice注意到。故选C。
36.A.add up B.break up
C.pick up D.make up
答案　C
解析　根据常识可知，此处是父亲弯下腰帮那位女士捡东西。pick up捡起。故选C。
37.A.helped B.watched
C.rested D.shouted
答案　B
解析　他只是站在远处看着。watch观看。故选B。
38.A.shocked B.grateful
C.generous D.frightened
答案　A
解析　父亲把东西递给那位女士，她只是收回东西，没有看父亲，并说她自己能做，所以儿子看到这个场面后感到震惊。shocked 震惊的。故选A。
39.A.joining in B.dealing with
C.standing for D.looking at
答案　D
解析　参考上题解析。 故选D。
40.A.anger B.wish
C.request D.happiness
答案　A
解析　儿子对那位女士的不礼貌感到生气。anger 生气。故选A。
41.A.pleased B.upset
C.interested D.calm
答案　B
解析　根据下文中的“he spent most of the time complaining”可知，儿子对父亲没得到公平对待的事感到烦恼。upset 烦恼的。故选B。
42.A.school B.store
C.dinner D.bed
答案　C
解析　根据下文中的“enjoying his meal”可知，晚些时候，在吃晚饭时儿子把今天发生的事告诉了妈妈。dinner 晚餐。故选C。
43.A.begging B.admitting
C.expecting D.allowing
答案　C
解析　他预测到妈妈会跟他一样对女士的不礼貌感到生气。expect期盼，预测。故选C。
44.A.unhappiness B.carelessness
C.loneliness D.impoliteness
答案　D
解析　参考上题解析。故选D。
45.A.sadly B.personally
C.briefly D.happily
答案　D
解析　妈妈看着丈夫高兴地享用晚饭。happily高兴地。故选D。
46.A.still B.even
C.already D.never
答案　A
解析　你父亲几小时前就离开了那位女士，那你为什么还和她在一起呢？此处指“你还想着这件事”。still仍然。故选A。
47.A.powerful B.valuable
C.different D.unhappy
答案　D
解析　当我们不开心的时候，它所做的只是让我们陷入过去，无法前进。unhappy不高兴的。故选D。
48.A.confident B.unable
C.determined D.willing
答案　B
解析　参考上题解析。unable不能的。故选B。
49.A.refuse B.learn
C.fail D.plan
答案　B
解析　最好的能使你保持开心的事情之一就是学会放手。故选B。
50.A.In addition B.Finally
C.However D.Above all
答案　C
解析　表示愤怒和不愉快是可以的。然而，不要让它们影响你和你看待这个世界的方式。however然而。故选C。
Ⅶ.语法填空
Mr and Mrs Davies had left their Christmas shopping very late.There were only a few days left before Christmas，and of course the shops and streets were terribly 51. (crowd).But they had to get presents 52. their family and friends，so they started out early one morning for the big city，and spent several tiring hours 53. (buy)the things they wanted in the big shops.By suppertime，Mr Davies 54. (load) down with parcels of all shapes and sizes.He could hardly see where he was going as they left the last shop on their way to the railway station.Outside the shop they had to cross a busy street，made even 55. (busy) than usual by the thousands of people 56. had come by car to do their last-minute Christmas shopping.Mr and Mrs Davies had to wait for the traffic lights to change，but as Mr Davies could not see in front of him 57. (proper)，he moved forward into the road without realizing it.Mrs Davies saw this and became worried.Several times she urged her husband to come back，but without 58. (succeed).He could not hear her because of the noise of the traffic.Finally she shouted in 59. loud voice，“Henry！60. you intend to stand in that dangerous position a moment longer，give me the parcels！”

51.答案　crowded
解析　句意为：街道非常拥挤。用形容词作表语，故答案为crowded。
52.答案　for
解析　句意为：他们必须为自己的家人和朋友买礼物。根据句意可知答案为for。
53.答案　buying
解析　spend...(in) doing sth.在做某事上花费……，可知答案为buying。
54.答案　was loaded
解析　文章描述的是过去的事情，所以用过去时；Mr Davies与load之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，答案为was loaded。
55.答案　busier
解析　根据even和than可知此处用形容词的比较级，答案为busier。
56.答案　who/that
解析　此处people作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。
57.答案　properly
解析　副词修饰动词，故答案为properly。
58.答案　success
解析　句意为：几次她催促她的丈夫回来，但都没有成功。without后跟名词或动名词，故答案为success。
59.答案　a
解析　固定词组：in a loud voice用响亮的声音。故答案为a。
60.答案　If
解析　句意为：如果你打算继续站在那个危险的位置，把包裹给我。根据句意可知答案为If。




























































































第 12 页 共 12 页


2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（3）
Period Three　Lesson 2　Different Schools

Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)
1.drill n.练习，训练
2.motto n.格言，座右铭
3.alternative adj.非传统的；另类的
4.reputation n.名誉，名声
5.loose adj.(指言行等)不严谨的，放荡的
6.mild adj.温和的
7.pace n.速度，步速
8.outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共8小题；每小题3分，满分24分)
9.保守的，旧式的 adj.conservative
10.惩罚，处罚 n.punishment→惩罚，处罚 vt.punish
11.少量的，微小的 adj.slight→稍微地 adv.slightly
12.服从，听从 vt.obey
13.接收者 n.receiver→接收 vt.receive
14.反映；反射 vt. reflect→反映；反射 n.reflection
15.挑选 vt.select→挑选 n.selection
16.误解 v.misunderstand→误解 n. misunderstanding
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
17.为……感到自豪be proud of
18.contribute to有助于，导致
19.participate in参加
20.hand out分发
21.decide on决定
22.在某种程度上to a certain extent
23.in the 1970s在20世纪70年代
24.take things easy放松
25.情绪不好in a bad mood
26.落在后面fall behind
27.聚到一起get together
28.复习go over
29.look up向上看，查阅
30.put off推迟
31.占用(时间或空间)take up
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题6分，满分30分)
32.Some schools teach how to pass tests so that the students can go to university.
有些学校教授如何通过考试，以便学生能上大学。
33.Founded in 1896，“Tredona School” is proud of its long list of outstanding past students.
在1896年建立，Tredona 学校为它过去那么多的优秀校友而自豪。
34.Our goal is to contribute tothe students’ whole being by giving each of them real-life skills.
我们的目标是通过给每一位学生真正的生活技能而有助于他们整体的生活。
35.Decide on an environment topic that you’d like to research.
选定一个你想研究的环境主题。
36.I have a slight feeling that you’re angry with me.
我有种轻微的感觉，你生我的气了。
重点词汇
Jack had a “traditional” education and Nicholas had an “alternative” one.
杰克接受过一种“传统的”教育，而尼古拉斯接受过“非传统的”教育。
alternative adj.非传统的；可选择的，可供替代的；另类的；n.可供选择的事物
※an alternative to...……的替代品 have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择 have no alternative but to do...别无选择，只好做…… There’s no alternative but to do...别无选择，只好做……※“别无选择只好做某事”还可表示为： cannot but do sth. have no choice but to do sth. cannot help but do sth.

(1)If this plan is not accepted，we have an alternative one.
如果这个计划不被接受，我们还有另一个计划。
(2)You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet.你有权利说话或者保持沉默。
(3)I have no alternative but to report him to the police.除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。
[一句多译]
(4)我生病了，除了待在家里别无选择。
①I was ill，so I had no choice but to stay at home.
②I was ill，so I had no alternative but to stay at home.
③I was ill，so I couldn’t help but stay at home.
Our school motto reflects the importance we place on good manners，hard work and success.我们学校的校训反映了礼貌、勤奋和成功的重要性。
reflect vt.反映；反射，照出；vi.反射；考虑，深思
※reflect on/upon思考※reflection n.反映；反射；映像；深思 on/upon reflection经再三思考 without reflection轻率，不经思考

(1)Shirley’s strong love for her hometown is reflected in her new songs.
雪莉对家乡强烈的爱在她的新歌中反映出来。
(2)Human beings should reflect on/upon their position in the universe.
人类应当思考他们在宇宙中的位置。
(3)Some stories were a reflection(reflect) of people’s imagination.
一些故事是人们想象力的一种反映。
(4)On/Upon reflection，he decided to go there alone.
经过再三考虑，他决定独自去那里。
[句型转换]
(5)The woman can see herself reflected in the water.
→The woman can see her own reflection in the water.
Due to the limited number of places and our excellent reputation，students should apply early.由于学校的声誉好而且名额有限，学生应早来登记。
reputation n.名声，名誉
have a good/bad reputation有好/坏名声 have a reputation for...以……而闻名 have a reputation as...作为……而闻名 live up to one’s reputation不负盛名；名不虚传

(1)I have never thought of writing for reputation and honor.
我从来没有想过为了名声和荣誉而创作。
(2)Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.
空想家们因为没认识到周围正在发生着什么而声名狼藉。
(3)It is known that Mo Yan has a good reputation as a writer.
众所周知，莫言作为作家而享有盛名。
(4)The weather in England is living up to its reputation.英格兰的天气确实名不虚传。
Well，select another one then.噢，那么再挑选一个吧。
select vt.挑选，选择；选拔
※select sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事 select sb./sth.from从……中挑选出某人/物 select sb.as...挑选某人作为……※selection n.挑选，选择；选拔

(1)Students should read the list with their parents/carers，and select two activities they would like to do.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
学生应该和家长或监护人一起看一下清单，选出喜欢的两项活动。
(2)We selected him to make(make) a speech at the opening ceremony.
我们推选他在开业典礼上做演讲。
(3)She selected a diamond ring from the supermarket.她在那家超市挑选了一枚钻戒。
To a certain extent，you’re right.在某种程度上，你是对的。
to a certain extent在某种程度上
※to some extent在某种程度上 to a great/large extent在很大程度上 to such an extent达到如此程度 to what extent...在多大程度上※in some/a/one way在某种程度上 to a/some certain degree在某种程度上

(1)To a certain extent，I agree with you.
在某种程度上，我同意你的看法。
(2)The paperless work reduces the transaction cost to a great/large extent.
无纸化办公在很大程度上降低了交易成本。
(3)To what extent did he influence your final decision？他在多大程度上影响了你的最终决定？
经典句式
Some schools teach how to pass tests so that the students can go to university.
有些学校教授如何通过考试，以便学生能上大学。
※so that在这里引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……”，相当于“in order that”。so that引导目的状语从句时，常与can，could，be able to连用。※so that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果……；因此……；以致……”。但作此用法时，一般不与can，could，be able to连用。

(1)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
(2018·天津)
我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。
(2)She is ill so that she can’t get out of bed.
她病了，下不了床了。
(3)He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.他吃雪，饮附近溪流的水以便他的身体不会流失太多的水分。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Reflecting(reflect) on his mistakes，Ted realized that he had stayed around the wrong people.
2.What will become of us if the war breaks out?
3.The young man has a reputation for courage.
4.As a result of falling off his bike，he was slightly(slight) hurt.
5.To a certain extent，I agree with what the woman said at the meeting.
6.Mum says I had better pass my exams，or she will sell the computer as a punishment(punish).
7.—I wonder if you are satisfied with my proposal.
—But I prefer to see an alternative one before making a decision.
8.There is still a misunderstanding(misunderstand) about the real purpose of this work.
9.The phone rang and he walked to pick up the receiver (receive).
10.Kathy is so lovely that we all like to play with her.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.She got up early so that she could cook breakfast for her children.
她起得很早以便给孩子做早饭。
12.Founded in 2017，the theme park attracts a lot of visitors every year.
在2017年建立，这个主题公园每年吸引很多游客。
13.Our goal is to make each child have a chance to go to school.
我们的目标是让每个孩子都有机会上学。
14.I have a feeling that you will be in favor of my new plan.
我有种感觉，你会支持我的新计划。
15.The package (that/which) you are carrying is about to come upwrapped.
你拿的包裹快散了。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The restaurant has won a good reputation(名声) because of its good service.
2.My father is a very mild(温和的) man，and he never shouts at us.
3.There is slight(少量的) water on the surface of the floor.
4.Some students do not think it important to obey(遵守) the traffic rules.
5.The painter tried to reflect(反映) the natural life of the Tibetan people in his paintings.
6.His grandmother is over 80，but she’s not conservative(保守的).
Ⅱ.选词填空

