Unit 3 A healthy life
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·福州适应性练习)If your friends are happy, it turns out you’re more likely to be happy too. If your friends are overweight, that too ups the chances you’ll gain weight. Those effects have been shown in studies. And now researchers have identified another seemingly contagious quality: exercise.
The researchers analyzed the running activity of more than a million people worldwide who used an exercise tracking device(装置) for five years. And they used weather patterns as a way to randomly examine different parts of that global network.
“Cities have different weather patterns，” Sinan Aral, a computational social scientist at MIT says. This experiment allowed them to ask: Does a rainy day in New York affect running in San Diego? If the weather in New York causes changes in the running behavior in San Diego, it can really only be happening through the influences of the friends who live between New York and San Diego.
And that is exactly what he and his colleague saw: that the behavior of one city’s runners could indeed affect the behavior of runners in another socially connected city. Women tended to be influenced more by the female runners in their networks. And less active runners tended to influence more active runners to run more, but not so much the other way around.
Still, this could be valuable for health professionals. “We have to start thinking of consumers and citizens as networked consumers and citizens. Where they are influenced by and influence their social network in very strong ways, that will change the way a particular intervention(干涉) succeeds or fails．”
In other words, if your prescription is more exercise, the doctors might want to write a prescription for your friends and family, too.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了锻炼也会传染。
1．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Infectious． B．Excellent.
C．Beneficial. D．Different.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“If your friends are happy...you’ll gain weight．”可知，这些具有传染的特征。故画线词的词义是“传染性的”。故选A项。
2．What can we conclude from the experiment?
A．Weather changes people’s feelings.
B．People’s behavior affects each other.
C．Exercise has something to do with weather.
D．People’s connection depends on distance.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“that the behavior of one city’s runners could indeed affect the behavior of runners in another socially connected city”可推知，人们的行为是互相影响的。故选B项。
3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Women are easier to be influenced by male runners.
B．People in the same city affect each other more.
C．Friends tend to influence each other in exercising.
D．A rainy day in one city affects running in another.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段的最后两句“Women tended to be influenced more by the female runners in their networks. And less active runners tended to influence more active runners to run more, but not so much the other way around．”并结合第五段内容可推知，this指代的是第四段最后两句的内容，即朋友在锻炼时往往是互相影响的。故选C项。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Think Twice Before Running
B．More Exercise Benefits Health
C．Weather Patterns Affect Running Behavior
D．Healthy Behavior Can Spread Like Illness
D 解析：标题归纳题。本篇文章开篇提到如果你的朋友快乐，那你也快乐的可能性很大；如果你的朋友体重超重，那你体重增加的概率也会上升。这些效应已经被研究证明。现在研究人员证实了另一个似乎具有传染性的东西：锻炼。故D项最适合作本文的标题。
B
(2019·合肥高三调研性检测)The San Francisco Giants added a special pitcher(投球手) for the day. It was small—yet fierce—Hailey Dawson, who has a 3D?printed hand.
The energetic 8?year?old from Nevada was invited to throw out the first pitch at the Giants game on Sunday. Hailey was born with Poland syndrome, a disorder in which affected individuals were born with missing or underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body. It affected her hand.
With a traditional prosthetic(义肢的) hand potentially costing thousands of dollars, Hailey’s mom, Yong Dawson turned to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas for help. She emailed UNLV College of Engineering, and they accepted the challenge. Brendan O’Toole, chairman of the mechanical engineering department, said he and his team had got a lot of requests, “but this one was different．” They got to work using a 3D?printer. Several prototypes(原型) and fittings later, Hailey got her first hand about four years ago.
Hailey’s mother said the hand had given her daughter a wonderful lift. “When she puts this robotic hand on, it changes her personality and confidence level，” Yong Dawson told CBS San Francisco. “I love seeing that. I just wanted her to have an even playing field．”
When she arrived at AT&T Park on Sunday, Hailey got to hang out with players in the shelter at the side of the sports field. They even let her try on their World Series rings.
Using her 3D?printed hand, Hailey threw out the perfect first pitch. Then with a wave and a smile, she headed into the stands to cheer on her newfound friends on the Giants.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了内华达大学工程学院的工作人员用3D打印技术帮助一个患有Poland综合征的小女孩打印假肢的事情。
5．What caused the function loss of Hailey’s hand?
A．A serious brain disorder.
B．A born physical problem.
C．An awful game accident.
D．An unexpected infection.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Hailey was born with Poland syndrome, a disorder in which affected individuals were born with missing or underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body．”可知，Hailey手功能丧失是天生的生理上的问题，故选B。
6．Why did Yong Dawson ask the University of Nevada for help?
A．She couldn’t find a suitable hospital.
B．She knew it had the advanced 3D?printer.
C．She couldn’t afford a traditional prosthetic hand.
