中考英语二轮语法专项系列导学案1：冠词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
九年级英语语法专项系列导学案1：
专题1：冠词

一、命题趋势分析
通过分析期中、期末以及近几年中考试题可以看出,冠词为考试单选题常设考点，基本每次大型考试均有涉及。设题形式多为简单句,一个短句或两个单句的形式均有，考查以冠词基本用法为主。
高频考点为：①定冠词the（特指）；②不定冠词a/an的区别；③零冠词；复习时应以冠词的基本用法为主,同时兼顾习语及固定搭配等特殊用法，做好考试准备。

二、常见考点梳理：
冠词的位置：冠词，主要用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或物，不能离开名词独立存在，因此,冠词是名词的标志。
冠词的分类：冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)。其中，定冠词the，表特指;不定冠词(a/an)，表泛指，一般用于单数名词前。常见的零冠词，是指不用冠词的情况。

考点1：不定冠词a/an
不定冠词有a和an两种形式。一般情况下，a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
有些单词虽以辅音字母开头，但使用不定冠词an，如hour和honest以辅音字母开头，但h并不发音，因此用an；有些单词虽然以元音字母开头，使用不定冠词a。如：useful和university以元音字母开头，但使用a。
辨一辨，练一练：
— Do you know Robert?
— Yes, he is_______ university student. He likes running for______ hour every morning.
A．a; a B. a; an C. an; an D. an; a
答案: B
解析:考查不定冠词a/an的用法
解题思路：(1) 明确选择标准；
选择不定冠词a/an取决于（）
A. 单词的第一个字母是元音字母还是辅音字母；
B. 单词的第一个字母的第一个音标是元音还是辅音
C. 单词的第一个音标是元音还是辅音
(2) 试总结u开头单词前的a/an选择问题
① [?] an umbrella; an unhappy/unhealthy boy
② [j] a university; a useful book
常见用法为:
泛指(数量中的)“一个”或 (类别中的) “一类”。
如: He is an office worker. (本句中，an表数量中的一个，即一名工人)
A plane is a machine. (本句中，a表类别中的一类，而不能理解为一架飞机)
用于第一次出现的人或物前，意为“一个”，如:This is a dictionary.这是一本词典。
辨析：事物第一次出现时用a/an，当同事物再次出现时需用the。
辨一辨，练一练：
（2013 聊城中考）There is _____ American boy in our class and _____ boy can speak good Chinese.
A. an/the B. a/an C. an/an D. a/the
答案: A
解析：根据句意得知，我们班有一位美国男孩，第一次出现且American的第一个因素是元音，故选择an。这个男孩汉语说得很好，第二次出现，表特制，选the。
3.用在序数词前,意为“又一, 再一” 如: He failed twice, but he still wanted to have a third try.
4.用在重量、长度、时间等单位名词前,表示“每一”，相当于 every。如: once a week每周一次。
5.用于某些固定短语中。如:a few一些; have a good time玩得高兴; have a rest/break休息一会; take a 1ook看一看;leave a message 留口信quite a few,相当多;go for a walk去散步;make a telephone call打电话
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1.— Look! Who's _____ boy over there?
— Oh, he is my cousin, Bob. He is _____ honest boy.
a: the B the: a C the; an D. a: an
解析：上句中over there用于修饰或限定boy，指那边的那位男孩，表特指，选the；下句中，他是一位诚实的男孩，honest的第一个音素为元音，所以选择C。
2. — Kate, are you _______ only child in your family?
— Yes, but_______ new baby is on the way.
A; the B an: the C the; a D the; the
解析：根据句意得知，Kate是家里唯一的孩子，表特指，选the；一个新婴儿正在路上，且new的第一个音是辅音/n/，所以选择a。
练一练，想一想：
1. _______ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. A B. An C. The D.不填
2. Vera and Mike come from ___ European country. They are in ___ same school now.
A. a; the B. an; the C. the; the D.an; an
3. — Does Heze have _______ airport?
—No, but we can take ___ bus to Jinan or Zhengzhou.
A.an; the B an; a C. the; a D a; a