7.It is believed that walking every day will contribute to your health.
8.The desk takes up too much space and you’d better remove it.
9.To a certain extent，his new song can help the young people be more active.
10.She doesn’t want to work for others；she wants to set up her own company.
11.When the teacher came in，our monitor was handing out the papers.
12.The sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather.
13.If you are often late for school，you will fall behind others.
14.The exam is approaching and all the students are busy going over their lessons.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
15.The gift selected(select) by my sister was very nice and my mother liked it very much.
16.The woman sat there，reflecting(reflect) on what she did last week.
17.The wind is blowing mildly(mild) and the sun is shining in the sky.
18.In fact，the boy is slightly(slight) different from his twin brother.
19.The news had put her in a bad mood.
20.The man explained it again，for he didn’t want to make himself misunderstood(misunderstand).
21.Designed(design) for children，the album became popular with parents immediately it came out in 2015.
22.The young man didn’t know whether he would escape punishment/being punished(punish) this time.
Ⅳ.完成句子
23.She had no alternative but to ask for a few days’ leave.
她除了请几天假别无选择。
24.We selected her to represent us to attend the conference.
我们选她作为我们的代表参加会议。
25.We decided to hold a meeting so that we might discuss the matter.
我们决定开会以便我们可以讨论这个问题。
26.Frightened by the noise outside，the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.
受到外面噪音的惊吓，这个女孩不敢在卧室里睡了。
27.She couldn’t believe the fact that her son was crazy about computer games at school.
她不敢相信儿子在学校迷恋电脑游戏的事实。
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Since 2000，we’ve gotten many wonderful things like smartphones and driverless cars.But what about what we’ve lost？Let’s look at the following things.
Calculators
They are like tiny computers whose only job is to do math.That is literally all they do.Sure，they could make some amusing swear words.8008 looks like BOOB.And type in 7734 and then turn the calculator upside down and it looks like HELL.But you definitely couldn’t get the weather or your email.
The busy signal
Back in the days of landlines，calling somebody and getting a busy signal used to be annoying.But today，in an age of digital phones，we’d give anything to hear a busy signal，because if you hear one，you have some solid information.The person you are trying to reach is home，just on another call.Going straight to voicemail can mean anything.But that beep-beep-beep is a reason for hope!
Computer labs
In high schools and colleges in the past，there was a specific room where they kept all the computers.Nobody had his or her own computer.Back then that was as absurd as saying “I could fly commercial，but I prefer to fly my own plane.” So you went to these rooms and used one of the computers，and then you left and you didn’t have access to a computer again until you went back to that room！Nowadays everyone has his or her own computer.
语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。随着科技的进步，许多东西已经不适合这个时代了，文章介绍了其中三件几乎已经过时的东西。

28.Calculators are rejected mainly because .
A.they are not easy to keep
B.they have only one function
C.they are not of good quality
D.they have the wrong weather report
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的介绍可知，计算器只有计算功能，偶尔可以用来拼写几个有趣的脏话。除此之外，别无他用。由此可知，功能单一是计算器被淘汰的理由。故选B项。
29.What can we know from the last paragraph?
A.People liked to travel by air in the past.
B.Few people had time to joke with each other.
C.Few people liked to use a computer then.
D.No student had a personal computer then.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In high schools and colleges in the past...Nobody had his or her own computer.”可知，那个时候，没有学生拥有私人电脑。故选D项。
30.What do the three things have in common according to the passage?
A.They have nearly become out of date.
B.They have been hi-tech products.
C.They have helped develop the economy.
D.They have promoted modern technology.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。文章介绍的这三件东西都是几乎已经过时的东西。故选A项。

B
Twelve years ago，I was a 19-year-old guy living in the French Alps.In February 2004，while skiing in the back country in Val d’Isere，I fell off the mountain，resulting in a right leg broken in several pieces.I was helicoptered to hospital，operated on immediately—and there started my adult life.
Before the accident，I was on a path to what I hoped would be a career in rugby.Afterwards，any participation in collision sport was gone.I found a replacement in cycling.Unfortunately，by late 2012，I tried to cycle up Mount Ventoux，but it was halfway up when the pain hit me and I gave up.
A decision needed to be made on a next step.I had to have my lower right leg cut off.Several months later，I had my first proper weight-bearing prosthetic(假肢).I jumped on a train with my bike to Mount Ventoux.Though it certainly wasn’t my quickest，I did it.
Two weeks later，I was lucky enough to be given a running blade；I bounced on it that day and then raced my triathlon(三项全能).So，that was me，up and running—almost 12 years since I had last run.
Along with my running coach，I completed a “make every kilometre count” programme of four runs per week alongside a busy cycle，swim and gym schedule.So far this year，I have raced a 10k with an unexpected personal best in January of 38：04.I have my first speed triathlon in late March before heading to North Korea to compete in the Pyongyang Marathon on 10 April.
If my lifetime allows，I will attempt to race in every country in the world.In the meantime，I’ll keep on running—and，when it hurts and I’m low on motivation，I’ll remember how far I’ve come and how much further I’ve got to go.
语篇解读　十二年前作者在一次滑雪时从山上掉下来，摔断了一条腿，安上了假肢，然而他并没有向现实妥协。后来他不断超越自己，突破自己的极限，刷新自己的跑步记录。

31.What had been the author’s special interest before the accident?
A.Skiing. B.Running.
C.Cycling. D.Rugby.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Before the accident，I was on a path to what I hoped would be a career in rugby.”(在事故发生前，我正走在我所希望的橄榄球职业生涯的道路上。)可知选D。
32.How was the author’s second try of cycling up Mount Ventoux?
A.He fell off and was seriously hurt.
B.He gave up because of great pain.
C.He was the quickest to get to the top.
D.He succeeded in getting to the top.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。 由第三段最后一句“Though it certainly wasn’t my quickest，I did it.”(虽然这肯定不是我最快的速度，但我做到了。)可知选D。
33.What is the author’s wish?
A.To race all over the world.
B.To participate in collision sport.
C.To cycle up Mount Ventoux again.
D.To compete in the Pyongyang Marathon.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“If my lifetime allows，I will attempt to race in every country in the world.”(如果可以，我想倾尽一生的时间去跑遍世界的每个角落。)可知选A。
34.Which of the following words best describes the author?
A.Enthusiastic. B.Considerate.
C.Determined. D.Generous.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，作者为了实现继续奔跑的目标而下定决心，坚定不移。故选C。
Ⅵ.七选五
Reasons to Take Part in Student Clubs and Organizations
Many college students don’t know what they’re missing by not taking part in the student clubs and organizations that are offered at most colleges and universities.Taking part in one can be a rich and rewarding experience. 35 Check them out and see what’s available.Here are a few reasons why you should take part in student clubs and organizations.
Meet new people.
It can be hard to meet new people in college，especially in your first year. 36 However，in a club，you’ll find yourself in a smaller group of people who likely share your interest.
Help your major.
There are many student clubs and organizations for different majors and departments.Such clubs can be a lot of fun as well as a great academic resource for you.By joining an academic club you will probably have an easier time to know professors in your departments. 37
Learn important leadership skills.
Student clubs and organizations can be a good way to learn important leadership skills that would look great on job applications. 38 These skills could be event planning，finance management，and so on.Find a club that you love being a part of and if you work hard you might be able to gain such a position.
39
Lastly，student clubs and organizations can simply be a lot of fun.Make sure to take advantage of student clubs and organizations to make the most of your time in college!
A.Have fun.
B.Class sizes can be big.
C.Never waste energy.
D.Take advantage of your major.
E.In a club，you will be able to gain other important skills.
F.So don’t just walk past those tables during clubs week.
G.And you might even get access to study skills and other academic advice.

35.答案　F
解析　上一句提到“参加一个大学里的俱乐部和组织是一段丰富且值得的经历”。后一句提到“把它们都检查一遍，看看哪个是可以参加的”。这里的them指的是那些俱乐部和组织，所以F选项“因此，在俱乐部周期间不要只是经过这些桌子”切题。
36.答案　B
解析　上一句提到“在大学里，结识新朋友是很难的，尤其是在入学的第一年”。下一句提到“但是，在一个俱乐部里，你会发现自己在更小的群体里与人分享自己的兴趣”。所以这里指的是参加俱乐部和组织能使你所在的大群体变小。所以B选项“班级规模可能很大”切题。
37.答案　G
解析　本段的主题是说参加俱乐部对你的专业有帮助。上一句提到“通过加入学术俱乐部，你可能会更容易了解你的学院的教授们”。故G选项“你甚至可能会获得学习技能以及其他的学术建议”切题。
38.答案　E
解析　该段主要讲的是参加俱乐部和组织能够学到领导的技巧。空后一句提到“这些技能可能是活动策划，财务管理等等”。故F选项“在俱乐部里，你可以获得其他重要的技能”切题。选项中的skills与文中的skills相对应。
39.答案　A
解析　本空是这一段的主题句。根据下文所介绍的内容可知，学生俱乐部和组织可能是非常有趣的。故A选项“玩得开心”切题。
Ⅶ.短文改错
During the last summer holiday，I went on a journey to Beijing，that I visited the Great Wall and the Palace Museum.Much to their surprise，there were so much visitors in all the scenic spots that I had to push my way through the crowd.To be honesty，I had a hard time all the way and didn’t find the visit enjoyable or worthwhile at all.
As far as I am concerning，many people have the same experience，so I think that the number of tourist in some popular places of interest should be limited.In an addition，it’s better for us travel at different time periods.Only on this way can we enjoyed the beautiful scenery there.
答案
During the last summer holiday，I went on a journey to Beijing， I visited the Great Wall and the Palace Museum.Much to surprise，there were so visitors in all the scenic spots that I had to push my way through the crowd.To be ，I had a hard time all the way and didn’t find the visit enjoyable or worthwhile at all.
As far as I am ，many people have the same experience，so I think that the number of in some popular places of interest should be limited.In an addition，it’s better for us travel at different time periods.Only this way can we the beautiful scenery there.




























































































第 14 页 共 14 页


2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（4）
Period Four　Lesson 3　Teachers

Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共8小题；每小题2 分，满分16分)
1.angle n.角
2.triangle n.三角形
3.atom n.原子
4.powder n.火药
5.flame n.火焰，火舌
6.acid n.酸
7.onion n.洋葱
8.glue n.胶，胶水
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共8小题；每小题3分，满分24分)
9.倒，灌 vt.pour
10.缺乏，没有 vt.lack
11.吐口水，吐痰 vi.spit
12.拖，拉 vt.drag
13.(使用或见到的)机会，权利 n. access→可获得的 adj.accessible
14.值得努力的 adj.worthwhile
15.间谍，特务 n.spy
16.同伴 n.fellow
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共8小题；每小题3分，满分24分)
17.合计为add up to
18.for the first time第一次
19.使爆炸，引发set off
20.give a presentation to sb.给某人做展示
21.ask for请求……；要求……
22.have access to有机会使用……
23.be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
24.all the time一直

Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题，每小题9分，满分36分)
25.I had no idea what an atom was and I didn’t really want to know either!
我不知道原子是什么，而且我也真的不想知道！
26.I know that I wasn’t a willing student and I shouldn’t have been so difficult at school，but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.
我知道自己不是一个特别上进的学生，我也知道自己本来不该那么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
27.Sometimes I wish I could phone himand ask for his opinion!
有时候我真希望能打个电话问问他的意见！
28.Once I caught him and a friend seeing who could spit the furthest off the school stage!
有一次我当场捉到他和一个朋友比赛看谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最远！
Ⅰ.Tell whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
1.Mr Jenkins made class lively but Graham didn’t like science.(　F　)
2.As a science teacher Mr Jenkins often shows and explains how something works or how to do something.(　T　)
3.Graham often phones his former teacher to ask for his advice.(　F　)
4.Mr Jenkins would like to be a teacher because he is proud of his excellent students.(　T　)
5.Now the number of the class is large so it is difficult for the teacher to guide them.(　T　)
6.Mr Jenkins thinks teaching is a job with less stress.(　F　)
Ⅱ.Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1.Why does Mr Jenkins love teaching?
A.Because he wants to earn money.
B.Because his parents force him to be a teacher.
C.Because it is his dream to be a teacher.
D.Because he enjoys the feeling when he knows he has done something worthwhile.
答案　D
2.According to the text，which statement is TRUE?
A.Graham and Mr Jenkins often meet each other after Graham’s graduation.
B.Graham was interested in science before Mr Jenkins taught him.
C.In Mr Jenkins’ opinion，Graham is clever.
D.Teaching is easier than before.
答案　C
3.What subject does Mr Jenkins teach?
A.Science. B.French.
C.Math. D.Geography.
答案　A
4.When did Graham become interested in the science subject?
A.After he got high marks in the subject.
B.After he watched something interesting about science on TV.
C.After he attended Mr Jenkins’ class.
D.When he saw Mr Jenkins the first time.
答案　C
5.It was likely that Graham was greatly impressed by .
A.Mr Jenkins’ interesting teaching method
B.Mr Jenkins’ courage
C.Mr Jenkins’ witness
D.Mr Jenkins’ persistence
答案　A

重点词汇
I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.
我记得当时他让我将一些火药倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使之发射。
pour v.注，倒，灌(液体)；流出，(雨)倾盆而下
pour sb.sth.(＝pour sth.for sb.)给某人倒…… pour down倾注，倾泻 pour out倾诉 pour (sth.) into sth.注入；向……投入(金钱)

(1)Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊流下来。
(2)We’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.
我们将往一个短而宽的玻璃杯里倒入比一个高而细的玻璃杯里多30%的液体。
(3)He poured out his troubles to me over a cup of coffee.
他一面喝着咖啡，一面向我倾吐着他的烦恼。
[句型转换]
(4)It was pouring with rain so I accepted his offer of a lift.
→It was raining heavily so I accepted his offer of a lift.
set off使爆炸；引发，激起；出发，启程
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中set off的汉语意思
(5)The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields.出发
(6)As a traditional way to celebrate the New Year，setting off firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.使爆炸
(7)The question set off a lively discussion.引发
set aside省出，留出(钱或时间)；把……放到一旁 set down放下；写下，记下 set out动身，出发；开始(后接不定式) set up建立，设立 set about doing sth.着手做某事

(8)The government has set out to make(make) many needed reforms.
政府已经开始做出很多必要的改革。
(9)They want to set up their own import-export business.他们想建立自己的进出口公司。
(10)After some discussion，the people set about doing (do) some research work.
讨论之后，这些人开始做一些研究工作。
I know that I wasn’t a willing student and I shouldn’t have been so difficult at school，but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.
我知道自己在学校里不是一个特别上进的学生，我也知道自己本来不该那么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
lack vt.& vi.缺乏，没有；n.缺乏，短缺
※lack (for) nothing什么也不缺 (a) lack of缺乏…… no lack of...充足的，不缺少 for/through lack of因缺少……※lacking adj.缺少的，不足的 be lacking in sth.缺少某物

(1)It is clear that the little girl lacks confidence.
很明显，这个小女孩缺乏自信。
(2)You can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship.
当人际关系中缺乏信任时，你不可能成功。
(3)The theatre had to close for/through lack of support.这家剧院光顾者很少，只好关门。
[一句多译]
(4)对当地习俗缺乏文化差异的了解可能会造成一些问题。
①A lack of awareness of culture difference to local customs can cause problems.(lack)
②Being lacking in awareness of culture difference to local customs can cause problems.(lacking)
The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.
作为老师，你可以在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时进入他们的内心。
access n.(使用或见到的)机会，权利；通道，通路；v.到达；进入；使用
※have/get/obtain/gain access to...拥有……的机会；可以接近；可以进入 give access to接近；准许进入※accessible adj.可接近的，可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to...对于……可接近的，可靠近的；可使用的

(1)People are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date.人们正在学习如何组织大量的信息，以便他们在以后能够使用。
(2)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.
(2018·江苏)
孩子们不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿看到的东西。
(3)The island is accessible(access) only by boat.
只有乘小船才能到达这座岛屿。
[句型转换]
(4)Every student in this school has access to the new library.
→The new library is accessible to every student in this school.
经典句式
I had no idea what an atom was and I didn’t really want to know either！
我不知道原子是什么，而且我也真的不想知道！
※本句中抽象名词idea的后面跟了一个由what引导的同位语从句，用来说明idea的具体内容。what在从句中作表语。※同位语从句跟在一个名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。后跟同位语从句的常见名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的关系词有that，whether，what，when，where等。

(1)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should work overtime these two days to finish the task on time.经理提了个建议——我们应该在这两天加班才能按时完成任务。
(2)There is a possibility that the company will suffer a great loss this month.
公司这个月有可能将遭受巨大损失。
(3)We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务。
(4)There is no doubt that they will benefit from regular exercise.
毫无疑问，他们会从有规律的锻炼中受益。
I know that I wasn’t a willing student and I shouldn’t have been so difficult at school，but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.
我知道自己在学校里不是一个特别上进的学生，我也知道自己本来不该那么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事而实际未做”，其否定式意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。 should have done有时表示“竟然做……”的语气。 needn’t have done表示做了不必做的事，而“didn’t need to do”，意为“其实没必要做……，实际上也没有做”。 ought to have done表示动作按理该发生，但实际上未发生。 could have done表示过去本能够做却未做。

(1)—Sorry，Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh，it’s too bad.You should have made full preparations.
——对不起，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。
——哦，那太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。
(2)It’s fine today.You needn’t have taken the umbrella.今天天气不错，你没必要带雨伞。
(3)You could have handed in your homework on time.你本能够按时交上你的家庭作业的。
[单句改错]
(4)You should have stayed at home to do your homework，but you .

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It is worthwhile reading/to read(read) the book.
2.The library in the city is accessible(access) to people at weekends.
3.I find it difficult to work out such a hard problem.
4.He was caught cheating(cheat) in the exam by the teacher.
5.Lacking(lack) experience，he didn’t get hired that time.
6.I have no idea what he will do with them all，and it has taken up a lot of time.
7.The woman was standing by the river，pouring(pour) some waste water into it.
8.She’s a very hard worker and very eager to learn(learn) new skills.
9.The mother set about painting(paint) the wall as soon as she arrived.
10.What he said at the ceremony set off a heated discussion among us.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.The first day I entered the firm，the boss gave me very hard work to do.
我第一天进公司，老板就给了我很难的工作做。
12.I’m sorry for being late.I should have phoned you earlier.
很抱歉我迟到了。我本该早些给你打电话的。
13. The party was awful，and we all wished we had never been there.
派对很令人讨厌，我们都但愿没去过那里。
14.It is worthwhile to consider this point more closely.
更深入地考虑这个观点是值得的。
15.I have no idea whether the information is accessible to the public.
我不知道这些信息是否会对公众公开。

基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I’ve poured(倒入) coffee into your cup by mistake.
2.It is worthwhile(值得的) to ask him to join the club.
3.The poor family lacked(缺乏) the money to send the boy to university.
4.We dragged(拖) the fallen tree to the side of the road.
5.The flame(火焰) of the burning candle soon went out.
6.It is impolite to spit(吐痰) in public.
7.The man used some glue(胶水) and paper to make the kite.
8.Does the old man have access(机会) to the new house?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9.The other day I caught him removing(remove) the computer from the room.
10.The girl had no chance to go to school because of lack of money.
11.She was born in a remote village and she came to that city for the first time last year.
12.I had no idea how I could persuade my father to give up smoking.
13.I wish I had(have) enough money to help the poor children out now.
14.Why not go to the teacher’s office and ask for some advice?
15.This novel is worthy of being made(make) into a film.
16.The poor children there are eager to receive(receive) some education.
Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
17.Lacking of money，the young man couldn’t realize his dream of setting up a company.
18.I have no idea has made her so angry today.
19.The bomb set off that night and pulled down the old house.
20.She is willing to donate money to a cause.
21.Computers should be made accessible both teachers and students.
Ⅳ.完成句子
22.He got/was caught cheating in the exam by his teacher.
他考试作弊被老师抓住了。
23.The news that our team won the game makes us delighted.
我们队赢得了比赛的消息令我们很高兴。
24.I should have given him a hand，but I was too busy at the time.
我本应该帮助他的，但当时我太忙了。
25.I have no idea/don’t know who can persuade him to give up computer games.
我不知道谁能说服他放弃网络游戏。
26.Reminded by his colleague，he was still late for the meeting that day.
虽然被同事提醒过了，那天开会他还是迟到了。
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
In today’s world of smart phones and notebook computers，most people have at least one time—telling thing with them.Since these digital products are so common，is time running out for the 500-year-old watch? According to some consumers，the answer is yes.New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function”.Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time.It is said that fewer young people wear watches today than ten years ago.As a result，some people say that the watch industry is at a crossroads.
However，watchmakers optimistically say that watches regain popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s.By then，they are willing to spend money on a quality watch that doesn’t just keep good time.Fifty years ago，watchmakers took pride in their products’ accuracy.But in recent years，the watch industry has changed itself into an accessory business.And today，the image a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.
“Complications”—features that go beyond simple timekeeping—are an important part of a watch’s image.Today’s watches offer lots of features that meet almost any personality.These features include compasses，USB drivers，and even other functions.
Creativity also plays a key role in designing today’s watches.For example，Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don’t even look like watches.The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time.It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.
Whether a watch communicates fashion sense，or creative talent of a love sports，consumers want their watches to stand out.Nowadays，everyone has the same kind of gadget(配件) in their bags，so people want to make a statement with what’ s on their wrists.Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell!
语篇解读　随着科技的进步，手表的主要功能——告知时间，已经成为了附属功能。科技赋予手表更多的功能和时尚。

27.What can we know from the first paragraph?
A.As most people see，watches are out of fashion.
B.The watch industry will close down sooner or later.
C.Some people feel that watches have been of no use.
D.There are so many choices of watches for teenagers today.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is ‘an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function’.Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time.”可知，一些人认为手表已经没有用了，故选C。
28.Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to .
A.tell that today’s watches need more imagination
B.show why Shinshoku watches are popular
C.advertise Shinshoku watches made by Tokyoflash
D.make a comparison between watches and bracelets
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据本段中的“The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time.It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.”可知，举例是为了说明现在的手表讲究设计的创造性，即需要更多的想象力，故选A。
29.What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.Japanese Watches Stand Out
B.Watches Tell More Than Time
C.Watch Industry Is in a Bad Situation
D.Watches Are Becoming Less Popular
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。根据本文的大意可知，现在手表不仅仅告知人们时间，还增加了越来越多的功能，故选B。
Ⅵ.完形填空
I used to believe in the American Dream，which meant a job，a mortgage(按揭)，credit cards，success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else，all of us 30 chasing the same thing.
One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell 31 .I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56.I 32 the countryside for some place I could rent for the 33 possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 34 the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was 35 ，full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner，rented it，and 36 a corner to camp in.
The locals knew nothing about me， 37 slowly，they started teaching me the 38 of being a neighbor.They dropped off blankets，candles，and tools，and began 39 around to chat.They started to teach me a belief in a 40 American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of 41 .
What I had believed in，all those things I thought were 42 for a civilized life，were nonexistent in this place. 43 on the mountain，my most valuable possessions were my 44 with my neighbors.
Four years later，I moved back into 45 .I saw many people were having a really hard time， 46 their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to 47 a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house，but over time I’ve had nine people come in and move on to other places.We’d all be in 48 if we hadn’t banded together.
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.It’s not so much about what I can get for myself；it’s about 49 we can all get by together.
语篇解读　作者曾经以为美国梦就是追求个人的成功；后来，在遭遇一系列不幸后，作者在乡村生活四年的经历和感受使得作者对美国梦有了新的认识和深刻感悟，也就是如何实现大家共同的成功。