D．She was forced to accept the tough challenge.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“With a traditional prosthetic(义肢的) hand potentially costing thousands of dollars, Hailey’s mom, Yong Dawson turned to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas for help．”可知，Yong Dawson向内华达大学求助的原因是传统的假肢费用昂贵，她支付不起，故选C。
7．What is Hailey’s mother’s attitude towards the 3D?printed hand?
A．Skeptical. B．Positive.
C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第一句“Hailey’s mother said the hand had given her daughter a wonderful lift．”和第四段的内容可推知，Hailey的妈妈对3D打印手持积极的态度，觉得这能够让孩子受到鼓舞，故选B。
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Mother’s Love Makes a Huge Difference
B．A Talented Young Pitcher Gets a Great Future
C．The 3D?printing Technology Is Changing Our Life
D．A Girl with a 3D?printed Hand Throws Her First Pitch
D 解析：标题归纳题。文章前两段点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要讲述了一个身患Poland综合征的小女孩安装了3D打印手，从而实现了在运动场上投球的可能性的故事，故选D。
完形填空
(2019·郑州质量预测)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in Italy. After climbing up a hill for a full view of the blue sea, I paused to catch my 1 and then positioned myself to take a photo.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind and 2 herself right in front of my 3 . Like me, she was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the scenery.
4 as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would 5 take, I was upset. Should I ask her to 6 so that I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something 7 me doing so. She seemed so 8 with her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew more 9 . The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo 10 . And now when I look at it, I think her 11 in the photo is what makes the image 12 . The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes 13 this woman is engaging in it.
This photo, with the 14 beauty that unfolded before me and the woman who “ 15 ” it, now hangs on the wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and 16 on a stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which a woman I don’t even know has been kept forever. In some ways, she has been 17 in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each other’s space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to 18 us that we all appreciate beauty, and that we all share a common 19 for pleasure and connection.
This photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken 20 between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。在一次旅途中“我”发现了一处非常值得拍摄的美景。就在“我”即将拍摄之际镜头中出现了一个“破坏”风景的女士的身影。“我”苦苦等待后这张照片中还是留下了她的身影，但却有了意想不到的效果。
1．A．sight B．breath
C．way D．attention
B 解析：catch one’s breath是固定搭配，意为“喘口气，恢复正常呼吸”。sight“视力”；way“方式，方法”；attention“注意力”。
2．A．planted B．found
C．lost D．enjoyed
A 解析：根据本句句意“不幸的是，就在我拿出照相机的时候，一位女士从后面走了过来，正好站在我的前面，挡住了我的视线”可知，本题选A。plant“稳固地放置”。
3．A．concern B．photo
C．view D．direction
C 解析：参见上题句意可知，本题选C。view“视线，视野”；concern“担心，忧虑”；photo“照片”；direction“方向”。
4．A．Cautious B．Curious
C．Casual D．Patient
D 解析：根据下文的“after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would ______ take, I was upset”可知，尽管“我”很有耐心，但是在“我”的照相机掠过太阳并聚焦“我”最终要拍摄的风景大约15分钟后，“我”感到心烦意乱。
5．A．eventually B．randomly
C．extremely D．hurriedly
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“我最终要拍摄的照片”，故选A。eventually“最后，终于”；randomly“随意地”；extremely“非常，极端”；hurriedly“匆忙地，仓促地”。
6．A．back away B．go over
C．move along D．stay out
C 解析：根据下文的“so that I could take just one picture of the landscape”可知，空处的意思应该为“移动一下(move along)”，故选C项。back away“向后退，退缩”；go over“仔细检查”；stay out“待在户外，不在家”。
7．A．caught B．sent
C．got D．prevented
D 解析：根据上文的“I could have asked her, but...I didn’t want to mess with that．”可知，“我”本来可以让她走开的，但是“我”没有这样做。故D项正确。prevent sb. doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。
8．A．anxious B．content
C．quiet D．confident
B 解析：根据语境可知，她似乎对自己的观赏很满足(content)。anxious“焦虑的”；quiet“安静的”；confident“自信的”。
9．A．excited B．annoyed
C．worried D．confused
B 解析：根据下文的“The woman was still there．”可知，又过了15分钟，“我”变得更加烦恼(annoyed)了。excited“兴奋的”；worried“担心的”；confused“迷惑的，糊涂的”。
10．A．anyway B．somehow
C．instead D．indeed
A 解析：不管怎样(anyway)，“我”决定拍照了。somehow“不知怎地”；instead“代替”；indeed“确定”。
11．A．beauty B．behavior
C．determination D．presence
