Unit 5 The power of nature
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读提速练
阅读理解
A
(2019·昆明高三摸底调研测试)
Hiking England
DAY 1：ST. BEES TO ENNERDALE BRIDGE
Our journey sets out early this morning with a Coast to Coast tradition, approaching the Irish Sea. Then set off along the rocks of St. Bees Head. Turning inland, we’ll pause for a typical pub lunch on our way to Ennerdale Bridge, located at the foot of the Lake District mountains. (15 miles hiking, 8 hours)
Accommodations: Ennerdale Country House Hotel
DAY 2: ENNERDALE BRIDGE TO HONISTER
Today we’ll walk into the impressive Lake District National Park, where glass?like lakes reflect mountains that rise from their shores. Our pleasant walk covers the southern edge of Ennerdale Water and the park’s most western lake. After lunch near the Black Sail Hut, climb a 2，000?foot mountain and take in the beautiful views of lakes and pastures(牧场). We finish in Borrowdale, a short transfer(转乘) from our hotel. (13 miles hiking, 9 hours)
Accommodations: Inn on the Lake
DAY 3: GRASMERE TO GLENRIDDING
Take a short drive to Grasmere, where the great poet William Wordsworth wrote some of his most well?known works. Visit the poet’s home, and walk through the village where he found inspiration. Then climb over Grisedale Hause enjoying views of Helvellyn, England’s third?highest mountaintop. Hike down the valley toward Lake Ullswater and spend the night in Glenridding. (9 miles hiking, 5 hours)
Accommodations: Glenridding Lake Hotel
DAY 4: LAKE ULLSWATER TO BAMPTON
The day begins with a scenic journey on Lake Ullswater to Howtown. From here, we cross a historic Roman road on our way to Bampton. A short transfer takes us to our hotel in the typical English village of Ravenstonedale. (12 miles hiking, 7 hours)
Accommodations: The Black Swan
【解题导语】 本文介绍了由海岸向内陆为期四天的徒步英格兰行程。
1．When do travellers walk the longest distance?
A．On Day 1． B．On Day 2.
C．On Day 3. D．On Day 4.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据行程可知，第一天至第四天的徒步行程分别是15英里、13英里、9英里和12英里，故游客在第一天的徒步距离最长。
2．Where is William Wordsworth’s home?
A．At Grisedale Hause. B．At Helvellyn.
C．At Grasmere. D．At Glenridding.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据DAY 3行程介绍中的“Take a short drive to Grasmere, where the great poet William Wordsworth wrote some of his most well?known works. Visit the poet’s home, and walk through the village where he found inspiration．”可知，Grasmere是英国伟大诗人威廉·华兹华斯的故乡。
3．What is special about Ravenstonedale?
A．It offers travellers a nice pub lunch.
B．It presents beautiful views of pastures.
C．It has England’s third?highest mountaintop.
D．It is an example of traditional English villages.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据DAY 4 描述中的“A short transfer takes us to our hotel in the typical English village of Ravenstonedale．”可知，Ravenstonedale是一个典型的英式乡村。故选D。
B
(2019·太原二模)Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive?through window of a local café， he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him. He also asks the restaurant workers to tell the customer to have a great day, in case they’re not already having one.
Oliver has never made a big deal out of his own generous actions until a letter was published by a news website in November. He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast—he had saved a life.
According to the website, someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th, he was planning on committing suicide. The writer said that while he was at the drive?through window, he was planning on going home, writing a note and ending his life. When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin, however, the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day.
“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason，” said the writer. “Why me? Why today? If I were a religious man, I would take this as a sign. This random act of kindness was directed at me on this day for a purpose．”
When the writer arrived home, he couldn’t hold back his tears and started to think about the simple good deed that had affected him so deeply. “I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone. I ended up helping a neighbor take groceries out of her car and into the house．”
The writer said that in the months following that fateful event, he does at least one kind thing for others every day. “To the nice man in the SUV, thank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life，” he said. “On July 18, 2017, I had the greatest day．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Glen Oliver在得来速买咖啡时总习惯为下一位顾客付钱，没想到他的善举挽救了一个准备自杀的人的生命。这个准备自杀的人准备付钱时，得知有人已经为他付过钱了，他深受感动，放弃了自杀的念头，决定做一个善良的乐于助人的人。
4．What is Oliver’s act of kindness every day?