30.A.separately B.equally
C.violently D.naturally
答案　A
解析　句意为：我们都在各自地追求同样的事物。separately各自地；equally平等地；violently猛烈地；naturally自然地。
31.A.off B.apart
C.over D.out
答案　B
解析　句意为：经历了一系列的不幸，一切都破碎了。fall off跌落，掉下；fall apart崩溃，破碎；fall over跌倒，摔倒；fall out掉队，争吵。
32.A.crossed B.left
C.toured D.searched
答案　D
解析　句意为：我在农村寻找一处租金最便宜的地方。cross横穿；leave离开；tour旅游；search搜寻。
33.A.fullest B.largest
C.fairest D.cheapest
答案　D　
解析　根据上文语境，我无家可归并只剩下卡车和56美元，故应是以尽可能便宜的价格租下住所。
34.A.at B.through
C.over D.round
答案　C
解析　句意为：我在西弗吉尼亚州偶然找到了一处破旧的房子，它位于Potomac河上一条崎岖的山路上方。
35.A.occupied B.abandoned
C.emptied D.robbed
答案　B
解析　句意为：它被废弃了，到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾。occupy占领，占据；abandon废弃，遗弃；empty腾空，变空；rob抢劫。
36.A.turned B.approached
C.cleared D.cut
答案　C
解析　句意为：我找到了房子的主人，租下它，打扫干净一个角落暂住下来。
37.A.but B.although
C.otherwise D.for
答案　A
解析　句意为：当地人对我一无所知，但是，慢慢地他们开始教我成为邻居的艺术。
38.A.benefit B.lesson
C.nature D.art
答案　D
解析　benefit利益，好处；lesson课程，教训；nature自然；art艺术。
39.A.sticking B.looking
C.swinging D.turning
答案　A
解析　句意为：他们放下毛毡、蜡烛和工具，并且开始留下来聊天。stick around徘徊，逗留；look around环视；swing around到处摇摆；turn around转身。
40.A.wild B.real
C.different D.remote
答案　C
解析　句意为：他们开始教会我另一种不同美国梦的信念，它不是个人的成就而是睦邻友好之梦。
41.A.neighborliness B.happiness
C.friendliness D.kindness
答案　A
解析　由上文可知，让作者感动的是邻里之间的和睦关系。neighborliness和睦，邻人之谊；happiness幸福；friendliness友好；kindness善良。
42.A.unique B.expensive
C.rare D.necessary
答案　D
解析　句意为：我最初相信的那些在文明生活中必需的东西在这个地方是不存在的。
43.A.Up B.Down
C.Deep D.Along
答案　A
解析　句意为：在这座山上，我最有价值的财产是与邻居的关系。up在上文中有出处。
44.A.cooperation B.relationships
C.satisfaction D.appointments
答案　B
解析　cooperation合作；relationship关系；satisfaction满意；appointment预约。
45.A.reality B.society
C.town D.life
答案　C
解析　句意为：四年后，我搬回了城市。根据上文的countryside可推出。
46.A.creating B.losing
C.quitting D.offering
答案　B
解析　句意为：我看到许多人生活艰辛，失去工作和住所。create创造；lose失去；quit放弃；offer提供。
47.A.put in B.turn in
C.take in D.get in
答案　C
解析　句意为：我租了一间足够大的房子，可以容纳许多人。put in放入，提交；turn in上交，告发；take in收容(某人)，收留(某人)住宿；get in进入，收获。
48.A.yards B.shelters
C.camps D.cottages
答案　B
解析　句意为：如果我们不团结起来，我们都将流落到住到庇护所里的地步。yard庭院；shelter庇护所，收容所；camp营地；cottage小村庄。
49.A.when B.what
C.whether D.how
答案　D
解析　句意为：它并不关乎我们为自己得到什么，而是关乎如何一起渡过难关。
Ⅶ.语法填空
Do you ever stop and think about this big，beautiful world we live in? It’s home 50.
so many people and animals.We all live in this amazing place，so we all have the
51. (responsible) to take care of it，too.
A long time ago，I started thinking about what I could do to help take care of the planet.I wondered 52. I could use my talents for good.I love creating websites and making art and designing clothes.That’s what 53. (inspire) me，at age 8，to start an online company.I donated part of my profits to organizations 54. (try) their best to save our environment.After I launched my business，I started getting 55. (invite) to give presentations to young people about my company and the environment.I also talked about something else that is 56. (mean).
One thing I’ve learned is that a lot of people feel like 57. small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won’t make a difference.But that’s not true！58. (actual) when it comes to saving our environment，every small action counts.The 59. (tiny) thing is better than the greatest intention.
语篇解读　作者对保护环境非常重视，在本文中分享了自己的一些做法，号召大家行动起来保护环境。

50.答案　to
解析　考查介词的用法。句意为：它是许多人和动物的家园。be home to...是……的家园。
51.答案　responsibility
解析　考查词性转换。冠词后接名词。responsibility n.责任。
52.答案　how
解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：我想知道如何才能把我的才能发挥得更好。 故用how引导宾语从句。
53.答案　inspired
解析　考查动词的时态。根据句中的at age 8可知，此处用一般过去时。
54.答案　trying
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，表示主动。
55.答案　invited
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：我开始被邀请去……。此处是get done结构。
56.答案　meaningful
解析　考查词性转换。此处是形容词作表语，meaningful adj.有意义的。
57.答案　a
解析　考查冠词的用法。contribution是可数名词，此处表示泛指。
58.答案　Actually
解析　考查词性转换。此处是副词位于句首，修饰整个句子。
59.答案　tiniest
解析　考查形容词的用法。根据句中的the greatest可知，此处也用最高级。




























































































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2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（5）
Period Five　Lesson 4　Understanding

Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分)
1.rank n.职衔
2.bureaucratic adj.官僚的
3.religion n.宗教
4.shadow n.阴影，影子
5.conventional adj.传统的，保守的
6.kingdom n.王国
7.civilisation n.文明
8.vital adj.极其重要的
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分)
9.获得，得到 vt.acquire
10.思考，考虑 n.thinking
11.值得的 adj.worthy
12.保卫，保护 n.defence→保卫，保护 vt.defend
13.忽视，不顾 vt.ignore→无知的 adj. ignorant
14.不情愿的 adj.unwilling→愿意的 adj.willing
15.假定，假设 n.assumption→假定，假设 vt. assume
16.赞成，认可，满意 vt.approve→同意，赞同 n.approval
17.力劝，强烈要求 vt.urge→紧急的 adj.urgent
18.启发，鼓舞vt.inspire→鼓舞，灵感 n.inspiration
19.有用的，有益的 adj.beneficial→好处，益处 n. benefit
20.比喻，景象，形象 n. image
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分)
21.to start with首先
22.be accustomed to习惯于
23.违背go against
24.more...than...与其说……不如说……
25.往往会，倾向于tend to
26.be unwilling to do sth.不乐意做某事
27.instead of代替，而不是
28.提出put forward
29.赞成，赞许approve of
30.search for寻找……
31.at times有时
32.换句话说in other words
Ⅳ.完成句子(共4小题；每小题10分，满分40分)
33....were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
……常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。
34.It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BC).
人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－322年)提出来的。
35. They didn’t want to challenge what they’d always thought was true.
他们不想挑战他们向来认为正确的东西。
36.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.
但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了很多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。
Ⅰ.Tell whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
1.People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.(　T　)
2.Most people in Bacon’s time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.(　F　)
3.People believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle was wrong.(　F　)
4.Galilei proved that the Earth wasn’t the centre of the universe，but he also made a mistake.
(　T　)
5.We will get more knowledge about the world since men never stop thinking and researching.
(　T　)
Ⅱ.Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1.What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding?
A.To find answers.
B.To study the facts.
C.To test answers.
D.To put forward questions.
答案　D
2.Who solve problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage?
A.People nowadays.
B.People in the 17th century.
C.Modern scientists and thinkers.
D.The great philosopher Aristotle.
答案　C
3.People in the 17th century didn’t believe Galileo Galilei because .
A.they believed more in religion
B.the Earth was standing still
C.Bacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the center of the universe
D.Galilei couldn’t prove his view that the Earth was not the center of the universe
答案　A
4.What’s the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph?
A.Aristotle was wrong.
B.It’s unbelievable for great men to be wrong.
C.Galilei was wrong.
D.Everyone can be wrong at times.
答案　D
5.What’s the main idea of the sentence “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”？
A.All truths are easy to discover.
B.It’s most important to discover truths.
C.It’s more important to understand truths than to discover them.
D.If we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.
答案　B

重点词汇
Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us...
尽管我们现在更习惯于用搜索引擎输入几个关键词，等待互联网为我们找出答案……
be/get accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事
accustom vt.使习惯于 accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人/自己习惯于……

(1)They find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed.他们发现自己工作是为了维持他们那么快就已经习惯了的生活方式。
(2)I am accustomed to cold weather.
我习惯于寒冷的天气。
(3)You must learn to accustom yourself(you) to hard work.你必须学会使自己适应艰苦的工作。
[一句多译]
(4)我尽量使自己习惯在喧闹的房间里工作。
①I tried to get used to working in the noisy room.
②I tried to get accustomed to working in the noisy room.
③I tried to accustom myself to working in the noisy room.
The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。
tend to do sth.往往会，倾向于……
※tend to/towards sth.趋向，倾向于…… tend (to) sb./sth.照料，照管※tendency n.倾向；趋势 have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事

(1)Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
很多人往往会谈论他们并不真正了解的传统。
(2)Doctors and nurses tended to the patients carefully during the outbreak of SARS.
非典时期医生和护士悉心照料病人。
(3)I have a tendency(tend) to talk too much when I’m nervous.我紧张时往往话多。
[一句多译]
(4)我哥哥在兴奋时常常会跳舞。
①My brother tends to dance when he is very excited.(tend)
②My brother has a tendency to dance when he is very excited.(tendency)

ignore vt.忽视，不顾；不理睬
※ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的 be ignorant of/about...对……不了解；对……无知※ignorance n.无知；不知情

(5)In this area，the French law is often ignored.
在这一地区，法国法律通常被忽视。
(6)At that time I was ignorant of/about events going on elsewhere.
当时我对其他地方发生的事情一无所知。
(7)As a matter of fact，his failure resulted from his ignorance(ignore).
事实上，他的失败源于他的无知。
[高级表达]
(8)My classmate walked past me and she ignored me completely.(用非谓语动词改写)
→My classmate walked past me，ignoring me completely.
At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们生气了，并把他关进了监狱。
approve vi.赞成，同意；vt.批准，通过
※approve of (doing) sth.赞成/同意(做)某事※approval n.批准，认可，赞成 meet with one’s approval得到某人的同意※disapprove v.不赞成，不同意

(1)The following items are approved for use in residential rooms.
下列东西被批准在宿舍使用。
(2)From what is mentioned above，I approve of the picture in the top right corner.
根据以上提到的，我赞同右上角那幅图。
(3)I hope the arrangements meet with your approval.
我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。


[单句改错]
(4)Personally，I do approve students writing blogs.
urge vt.力劝，强烈要求；n.强烈的欲望；冲动
※urge sb.to do sth.力劝某人做某事，怂恿某人做某事 urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人强调某事 urge that sb.(should) do...强烈要求某人……※urgent adj.紧急的※urgency n.紧急，紧迫；紧急的事

(5)Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。
(6)He urged the necessity of patience on/upon us.
他极力主张我们必须忍耐。
[一句多译]
(7)他催我们走。
①He urged us to go.
②He urged our going.
③He urged that we (should) go.
[单句改错]
(8)Many students urged that the school reading room kept open during the vacation.
But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.
但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了很多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。
inspire v.鼓舞；启发
※inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 inspire sb.with sth.(＝inspire sth.in sb.)激起/唤起某人的(感情、思想等)※inspired adj.获得灵感的；受到鼓舞的※inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的※inspiration n.鼓舞，启发，灵感

