Unit 1 Cultural relics
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·辽宁五校协作体高三联合模拟)
Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge
This modern art gallery in a Victorian house was founded in the 1950s by Jim Ede and reopened in February, following a two-year redevelopment by Jamie Fobert Architects. This means a new cafe, a four-floor education wing and improved gallery space that can accommodate more visitors. The gallery’s permanent collection includes works of Joan Miró， Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth.
Being Brunel, Bristol
To celebrate the life and work of famous civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Being Brunel opened in March on Bristol’s harbourside. The museum included a range of interactive and entertaining exhibits, including talking portraits of his friends and family and personal possessions, including an 1821 school report. It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.
Royal Academy of Arts, London
The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary, following a renovation(翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme. These will include three galleries, which will host exhibitions, with a focus on contemporary art and architecture. The grand facade(正面) of the Burlington Gardens building has also been restored—possibly the first time it’s had a proper clean in its 150－year history.
V&A, Dundee
One of the most significant new openings of the year will be Scotland’s first designed museum—and also the first V&A anywhere outside of London—on 15 September. The museum building sits on the River Tay. It will celebrate Scottish designs and objects in its collection.
【解题导语】 该文介绍了四个艺术画廊(博物馆)的特点、展出内容等。
1．What do we know about Being Brunel?
A．It has a long school report.
B．It includes three galleries.
C．It is family－friendly.
D．It possesses permanent collections.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Being Brunel, Bristol部分中的最后一句“It is a good place for families to strengthen connections．”可知，Being Brunel是一个家庭友好型博物馆。故选C。
2．The purpose of the RA reopening is____________.
A．to expand the exhibition
B．to mark its 250th anniversary
C．to display contemporary art
D．to present its 150－year history
B 解析：细节理解题。根据Royal Academy of Arts, London部分中的“The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary”可知，RA重新开放的目的是纪念其成立250周年。故选B。
3．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To attract more visitors to the UK.
B．To compare different tourist attractions.
C．To describe some famous museums and artists.
D．To introduce openings of some famous art galleries and museums.
D 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一些著名的艺术博物馆和画廊的开幕。故选D。
B
(2019·郑州第一次质量预测)The hit movie Notting Hill(《诺丁山》) begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says, “I’m so sorry. I’m so sorry．”
His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts were from Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well—even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn’t happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the U．S.
A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say “Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying, “No, I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete for who is the most sorry.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system. “We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class．” Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts. For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry. To avoid this, they instantly say “Sorry！”
True manners are about being considerate, and today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word “sorry” has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国人的道歉文化及其原因：一是因为历史上英国的新中产阶级；二是为了避免冲突。
4．Why does the author mention a scene in the movie Notting Hill at the beginning?
A．To give an example of British modesty.
B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry.
C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the UK.
D．To draw our attention to when and how British people say sorry.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，文章开头用电影举例，描述了英国人道歉的场景，引出文章的主题——英国的道歉文化。
5．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrrell agree with?
A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible.
B．Americans care less about manners than British people do.
C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.
D．British people care too much about which social class they are from.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Mark Tyrrell...thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system．”可知，Mark Tyrrell认为英国人的道歉根源是其阶级制度。由此可推断，C项正确。
6．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．It’s unnecessary for British people to be so polite.
B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.
C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”.
D．Using “sorry” more doesn’t necessarily mean people are more polite.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容以及最后一段中的“today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were”可知，英国人道歉或是与他们的阶级制度有关，或是为了避免冲突，今天的多次道歉也并不意味着人们更有礼貌。
7．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explore the best way of saying sorry.
B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”.
C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time.
D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文由电影场景引入主题，介绍了英国的道歉文化，并介绍了英国人道歉的原因及今天道歉的意义，主要目的是介绍英国人过量道歉的原因。
完形填空
(2019·昆明高三调研)You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I didn’t consider lots of career 1 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people 2 me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my 3 .
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology 4 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of 5 you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly 6 . Dr. Espinoza was a caring and 7 teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology. Her exciting classes made me 8 that I had other choices besides being a(n) 9 . It meant I was headed for a career in biological research.
10 Dr. Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren’t just what we 11 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 12 real problems. This led me to seek out 13 to do real science projects and see if I 14 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 15 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it 16 ， I loved every minute of it.
