Unit 1 Great scientists
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·江西赣中南五校第一次联考)In 2014 my best friend’s mother died of cancer. It was a tragedy, but as usual, Alice, my mother, used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet. If you asked my friends about my mother, they would say, “That woman has a heart of gold．” I agree one hundred percent.
I think the reason why she is such a wonderful person is that the Holy Spirit lives within her. She is very holy and has persuaded me to go to church with her every Sunday.
About six years ago my mom decided to pursue her lifelong goal of becoming a teacher. She knew it would be hard work raising three kids, doing housework and studying at the same time. However, she believed it would pay off. What my mother didn’t realize was that not all things pay off in this unfair world. After four hard years of school, she graduated on a warm spring day. It was unbelievable. My aunt drove up from Virginia to celebrate this fantastic day. It was the first time I had ever cried about being happy.
It’s strange how fast a life can change. Two months later, the unpredictable happened. My mother was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化症).I could not believe this could happen after all the good she had done for people. I was very confused and cried every day. My faith in God just disappeared and so did my mom’s dream of becoming a teacher.
Then, I decided I must move on with my life and accept the fact that she might never get better. Since my decision, I have become more mature, responsible and active in school and work. Through the years I have always been able to change negative situations into positive ones. I’m happy with my life now.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了乐观、积极上进的母亲影响作者的故事。
1．Which of the following can best describe Alice?
A．Honest． B．Helpful.
C．Greedy. D．Unconcerned.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“It was a tragedy, but as usual, Alice, my mother, used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet．”可知，母亲乐于帮助他人，故选B项。
2．What else did Alice have to do when studying?
A．Drive a car and go to church.
B．Teach students and raise kids.
C．Do housework and teach at school.
D．Look after children and keep house.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“She knew it would be hard work raising three kids, doing housework and studying at the same time．”可知，母亲在学习的同时还要照顾孩子、做家务，故选D。
3．According to the text, the author’s mother ________.
A．recovered from illness
B．no longer had faith in God
C．didn’t realize her dream as a teacher
D．changed negative situations into positive ones unwillingly
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“My faith in God just disappeared and so did my mom’s dream of becoming a teacher．”可知，母亲因为患病，成为教师的梦想破灭了，故选C。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Fighting Against Kinds of Diseases
B．Mother Gave Me Life Experience
C．Belief in God Brought Me Good Luck
D．How to Become a Responsible and Active Man
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述了乐观的母亲对作者的积极影响，作者由此成为了一个积极面对生活的人，故选B。
B
(2019·太原一模)Researchers are now using three?dimensional(三维的), or 3D printing to create models of the human heart to help heart specialists. The heart doctors can use the models to better help patients before an operation.
Surgeons regularly use digital images to explore the heart in close detail. But no two human hearts are alike. This leads Matthew Bramlet, a children’s heart expert, to create exact heart models from those images. He says the 3D models show information he cannot get in any other way. The 3D printed model adds a new dimension to heart surgery, allowing surgeons to see defects that might not be readily apparent in digital images.
A 3D printer uses images from a digital display to create a physical model of a human heart. Pictures from medical tests like a CAT scan or an MRI scan are sent to a 3D printer to create a heart in a plaster or a clay form. The printer then constructs the heart, a thin layer by a thin layer. Dr. Bramlet says the model matches the real heart in every detail.
Dr. Bramlet has built model hearts for different kinds of heart operations. All of the operations were successful. In his first case, digital images showed only one tiny hole in a baby’s heart. But the 3D printed model showed several defects that the baby was born with. Dr. Bramlet says those defects could not be seen easily in the images. The heart surgeon was able to change the type of surgery for the patient based on the 3D model. He adds that 3D heart models saved time during heart operations.
Kathy Magliato is a heart surgeon. She welcomes the new technology. She says it could help her make better decisions before she operates on the hearts of her patients.
Matthew Bramlet continues to research the technology. He is working with the National Institutes of Health to build a 3D library that includes heart models and images that others can use.
【解题导语】 文章主要讲述了研究人员目前正在使用3D打印技术创造的人类心脏模型，来帮助外科医生更好地救治病人。
5．What’s the limitation of digital heart images?
A．A lack of close details.
B．Inability to display defects.