(1)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.(2018·天津)
宇宙中其他星球上有生命的可能性一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。
(2)She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay(lay) down their weapons.
她希望鼓励牙买加人放下他们的武器。
(3)King was a great orator and an inspiring(inspire) leader.
金是伟大的演说家和鼓舞人心的领袖。
(4)With inspiration(inspire) from other food cultures，American food culture can take a turn for the better.受到了其他饮食文化的启发，美国饮食文化可以变得更好。
[高级表达]
(5)As they were inspired by that brave soldier，they worked much harder than before.
(用非谓语动词改写)
→Inspired by that brave soldier，they worked much harder than before.
These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.
这些人懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有人会说，对一个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要，都有益。
beneficial adj.有用的，有益的
※be beneficial to...对……有益※benefit v.有益于，得益于；n.益处，好处 benefit from/by...从……中受益 for the benefit of sb.(＝for sb.’s benefit)为了某人的利益；为帮助某人 be of benefit to...对……有益

(1)Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.父母的介入并不像期望的那样有益处。
(2)Sunshine and fresh air are beneficial to your recovery from illness.
阳光和新鲜空气有益于你从疾病中康复。
(3)We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.
我们应该把这笔钱花在对大家都有益的事上。
[一句多译]
(4)据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。
①It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.
②It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.
[句型转换]
(5)Proper exercise can benefit people.
→People can benefit from proper exercise.
Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth？
为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？
assume vt.假定，假设；承担(责任)
※assume that...认为/假定…… assume＋n.＋(to be) n./adj.认为……是…… It is (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为…… assuming (that)...假定/假如……※assumption n.假设，假定 make an assumption/assumptions about对……作出假设，假定 on the assumption that假设

(1)It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.(2018·江苏)
认为艺术团体无法获利是错误的。
(2)I have always assumed her to be an American.
我一直以为她是美国人。
(3)It was impossible to make assumptions about people’s reactions.
臆断人们的反应是不可能的。
[一句多译]
(4)假设你是医生，你应该怎么处理这个事情？
①Assuming you are a doctor，what should you do with the matter？(assume)
②On the assumption that you are a doctor，what should you do with the matter？(assumption)
经典句式
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle 384－322 BC.
人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德公元前384－322年提出来的。
※It is not surprising that...表示“……不足为奇”。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。常用于该句型的形容词有：necessary，strange，clear，possible，natural，important，likely，obvious等。※it作形式主语的其他常见句型： It＋be＋过去分词＋that...；常见的过去分词有：said，reported，believed，supposed，ordered，known，suggested等。 It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that...；常见的不及物动词(短语)有：seem，appear，happen，turn out，occur to等。 It＋be＋名词短语＋that...；常见的名词短语有： a pity，a fact，a wonder，a surprise，no wonder等。

(1)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out.
青年人很可能会发脾气并不足为奇。
(2) It is surprising that he should win the election.
他竟然当选真是令人感到吃惊。
(3)It is said that the famous scientist has gone to the USA.据说那位著名的科学家已经去了美国。
(4)It’s a wonder that he ever reached Paris，because he set off with only $5 in his pocket.
他曾经到过巴黎真让人惊讶，因为他出发时兜里只有5美元。
[单句改错]
(5)It is necessary we should work hard while we are at school.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It is believed that proper morning exercises are good for our health.
2.Our duty is to defend(defence) the country against its enemies.
3.It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
4.My plan didn’t meet with the manager’s approval(approve)，which made me disappointed.
5.I was unwilling(will) to go with them，but it seemed that I had no choice.
6.Accustomed to climbing(climb) trees，I had no difficulty reaching the top and got the first prize.
7.You are making an assumption(assume)，which might not be true.
8.The speaker is giving rather an inspiring speech，as I can judge from the inspired look of all the listeners.(inspire)
9.Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial(benefit) in the long term.
10.His wife is my daughter，in other words，I am his mother?in?law.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
12.It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
人们普遍认为，压力是由繁重的工作导致的。
13.I’m glad to know that you have got well.
得知你已经康复，我很高兴。
14.The problem which came up at the meeting is worthy of attention.
会上出现的问题值得注意。
15.It is not surprising that different peoples have different cultures.
不同的民族有不同的文化，这不足为奇。
Ⅲ.课文短文改错
“Who questions much，shall learn much，and remember much，” said Francis Bacon.Now it seems obviously how we acquire knowledge and understanding.Therefore，in the 17th century，people believed much in religion than in facts.As result，people tended to ignore the facts but were unwilling to challenge what they had believed.Till today，people still feel that if someone important and respect says that something is right，then it must be so.But sometimes great men so as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing up and changing.In other word，we learn more every day and none of us can simple say，“We know it all.”“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them，” said Galileo Galilei.
答案
“Who questions much，shall learn much，and remember much，” said Francis Bacon.Now it seems how we acquire knowledge and understanding.，in the 17th century，people believed in religion than in facts.As result，people tended to ignore the facts were unwilling to challenge what they had believed.Till today，people still feel that if someone important and says that something is right，then it must be so.But sometimes great men as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing up and changing.In other ，we learn more every day and none of us can say，“We know it all.”“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them，” said Galileo Galilei.


基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I’m not accustomed(习惯于) to getting up early to do morning exercises.
2.They urge(催促) the local government that the problem be handled as soon as possible.
3.I’m not sure whether my parents will approve(赞同) me of joining the club.
4.We are working on the assumption(假定)that the meeting will take place as planned.
5.As the sun went down，we cast long shadows(影子)on the lawn.
6.His performance in the Olympics acquired(获得) him a good fame.
7.He ignored(不理睬) all the “No smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.
8.I hope this success will inspire(鼓舞)you to make greater efforts.
9.He stood up and said something in defence(辩护) of himself.
10.Some food additives are regarded as beneficial(有益的) to people’s health.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
11.It is assumed(assume) that he will offer us some valuable advice.
12.At times，parents find it difficult to talk with their teenage children.
13.The guide said that the people in that remote village were very conventional(convention).
14.Inspired(inspire) by his speech，many people took up the sport.
15.Urged(urge) by his friends，the young scientist decided to have his book published.
16.The old man was ignorant(ignore) of how to use the Internet，so he didn’t receive the email.
17.In the end，they decided to search for the old houses in that area.
18.The woman rushed there in defence(defend) of the little boy in danger.
19.The boy tends to stay(stay) at home when he feels a little lonely.
20.Accustomed to living(live) here，the man decided to start a new life.
Ⅲ.完成句子
21.The doctors suggested that the boy should be operated on at once.
医生们建议立刻给这个男孩做手术。
22.With so many people helping us，we finished all the work in a short time.
有那么多人帮助我们，我们很快完成了所有的工作。
23.It is not surprising that most people are fond of this new film.
大多数人喜欢这部新电影，这并不奇怪。
24.You shouldn’t have been so rude to him even though you didn’t like him.
即使你不喜欢他，你也不应该对他那么粗鲁。
25.To be honest，I don’t care what others think about.
说实话，我并不在乎别人怎么想。
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Whenever I ask some of my French high school pupils why they don’t go outside，the answer always seems to be one of the followings：sleeping，seeing my friends or playing video games.Of course，these are simply excuses.In their minds，going outside to have fun means costing a large amount of money.
Money isn’t easy to get when you’re young，is it？While Christmas and birthdays can leave you much pocket money，it is a temptation to use it up as soon as you’ve got it rather than putting it aside for a rainy day.Actually，you’d better resist the temptation.
We can have fun without money as well.At weekends and during holidays when I still lived in Scotland，I loved nothing more than being out and staying with my friends and family.But I took full advantage of the swimming，dance and language clubs that were on offer in my school and university.In France，most school pupils have Wednesday afternoons free.Some of them use that time to go to cinema or do some shopping in the supermarket.However，most of them will have entertainment that doesn’t have to cost them money.
A couple of weeks ago，I started a weekly English club at my school.I wanted to give pupils the chance to practice and improve their conversational language skills.I was a little worried that the young pupils wouldn’t choose my English club，especially when the traditional Wednesday afternoon sports clubs and training sessions were available.However，I was pleasantly surprised that many pupils did turn up later.
Yes，we all need a change of scenery and a break from our usual routine from time to time，but entertainment can be simple，and it doesn’t always come with a price tag(标签)!
语篇解读　本文主要讲述了大多数学生认为出去玩意味着要花很多钱，然而作者认为没有钱也可以玩得很开心。

26.In the author’s view，some pupils rarely leave their city because .
A.they must work hard at subjects
B.they have no time to enjoy their life
C.they prefer to make some friends
D.they feel it impossible to go outside without much money
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“In their minds，going outside to have fun means costing a large amount of money.”可知，作者认为一些学生很少离开他们的城市是因为他们认为出去玩意味着要花很多钱。
27.What does the author advise pupils to do after having some pocket money?
A.Share it with others to show friendship.
B.Spend it playing games with their friends.
C.Save it in case of some emergency.
D.Buy an umbrella in case of some rainy days.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...it is a temptation to use it up as soon as you’ve got it rather than putting it aside for a rainy day.Actually，you’d better resist the temptation.”可知，作者建议学生不应该一下子把钱花完，而是应该存起来，以备不时之需。
28.In France，what do the majority of pupils usually do on Wednesday afternoon?
A.Go swimming and dancing.
B.Go to the cinema with their friends.
C.Have entertainment without costing money.
D.Getting something for free in the supermarket.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“However，most of them will have entertainment that doesn’t have to cost them money.”可知，大部分学生一般会进行不需要花钱的娱乐活动。
29.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Teaching Is Important
B.Entertainment Is Necessary
C.Money Isn’t Everything
D.Have Fun Without Money
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。本文在最后一段总结文章的主旨：学生进行一些娱乐活动并不总是需要花钱。所以选D。
B
Texting walkers aren’t just an annoyance to other walkers，Australian researchers armed with movie special?effects technology have determined scientifically that they’re threats to themselves.Using motion?capture technology similar to that used for films，researchers concluded that texting while walking not only affects balance but also the ability to walk in straight line.
“Some people like checking emails while walking to work in the morning，” said the study co?author Hoorn，“but they may not know it has a serious effect on the safety of themselves.” Other facts have also proved this.A tourist from Taiwan walked off a pier near Melbourne last month while checking Facebook，bringing a sudden and icy end to a penguin?watching visit.Another person who was too wrapped up in his phone to notice dangers walked straight into the fountain in front of a shopping mall.
The Australian study involved 27 volunteers，a third of whom admitted having knocked into objects while texting.They were asked to walk 8.5 meters three times—once without phones，once while reading text and once while writing text，when eight cameras recorded their actions.
They found the volunteers using the phone walked slower，and，more seriously，they locked their arms and elbows in like “robots”，which forced their heads to move more，throwing themselves off balance.“In a pedestrian(步行的)environment，inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for traffic accidents，” said Mr Hoorn.“The best thing to do is step aside and stop，or keep off the phone.”
Authorities worldwide have taken note.Signs on Hong Kong’s subway system advise passengers in three languages to keep their eyes off their phones.Police and transport authorities have highlighted the danger in Singapore，where the Straits Times newspaper recently declared cellphone?distracted road crossing as “bad habit No.2” contributing to the rising number of road deaths.Some U.S.states，including New York and Arkansas，are considering bans on what they’re calling phone jaywalking.
语篇解读　短信是人们平时交流的方式，但是走路的时候发短信往往会带来一系列交通安全问题。所以有些国家为了避免这类安全事故的发生，就走路发短信采取了立法。

30.According to the passage，people texting while walking usually .
A.do not influence other walkers
B.do harm to their eyes
C.put themselves in danger
D.can still walk straight
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some people like checking emails while walking...has a serious effect on the safety of themselves...”可知，一边走路一边编辑短信对人们的安全有影响，会使人们处于危险之中。故选C。
31.Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “wrapped up” in Paragraph 2?
A.Absent?minded. B.Annoyed.
C.Confused. D.Absorbed.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句可知，这个人径直走进了购物中心的喷泉中，故可推知，他太专注于自己的手机以至于没有注意到危险。故选D。

32.About the Australian study，we know that .
A.the volunteers using phones while walking moved normally
B.ten volunteers admitted having bumped into things while texting
C.the volunteers were divided into three groups during the study
D.texting walkers are exposed to greater possibility of traffic accidents
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In a pedestrian(步行的) environment，inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for traffic accidents”可知，边走边编辑短信使步行者不能直线行走，增加了他们遭遇交通事故的可能性。故选D。
33.The last paragraph suggests that .
A.actions have been taken against texting while walking
B.Hong Kong’s subway system forbids texting walkers to take the train
C.New York has made laws to ban phone jaywalking
D.cellphone?distracted road crossing is considered the worst habit in Singapore
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，很多地方已经针对这种现象采取了行动。故选A。
Ⅴ.七选五
With the summer holiday just around the corner，it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations.Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without emptying your pocket：
Travel off?season.
Go to your desired destination while the demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts.During the peak season，the hotel and flight prices increase quickly，and you’ll likely to spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists. 34
35
Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms.Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding.Stay with the locals.If you and your family are going to stay for a longer period，renting a small apartment is a good choice.
Eat like a local.
Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new？ 36 During your family trip，try new food where the locals eat.This will not just save money，but also provide you with a new and different experience.For smaller meals and snacks，avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout.
Don’t hesitate to bargain.
Tourist?heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything.Clothes，travel goodies，souvenirs，etc.are very expensive at these places. 37 Bargain hard to get the best price.
Choose local transportation.
38 Instead，take buses，railways or subways，which are always cheaper.If you are planning to stay for a while，you can consider renting a car.Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if you are moving around a lot.
A.Save on hotels.
B.Surf the Internet while traveling.
C.Therefore，avoid buying anything there.
D.So it’s best to find out when the off?season starts.
E.For this reason，you shouldn’t feel ashamed to ask for bargains.
F.Planning your meals is another way to reduce your travel costs.
G.As a tourist，avoid taking taxis whenever possible，since they are expensive.