A．Buying others breakfast.
B．Greeting restaurant workers.
C．Publishing positive news.
D．Taking groceries for neighbors.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive?through window of a local café， he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him．”可知，Glen Oliver每天早晨买咖啡时都为下一位顾客付钱，故A项正确。
5．What is special about Oliver’s act of kindness on July 18, 2017?
A．It brought him thank?you letters.
B．It was reported on a news website.
C．It was the first time he’d paid for others.
D．It stopped someone from killing himself.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast—he had saved a life．”并结合本文最后一句“On July 18, 2017, I had the greatest day．”可知，2017年7月18日对Oliver来说是特别的一天，因为那天他挽救了一个准备自杀的人的生命，故D项正确。
6．What does the underlined phrase “picked up the tab” mean in Paragaph 3?
A．Paid the bill. B．Parked the car.
C．Left a message. D．Ordered a drink.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason”可知，那个准备自杀的人思考，为什么会有人无理由地给陌生人买咖啡；结合该句“When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin, however, the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day．”可知，当他准备付钱时，收银员告诉他坐在SUV里的那个人已经为他付过钱了，并祝他有美好的一天；据此可以判断，画线词意为“付钱”，故A项正确。
7．How did the writer of the letter feel after the event?
A．He felt guilty. B．He felt grateful.
C．He felt confused. D．He felt saddened.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“To the nice man in the SUV, thank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life”可知，那个准备自杀的人衷心感谢那个坐在SUV中的善良的人，感谢他的善良挽救了他的生命，故B项正确。
C
(2019·惠州高三第一次调研)Workers at an Indian start?up company are busy cutting metal into pieces and using them to make unusual devices. Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel(柴油) generators and turn it into ink. Young engineers believe the technology will help to clean up the air in New Delhi, India’s capital. Its air quality is among the dirtiest in the world.
People often blame the millions of cars on the streets of New Delhi for the air pollution. But another big reason is the city’s diesel generators. Industries and buildings use the huge machines to light up homes and offices during power outages. These outages often strike in the summer months.
Arpit Dhupar is one of the three engineers who set up the start?up company Chakr Innovation. He says that pollution from cars and other vehicles gets all the media attention, but adds that “the silent polluters are the diesel generators”. Dhupar decided to find a way to fight air pollution three years ago. At the time, he saw a wall blackened from the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation. Dhupar had personally experienced the effect of the air pollution. He developed breathing problems while growing up in Delhi.
After over two years of research and development, Chakr Innovation has begun selling devices to capture pollution from diesel generators. To date, the devices have been set up in 50 places, including private businesses.
The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a “heat exchanger” where the dirty particles come together. These are then moved into another area that captures 70 to 90 percent of the particulate(微粒的) matter. The carbon is isolated from the emissions and turned into ink.
In recent years, there has been a lot of talk about improving Delhi’s air by reducing vehicular pollution and making stronger rules for vehicle manufacturers. But the same has not happened for diesel generators. There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air, but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules.
Tushar Mathur works at Chakr Innovation. He feels that turning smoke into ink is a useful solution. He calls the technology “a win?win between businesses and the environment”.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍印度新德里的环境状况，向我们介绍了把烟变成墨水的一种改善环境的解决方法。
8．What do we know about the devices from Paragraph 1?
A．They are made in a big company.
B．They are cut into pieces of metal.
C．They can turn dirty smoke into ink.
D．They will certainly clean up the dirty air.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel(柴油) generators and turn it into ink．”可知，它们可以把污浊的烟变成墨水。
9．The air pollution in New Delhi may be the most serious in ________.
A．March B．July
C．September D．December
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在新德里除了车辆所产生的污染物外，柴油发电机是空气污染的另一个重要的原因，而最后一句说明夏天是停电的高峰期，而柴油发电机显然是在停电期间使用最多，可推断出夏季很可能是空气污染最严重的季节。故选B项。
10．What caused Dhupar to found Chakr Innovation?
A．The determination to fight air pollution.
B．The development of breathing problems.
C．The media attention to vehicular pollution.
D．The sight of a wall blackened by smoke.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the time, he saw a wall blackened from the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation．”可知，一堵被烟熏黑的墙使Dhupar创立了Chakr Innovation。故选D项。
11．When the device works, how are the dirty particles gathered together?
A．By cooling the polluted air.
B．By isolating the emissions.