C．Failure to show personal differences.
D．Inaccuracy in the size of the child’s heart.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Surgeons regularly use digital images to explore the heart in close detail. But no two human hearts are alike．”可知，外科医生经常使用数字图像来仔细研究心脏。但是没有两个人类的心脏是相像的。故可推知数字图像没有显示出个人差异，故选C项。
6．What can the heart model created by 3D printing do?
A．It can replace the human heart.
B．It can conduct heart operations.
C．It can make defects readily apparent.
D．It can serve as an alternative to a CAT scan.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The 3D printed model adds a new dimension to heart surgery, allowing surgeons to see defects that might not be readily apparent in digital images．”可知，3D打印模型为心脏手术增加了一个新的维度，让外科医生能够看到在数字图像中可能没那么显而易见的缺陷。故可推断出，3D打印心脏模型可以让心脏缺陷显而易见，故选C项。
7．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A．Dr. Bramlet wasted a lot of time in heart operations.
B．3D heart models have not been used in surgery at present.
C．All of the operations were unsuccessful without 3D models.
D．The model revealed defects previously unseen in the baby’s heart.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In his first case, digital images showed only one tiny hole in a baby’s heart. But the 3D printed model showed several defects that the baby was born with．”可知，在他的第一个病例中，数字图像显示一个婴儿的心脏只有一个小洞。但是3D打印模型显示了这个婴儿生来就有的几个缺陷。故可推断出，该模型揭示了这个婴儿心脏上以前未被发现的缺陷。故选D项。
8．How does Kathy Magliato feel about the 3D printing?
A．Tolerant. B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful. D．Negative.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的“She welcomes the new technology. She says it could help her make better decisions before she operates on the hearts of her patients．”可知，Kathy Magliato对3D打印技术是支持的，故选B项。
完形填空
(2019·成都第一次诊断)When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $ 500，000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. 1 ， she put the money in the bank and 2 writing poems.
In 2011, she finally 3 what to do with it. That year, Heather’s godson and his wife 4 their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how people’s 5 can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a 6 situation，” says Heather.
She 7 there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather 8 a nonprofit organization offering a seven?day vacation, with all 9 paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.
Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a 10 vacation, she couldn’t 11 it; disbelief even 12 her concern about leaving her two kids.
Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the 13 things. “I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the 14 would return when the 15 was over, but to her surprise, it hasn’t been back since.
Heather says Tricia’s 16 resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year. “Before the vacation they are so 17 ， but the 18 is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels 19 like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another 20 ，” she adds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。
1．A．However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Besides
C 解析：根据空处前一句中的“she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在获得了五十万美元的奖金后，她并没有买豪华汽车或飞去巴黎；结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank”可知，反而，她将这些钱存入银行。C项“而是，反而”，符合语境。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。
2．A．continued B．quitted
C．practiced D．started
A 解析：根据前一句中的“a poet”，结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank and ______ writing poems”可知，她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continued)写诗。quit“停止”；practice“实践，训练”；start“开始”。
3．A．thought over B．wondered
C．talked about D．decided
D 解析：根据下文中的“Heather ______ a nonprofit organization offering a seven?day vacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。think over“仔细考虑”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“谈到，谈论”；decide“决定”符合语境。
4．A．held B．welcomed
C．lost D．saved
B 解析：Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，那是一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。hold“握着，举行”；lose“失去”；save“拯救，节约”；welcome“迎接”符合语境。
5．A．feelings B．future
C．lives D．routine
C 解析：根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。routine“惯例，常规”。
6．A．different B．similar
C．worse D．better
B 解析：根据上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾女婴并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之间发生改变的可知，Heather开始关注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。
7．A．discovered B．claimed
C．admitted D．felt
