Unit 4 Earthquakes
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·合肥高三质量检测)A seemingly small gesture at a restaurant outside Houston that wasn’t part of the job description for a Waffle House waitress has now had a big effect on her life.
It happened last weekend, when 18－year－old Evoni Williams was serving an elderly man breakfast. He needed help. So Williams leaned over the table with a fork and a knife and cut up his ham for him. It might have ended there, but a customer named Laura Wolf was struck enough to take a picture and post it online.
“I didn’t know the photo was taken until a couple of hours later，” Williams told the Houston Chronicle. “When I saw it, it’s just something I would do for anybody. I was so busy in here, and I actually took the time to stop and hear what he had to say instead of walking past him．”
It apparently meant something to others too. As of Sunday, more than 130，000 people had reacted to the post and nearly 7，000 have shared it. But the story has extended beyond the Internet. Williams, a recent Texas City High School graduate, was honored at a ceremony, Thursday, with a $ 16，000 scholarship to Texas Southern University. Williams has reportedly been working full－time at the Waffle House to earn money toward school. Texas Southern University has assigned a counselor to help her begin her degree and she is planning to study business management.
Media at the local, national and international level have all picked up on the story. It is a moment among several in recent years, captured in a picture, put online, and capturing the attention of the Internet: like a New York City police officer giving a homeless man a pair of boots, or a restaurant goer whose wife died of cancer anonymously(匿名地) paying for the meal of another cancer patient.
【解题导语】 餐馆服务员Evoni Williams一次善意的行为被顾客Laura Wolf拍照并上传到网络，接着引起很多关注并由此得到了奖学金和学业上的帮助。
1．Why did Laura Wolf take the photo and post it online?
A．She was really into recording some small gestures.
B．She wanted to draw attention to the restaurant.
C．She was touched by the considerate waitress.
D．She got paid by the restaurant to do so.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but a customer named Laura Wolf was struck enough to take a picture and post it online”可知，Laura Wolf拍照上传网上的原因是那位体贴的服务员的行为感动了她。故选C项。
2．What words can be used to best describe Evoni Williams?
A．Independent and caring.
B．Patient and curious.
C．Kind and generous.
D．Energetic and lucky.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When I saw it, it’s just something I would do for anybody...instead of walking past him．”和第四段中的“Williams has reportedly been working full－time at the Waffle House to earn money toward school．”可推知，Evoni Williams是一个独立且关心他人的人。
3．Why is a New York City police officer mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To prove the power of the media.
B．To advocate helping those in need.
C．To show more people tend to use the Internet.
D．To argue the Internet is the center of attention.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Media at the local, national and international level have all picked up on the story. It is a moment among several in recent years, captured in a picture, put online, and capturing the attention of the Internet”可知，此处意在强调媒体有巨大的作用，后面举的例子应是为了说明这一结论，故选A。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Wide Web, Colorful Life
B．Small Gesture, Big Effect
C．Little Effort, Big Reward
D．Young Mind, Great Influence
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段及下文女服务员因一次小的善意之举而获得很多关注并得到大学奖学金和学业上的帮助可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“小举动，大影响”。故选B项。
B
(2019·辽宁五校高三上学期模拟)“We all know that exercise is good for us, but can you get the benefits without actually doing the exercise？” asks Michael Mosley.
Having a hot bath or a sauna is a good way to soothe your arms and legs after exercise, but what happens if you do it instead of exercise? Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.
For this study I join a group of volunteers who have all been fitted with monitors which continuously record blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your “metabolic” fitness.
The first part of the experiment is very relaxing, consisting of having a long, hot bath. While I sit in the bath, which they keep at 40℃， Steve closely monitors my core temperature. Once it has risen and stayed there, I am allowed out.
A couple of hours after my bath I have a light meal. Since we want to see how having a hot bath compares with exercise, we repeat the experiment.
So what’s the result?
“One of the first things that we were looking at，” Steve says, “is the energy expenditure(消耗) while you’re in the hot bath and what we found was an 80% increase in energy expenditure just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour．”
This is nothing like as many calories as cycling for an hour (which comes out at an average of 630 calories), but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30－minute walk.
【解题导语】 实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。
5．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Exercise． B．Strengthen.