34.答案　D
解析　根据该空上一句“During the peak season，the hotel and flight prices increase quickly，and you’ll likely to spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists.”可知，在高峰期出行，会花费很多。所以下一句应该是建议避开高峰期出去旅行，故选D项。与小标题Travel off?season也吻合。
35.答案　A
解析　根据该空下面第一句“Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms.”可知，此处讲在住宾馆方面节省开销，故与A项吻合。
36.答案　F
解析　根据空格后的两句话可知，此处是讲在吃饭方面节省开销，故与F项吻合。
37.答案　E
解析　该空上一句“Clothes，travel goodies，souvenirs，etc.are very expensive at these places.”说的是在这些地方有些东西都很贵，所以此处应该是建议你去讲价，故填E项。
38.答案　G
解析　下一句“Instead，take buses，railways or subways，which are always cheaper.”说的是乘公共汽车、火车或者地铁比较便宜，所以此处应该是建议避免乘出租车，故填G项。
Ⅵ.短文改错
Different attitudes lead to different results.Those who take positively attitudes towards work will be rewarded.Taking Li Kang as an example.He is my classmate.He puts his heart into his study，so he had become a top student.With his hard work，he will succeed in entering into his ideal university.Besides，Liu Qiang，also my classmate，never cares about his study because he is addicting to playing games.He turns a deaf ear to the teachers’ advices.As result，he falls far behind others in her study.In my opinion，attitude is everything.No matter how you do，you must do it well even if you may fail many times.
答案
Different attitudes lead to different results.Those who take attitudes towards work will be rewarded. Li Kang as an example.He is my classmate.He puts his heart into his study，so he become a top student.With his hard work，he will succeed in entering into his ideal university.，Liu Qiang，also my classmate，never cares about his study because he is to playing games.He turns a deaf ear to the teachers’ .As result，he falls far behind others in study.In my opinion，attitude is everything.No matter you do，you must do it well even if you may fail many times.




























































































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2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（6）
Period Six　
Communication Workshop，Culture Corner & Bulletin Board

重点词汇
For a start，it would be hard adapting to a new culture.首先，很难适应一种新的文化。
adapt vt.(使)适应，(使)适合；改编；vi.适应
※adapt (oneself) to...使(某人自己)适应…… adapt...to...使……适应…… adapt...for...将……改为……；改造……以供……之用 adapt...from sth.根据某物改编成……※adaptation n.适应；改编(本)

(1)You must adapt yourself to the new environment as soon as possible.
你必须尽快使自己适应新环境。
(2)Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.
相反，我们是白天活动的动物，眼睛适应了生活在太阳光下。
(3)Many children buy books after they have been adapted for television.
许多小孩子都是在书被编成电视剧之后才去买的。
[一句多译]
(4)据说，这部电影是改编自一部短篇小说。
①It is said that this film is adapted from a short novel.(adapt)
②It is said that this film is an adaptation from a short novel.(adaptation)
As a whole，I think that studying abroad can be a positive experience...
整体来说，我认为去国外学习是一种有意义的经历……
as a whole整体来说；作为一个整体，总体上
on the whole大体上；基本上；总的来说

(1)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
总的来说，电子垃圾的增长比传统的垃圾的增长快了三倍。
(2)We must consider these matters as a whole.
我们必须从整体上考虑这些问题。
(3)Thus，the division，on the whole，depends on the reader.
因此，总的来说，这个部门依赖于读者。
However，there would also be some new optional subjects，for example，literary appreciation，astronomy，biochemistry，etc.
然而，还将有一些新的选修科目，如文学欣赏、天文学、生物化学等。
appreciation n.欣赏，鉴别；感谢，感激
※in appreciation of感谢……※appreciate v.欣赏；理解；鉴别；感谢，感激 appreciate (doing) sth.感激/喜欢(做)某事 I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激

(1)China’s soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018·江苏)
中国的软实力随着全球对中国的认识和理解的加深而不断增强。
(2)Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you have done for us.
请接受这个礼物，谢谢您为我们所做的一切。
(3)When you look people in the eye，they feel you appreciate what they are saying.
当你盯着别人的眼睛的时候，他们会感到你对他们所说的话感兴趣。
(4)I’d appreciate it if you could help me revise them.
如果你肯帮我修改它们，我将非常感激。
[单句改错]
(5)I really appreciate your the effort to help us out of trouble.
In conclusion，I think my school would have a good variety of activities—something for everyone.总之，我认为我们学校会有各种各样不同的活动——适合每个人的活动。
in conclusion总之，最后；作为结论
※arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论 bring...to a conclusion使……结束※conclude v.断定；结束；达成 conclude sth.with sth.以……结束…… conclude that...推断出……

(1)In conclusion，I would like to thank everyone who helped to make this event possible.
最后，我要感谢促成此事的每个人。
(2)I will bring the story quickly to a conclusion.
让我尽快结束这个故事。
(3)The famous scientist concluded his speech with some amusing remarks.
这位著名科学家用一些有趣的话语结束了演讲。
[高级表达]
(4)We concluded that he was against the plan.(改为同位语从句)
→We arrived at/came to/drew/reached a conclusion thathe was against the plan.
Instead they learn how to play with other children in preparation for school.
相反，他们学习如何同其他小孩玩耍，为进入学校做准备。
in preparation for...为……做准备
※be in preparation在准备中 make a preparation/preparations for...为……做准备※prepare v.准备 prepare to do sth.准备做某事 prepare for sth.为……做准备※be prepared to do sth./for sth.对……有准备(表状态)

(1)He packed his bags in preparation for the journey.
他打好包，为旅行做准备。
(2)I have to make a preparation/preparations for my final exam which will be held two weeks later.
我得为两周后将要举行的期末考试做准备。
(3)We should prepare well for the negotiations.
我们应该为这次谈判做好准备。
[一句多译]
(4)他们卖掉了他们的房子和车，准备出国。
①They’ve sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country.(preparation)
②They’ve sold their house and car to prepare to leave/for leaving the country.(prepare)
经典句式
As well as the subjects on the timetable，there would be many after?school interest groups，such as chess，choir，photography and sports.
除课程表上的科目外，还要设一些课外兴趣小组，如下棋、合唱、摄影和运动小组。
※as well as意为“除了……以外还……；和……一样也……”。当放于句首时，其相当于 in addition to。 ※as well as通常连接两个对等的成分，即 as well as之前和之后的成分相同，同为主语、宾语、表语等。※as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的主语确定，即通常所说的“就前一致原则”。 ※as well as可用于表达同级比较，well 为副词，意思是“和……一样好”。

(1)All special exhibitions，as well as films，lectures，concerts and children’s programs are free with admission.(2018·江苏)
所有的专题展览，和电影、讲座、音乐会、儿童节目一样都是免费进入的。
(2)She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.
她打算为了创造一个和男人的世界一样的女人世界而奋斗。
(3)WeChat，as well as telephones，is(be) now playing an important part in daily communication.微信，还有电话，现在在日常交流中起着重要作用。
[单句改错]
(4)The father as well as his children to the park every summer.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The adaptation(adapt) of the play for radio was easily done by him.
2.They all hope to bring the boring discussion to a conclusion(conclude).
3.Worried about the preparations(prepare) for her feast，Lala quickly turned for home.
4.We should analyse the problem as a whole.
5.In conclusion，I like being praised，but I know sometimes it’s not always good.
6.The college has excellent sporting facilities(facility).
7.For a start，the question comes not from her but from you.
8.Chinese arts have won the appreciation(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China.
Ⅱ.完成句子
9.The captain，as well as the other players，was tired.
队长和其他队员都累了。
10.He looked down so that she could not see his eyes.
他低下头以免她看见他的眼睛。
11.I would appreciate it if you would close the window.
如果你把窗户关上，我将十分感激。
12.Not only does he speak English but also French.
他不仅说英语还说法语。
13.Please prepare to get off from the back door.
请您准备从后门下车。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.选词填空
to a certain extent，get into，the rest of，as a whole，in conclusion，as well as，disagree with，be relevant to

1.As a whole，most of the old people are accustomed to the climate here.
2.What the teacher taught the children was not relevant to their life there.
3.To a certain extent，the boy did much better than his older brother.
4.Most of the members disagreed with his plan，which made him annoyed.
5.All the students are working hard in order to get into a key university.
6.He as well ashis children goes to the beach each summer.
7.This one is for you and the rest ofthe books are for the girls.
8.In conclusion，this activity has benefited us a lot and we’ll hold another some day.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9.The young teacher always teaches the little childrenwith enthusiasm every day.
10.This experience will leave lasting impression on the young people.
11.They will stay there for another two weeks in preparation(prepare) for the coming ceremony.
12.It is said that the old couple are traveling in Europe at the moment.
13.To show our appreciation(appreciate) for your hard work，we’d like to give you a car.
Ⅲ.完成句子
14.When he arrived，I was preparing to leave the city.
当他到达时，我正准备离开这个城市。
15.Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给我们阳光还有热量。
16.Reading should be a pleasure，so the texts should be within your range.
阅读是一种乐趣，其内容应该在你的能力范围之内。
17.I would appreciate it ifyou would help me with it.
如果你能帮我做这件事，我将十分感激。
18.It’s said that the TV play was adapted froma historical novel.
据说这部电视剧改编自一部历史小说。
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Mary Krupa became friends with the grey squirrels during her first week at Penn State，after spotting them running around and idly(漫不经心地)wondering what they would look like with tiny hats on their heads.Today，everyone at the university knows her as the “Squirrel Girl”.
Mary started bringing them food，and gradually they began to trust her.She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture.Thinking that her colleagues could do with something to lift up their spirits，she started posting similar photos on Facebook.The response was greatly positive，and before long Mary and her squirrels became an Internet sensation.
Growing up in a neighborhood outside State College，Mary was always fond of birds and animals around her home，but she didn’t interact with people very much.She was later diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome，but the squirrels changed that.“The squirrels are actually a good way to break the ice，because I’ll be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and we’ll just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them，”she said.“I am a lot more outgoing.”
And in case you’re wondering how Mary is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos，it has a lot to do with food.For example，whenever she wants them to hold or play with something，she puts peanut butter on the prop(道具)，and they’ll grab it.But getting to that part took a while.In the beginning，she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them，but they hesitated to approach her.She had the patience to earn their trust，though.
This year，Mary is graduating with a degree in English and wildlife sciences.She wants to be a science writer and educate people on how to preserve the environment.As for her furry friends，Mary plans to stay in the area and visit them as often as she can.
语篇解读　本文主要讲述了宾州州立大学的“松鼠女孩”Mary曾经被诊断出患有阿斯伯格综合症，但是松鼠改变了她，使她变得外向，善于交际，而她也通过和松鼠建立信任，拍出一些松鼠的照片，在互联网上引起了轰动。


