Unit 4 Global warming
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·济南5月针对性练习)In 1869, the Smiley family purchased an area of land about 100 miles north of New York City. Over time, some of their property and many of the surrounding landscapes became the Mohonk Preserve, which has since grown to 8，000 acres and attracts visitors and rock climbers.
But the Mohonk Preserve also has a long scientific legacy. In the 1930s, Dan Smiley, a descendent of the original owners, began keeping track of the plants and animals that lived in the area.
Megan Napoli is a research ecologist with the Mohonk Preserve in New York. She thinks Smiley’s efforts produced a rare long?term data set of observations, which is useful for studying the impacts of climate change. For instance, other research has shown that songbirds are migrating north earlier and earlier in the spring.
It’s important for the birds to arrive at the proper time in the spring, because they need to time their arrival with the insects’ emergence. So they need to be here to establish their nesting sites and lay their eggs. Once the eggs hatch, they have their baby birds, so they need to time it when the insects are most abundant.
Napoli has begun analyzing about 76，000 observations of songbird migration dates collected by Smiley and his team to see if they, too, show that climate change has altered the timing of migrations. Her results suggest that they do.
Napoli found that short?distance migrants that spend their winters in the southern U．S. now arrive an average of eleven days earlier than they did in the 1930s. Long?distance migrants that overwinter in the tropics arrive roughly a week earlier. Napoli presented her results at a recent meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Portland, Oregon.
Meanwhile, who knows how many other long?term, personal data collections like Smiley’s are out there, waiting to be discovered and to help improve official attempts to track the planet’s changes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。1869年，Smiley一家买下了纽约市以北约100英里处的一块土地，该地区后来发展成为8 000英亩的纽约莫霍克保护区。该地区原来的主人的一个后人Dan Smiley研究该地区的动植物，记录了大量的数据，为科学家研究气候变化提供了宝贵的资料。
1．What do we know about Dan Smiley?
A．He lived in New York City.
B．He was a scientific researcher.
C．He owned the Mohonk Preserve.
D．He kept a record of wildlife.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In the 1930s, Dan Smiley, a descendent of the original owners, began keeping track of the plants and animals that lived in the area．”可知，20世纪30年代，这个地区原来的主人的一个后人Dan Smiley记录了该地区的动植物信息。故D项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The birds’ birth.
B．The birds’ arrival.
C．The nest building.
D．The insects’ appearance.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段第一句“It’s important for the birds to arrive at the proper time in the spring, because they need to time their arrival with the insects’ emergence．”可知，对于鸟类来说，在春天适时到达很重要，因为它们需要用昆虫的出现来确定它们到达的时间。又结合本段中的“Once the eggs hatch, they have their baby birds, so they need to time it when the insects are most abundant．”可知，一旦这些蛋孵化，它们就有了幼鸟，所以它们需要在昆虫数量最多的时候安排时间到达。据此可知，it指代鸟的到达，故B项正确。
3．What does Megan Napoli think of Smiley’s long?term record?
A．It has affected the birds’ migration.
B．It challenges the previous research.
C．It has changed official attitudes.
D．It is of great value to her research.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“She thinks Smiley’s efforts produced a rare long?term data set of observations, which is useful for studying the impacts of climate change．”可知，Megan Napoli认为Smiley收集的长期观测数据对研究气候变化的影响非常有用。故D项正确。
4．What can we learn from Napoli’s research?
A．It is totally based on Smiley’s long?term notes.
B．Scientists have to rely on more personal data.
C．Climate change affects birds’ migration time.
D．It contributes greatly to other personal research.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的内容尤其是最后一句“Her results suggest that they do．”可知，Napoli的研究说明气候的变化影响鸟类的迁徙时间，故C项正确。
B
(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Kazakhstan announced plans to bring wild tigers back to their historical range in the Ili?Balkhash region, and signed an agreement with World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF) to conduct a tiger reintroduction program. “It will not only bring wild tigers back to their ancestral home, but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili?Balkhash region，” said Askar Myrzakhmetov, the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
If successful, Kazakhstan will be the first country in the world to bring wild tigers back to an entire region where they have died out for nearly half a century. Tiger reintroduction projects have only been achieved within national borders and in areas that are considered current tiger habitats(栖息地). Kazakhstan’s tiger reintroduction program is unique and it desperately requires the restoration of a vast forest that is part of the wild tiger’s historical range.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, wild tigers have lost over 90 per cent of their historical range. Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s, due to the loss of habitat. To prepare for the return of wild tigers, on 1st January 2018 Kazakhstan set up a new nature reserve in the southwestern Ili?Balkhash, in order to restore the unique forest habitat. This will include the protection of existing wildlife, and reintroducing important prey(猎物), such as the endangered wild Bactrian deer.
Restoring tigers will also help protect Lake Balkhash and prevent it from repeating the fate of the Aral Sea, formerly the world’s fourth largest lake and now 10 per cent of its original size. “The hard work remains ahead of us. We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers and involve all stakeholders(利益相关者) to make this happen. That means dealing with illegal activities, having these people who govern parks be well?trained and equipped, increasing prey populations and involving local communities，” said Ekaterina Vorobyeva, Director of the WWF program.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。哈萨克斯坦通过与世界自然基金会签订协议以及设立新的自然保护区等举措开启野生老虎重新引入项目。
5．What is Askar Myrzakhmetov’s attitude toward the tiger reintroduction program?