C．Relax. D．Build up.
C 解析：词义猜测题。结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松。故选C。
6．What is the purpose of the experiment?
A．To compare energy expenditure of hot bath and cycling.
B．To tell people how to lose weight.
C．To show the benefit of hot bath.
D．To encourage people to have a hot bath instead of cycling.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling．”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比。故选A。
7．What does normal blood sugar level mean?
A．It means you are healthy.
B．It means your temperature is normal.
C．It means you don’t need exercise.
D．It means your metabolic system is normal.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your ‘metabolic’ fitness．”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。据此可知，正常的代谢系统与正常的血糖水平有关。故选D。
8．If you want to burn 600 calories, what can you do?
A．Have a hot bath for one hour.
B．Cycle for one hour.
C．Have a brisk 60－minute walk.
D．Have a brisk 30－minute walk.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要消耗600卡路里，应骑一个小时自行车。故选B。
七选五
(2019·石家庄重点中学高三摸底考试)As new car prices continue to climb, you can find reliable but cheap used cars for sale. Many are readily available online, but car lots and local auto auctions(拍卖) also provide excellent sources for inexpensive vehicles. Here are the tips.
Search online
1．________. Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists. Private sellers may offer considerably lower prices for their cars than a dealer and be more receptive to negotiation. You will find dealer lists on these sites as well.
Visit local auctions
Though many car auctions take place online, you still can find a cheap used car at a specialized auto auction. These auctions, available in many bigger cities, are the same ones where local dealers purchase cars for sale. 2．________， so check with your local auto auction center to confirm.
3．________
Many organizations that manage a fleet of vehicles sell their used cars when they remove them from active service. Car rental companies frequently sell late model, relatively low mileage former rental cars for well below the price a dealer would charge for a similar vehicle. For a very cheap used car, consider buying retired police cars and government surplus vehicles．4．________.
Be prepared to negotiate
5．________， you will likely have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price. When negotiating with a dealer, according to the financial magazine Forbes, you may be able to get the lowest possible price on the last day of the month, a day with poor weather, or late at night on the weekend. Negotiations with a private seller often are more direct and consist of simply offering your ideal and reasonable price.
A．Consider retired vehicles
B．Ask advice from local dealers
C．These cars will help you save a lot
D．Unless you buy your used car in an auction
E．Rules can vary significantly from auction to auction
F．When you find a chance to ask about the local situation
G．Many private individuals start with online classified websites
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了购买廉价二手车的攻略。
1．G 解析：根据空后的“Some sites specialize in automotive sales and may contain hundreds of local lists．”可推知，一些网站专门提供售车信息而且可能包含数以百计的当地的车辆清单，因此从分类网站着手是个不错的选择，所以选G选项。
2．E 解析：根据空后的“so check with your local auto auction center to confirm”可推知，汽车拍卖行很多，规定也各不相同，因此要去当地的汽车拍卖中心确认才行，所以选E选项。
3．A 解析：根据空处所在的位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要推荐了被很多组织清除出来进行销售的二手车，故A项符合语境。本段中的“retired police cars”也是提示。
4．C 解析：承接上文“For a very cheap used car, consider buying retired police cars and government surplus vehicles．”可推知，这些车比较便宜，可以节省不少费用。所以C选项符合语境。
5．D 解析：根据空后的“you will likely have the opportunity to negotiate for a lower sales price”并结合上文推荐去拍卖行购车可推知，不去拍卖行购车的话，你将有可能和销售商谈成较低的购车价，所以选D选项。
短文改错
(2019·石家庄重点中学高三摸底考试)I’m more than pleasing to know that you are eager to learn Chinese. Confucius Institute may be a good choice, which is intended to the Chinese learners who they are not native. Confucius Institute provide various interesting subjects. You will learn Chinese history and traditional culture as well as Chinese written. Also, you have more chance to talk with classmates in Chinese. Besides, teachers will introduce some Chinese traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival or Mid－Autumn Festival. Some relevant activities will be holding during different festivals, such as making dumplings or eating zongzi, which you can not only enjoy delicious meals but also have good knowledge of Chinese life.
I hope you will find my recommendation helpful and attractive.