C．By moving the dirty particles.
D．By capturing the particulate matter.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a ‘heat exchanger’ where the dirty particles come together．”可知，在一个“热交换器”里冷却空气污染物就能使脏颗粒聚集起来。
D
(2019·贵阳摸底考试)Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。
12．What can we know about green buildings?
A．Producing no waste.
B．Only using clean energy.
C．Being made of new materials.
D．Being environment?friendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。
13．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Large. B．Small.
C．Green. D．Low.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones．”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。
14．What is the purpose of using green roofs?
A．To fit the environment.
B．To keep warm.
C．To collect nature water.
D．To reduce costs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs．”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．Promoting energy efficiency.
B．Environmental benefits.
C．Green buildings.
D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。
七选五
(2019·惠州高三第一次调研)
Children’s Games in Ancient China
Unlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didn’t have smart phones, iPads or computers to entertain themselves. 1．________. Let’s take a look.
Kicking stone balls
During the Qing dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet.
Flying kites
Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. 2．________. For example, the swallow?shaped kite is a well?known Beijing style.
Playing hide?and?seek
Hide?and?seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. Even nowadays, many children like playing it. There are two ways to play. One way is covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to tease him. 3．________.
4．________
The closest thing to watching a film or television for entertainment during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. Folk artists manipulate puppets behind the screen, narrating stories and accompanied by music.
Setting off firecrackers
Firecrackers have a history of more than 2，000 years. It is said that there was a beast named Nian in ancient China. 5．________. After gunpowder was invented, it gradually replaced the bamboo joint cracker. Crackers are still set off during the Spring Festival to symbolize auspiciousness(吉祥).
A．Watching shadow plays
B．Making a film
C．Each of them has distinctive features
D．Different materials are used to make the kite
E．And to scare off the beast, people burnt bamboo joints to make them blast
F．More commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them
G．Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古代中国孩子们玩的一些游戏。
1．G 解析：此处承上启下。上文讲古代的孩子们没有智能手机、苹果平板电脑或计算机来娱乐自己，后文讲看一看他们都具体玩什么。所以此处应该是讲他们在孩童时期玩有趣的游戏，故选G。
2．C 解析：此处承上启下。根据上文所讲，现在最有名的三种风筝是北京风筝、天津风筝和潍坊风筝，并结合下文讲的燕子形状的风筝是一种有名的北京风格的风筝可知，这三种风筝都各有特色，故选C。
3．F 解析：根据上文的“There are two ways to play. One way is...tease him．”可知，此处应是玩捉迷藏的另外一种方式，故F项符合语境。
4．A 解析：此处是本段主题句。根据本段的内容可知，本段是讲观看皮影戏，故选A。
5．E 解析：空处前一句讲的是中国古代有一只叫“年”的兽，因此空处应是讲人们如何驱赶这只兽。故选E。
语言知识与写作规范练
完形填空
(2019·太原二模)On July 24, 1916, a natural gas explosion trapped 32 men working in a tunnel 250 feet below Lake Erie. The first rescuers who entered the tunnel were 1 by gas, and for hours no one else dared to enter the suffocating(使人窒息的), 2 deathtrap.
Then, late that night, someone had an idea: 3 Garrett Morgan and his new invention. Garrett Morgan was a successful 4 owner in Cleveland. The son of freed slaves and the seventh of 11 children, mechanically minded Morgan had opened his own sewing machine shop, which he soon 5 to a tailoring factory with 32 employees.
In the early 1900s, factory buildings were crowded and untidy. They were often 6 of wood, with no fire escapes. Fire could cause serious 7 . Concerned about his employees, Morgan 8 with a “safety hood(面罩)” that would allow the wearer to 9 despite a fire’s poisonous smoke.
Morgan knew smoke rises during a fire. 10 ， he created a heat?resistant hood with a long tube reaching to the floor. Wearing Morgan’s hood, a firefighter could breathe the 11 air near the 12 . Morgan lined the breathing tube with a sponge?like material that was wetted before use to 13 the air. A second tube was designed to 14 exhaled(呼出的) air.
Called to the scene on the night of the tunnel explosion, Garrett arrived with samples of his safety hood. Still in their nightwear, he and his brother Frank put on the hoods and 15 entered the tunnel. It was a dangerous 16 of the invention, but they saved two lives and 17 four bodies before officials closed the 18 . Morgan knew that more lives might have been saved if he had been called sooner.
