中考英语二轮语法专项系列导学案2：数词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
九年级英语语法专项系列导学案2：

专题2：数词
一、命题趋势分析
数词是历年试题必考知识点之一，所占分值不多，一般在1～2分之间，涉及题型主要为单选、单词拼写、听力选择与词汇运用，考查点主要集中在基数词和序数词的辨析/运用、不确切数词的表达以及分数表示法。
复习时,应注意时刻表达法、加减法、日期表达法、分数的表达法及基数词在句中与名词的搭配等,尤其是序数词的拼写、分数表示法及hundred/thousand/million的用法。

二、考点梳理：
数词的概念及分类：表示数量多少或顺序先后的词，即为数词，可分为基数词和序数词。表示数量的词是基数词，如one、two、three等；表示顺序的词是序数词，如first、second、third等。

考点1：基数词的用法
1.不确切数字的表达法
（1）基数词或表数量的形容词修饰?hundred,?thousand,?million, billion时,无论数量为几，这些词一律用单数形式;
（2）若这些词前没有具体的基数词,且与介词of连用构成短语，表示不确定数目时,这些词要用复数形式。如:?hundreds?of?visitors几百位参观者;?millions?of?workers数百万工人。
想一想，练一练：
Did you know that the earth is home to ______ animals?
A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of
答案：D
解析：根据提议得知，地球是数百万动物的家园，考查million表约数的用法，即millions of，选D。
2. On July 2nd this year, ______ people celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival near the Songhua River. To our joy, there was little rubbish left.
A. thousands of B. thousand C. two thousand
答案：A
解析：根据句意得知，今年的七月二号，成千上万的人庆祝端午节，考查thousand表约数的用法，选A。
2. 有关年龄的表达
（1）in one's+整十的复数,意为“在某人……岁时”。如: The scientist invented a new machine in his forties.
想一想，练一练：
词形转化：He became a super star in his _____(forty).
答案：forties。
解析：他在四十多岁时成为了一位超级巨星。
（2）“基数词+单位名词（+形容词）”相当于复合形容词，用于修饰名词作定语时，名词用单数，且各部分之间加连字符“─”，如：He is an eight-year-old boy；
“基数词+单位名词（+形容词）”作表语时，不受上述限制。
此结构也可用于其他意思的表达，如; a ten-meter-wide river; It’s a five-minute walk from the school to the library.
辨析：“基数词+单位名词（+形容词）”作表语形容词与定语形容词时，在形式上有什么区别？
3.日期表示法
（1）表示年月日时,“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词。如:2015-6-8 June eighth,2015
（2）年代表达法：in+the+年的复数,意为“在几十年代”。如:20世纪80年代1980s nineteen- eighties Our country changed in the eighties of last century.我们的国家在上个世纪八十年代发生了巨大变化。
4. 时刻的表示法
（1）整点表达法：基数词+o’clock；
（2）顺读法：按顺序，先读小时数，后读分钟数；如:8:15 eight fifteen
（3）逆读法：分钟数+past/to+小时数；
注意：当分钟数小于或等于30分钟时，需用past；当分钟大于30分钟时，需用to。如：8:15 a quarter past eight; 11:50 ten to twelve
想一想：从1:58到2：00怎样表达？
答案：from two to two to two
5.编号表达。如:Room 306 306号房间; Lesson 5第五课; Bus 432 432路公共汽车。
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1. Two ____ students ____ to the opening ceremony last Friday.
A. hundreds; were invited B. hundred; were invited
C. hundreds of ; invited D. hundred of; invited
答案：B
解析：上周五，二百名学生受邀参加开学典礼。考查hundred表确切数字及被动语态的用法，选B。
2. Now, everybody, please turn to Page _____ and look at the ________picture.
A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; five
答案：B
解析：考查编号表达法，选择B。
练一练，想一想：
— How many American students came to visit your school yesterday?
— Nine. Five are from New York, and the other ____ are from Boston.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
2. The teacher was very angry because the boy made ____ mistakes in his homework.
A. one B. Fifth C. five
3. —I'm going to take this summer holiday in Taiwan.
—Oh, really? Taiwan is ____ a beautiful island that ____ people in Guangdong go to visit it every year.
A. so; thousands B. so; thousands of
C. such; many thousand D. such; thousands of
4. The workers will complete the new bridge in ____.
A. two and a half months B.?two?months?and?half
C.?two?and?a?half?month D.?two?month?and?a?half

考点2：序数词的构成及用法
1.序数词的构成
序数词表示序列，常在基数词后加th构成，一般情况下在序数词前加定冠词the。
基数词变序数词的规律:
(1) 第1至第19：一般是在基数词后加th，但变化特殊的one→first; two→second; three→third; five→fifth; eight →eighth; nine→ninth; twelve→twelfth。
想一想：上述词形变化有什么规律？
(2) 逢十的twenty, thirty...ninety,分别改y 为ieth，如:twenty→ twentieth; ninety→ ninetiet
(3) 表示第几十几或第几百几十几,只需将个位数改为序数词。如:56→fifty-six→fifty-sixth 635→ six hundred and thirty-five →six hundred and thirty-fifth.
2.序数词的用法
(1) ①与冠词连用的不同意义。一般情况下，序数词前加the，表示“第几”。如: The first one is what I really need. 第1个是我真正需要的。但也可以加不定冠词，表示 “又一、再一”
想一想：序数词前加the或a/an在意义上有什么区别？
②数词+more+名词或another+数词+名词,可表达“另……,再……”如：two more students
(2) 序数词前若有限定词，则不加the。如：It’s my second time to Beijing.

考点3：分数/百分数的表达法
1.分数的表达法
在表示分数时，分子要用基数词,分母用序数词。如果分子大于1，分母序数词必须用复数。如:?三分之二two?thirds四分之一one?fourth/quarter 十分之八eight?tenths
2.百分数的表达法
百分号用percent?表示，没有复数形式，常与介词by搭配，表幅度。
如: 6% six?percent 0.68% zero?point?six?eight?percent
想一想：分数/百分数+of+名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数？
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1.My grandparents live in an old apartment with ______floors and they are on the ____floor．（　　）
A．fifth； three B．fifth； third C．five； three D．five； third
答案：D
解析：根据句意得知，我的爷爷奶奶住在一个五层小楼，他们住在三楼。
2. –What do you think of the environment here?
–Wonderful! ___ of the land ___ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; is C. Two fifths; are D. Two fifth; are
答案：A
解析：考查分数表达法，分子基数词表示，分母序数词表示；分子大于或等于2时，分母加s。
练一练，想一想：
1. Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her ____birthday.
A. sixteen B. sixteen’s C. sixteenth D. sixteenths
2. —This is the ____ time that I come to Paris. I have been here twice.
—Me too. The world is so large that I want to see more of it.
first B. second C. third

三、真题提升练：
1. 一The book Journey to the West is very popular.
一Yeah, more than ____ students in our school bought it.
A. three hundred B. three hundreds C. hundred of
2. Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the ______ English Training.
A. two-month B. two-months C. two months D. two month
3. 一What' s five and seven?
一It’s ____.
A. twelve B. twenty C.thirty-five
4. During the May Day holiday，we stayed in a mountain village with ____ trees around.
A. thousand of B. thousand C. thousands D. thousands of
5. ____ of the girls will join the summer camp to visit England.
A. Three fives B. Third fifths C. Three fifths
6. ____ people died because of the earthquake.
A. Two thousands B. Thousand of C. Two thousands of D. Thousands of

参考答案：
考点1：1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C
考点3：1. C 2. C
真题提升练：1. A 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D




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