答案：
I’m more than to know that you are eager to learn Chinese. Confucius Institute may be a good choice, which is intended the Chinese learners who ③ are not native. Confucius Institute various interesting subjects. You will learn Chinese history and traditional culture as well as Chinese . Also, you have more to talk with classmates in Chinese. Besides, teachers will introduce some Chinese traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival Mid－Autumn Festival. Some relevant activities will be during different festivals, such as making dumplings or eating zongzi, you can not only enjoy delicious meals but also have eq \o(∧,\s\do8(a)) good knowledge of Chinese life.
I hope you will find my recommendation helpful and attractive.
①pleasing改为pleased。考查形容词。pleased是过去分词作形容词，形容人，符合语境。而pleasing是现在分词作形容词，一般修饰物。
②to改为for。考查介词。be intended for sb./sth.“为某人/某物设计”，为固定用法。故将介词to改为for。
③删除they。考查代词。分析句子结构可知，who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，因此从句中不再需要主语，故删除代词they。
④provide改为provides。考查主谓一致。根据语境可知，本句是一个客观事实的表达，且主语是第三人称单数形式，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。
⑤written改为writing。考查名词。Chinese writing “汉语写作”为固定用法。
⑥chance改为chances。考查名词的单复数。chance是可数名词，且其前有more修饰，此处表示复数概念，故将chance改为chances。
⑦or改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的并列关系，而非选择关系，故将or改为and。
⑧holding改为held。考查动词的语态。一些相关的活动将在不同的节日期间举行。根据语境可知，此处表示被动的概念，即be＋done的形式。故将holding改为held。
⑨which改为where。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词festivals。故将which改为where。
⑩在have后加a。考查冠词。have a good knowledge of...“对……有很好的了解”，为固定用法。故在have后加a。
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(共84张PPT)
裂缝；噼啪声
(使)开裂；破裂
发臭的；有臭味的
农场；农家
管；导管
运河；水道
蒸汽；水汽
水坝；堰堤
轨道；足迹；痕迹
掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
条；棒；条状物
要点；大纲；轮廓
报刊的大字标题
骑自行车的人
井
砖；砖块
burst
disaster
rescue
bury
destroy
damage
ruin
trap
electricity
sincerely
damage
disaster
had been trapped
destroyed
buried
was rescued
nation
national
nationality
shock
shocking
shocked
injure
injury
injured
express
expression
frighten
frightened
frightening
congratulation
congratulate
sincerely
sincere
extreme
extremely
judge
judgement
dirt
dirty
mine
miner
useless
useful
frightening
frightened
frightened
congratulate
congratulations
Judging
judge
judged
shocked
shocking
injured
injuries
right away
as if
at an end
in ruins
dig out
a (great) number of
cut off
be trapped in
be buried in
judge from
in ruins
Judging from
at an end
a (great) number of
dig out
too young
to understand
as if they were the only
people in the world
Everywhere he went
all the students in our school don’t
take physical exercise
in
into
with
burst into tears
Hearing the bad news
burst out crying
ruins
ruining
第三个you →yourself
which ruined his chance
ruining his chance
injured
injured
injury
With my left foot seriously injured
burying
burying→buried
buried himself in
was buried in
Burying himself in
Buried in
to
in
in
in
on
judged
a
be judged
Judged→Judging
an
apologizing
in→at
up后加as
was at an end
in the end
keeps
are learning
was donated
are
is→are
the number of English learners is on the rise
were
had been scolded
to say
hurting→hurt
as if waiting for someone
not everyone is attaching great importance to
everyone is not attaching great importance to
are not very difficult
Not both of the two maths problems
cheering
congratulations
to rescue
extremely
reporter
ruins
with
was destroyed
too
were
is→were
high→highly
everything→nothing
who→whom
millions→million
for→to
trapped前加were
第二个a→an
was dug
Trapped
woke
be blown
burst
buried
was walking along the street when
don’t agree with
everything
are those who graduate
as is shown in the report
None of them
from top universities
were injured
fell
shocked
off
completely
at
to help
who
rose
them
the electricity cut off
lay in ruins
It seemed as if
was at an end
were injured
were buried
came to the rescue right away
trapped under the ruins
in the face of
think too highly of
disasters