The daring 19 made Morgan famous and brought requests for safety hoods from fire departments around the country. But his greatest 20 was knowing that his invention would save more people.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Lake Erie地区的天然气爆炸，导致32名隧道员工被困，由于有毒烟雾，最初的救援行动失败后没有人敢再进入隧道施救；有人请来了Garrett Morgan，一个安全面罩的发明者，他和他的弟弟戴上面罩勇敢地进入隧道，挽救了两条人命。这次救援行动使得Garrett Morgan声名远播，他的发明将挽救更多人的生命。
1．A．lit B．powered
C．overcome D．overheated
C 解析：根据该句中“and for hours no one else dared to enter...deathtrap”可知，有几个小时没有其他人敢进入隧道；结合该句“The first rescuers who entered the tunnel were ______ by gas”可知，最初进入隧道的人被燃气呛晕了。C项意为“被(烟或气体)熏得失去知觉，被呛晕”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“点燃，燃烧”；B项意为“提供动力”；D项意为“使过热”。
2．A．changeable B．remarkable
C．cautious D．poisonous
D 解析：根据下文第三段尾句中的“poisonous smoke”并结合该句中的“for hours no one else dared to enter the suffocating(使人窒息的), ______ deathtrap”可知，几个小时都没有其他人敢进入这个使人窒息的、有毒的危险之地。D项意为“有毒的”，故D项正确。A项意为“可变的”；B项意为“不寻常的，显著的”；C项意为“小心的，谨慎的”。
3．A．show off B．send for
C．rule out D．take away
B 解析：根据下文第五段第一句“Called to the scene on the night of the tunnel explosion, Garrett arrived with samples of his safety hood．”可知，在隧道爆炸的夜晚，Garrett Morgan带着他的安全面罩来到现场。结合该句“Then...Garrett Morgan and his new invention．”可知，该处指派人去请来Garrett Morgan，并让他带上他的新发明——安全面罩。B项意为“派人去请”，故B项正确。A项意为“炫耀，卖弄”，C项意为“排除”，D项意为“带走”，都与语境不符。
4．A．factory B．slave
C．restaurant D．store
A 解析：根据该段尾句中的“a tailoring factory with 32 employees”可知，Garrett Morgan是一个工厂的所有人。A项意为“工厂”，故A项正确。B项意为“奴隶”；C项意为“饭店”；D项意为“商店”。
5．A．declined B．decided
C．expanded D．exported
C 解析：根据该句中的“Morgan had opened his own sewing machine shop, which he soon ______to a tailoring factory with 32 employees”可知，Garrett Morgan开了自己的缝纫机店，很快就把它扩大为一家有32名员工的裁缝工厂。C项意为“扩展，扩大”，故C项正确。A项意为“下降，衰退，衰落”，B项意为“决定”，D项意为“出口”，都与语境不符。
6．A．afraid B．true
C．consisted D．made
D 解析：根据该句“They were often ______ of wood, with no fire escapes．”可知，过去的工厂通常是木制建筑，没有太平梯。be made of为固定搭配，意为“由……制成”，故D项正确。
7．A．business B．damage
C．illness D．doubt
B 解析：根据该句中的“Fire could cause serious”并结合常识可知，火灾能导致严重的损失。B项意为“损失”，故B项正确。A项意为“商业，生意”，C项意为“疾病”，D项意为“怀疑”，都与语境不符。
8．A．experimented B．associated
C．equipped D．struggled
A 解析：根据该句中的“Concerned about his employees, Morgan ______ with a ‘safety hood(面罩)’”可知，由于担心员工的安全，Garrett Morgan试验了“安全面罩”。A项意为“试验，试用”，符合语境。B项意为“联系”；C项意为“配备”；D项意为“奋斗，挣扎”。
9．A．exist B．communicate
C．breathe D．listen
C 解析：根据该句中的“that would allow the wearer to ______ despite a fire’s poisonous smoke”可知，这种面罩确保使用者能在有火灾的有毒烟雾的情况下呼吸。C项意为“呼吸”，故C项正确。A项意为“存在”，B项意为“交流”，D项意为“听”，都与语境不符。
10．A．Therefore B．However
C．Anyway D．Besides
A 解析：根据下文中的“he created a heat?resistant hood with a long tube reaching to the floor”可知，他发明了一种隔热罩，用一根长管子延伸到地板上，结合上文中的“Morgan knew smoke rises during a fire．”可知，Morgan知道火灾中的烟雾会上升，两句间为因果关系，A项意为“因此”，故A项正确。B项意为“然而”，表示转折；C项意为“反正，无论如何”；D项意为“此外，而且”。
11．A．cleaner B．thicker
C．colder D．warmer