A 解析：她发现(discovered)有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。claim“宣称；断言”；admit“承认”；feel“感觉”。
8．A．donated B．found
C．visited D．formed
D 解析：因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，为那些成为护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费(free)休假。form“建立，组成”符合语境。donate“捐赠”；find“发现”；visit“参观”。
9．A．taxes B．salary
C．expenses D．rent
C 解析：参见上题解析。tax“税”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”；expense“花费”符合语境。
10．A．free B．caring
C．short D．long
A 解析：参见第8题解析。free“免费的”。
11．A．believe B．take
C．refuse D．enjoy
A 解析：根据空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她获得了一个免费休假。A项意为“相信”，符合语境。
12．A．woke B．defeated
C．showed D．moved
B 解析：根据下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的怀疑(和向往)打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。wake“(使)醒来”；show“展示”；move“移动”。
13．A．wonderful B．delicious
C．peaceful D．simple
D 解析：根据空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。wonderful“精彩的，极棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平静的，和平的”。
14．A．heaviness B．pain
C．sadness D．disbelief
A 解析：她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness“沉闷”符合语境。pain“伤痛”；sadness“伤心，悲伤”；disbelief“怀疑，不信任”。
15．A．entertainment B．dream
C．vacation D．freedom
C 解析：根据第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation．”可知选C。
16．A．comment B．story
C．surprise D．fortune
B 解析：上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story“故事”符合语境。
17．A．worried B．confused
C．unexpected D．stressed
D 解析：根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”符合语境。
18．A．award B．change
C．scenery D．accommodation
B 解析：根据上文可知，其他看护人员和Tricia一样，在度假前他们的生活较为沉闷；结合后一句“They reflect and relax．”可知，在度假之后，他们变得很放松。据此可知，这样的改变令人惊讶。change“改变”，符合语境，故B项正确。award“奖”；scenery“风景”；accommodation“住宿”。
19．A．slightly B．interestingly
C．magically D．mostly
C 解析：这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度(angle)看待他们的生活的机会。slightly“轻微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”；magically“魔法般地”符合语境。
20．A．place B．situation
C．height D．angle
D 解析：参见上题解析。
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特征；特性
镭
分析
医生；内科医师
爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
受害者
询问
附近；邻近
泵；抽水机
(用泵)抽(水)
烟火(燃放)
图表
热情的；热心的
defeat
expert
attend
expose
cure
absorb
suspect
foresee
blame
handle
link
positive
positive
cure
attend
absorbed
was defeated
attended
exposed
to handle
challenge
challenging
cautious
caution
pollute
pollution
instruct
instruction
instructions
conclude
conclusion
contribute
contribution
reject
rejection
science
scientific
scientist
announce
announcement
announcer
certain
certainly
certainty
construct
construction
responsible
responsibility
paint
painter
painting
universe
universal
universally
movement
move
concluded
conclusion
contributed
contributions
announced
announcement
construction
construct
challenge
challenging
scientist
scientific
instructs
instruction
responsible
responsibility
put forward
draw a conclusion
expose... to
link...to...
apart from
make sense
(be) strict with...
be to blame
look into
lead to
looked into
is strict with
are linked to
drew a conclusion
apart from
lead to
neither too hot
nor too cold
Every time I hear the
English song
will you keep good
relationships
from
conclusion
In
drew a conclusion from my own experiences that
concluded from my own experiences that
on
attended
to
to invite you to attend a Tai Chi class
on
after
care
over
playing
Being exposed
are exposed
exposing→exposed
Exposed to difficult situations
吞并
吸收
理解
to absorb
absorbing→absorbed
was so absorbed in his work
So absorbed was Tom in his work
Absorbed in his work
for
on
on
to blame
Blaming→Blamed
because she was blamed for
Blamed for
to
contributes
contribution
protecting
made such a great contribution to
Such a great contribution to the university did he
make
提出
推荐
将……提前
put up with
put aside
put forward
put forward
getting
In
make sense of
takes
nor
are→is
Neither the teacher nor the students are
去掉when
去掉on
Every time he arrived home
Next time you come to Beijing
creative
deadly
painters
construction
scientific
announced
challenging
to blame
experts
instructions
去掉a
takes→take
conducting→conducted
去掉for
in→with
announce后加to
foresaw
put
made
learning English seemed so difficult that
Apart from English classes
which benefited
me a lot
you’ve been enthusiastic
to attend a
summer school
about sports
contribute to
was absorbed in reading
your understanding of the poems
attended
defeating
deadly
nor
linked
removed
the
to blame
companies
to
made great contributions
are strict
are always absorbed in
are very cautious of
have put forward
with
makes no sense
is exposed to
devote all their life to