Falling in love with 17 was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was 18 ， but helped along by many teachers and professors who 19 me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and 20 new knowledge.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了“我”上大学后，老师和教授们对“我”的专业和择业产生的深远影响。
1．A．developments B．difficulties
C．choices D．requirements
C 解析：根据下文“that I had other choices...in biological research”可知，高中毕业时，“我”没考虑过众多的职业选择(choices)。development“发展”；difficulty“困难”；requirement“所需的东西”。
2．A．appointing B．forcing
C．allowing D．encouraging
D 解析：像大多数数学和科学课程出众的学生一样，人们鼓励(encouraging)“我”以后成为一名工程师。appoint“任命，安排”；force“迫使”；allow“允许，准许”。
3．A．university B．office
C．room D．lab
A 解析：根据下文中的“While I was at university, I learned...what I learned with people．”可知，上大学(university)后，一切都发生了改变。
4．A．league B．lecture
C．test D．teamwork
B 解析：根据下文中的“and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology”可知，此处填入的词应与classes意思相近，故lecture“讲座”符合语境。
5．A．agent B．volunteer
C．host D．professor
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处指坐等教授(professor)的到来。agent“代理人，经纪人”；volunteer“志愿者”；host“主人，节目主持人”。
6．A．opposite B．traditional
C．typical D．similar
A 解析：根据上文可知，坐等教授时，“我”以为即将来上课的老师就如同电视节目中看到的那样古板、严肃，但后来“我”发现她是一位体贴且富有热情的(enthusiastic)老师。故先前想象的与实际见到的完全相反(opposite)。traditional“传统的”；typical“典型的”；similar“相似的”。
7．A．average B．casual
C．enthusiastic D．severe
C 解析：参见上题解析。average“平均的，正常的，一般的”；casual“漫不经心的，随便的”；severe“极为恶劣的，严厉的”。
8．A．realize B．regret
C．refuse D．recall
A 解析：她令人振奋的课使“我”意识到(realize)除了成为一名工程师(engineer)，“我”还可以从事生物学研究。
9．A．lawyer B．educator
C．scholar D．engineer
D 解析：参见上题解析。第一段中的“engineer”是提示。
10．A．As to B．Due to
C．On behalf of D．In spite of
B 解析：由于(Due to)Dr. Espinoza和许多其他像她一样的教授的影响，“我”发现科学家并非像我们在国家地理频道上了解到(learn about)的那样。as to“关于，至于”；on behalf of “代表”；in spite of “尽管”。
11．A．take care of B．make fun of
C．learn about D．search for
C 解析：参见上题解析。
12．A．solve B．bring
C．raise D．ignore
A 解析：他们是回答真实问题并解决(solve)实际问题的有血有肉的人。
13．A．concepts B．opportunities
C．faith D．ambition
B 解析：这引领着“我”去寻找做真正的科学研究项目的机会(opportunities)并看一下“我”是否喜欢(enjoyed)它。concept“概念，观念”；faith“信任，信仰”；ambition“夙愿，抱负”。
14．A．enjoyed B．doubted
C．recommended D．acknowledged
A 解析：参见上题解析。下文中的“loved”亦是提示。doubt“怀疑”；recommend“推荐，建议”；acknowledge“承认，感谢”。
15．A．replace B．predict
C．conduct D．copy
C 解析：在大学里，“我”学到了如何问好的问题，如何做(conduct)实验和收集数据，以及如何和别人分享“我”了解到的东西。conduct experiments “做实验”，为固定用法。
16．A．came about B．broke up
C．set off D．turned out
D 解析：结果是(turned out)，“我”喜欢科学研究的每一分钟。come about“发生，造成”；break up“粉碎，破碎”；set off“出发，动身”。
17．A．literature B．science
C．language D．art
B 解析：根据上文做科学研究项目的描述可知B项符合语境。
18．A．precious B．smooth
C．beneficial D．slow
D 解析：虽然成为科学家之路是缓慢的(slow)，但一路上有很多老师和教授给“我”引路(showed me the way)。
19．A．promised B．showed
C．left D．awarded
B 解析：参见上题解析。
20．A．record B．admire
C．create D．forget
C 解析：现在“我”在努力学习新东西并创造(create)新知识。
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(共75张PPT)
稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的
朝代；王朝
奇特的；异样的
想象；设想；爱好
城堡
审判；审讯；试验
接待；招待会；接收
花瓶；瓶
龙
非正式的
目击者；证人
遗物；遗迹；纪念物
神秘；神秘的事物
design
style
artist
worth
local
entrance
debate
select
remove
sink
explode
worth
exploded
artists
entrance
selected
debating
removed
valuable
value
invaluable
survive
survival
survivor
amaze
amazing
amazed
amazement
decorate
decoration
wooden
wood
evidence
evident
doubt
doubtful
design
designer
doubt
doubtful
doubts
evident
evidence
valued
valuable
survival
survived
survivor
designers
designed
in search of
belong to
in return
at war
less than
take apart
think highly of
look into
serve as
rather than
looking into
took apart
in search of
less than
think highly of
could not have
imagined
There is no doubt
that
which one to choose
on
survival
by
survivors
Having survived
to test
by
designers
designed to help the students
be removed
from
were removed
remove the bag from her shoulder
experiencing
very→well
watching
to be watched
of being watched
watching/to watch
of
for
去掉第一个for
in search of a job
to search for a job
to
belongings
reviewing
belong to the College Entrance Examination subjects
which all
in return
in turn
by turns
in return for
去掉back
that
whether/if
whether
whether→that
if→that
There is no doubt that/I have no doubt that
I never doubt that
to hold
to decorate
whether to accept
cultural
amazed
survival
evidence
paintings
remaining
artists
with
when
to survive
amazed→amazing
rare→rarely
actively→active
serve 后加as
for→from
Taking→Take
that→whether
belong→belongs
sank
was taken
thought
what to expect
nor does he
like his films
in search of the lost boy
to search for the lost boy
in their search for the lost boy
was designed
artists
which
in
reception
Unfortunately
doubt
wooden
what
former
belong to human beings
are well worth protecting
rather than
to search for
while only a
few have survived
make all efforts to protect them from
Without doubt
being destroyed