A 解析：根据前一句中的“with a long tube reaching to the floor”可知，他发明了一种隔热罩，用一根长管子延伸到地板上，并结合该句中的“Wearing Morgan’s hood, a firefighter could breathe the ______ air near the ______．”可知，消防员戴上Garrett Morgan的面罩可以呼吸到地面附近更清洁的空气。A项意为“更清洁的”，故A项正确。B项意为“更浓的”；C项意为“更冷的”；D项意为“更暖和的”。
12．A．ceiling B．ground
C．roof D．window
B 解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“地面”，故B项正确。A项意为“天花板”；C项意为“房顶”；D项意为“窗户”。
13．A．feel B．trap
C．cool D．heat
C 解析：根据该句中的“lined the breathing tube with a sponge?like material that was wetted before use to ______ the air”可知，管子里面使用一种海绵样的材料，在使用前浸湿以冷却空气。C项意为“冷却”，故C项正确。A项意为“感觉”，B项意为“困住，使陷入圈套”，D项意为“使变热”，都与语境不符。
14．A．put on B．get off
C．pollute D．release
D 解析：根据该句中的“A second tube was designed to ______ exhaled(呼出的) air．”并结合常识可知，设计的第二根管子是用来释放呼出的气体的。D项意为“释放”，故D项正确。A项意为“上演，穿上，戴上”；B项意为“下班，出发，脱下”；C项意为“污染”。
15．A．unwillingly B．bravely
C．gradually D．simply
B 解析：根据该句中的“entered the tunnel”并结合第一段叙述的没有人敢进入隧道可知，他们勇敢地进入了隧道。B项意为“勇敢地”，故B项正确。A项意为“不情愿地”，C项意为“逐渐地”，D项意为“仅仅”，都与语境不符。
16．A．task B．test
C．game D．part
B 解析：根据该句中的“It was a dangerous ______ of the invention, but they saved two lives”可知，这是对他的发明的一次危险的测试，但是他们(最终)挽救了两条人命。B项意为“测试”，故B项正确。A项意为“任务”，C项意为“游戏”，D项意为“部分”，都与语境不符。
17．A．overlooked B．identified
C．recovered D．buried
C 解析：根据该句中的“they saved two lives and ______ four bodies before officials closed”可知，他们挽救了两条人命，并找到了四具尸体。C项意为“寻回，找到”，故C项正确。A项意为“忽视”，B项意为“识别”，D项意为“埋葬”，都与语境不符。
18．A．gap B．case
C．deal D．site
D 解析：根据该句中的“but they saved two lives and ______ four bodies before officials closed the ______”可知，在官员们关闭事故地点前，他们挽救了两条人命。D项意为“地点”，故D项正确。A项意为“缺口”；B项意为“案例”；C项意为“协议”。
19．A．rescue B．attempt
C．reform D．escape
A 解析：根据该句“The daring ______ made Morgan famous and brought requests for safety hoods from fire departments around the country．”可知，这次勇敢的救援行动使Garrett Morgan声名远播，全国各地的消防部门提出了使用安全面罩的要求。A项意为“营救”，故A项正确。B项意为“尝试”，C项意为“改革”，D项意为“逃跑”，都与语境不符。
20．A．fortune B．comfort
C．achievement D．reward
D 解析：根据语境及该句“But his greatest ______ was knowing that his invention would save more people．”可知，尽管这次勇敢的救援行动为他带来了许多回报，但他最大的回报是他知道他的发明将挽救更多人的生命。D项意为“回报，奖励”，故D项正确。A项意为“运气，大笔的钱”，B项意为“安慰”，C项意为“成绩，成就”，都与语境不符。
语法填空
(2019·武汉武昌区调研)A boy found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body 1．____________ that little hole. Suddenly it stopped 2．____________(make) any progress because it 3．____________(stick). So he cut off the remaining part of the cocoon. 4．____________ it had a swollen body and small wings, the butterfly then came out 5．____________(easy). The boy waited for the wings to become 6．____________(large) to support it. But it didn’t happen. In fact, it must have 7．____________ hard struggle to get its 8．____________(free) from the cocoon. The boy didn’t understand that the restricting cocoon and the struggle 9．____________(need) by the butterfly were a way to prepare itself for flying once it was out of the cocoon.
