Unit 2 Working the land
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·山西八校第一次联考)At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, U．S．, old?fashioned houses look over the little red barn(畜舍)．The farm is mostly empty now．Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County．As land is sold, houses go up where there once were fields.
But during the summer, the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. They’re members of the Fayette County Livestock (FCL) Club, which showcases skills as varied as cutting wool. The barn is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids don’t know anything about farm life，” said Adria Meier, 17, who has looked after goats and sheep for three years．“There is so much to learn．”
The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little red barn must do a six?hour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs, such as one that provides vet(兽医) care.
Mahan lets the group use the barn for free, and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer．But as his land gets sold, he doesn’t know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids can’t just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the barn by their mothers, who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals.
There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance, don’t cut wool off your goat when there is wind, and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isn’t something you can simply abandon，” said Carly Playforth, 16, of Lexington.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文， 向我们讲述了一群城里的孩子来到乡间农场体验不同的生活，照顾农场动物的故事。
1．What is the requirement for kids before they get animals?
A．Attend a class.
B．Pay certain money.
C．Have varied skills.
D．Get special club programs.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“must do a six?hour class before they get an animal”可知， 得到动物之前， 孩子们必须上一节六小时的课程， 这个课程可能是培训孩子们如何照顾动物的。
2．What do we know about the club?
A．It offers services unconditionally.
B．It pays for their use of the barn.
C．It lets mothers care for animals.
D．It allows mothers to push kids.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Most are driven to the barn by their mothers”可推知， 该俱乐部让孩子的妈妈督促孩子参与农场活动， 故选D项。
3．How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience?
A．Suspicious． B．Moved.
C．Appreciative. D．Opposed.
C 解析：观点态度题。最后一段首句是段落主旨句，作者引用Carly Playforth的话是为了进一步说明照顾动物教会孩子们的珍贵东西， 比如责任。 由此可知， Carly Playforth对这种经历是赞赏的(Appreciative)。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Kids’ life on a sold farm.
B．Valuable lessons learned on the farm.
C．A special club intended for Lexington kids.
D．A club activity of caring for farm animals.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知， 本文重点介绍的是FCL俱乐部借助一个农场举办的活动——让孩子们亲自照顾动物， 在这一过程中， 孩子们获益匪浅。 故D项概括最为全面。
B
(2019·昆明高三摸底调研测试)A new study shows that rising levels of planet?warming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物) in food crops.
Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice．In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein(蛋白质). The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.
The researchers said the effects of planet?warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.
Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet?warming gases threaten food quality.
Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals. Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.
The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了温室气体如何减少粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。
5．Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may ________.
A．increase iron in the rice
B．make it less nutritious
C．cause losses of vitamin E
D．make it more delicious
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels...less protein(蛋白质)．”可知， B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项的表述均与原文表述不符。
6．How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?
A．By importing rice from China and Japan.
B．By taking other kinds of food instead of rice.
C．By avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.
D．By growing rice suitable for the environment.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels．”可知， D项为正确答案。
7．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.
B．To call on people to care for the planet they live on.
C．To share the results of some studies on people’s diets.
D．To tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.
B 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知， 本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护。故选B。
8．In which part of a magazine can you read the text?
A．Advertisements.
B．Art and culture.
C．Science reports.
D．Business news.
C 解析：文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是文中的“study”“Researchers”“studies”等可推知， 本文是一篇研究报道， 在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。
七选五
(2019·武汉高中毕业班五月训练)Perhaps at one point in time, it is acceptable to start any letter or e?mail with “To Whom It May Concern”．1．________ Starting your cover letter or e?mail for a job this way might give the impression that you didn’t do your research on who you’re writing to．2．________ After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant.
3．________ It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints(抱怨) made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.
Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers．4．________ “In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad net”， notes Grammarly．“Ask yourself ‘Who does this e?mail concern？’ If you can honestly answer ‘Anyone’， then feel free to use ‘To Whom It May Concern’．”(These are the things you should never say in your cover letter．)
If you do happen to find that using “To Whom It May Concern” is appropriate, don’t make grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation．5．________
A．However, it may be interesting.
B．Those times have changed, though.
C．Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.
D．It’s also very impersonal, and some employers might not appreciate it.
E．In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.
F．You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.