A．Doubtful． B．Favorable.
C．Concerned. D．Disapproving.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据第一段中的“It will not only bring wild tigers back to their ancestral home, but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili?Balkhash region”可知，Askar Myrzakhmetov认为该项目不仅能让野生老虎重回家园，也可以保护伊犁——巴尔喀什地区的生态系统。由此可知，Askar Myrzakhmetov对这个项目持支持的态度。故选B。
6．What made the wild tigers disappear in the Ili?Balkhash region?
A．The increasing loss of prey.
B．The evolution of the species.
C．The lack of natural living places.
D．The serious environmental pollution.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s, due to the loss of habitat．”可知，在伊犁——巴尔喀什地区，野生老虎消失的原因是它们栖息地的丧失。故选C。
7．Which measure may be taken for the reintroduction of tigers?
A．Regulating human activities.
B．Limiting the number of prey.
C．Building a reserve for tigers only.
D．Training tigers to be more adaptable.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“That means dealing with illegal activities, having these people who govern parks be well?trained and equipped, increasing prey populations and involving local communities”可知，为了使野生老虎重回哈萨克斯坦，人们采取的其中一项措施就是打击非法活动，即要管理或控制人类行为。故选A。
8．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Efforts to Restore Forests in Kazakhstan
B．Bringing Tigers Back Home to Kazakhstan
C．Attempts to Handle Illegal Activities Effectively
D．Preventing Tigers Disappearing in Kazakhstan
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是使老虎重新回归哈萨克斯坦的一个项目的相关内容，故B项作本文标题最佳。
七选五
(2019·成都诊断)Do you spend too much on coffee? Clothing? Eating out? Adding your spending craziness to a “do?not?buy” list can keep money in your wallet, according to a writer Sarah Winfrey. A do?not?buy list is a list of items you’re not going to buy for a certain period of time, according to Winfrey. 1．________. She has a few tips on how to create your own do?not?buy list.
2．________. Do you always have to have a coffee on your way to work? Are you always the first in line to buy the newest fashion? Understanding your needs will help you figure out which items should be on the top of your list.
Track your spending. If you spend $ 6 a day on coffee, you probably already know what needs to go on your list. But if you’re not sure, you may need to go through your bank statements to figure it out. 3．________.
Don’t cut yourself off completely. 4．________， but only if it’s absolutely necessary. For example, if clothing is on your list but you need a new suit for a job interview, you should probably make an exception.
5．________. When you’ve saved enough and you’re ready to start shopping again, establish spending rules that will control impulse buying(即兴购买). For example, if you love coffee, make a rule that you can only buy one each day.
A．Know your desire
B．Have some guidelines
C．Keep track of your emotional state
D．The aim of it is to help you save money
E．If the answer is yes, you need to stop doing so
F．It’s OK to purchase something on your do?not?buy list
G．Doing so will give you insight into habits you might not be aware of
【解题导语】 你是否乱花钱？如果是的话，列一个“不买”的清单会让你省钱。如何建立一个“不买”的清单呢？本文提供了几点建议。
1．D 解析：根据前一句中的“一个‘不买’的清单是指你在一定时期内不会买的东西的清单”可知，D项“其目的是帮你省钱”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
2．A 解析：本处选择段落主题句。根据本段所讲“理解了自身需要会帮你弄明白哪些东西应该被列到清单的顶端”可知，A项“知道自己的愿望”符合段落主题。故选A。
3．G 解析：本段主要讲述了要了解你的花销，根据空前一句“但是如果你不确定自己的花费，你可能需要浏览一下你的银行结算单以弄清楚它”可知，G项“这么做会让你了解自己可能没意识到的习惯”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
4．F 解析：本段讲的是“不要完全‘不买’”，F项“你购买了‘不买’清单上的东西也没事”与此内容相符，且与后一句“但是只有在确实有必要的时候(才行)”衔接自然，故选F。
5．B 解析：本处选择段落主题句。根据本段所讲“当你省了足够的钱，再次准备开始购物时，(你一定要)建立一定的花钱规则来控制即兴购买(行为)”可知，B项“有一些花钱准则”符合段落主题。故选B。
短文改错
(2019·南宁摸底联考)I came to the U．S. as a exchange student a year before. There are four people in my host family. They are Mr. Garavalia，his wife and his child. The host family has a magic what has pulled me in and make me part of it. I remember when I first arrived at my house，it was far past their usual bedtime. But Mr. Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in．I was felt so warm after 14 hours of tired flight. Every day they treat me as if I were their really family．I love them very much.
答案：
I came to the U．S. as exchange student a year ．There are four people in my host family. They are Mr. Garavalia，his wife and his ．The host family has a magic has pulled me in and me part of it. I remember when I first arrived at house，it was far past their usual bedtime. But Mr. Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in. I felt so warm after 14 hours of flight. Every day they treat me as if I were their family. I love them very much．
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