D 解析：根据上文的“The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo ______．”可知，这位女士被拍进了照片里。presence“出现，存在”符合语境。beauty“美”；behavior“行为”；determination“决心”。
12．A．puzzling B．disappointing
C．interesting D．boring
C 解析：根据下文可知，这位女士出现在照片里让照片很有趣。puzzling“令人迷惑的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；interesting“有趣的”；boring“无聊的”。
13．A．unless B．because
C．although D．until
B 解析：(照片里的)风景本身就很美，因为(because)这位女士的存在，不知怎地，它(风景)充满了生机和活力。
14．A．strange B．regrettable
C．distant D．unique
D 解析：根据语境，此处指“这张照片以它独特的美展现在我的面前”，故选D项unique，意为“独特的”。strange“奇怪的”；regrettable“令人遗憾的，可惜的”；distant“遥远的”。
15．A．ruined B．created
C．missed D．discovered
A 解析：根据上文可知，“我”苦苦等待，那位女士一直没有离开，“我”只好把那位女士也拍进照片里。当时“我”觉得这位女士“破坏(ruined)”了美景。
16．A．protected B．observed
C．frozen D．drawn
C 解析：本句句意为“如果她知道了她的身影被拍摄到，并定格(frozen)在一个陌生人的卧室的墙上，她会怎么想？”，故本题选C。
17．A．hanging B．living
C．shining D．wandering
B 解析：根据语境可知，这位女士的照片被保存在“我”的私人空间里，所以，在某种程度上，她也住(living)在“我”的房子里。hang“悬挂”；shine“照耀”；wander“漫游，闲逛”。
18．A．promise B．tell
C．convince D．remind
D 解析：句意：也许这就是照片的意义：提醒(remind)我们都欣赏美，我们都有一个共同的愿望(desire)，那就是快乐和联系。D项符合语境。
19．A．respect B．plan
C．desire D．sense
C 解析：参见上题解析。respect“尊重”；plan“计划”；desire“渴望”；sense“感觉”。
20．A．conversation B．result
C．trust D．love
A 解析：结合上文可知，此处表示“这张照片是一个引起回忆的事物，一个被拍摄的瞬间，两个女人之间的一场心照不宣的对话，中间只隔着一块薄薄的玻璃”。conversation“对话”，符合语境。result“结果”；trust“信任”；love“爱”。
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(共78张PPT)
香烟；纸烟
酒；酒精
酒精的
收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
有免疫力的
药剂师；化学家
怀孕的
畸形的；异常的
(过度)肥胖；肥胖症
理解(力)
健康
抢劫；盗窃
药丸；药片
针；(注射器的)针头
偏见；成见
局促不安的；笨拙的
青少年
青春期的
青春期
abuse
ban
due
tough
quit
cigarette
accustom
accustomed
unfit
desperate
lung
packet
quit
tough
due
abused
unfit
accustomed
to ban
automatic
automatically
mental
mentally
physical
breathless
breathe
breath
strengthen
strength
disappointed
disappointing
disappoint
disappointment
relaxation
relax
relaxed
relaxing
weaken
weak
weakness
illegal
legal
judgement
judge
embarrassed
embarrass
embarrassment
addicted
addiction
addictive
addict
effect
effective
affect
stress
stressful
stressed
shame
shameful
shameless
ashamed
addicted
addictive
breathe
breathless
breath
relaxing
relaxed
relaxed
weaknesses
weak
stressful
stressed
stress
ashamed
shameful
shameless
disappointment
disappointing
disappointed
disappointed
judge
judgement
judges
effects
effective
due to
addicted to
accustomed to
decide on
feel like (doing)
in spite of
take risks/a risk
get into
at risk
manage to do sth.
have an effect on
throw away
get into
In spite of
take risks/a risk
decided on
addicted to
feel like
As has been stressed
as simple a life as
It was my confidence
and determination that
under
been stressed
stressed
stressful
which/whose importance is often stressed
the importance of
to
completing→complete
Due to my English teacher’s help
It was due to my English teacher’s help that
addicted
addiction
become/are/get addicted to
addict themselves to
Addicted to
Accustomed
to
drinking
is accustomed to living in the
Accustomed to living in the countryside
Having accustomed himself to living in the
countryside
countryside
into
effective
effective→effectively
having a great effect/influence/
impact on
of
to tell
It
shameful
be ashamed of asking the
be ashamed to ask the teacher
questions
teacher questions
at
saving→save
to lose the good chance
take/run the
risk losing the
good chance
risk of losing the good chance
take risks/a risk
as
to
as/so
did
has a garden as big as ours
has as big a garden as ours
as big as
to leave
be banned
are stressed
disappointed
embarrassed
to admit
effective
mentally
stressful
to set
to→on
strength→strengthen
disappointing→disappointed
to→for
addicting→addicted
toughly→tough
has been banned
quit/quitted
was taken
am sitting
had sent
have got into the habit of
has a bad effect on their health
It is not because he is smart but because he is diligent that
staying up
die of lung cancer and heart disease due to smoking
take effective measures
to ban smoking
may get into trouble
addicted
it
physically
Secondly
kinds
affects
to
a
and
smoking
became addicted to smoking
got into the habit of smoking
release his mental stress due to
felt ashamed of
he quit smoking
get accustomed to
In spite of a lot of pains
disappointed
his efforts had some effects on/upon
take risks to quit smoking
strengthened his relation