G．But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it’s OK to use this greeting.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了针对不同的场合如何写信或电子邮件的开头语。
1．B 解析：上文说也许在某一个阶段，以“敬启者”开始任何信件或电子邮件是可以接受的， 下文说以这种方式开始为求职(写的)附函或电子邮件可能会给人留下这样的印象：你没有对你要写信给谁作研究。由此可知， 空处与上文形成语意上的转折关系， 故选B。
2．D 解析：上文说以这种方式开始你的为求职(写的)附函或电子邮件可能会给人留下这样的印象：你没有对你要写信给谁作研究， D项意为“这也很没有人情味， 有些雇主可能不喜欢这样”， 前后形成递进关系，故选D。
3．G 解析：下文说它可以用于推荐信、投诉公司的正式信件、介绍信和意向书。而G项“但是根据Grammarly的说法， 可以有四种场合使用这种问候语”符合语境。下文是对上文的具体解释， 其中“four times”为提示词，故选G。
4．E 解析：上文Grammarly举了这样一个例子：需要为一位同事写一封推荐信， 而这位同事需要复印几份以分发给面试官， E项“在这种情况下， 收发信件更像是一种正式的问候”与上文内容相承接， 故选E。
5．F 解析：上文说不要犯语法错误， 例如， 字母或标点符号，F项“你可能还想注意你可能正在犯的其他常见错误”，且F项中的“errors”与上文中的“mistakes”相呼应， 故选F。
语法填空
(2019·长沙名校第二阶段测试)The first U．N. Chinese Language Day at the United Nations 1．____________(observe) on Friday at U．N. Headquarters in New York in 2010．2．____________ the world’s most widely spoken language, it seems appropriate that Mandarin(普通话) has one day every year dedicated(把……专用于) to it．This 3．____________(official) marked day of Mandarin language celebration was set by the United Nations as a way of celebrating the language’s history and 4．_________(contribute) to the world．It is hoped that having one day every year 5．________ (celebrate) Mandarin will encourage more people around the world to take it up．With China likely to become the 6．____________(large) economy in the world, it is important that the wider world becomes interestingly more perfect in this wonderful language．Every year U．N. Chinese Language Day 7．__________(fall) on April 20．A great way to get 8．__________(involve) in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend one of the many Confucius Institutes(孔子学院) 9．_________ are set up by China in countries around the world．The number of people learning Chinese is on 10．____________increase in China’s neighboring countries, such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
【解题导语】 这是一篇说明文， 作者讲述了联合国确立的普通话日以及普通话在世界上的普及情况。
1．was observed 解析：考查时态和语态。依据本句中的时间状语“in 2010”可知， 此句应用一般过去时，又因observe“庆祝”与主语是被动关系， 因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．As 解析：考查介词。作为世界上使用最广泛的语言， 每年有一天专用于(庆祝)普通话似乎是很恰当的。As在这里表示“作为”。
3．officially 解析：考查副词。联合国正式确定普通话的节日是为了庆祝该语言的历史和对世界的贡献。这里用副词officially修饰形容词marked。
4．contributions 解析：考查名词。本句中的and连接了celebrating的两个宾语，即history和contribution, 又因contribution作“贡献”讲时为可数名词， 其前无限定词， 故用contributions。
5．to celebrate 解析：考查非谓语动词。人们希望通过每年有一天庆祝普通话的活动能鼓励世界上更多的人学习普通话。本句考查了have some time to do...的句式，故填不定式to celebrate。
6．largest 解析：考查形容词最高级。句中的likely表示推测， 再结合语境及空前的the可知， 这里用large的最高级。
7．falls 解析：考查时态。此处描述一般情况， 故用一般现在时。fall on意为“(节日等)适逢(某日)”，又因主语为第三人称单数， 故填falls。
8．involved 解析：考查形容词。get involved表示“参与，卷入”，其中get为连系动词， involved为形容词作get的表语， 故填involved。
9．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， 空处引导一个限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词Confucius Institutes, 空处在句中作主语， 故填that/which。
10．the 解析：考查冠词。on the increase“在增长中”， 是固定搭配， 故填定冠词the。
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(共82张PPT)
数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
晒黑的
特级的；超级的
产量；输出
循环；流传
浏览；略读
工作；职业；占领
性格；个性；人格
有机的；器官的；组织的
营养；滋养；食物
肥料；化肥
细菌
工业的；产业的
害虫；害兽；害鸟
矿物；矿石
画底线标出；强调
decade
soil
summary
regret
comment
focus
therefore
reduce
struggle
expand
grain
battle
decade
Therefore
struggle
regret
to reduce
comments
to focus
hunger
hungry
export
import
discovery
discover
discoverer
equip
equipment
confuse
confusing
confused
confusion
nationality
nation
national
disturbing
disturb
disturbed
freedom
free
confused
confusing
confused
equipment
equipped
Disturbing
disturbed
discovered
discovery
freedom
free
hunger
hungry
thanks to
rid...of
be satisfied with
would rather
build up
lead to
focus on
be rich in
keep ...free from/of
in addition
Thanks to
rid
of
were satisfied with
build up
has focused on
keep
free from
If so
the first to
taste the delicious food
make it possible for
you to meet
would rather not live in
big cities
against/with
for
to lead
Having struggled to find a job for months
for
to speak
equipped
equipment
Equipped with much experience in teaching
Equipping himself with much experience in teaching
with
confused
confused
confusing
am quite confused by Chinese table manners
giving/having given
with
having spent
I regret to tell you
Much to my regret/to my great regret
It is with my great regret that
on
focused
focused
focusing
the focus of families
积累
逐渐增强
增强……的体质
建立；创办
broke up
pick up
takes up
making up
build up our body and enrich our school life
being caught
to practice
a
while laziness leads
while laziness
while failure
results from laziness
results in failure
to failure
If so
If possible
if ever
If so, let’s have a face to face talk about table manners
stay
came
had gone
To live a low?carbon life
rather take the bus than drive a car
In order to live a low?carbon life
take the bus rather than drive a car
prefer to take the bus rather than drive a car
so that
would
would
satisfied
freedom
more confused
from
sunburnt
freedom
discovery
hunger
disturbing
enjoying
waste→wasting
confusing→confused
has→is
that→what
build→building
visit→visiting
be kept
led
Equipped
rid
has built
They would try and fail rather than give up the plan.
They prefer to try and fail rather than give up the plan.
They would rather try and fail than give up the plan.
If we don’t study
If not
hard
which made it the largest
making it the largest city
city
regret to inform you that
be free from/of worry
Having struggled
what
to grow
disturbing
expanding
of
satisfied
However
to equip
to export
lead a hard life
were always
disturbed
have struggled to search for ways
output
Thanks to
has got rid of hunger
are satisfied with their lives
would rather go to cities to find jobs