19.What kind of change do squirrels bring to Mary?
A.She is sicker than before.
B.She is more interested in animals.
C.She is more sociable than before.
D.She is less willing to go to college.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...Mary was always fond of birds and animals around her home，but she didn’t interact with people very much.She was later diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome，but the squirrels changed that...‘I am a lot more outgoing.’”可知，Mary之前不善于交际，并被诊断出患有阿斯伯格综合症，但是松鼠改变了她，她变得更外向了，可见松鼠使她比之前善于交际了。故选C。
20.How did Mary manage to take photos of squirrels wearing hats?
A.By putting them in cages.
B.By playing music to them.
C.By attracting them with colorful food.
D.By building a close relationship with them.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，想给松鼠拍照需要食物的引诱，但是从“But”后面的句子可知，并不是她只要给松鼠食物，松鼠就会很安静地让她拍出想要的照片，前提是她获得了松鼠的信任。故选D。
21.Which words can best describe Mary?
A.Patient and caring.
B.Confident and strong.
C.Sociable and healthy.
D.Traditional and hard?working.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“because I’ll be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and we’ll just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them”以及第四段中的“She had the patience to earn their trust，though.”可知，Mary是一个善良、愿意喂养小动物并且耐心的人。结合选项知选A。
22.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Mary’s Experience in University
B.Making Friends with Wild Animals
C.The “Squirrel Girl” of Penn State
D.The Bridge Between Mary and Squirrels
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。第一段最后一句“Today，everyone at the university knows her as the ‘Squirrel Girl’.”引出话题“Squirrel Girl”，通读全文可知，文章后文介绍了主人公为什么会被称为“Squirrel Girl”以及她的一些事情。故选C。
Ⅴ.完形填空
When I was 17 years old，I left my comfortable home in a wealthy Midwestern suburb to live as a foreign exchange student in a lower middle?class neighborhood in a foreign country.I 23 in an apartment with no elevators，no dishwashers and one washer for 300 24 .The tile(瓷砖) floors were always 25 and the rainy winter days there seemed endless.I 26 to wash my clothes by hand in the bathtub and 27 water was so costly，I trained myself to 28 my waist?length hair in less than five minutes.
At that time there were no cell phones and the Internet didn’t exist.So for six months I had no 29 at all with my family or friends in the US.I had no relatives there so I 30 to face the fact that my 31 to adapt and create a life for 32 ，was one hundred percent up to me.At age seventeen my need for friends was 33 and not knowing a soul was，needless to say，a bit stressful.
To 34 to my stress，I didn’t speak the 35 and had no familiarity with the monetary(货币的) system or the transportation system.One more 36 that created stress was my 37 family.Of all the families in the city I lived，I was 38 with the ones who spoke the least (or worst) English.
Living abroad and developing 39 in a foreign language required persistence and determination.I made many mistakes 40 the way.Now I’ve transformed my 41 memories into my medals of honor.They’re the treasured stories that offer wisdom，provide me with insights into friends and family and provide me with the 42 that I can surpass future challenges.
语篇解读　本文作者介绍了自己去美国做交换生的经历。作者体会到那些宝贵的经历对自己的成长是非常重要的，因为自己因此增加了智慧、以及战胜挑战的信心。

23.A.moved B.lived
C.turned D.took
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“in an apartment with no elevators，no dishwashers”可知，“我”住(live)在一个没有电梯、没有洗碗机的公寓里，故B项正确。
24.A.places B.names
C.children D.families
答案　D
解析　由上文可知，“我”住在一所公寓里，故此处为“我”所住的公寓里没有电梯、没有洗碗机、只有一台供300个家庭(family)共同使用的洗衣机。其他选项均不符合语境。故D项正确。
25.A.warm B.empty
C.tidy D.cold
答案　D
解析　根据本空后的“the rainy winter days there seemed endless”可知，此处强调当时条件的恶劣。故句意为：地板砖总是冰冷的(cold)，故D项正确。
26.A.tried B.asked
C.learned D.forced
答案　C
解析　上文提到300个家庭共用一台洗衣机，所以“我”学会(learn)用手洗衣服，故C项正确。
27.A.although B.since
C.unless D.once
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“water was so costly，I trained myself to...”可知，前后是因果关系，此处是说“因为(since)这里的水费很高”，故B项正确。
28.A.wash B.comb
C.arrange D.adopt
答案　A
解析　根据文章情境可知，此处是说因为水费很高，所以“我”训练自己在五分钟之内洗(wash)完自己的齐腰长发，故A项正确。
29.A.contact B.quarrel
C.letter D.chance
答案　A
解析　根据本空前的“At that time there were no cell phones and the Internet didn’t exist.”可知，当时那里没有电话也没有网络，所以六个月以来“我”没有和在美国的家人和朋友取得任何联系(contact)，故A项正确。
30.A.turned B.needed
C.pretended D.stopped
答案　B
解析　根据本空前的“I had no relatives there”可知，在那里没有亲戚，所以“我”需要(need)面对这样一个事实，故B项正确。
31.A.imagination B.ability
C.question D.career
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“to adapt and create a life...”可知，此处是说适应及创造生活的能力(ability)，故B项正确。
32.A.myself B.other
C.another D.none
答案　A
解析　根据文章情境可知，此处是说为“我自己”(myself)创造生活，故A项正确。
33.A.impossible B.hopeless
C.careless D.strong
答案　D
解析　根据本空所在句可知，17岁的年纪对朋友的渴望是强烈的(strong)，故D项正确。
34.A.adapt B.apply
C.add D.reduce
答案　C
解析　根据本空前的“and not knowing a soul was，needless to say，a bit stressful”可知，上文提到作者找不到朋友让自己很有压力，而下文中不会说当地的语言又给作者增加(add to)了压力。
35.A.truth B.language
C.fact D.word
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“had no familiarity with the monetary(货币的) system or the transportation system”可知，此处是说“我”不会说当地的语言(language)也不熟悉货币和交通系统，故B项正确。
36.A.scene B.shortage
C.fault D.challenge
答案　D
解析　根据上文内容可知住在一个陌生的环境里“我”的生活充满了挑战，此处是说又一个给“我”带来压力的挑战(challenge)是……，故D项正确。
37.A.own B.former
C.host D.guest
答案　C
解析　根据本空后的“Of all the families in the city I lived”可知，此处说的是又一个给“我”带来压力的挑战是寄宿(host)家庭，故C项正确。
38.A.occupied B.housed
C.compared D.chosen
答案　B
解析　根据文章情境可知，此处是说在“我”居住的这个城市的家庭中，“我”被安排住在了一个几乎不说英语的家庭里。be housed with意为“被安置住在……”，故B项正确。
39.A.fluency B.trouble
C.habit D.fame
答案　A
解析　根据本空后的“in a foreign language”可知，住在国外并且掌握流利的外语需要毅力和决心。fluency意为“流利，流畅”，故A项正确。
40.A.over B.along
C.in D.during
答案　B
解析　根据文章情境可知，此处是说在这条路上“我”犯了很多错误，故B项正确。
41.A.harmful B.beautiful
C.hopeful D.hard
答案　D
解析　根据上文内容可知“我”在国外的生活经历了很多不易，此处是说现在“我”已经把那段艰难的(hard)记忆转变成了荣誉勋章，故D项正确。
42.A.advantage B.confidence
C.promise D.future
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“that I can surpass future challenges”可知，此处是说那些宝贵的经历可以给我战胜挑战的信心(confidence)，故B项正确。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities，where people are able to make full use of the rapidly?developed Internet technology.Nowadays，can we find a person 43. has not experienced online shopping? Definitely not.
Online shopping 44. (welcome) by most people due to various reasons.From the perspective of the consumer，it can save some time for people who don’t have much spare time.Just click the mouse，they can get whatever they want while staying at home.For the retailers，it can cut some costs for those who don’t have much circulating funds.45. (compare) with the traditional trade mode，they don’t have to spend money in renting a house.However，there are still some 46. (disadvantage) in online shopping.First，a face?to?face deal makes online shopping less 47. (rely) and trustworthy.Second，people will lose 48. fun of bargain.
49. is undeniable that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society.It’s 50. (true) urgent that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping.Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and 51. (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of 52. (cheat).
语篇解读　本文说明了网上购物的优势和劣势，并指出我们应该制定出相关的法律，来保护网购人员的利益。

43.答案　who/that
解析　考查定语从句。 has not experienced online shopping是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a person，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who/that。
44.答案　is welcomed
解析　考查时态和语态。Online shopping与welcome之间是被动关系，用被动语态，表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，所以填is welcomed。
45.答案　Compared
解析　考查非谓语动词。compare与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，所以填Compared。
46.答案　disadvantages
解析　考查名词的用法。disadvantage是可数名词，且被some修饰，所以用名词复数，填disadvantages。
47.答案　reliable
解析　考查词性转换。and连接并列结构，trustworthy是形容词，所以这里也要用形容词，填reliable。
48.答案　the
解析　考查冠词的用法。此处特指讲价的乐趣，所以填the。
49.答案　It
解析　考查形式主语。后面的that从句是真正的主语，句首需要一个形式主语，所以填It。
50.答案　truly
解析　考查词性转换。此处是副词修饰形容词urgent，所以填truly。
51.答案　convenience
解析　考查词性转换。空格处作enjoy的宾语，用名词，故填convenience。
52.答案　being cheated
解析　考查非谓语动词。主语是we，与cheat之间是被动关系，表示“不担心被欺骗”，用被动语态，且介词of之后需要使用v.?ing形式，所以填being cheated。
Ⅶ.微写作
写作素材(关于语言变化)
1.随着时间的推移，语言已经发生了巨大的变化。
2.一些单词在拼写上得到了简化。
3.坦率地说，这减轻了我们的学习负担。
4.除此之外，一些单词在发音和用法上也倾向于简单化。
5.在某种程度上，这反映了社会文明的进步。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用with复合结构等。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)
With time going by，the language has been changing a great deal.Some words have been simplified in spelling.Frankly speaking，this reduces our study burden.Aside from this，the pronunciation and usage of some words also tend to simplification.To a certain extent，it reflects the progress of social civilisation.




























































































第 8 页 共 8 页


2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（7）
Period Seven　
Grammar—Third conditional & Wish and Should have


感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1.In the past，if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam，he would have had no chance of getting a degree. 2.In the past，if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years，they would have stayed there until retirement! 3.In the past，if I’d wanted to see them，I would have had to visit them in person. 4.Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion! 5.He was very bright and should have done much better in all his other subjects. 6.The government should have put more money towards science education. 7.And I wish they would decrease the size of classes... 8.My wife often wishes that I had chosen a job with less stress but I love what I do.