考点2：定冠词the
1.表特指，用于被介词短语或限制性定语所修饰的名词前, 指特定的人或物。如: The man on the right is my father.右边的男人是我的父亲。上句中，介词短语on the right修饰名词man，表特指。
2.特指上文已提到的或谈话双方都知道的人或物前。如:On the right there was a bed, and on the bed there was a boy,在右边有张床,这张床上有个玩具。
想一想，练一练：
— Kate，give me ____ book, please.
— OK, here you are, Tom.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：A
解析：上述情景对话中，Tom与Kate谈论的对象明确，且对话双方都已知晓，选the。
3.用在乐器名词之前。如: She plays the piano well..她弹钢琴弹得很好。
4.①用在可数名词单数前,表示某一类人或物;②和某些形容词连用,表示一类人,在意义上常是复数;③用在姓氏的复数前,指一家人或夫妇。如:The dog is more useful than the cat.狗比猫更有用。the old老年人; the sick病人; the rich富人;the disabled 残疾人；the Smiths史密斯夫妇
5.用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级前。如: the first floor第一层; the tallest tree最高的树
辨析：一般情况下，序数词前用the，意为“第……”，但不定冠词a/an也可用在序数词前,意为“又一, 再一”。
6.表示世界上独一无二的事物,用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉等名称前。如: the Pacific太平洋; the sun太阳 the world世界。
7.用于某些固定搭配中。如: all the year round整年; in the end最后; on the whole整体上,大体上;by the way顺便说一下; in the train在火车上;in the sun在阳光中; at the age of…在……岁时
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1. — Linda, have you heard _____song Little Apple?
—Is it the one Chopsticks Brothers sang last year? Maybe it's _____ most popular song in 2014.
A. a: the B. the; the C a: an D the: a
答案：B
解析：歌曲小苹果为特指，选the；popular的最高级前加定冠词the。
2. In Chinese, _____date 5-20 has a similar pronunciation to "I love you", making it _____ lucky and romantic day.
A. a; the B 不填; a C. the; a D a; 不填
答案：C
解析：5-20为特定一天，特指，选the；根据句意得知，使得它成为一个幸运而又浪漫的日子，选a。
练一练，想一想：
1. — Have you watched _____ TV program Running Man?
— Yes, it’s so excellent that I want to watch it __ second time.
A. a; the B. a; an C. the; an D. the; a
2. — Do you know ____ woman in red?
—Yes, she is a professor of ___university.
A. the; a B. a; an C. the; an D.不填; the
3. This afternoon my grandfather bought a magazine and a newspaper. The magazine is in his bag, but he can’t remember where he put ___ newspaper.
A. a B.an C. the D. 不填

考点3：零冠词
1.在三餐、球类运动和娱乐活动前，不加冠词。如：have breakfast吃早餐，play soccer踢足球
辨析：表球类运动时，不加冠词；表球类物品时，可加冠词。一般情况下，三餐前不加冠词，但三餐名词前有定语修饰词时，可加冠词。
2. 当by与交通工具连用时，后直接加交通工具的单数形式，不加冠词。如：by bus 乘公共汽车
温馨提示：直接+单数
在月份、季节、节日、假期、日期、星期等表示时间的名词前，不加冠词,如：in August in summer on Sunday。
如果季节、月份等日期名词前有限定词时，加定冠词，如：He came into Beijing in the winter of 1990.
4. 在人名、国名、称呼语或头衔等专有名词前，不加冠词。如：China is a great country.中国是一个伟大的国家。
5.某些短语中有无the，含义不同。如：go to school/go to the school; at table/at the table; in hospital/in the hospital; in front of/in the front of; by sea/by the sea;
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1. —Does your father go to work by ___ car every day?
—No, he sometimes takes ___ bus.
A. a; the B. the；a C.不填a D. a；不填
答案：C
解析：当by与交通工具连用时，后直接加交通工具的单数形式，不加冠词，故选C。
2.—Will you stay for ____ supper with us?
—Sure, I’d love to. Home cooking is just what I like.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
答案：D
解析：一般情况下，三餐前不加冠词。
练一练，想一想：
1. It’s a good habit to go to ___ bed early and get up early.
A. a B. an C. the D.不填
2. —Do you play ___ piano in your free time?
—No, I like sports. I often play ___ soccer with my friends.
A. 不填; the B. the, 不填 C the; the D. a; a
3. ____man in a black hat is my PE teacher. He often plays ___football with us.
A. A; the B. The；a C The; 不填 D. A; 不填


三、真题提升练：
1. Mr. Wang, our English teacher has ___ 18-year-old daughter.
A. an B. a C. the D.不填
2. — You’ve dropped ____ “s” in the word “necessary”.
— Oh, ___ letter “s” is doubled.
A. a; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; the
3.—How was ________ dinner at Mike’s house?
—It was great. Mike’s mum is _________ wonderful cook.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; an
4.—Listen! Someone is playing ______ piano.
—Wow! ______beautiful music! I like it very much
A. a; what B. an; How C. the; What D. 不填; How
5. Gelivable (给力) has become ______ hot word this year.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
6. London will hold ______ 30th Olympic Games in July, 2012.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
7. This is ______ 3-D printer. And this is an artificial (人工的) ear. Can you believe that scientists printed this artificial ear by this 3-D printer?
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
8.—Do you know________ girl in red?
—Sure. She's my classmate Mary.
A. the B. a C. an D. 不填
9. —Lily, there is _________ schoolbag near the window. Is it yours?
—Yes, it is. Thank you!
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
10. A good beginning makes _________ good ending.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
11. Samaranch, who is __ old friend of Chinese people, died on April 21, 2010.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
12.—Mum, I want to buy ________ new toy car.
—But ________ old one is still running, isn’t it?
A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an
13. Mary was born in 1998 and she began to play __ guitar at the age of seven.
A. a B．不填 C．the D.an
14.—What do you think of the boy?
—He is ___ honest student today and ___ useful man tomorrow.
A. a; an B.an; a C.an; an D. a; a
15. Look！There is ___ bottle on the table.
A. a B.an C．the D.不填

参考答案：
考点一：1. B 2. A 3.B
考点二：1. D 2. A 3. C
考点三：1. D 2.B 3.C
真题提升练：1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
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