1.1、2、3句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其条件从句用had done，主句谓语用would have done。
2.在wish后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在事实相反的愿望的是4句和7句，表示与过去事实相反的是8句。
3.5句和6句中用should have done结构表示“过去本该做某事而实际未做”。

虚拟语气常表示某种情况与事实不相符或表示说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇或设想等。它常用于非真实条件句中，根据其表达的时间不同主从句的虚拟结构也有所不同。
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用
时间 从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be动词的过去式通常用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反 动词的过去式；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形

If he were here，I would explain to him myself.
要是他在这里我就亲自向他解释了。
If you had taken your teacher’s advice，you would not have failed the exam.
如果你听从了你的老师的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow，we would stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
二、混合条件句
在虚拟条件句中，有时主句和从句所表示的时间并不一致，此时应分别针对不同的时间使用不同的动词形式。
If he had joined the army thirty years ago，he would be a general now.
如果30年前他参了军，他现在就是将军了。(从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在事实相反的假设。)
三、含蓄条件句
1.非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在上下文中，如用but for，without，with，otherwise，or等词语。
Given more time，he could have done it better.
再多给点时间他可能会做得更好。
Without your help，we couldn’t have finished our work on time.
没有你的帮助，我们不可能按时完成我们的工作。
2.有些句子没有任何表示条件的单词、短语或句子，但意义隐含在上下文中，所以它们也需要用虚拟语气。
He told me about your coming，or I would have known nothing about it.
他告诉我你来了，否则我就一无所知了。
四、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装
当虚拟条件从句中含有were，had，should时，可以省去if，而将它们移到从句句首构成倒装结构。
If I were in your place，I wouldn’t do that.
＝Were I in your place，I wouldn’t do that.
如果我处在你的位置，我不会做那件事。
If you had turned to me，I would have helped you.
＝Had you turned to me，I would have helped you.
如果你请我帮忙，我就帮你了。
If it should rain，we would put off the match.
＝Should it rain，we would put off the match.
如果天下雨，我们就推迟比赛。
五、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
在名词性从句中也会出现虚拟语气结构。
1.在宾语从句中
(1)表示要求、建议或命令的动词，如suggest，order，request，advise，insist，demand，command等，后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语常用“(should) do”结构。
Dad suggested that I (should) have a talk with her.
爸爸建议我和她谈谈。
The workers insisted that their wages (should) be increased.工人们坚决要求涨工资。
注意：suggest表示“表明”，insist表示“坚决认为”时后面的从句应用真实语气。
Her pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she should go to see the doctor.
她苍白的脸色表明她生病了，我建议她应该去看医生。
(2)在would rather后的宾语从句中，常用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。
I would rather you hadn’t let out the secret.
我真希望你没把这个秘密泄露出去。
(3)wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况；用“would/could＋动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的情况。
How I wish I could live another five hundred years!
我多么希望我还能再活五百年！
How I wish I had followed her instructions then!
我多么希望我那时听从了她的指示！
2.在表语从句和同位语从句中
表示要求、建议或命令的名词如suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中常用“(should) do”结构。
My suggestion is that we (should) learn another foreign language.
我的建议是我们应该学习另外一门外语。
His proposal that they (should) take immediate measures sounds reasonable.
他建议他们立刻采取措施，这一建议听起来很合理。
3.在主语从句中
当主语从句表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑等时应用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should) do”结构。常用句型为“It’s strange/necessary/important/a pity/suggested/vital/desired/proposed/essential/natural/...that...”。
It’s a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
他拒绝接受这项提议真是遗憾。
It is strange that he (should) be so rude.
真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。
六、虚拟语气在其他固定句式中的使用
1.It’s (high/about) time that...后面的从句用过去时或其谓语用“should do”结构(此时should不可省略)。
It’s high time that you rang him up.
＝It’s high time that you should ring him up.
你该给他打电话了。
2.在if only引导的感叹句中，其虚拟语气的用法与wish后的用法相同。
If only I had come two days earlier!
我要是早来两天就好了！
If only he were here！要是他在这里就好了！
3.在as if/as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中，用一般过去时表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。
He talks as if he were an expert.
他说起话来似乎是一个专家。
The injured man acted as if nothing had happened.
那个受伤的男子表现得仿佛什么事也没发生过一样。
注意：as if/as though引导的从句如果与事实相符，则应用真实语气。
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
他看起来似乎要生病了。

Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1.If we had caught(catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
(2018·天津)
2.They might have found a better hotel if they had driven(drive) a few more kilometers.
(2018·北京)
3.There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I had(have) a second chance to become more involved.(2018·江苏)
4.If the new safety system had been put(put) to use，the accident would never have happened.
(2017·北京)
5.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise，I wouldn’t have been(not，be) able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津)
6.Were(be) it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.
(2017·江苏)
7.If it had not been(not，be) for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016·江苏)
8.I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn’t been wearing one，I would have been injured(injure).
(2016·天津)
9.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway wouldn’t have written(not，write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015·重庆)
10.I wish I had been(be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015·天津)
11.It is lucky we booked a room，or we would have(have) nowhere to stay now.(2015·安徽)
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Some classmates suggest we can或 go to places of interest nearby.
(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)
2.If you me，would you talk to them？(2015·四川，短文改错)
基础巩固
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1. If I were(be) at home in Cambodia，I would have to go outdoors.
2.If you had arrived(arrive) ten minutes earlier，you could have seen them off.
3.It’s time that we went/should go(go) to the railway station.
4.If they hadn’t helped(not，help) us，our experiment would have failed.
5.You’re five minutes late.I suggested that you (should) come(come) earlier tomorrow.
6.The smile on her face suggests that she agrees(agree) with me.
7.I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you came(come) next month for a visit.
8.Should the weather be good tomorrow，we would go(go) climbing.
9.Were(be) I you，I would go with him to the party.
10.I couldn’t have gone(not，go) through that bitter period without your generous help.
Ⅱ.句型转换
11.What a pity I didn’t go with him to England!
→I wish I had gone with him to England!
12.Thanks to Mr Smith’s help，we finished the job on time.
→But for Mr Smith’s help，we wouldn’t have finished the job on time.
13.Lucy didn’t come to class today because she didn’t feel well.
→Had she felt well，Lucy would have come to class today.
14.I don’t know French，so I can’t talk to the French friends.
→If I knew French，I could talk to the French friends.
15.He didn’t take his parents’ advice and he is not a college student now.
→If he had taken his parents’ advice，he would be a college student now.
Ⅲ.完成句子
16.If there were no water on the earth，there would be no life.
如果地球上没有水，就不会有生命。
17.I wouldn’t have believed it，if I hadn’t seen it happen.
要不是亲眼目睹，我决不会相信有这种事。
18.If I had seen him yesterday，I would have asked him for help.
如果我昨天看见他，我就向他求助了。
19.If we had time tomorrow，we would go with you.
如果我们明天有时间，我们就跟你去。
20.If they had informed us，we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
21.But for his help，we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助，我们现在还在工作呢。
22.Without your instructions，I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
23.The teacher advised that we (should) make good use of every minute here.
老师建议我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
24.It is time that I went/should go to pick up my daughter at school.
我早该去接我女儿放学了。
25.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday.
伊莱扎清楚地记得一切，就好像是昨天发生的一样。
能力提升
Ⅳ.七选五
Maybe you have heard the expression “When in Rome，do as the Romans do”.So when you want to do business in France，you have to get to know French culture，to make marketing plans，and to run your business by local laws.
26 The French take great pride in their language，so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners.Also，another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country’s culture and language.
The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look the person in the eye.In social meetings with friends，kissing is common.
Use first names only after being invited to. 27 The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first，followed by their first name.
Dress well. 28 Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status.Always try to be tasteful and stylish.Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly.
The French are passionate about food，so lunches are common in doing business in France，which usually consist of an appetizer，main meal with wine，cheese，dessert and coffee，and normally take up to two hours. 29
Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”.Pass dishes to the left，keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate. 30 This may suggest that you find the food tasteless.
A.The French draw information about people based on their appearance.
B.This is a time for relationship building.
C.Wearing make-up is practiced widely by business women.
D.Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.
E.Be careful with adding salt，pepper or sauces to your food.
F.Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.
G.If eating in a restaurant，the person who invites always pays.

26.答案　D
解析　由空格后的“The French take great pride in their language，so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners.”可知，去法国做生意的人一定要注意语言，故选D。
27.答案　F
解析　由空格前的“Use first names only after being invited to.”和空格后的“The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first，followed by their first name.”可知，这里提到了称呼的问题，故选F(在姓氏之前加上先生或女士)。
28.答案　A
解析　由空格前的“Dress well.”和空格后的“Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status...to dress simply but elegantly.”可知，这里提到了穿衣打扮的问题，故选A(法国人从别人的外貌中获得信息)。
29.答案　B
解析　由空格前的“The French are passionate about food...and normally take up to two hours.”可知，这里意思是这是一个人际关系创建的时间，故选B。
30.答案　E
解析　由空格后的“This may suggest that you find the food tasteless.”可知，这里意思是往食物中添加盐、胡椒或调味酱时，一定要小心，因为这可能暗示着你觉得食物没有味道，故选E。




























































































第 4 页 共 4 页


2020秋北师大版英语必修五Unit 15 learning讲义（8）
Period Eight　Writing—A Personal Essay


个人随笔主要是写自己所见所闻(或按提示要求去写)，并适当谈谈自己的心得体会或看法、建议等。它不拘一格，短小精悍，形式灵活，可以描写或评论，或夹叙夹议或抒情等。其主要特点是层次和结构比较简单，内容单一(如写学校、环境等)，写作材料易于收集(主要是身边的世界，比较熟悉)，利于用已学知识表达生活中的内容。 在写作时，要注意把握主题，然后围绕主题安排相关的个人信息或背景材料等。譬如写学校，就要注意地理位置、科目、课外活动、理想中的学校等，然后安排好段落，层次清晰地进行表达。

1.At the moment，I go to a senior high school in my hometown.It’s quite...
2.My perfect school would be in the centre of the city，but near a...
3.Students would study all the school subjects such as...However，there would also be some new optional subjects，for example...
4.There would be many after-school interest groups，such as...
5.In conclusion，I think my school would have a good variety of activities—something for everyone.
“少年强则国强”，为圆中国梦，每个人都应有自己的梦想。回首自己的成长历程，畅想你未来的路。目前，《中学生英语报》正以“My Dream”为题向中学生征文。请根据内容要点提示，写一篇100词左右的短文应征。内容要点：
1.你的梦想是什么？
2.你为实现梦想做过什么？
3.为实现梦想你还需要做什么？
注意：可适当增加细节，以使文章内容充实、连贯。

审题
写作要求是介绍自己的梦想以及为实现梦想要做的努力。写作时应注意下面几点：
1.确定文体：这是一篇个人随笔，写作中应注意个人随笔的常规格式。
2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。
3.主体人称：由于是介绍自己的梦想，所以人称应该以第一人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：展示自己的梦想。
第二段：解释自己的梦想形成的原因(包括自己所做的事情和将要做的事情)。
第三段：对上文进行概括。

必备词汇
1.梦想成为……dream to be
2.玩电脑游戏play computer games
3.期中考试mid-term exam
4.想要放弃think about giving up
5.面对困难face the difficulties
6.在我的老师的帮助下with the help of my teacher
7.多亏thanks to
8.实现某人的梦想make one’s dream come true
关键句式
1.我梦想未来成为一位受人欢迎的老师。
I dream to be a popular teacher in the future.
2.我希望能带给孩子们知识和快乐。
I hope I can bring knowledge and happiness to children.
3.我进入阳光中学时，我还是一个孩子气的男孩。
When I entered Sunshine School，I was a childish boy.
4.那时我喜欢玩电脑游戏。
I was fond of playing computer games at the time.
5.张老师鼓励我勇敢地面对困难。
Ms Zhang encouraged me to face the difficulties bravely.
句式升级
1.请把第一和第二句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。
(1)I dream to be a popular teacher in the future because I hope I can bring knowledge and happiness to children.(用because连接)
(2)I dream to be a popular teacher in the future so that I can bring knowledge and happiness to children.(用so that连接)
2.请把第三和第四句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。
(3)When I entered Sunshine School，I was a childish boy who was fond of playing computer games.(主句使用定语从句)
(4)When I entered Sunshine School，I was a childish boy fond of playing computer games.(主句使用简单句)
3.用强调句型改写第五句话。
It was Ms Zhang who/that encouraged me to face the difficulties bravely.

用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇100词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
My Dream
I dream to be a popular teacher in the future because I hope I can bring knowledge and happiness to children.
When I entered Sunshine School，I was a childish boy who was fond of playing computer games.I still remember my first mid-term exam.I failed many subjects.It was Ms Zhang who encouraged me to face the difficulties bravely.With the help of my teacher，I redoubled my efforts.Nowadays，I always come out on top in the school subjects.I hope I can be as excellent as my teacher.
All in all，I will make full use of my every second and make my dream come true.I believe I can succeed.