Our struggles in life develop our strength, without 10．____________ we never get stronger, so it’s important for us to handle challenges on our own, and not to rely on others for help.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人生哲理类夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述一个故事抒发了自己的人生感悟：人只有奋斗才能变得更加强大。
1．through 解析：考查介词。蝴蝶挣扎着迫使它的身体穿过那个小洞，表示“穿过”要用介词through。
2．making 解析：考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.的意思是“停止做某事”，其中的doing是动名词作宾语。
3．stuck 解析：考查动词的时态。突然，它停止了继续挣扎，因为它卡住了。根据stopped可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填stuck。
4．Although/Though 解析：考查连词。虽然它的身体肿胀，翅膀很小，但是它很容易就出来了。两个句子之间是一种逻辑上的让步关系，故填Although/Though。
5．easily 解析：考查副词。空处用来修饰前面的动词短语came out，作状语，因此要用副词形式。
6．larger 解析：考查形容词比较级。上文讲到蝴蝶的翅膀很小，等到它出来之后，男孩等着它的翅膀变得更大。所以要用形容词的比较级larger来作系动词become的表语。
7．a 解析：考查冠词。struggle是可数名词，表示“努力，斗争，奋斗”，a hard struggle表示“一场艰苦的奋斗”。
8．freedom 解析：考查名词。空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。
9．needed 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，而动词need与the restricting cocoon and the struggle之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用过去分词作定语。
10．which 解析：考查定语从句。生活中的奋斗能增强我们的力量，没有这些奋斗，我们就不会变得更强大。空处应用关系代词，放在介词without之后，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词Our struggles，所以要用which。
短文改错
(2019·成都第一次诊断)One of the biggest cultural difference I noticed while I was in London was why the people of London conducted themselves. It seemed that they took many pride in their country. I also notice that they always seemed to dress well, and always had their hair and makeup do. I don’t think I saw one person in sweat pants during their whole trip! At times I found it harder to make the change being in the U．S. to being in London. I’ve found out that Americans are loud! Even at the pubs and clubs in London, I felt like that we were a loudest ones!
答案：
One of the biggest cultural I noticed while I was in London was the people of London conducted themselves. It seemed that they took pride in their country. I also that they always seemed to dress well, and always had their hair and makeup . I don’t think I saw one person in sweat pants during whole trip! At times I found it to make the change being in the U.S. to being in London. I’ve found out that Americans are loud! Even at the pubs and clubs in London, I felt ⑨ that we were loudest ones!
①difference改为differences。考查名词的单复数。difference为可数名词，one of后接可数名词的复数形式，故此处应用difference的复数形式，表示“最大的文化差异之一”。
②why改为how。考查表语从句的连接词。此处指“伦敦人的行为举止如何”。从句主干结构完整，但缺少方式状语，所以用how。
③many改为much。考查不定代词。pride意为“骄傲”，为抽象不可数名词，不能用many修饰，此处应用much修饰。
④notice改为noticed。考查动词的时态。通读全文可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
⑤do改为done。考查过去分词。have sth. done为固定结构，表示“让某物被做”。该句中的their hair and makeup和动词do是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
⑥their改为my。考查代词。句意：我想在我的整段旅程中，我未看到一个穿运动裤的人。根据句意可知，这里应把their改为my。
⑦harder改为hard。考查形容词。find it adj. to do sth.为固定结构，表示“发现做某事……”，此处不是表示比较，故用形容词原形。
⑧change后加from。考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”，故在change后加from。
⑨删除like。考查固定搭配。句意：在伦敦的酒吧和俱乐部，我甚至认为我们是最吵的！根据语境可知，felt在此处意为“认为”，后跟that从句，like多余。
⑩a改为the。考查冠词。根据最高级loudest可知，此处用定冠词the。
书面表达
(2019·兰州实战模拟)假定你是李华，你所在的城市近期将举办丝绸之路国际艺术节(Silk Road International Arts Festival)，你想邀请你的英国朋友Jacob一起参加艺术节期间举行的一些活动。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．举办艺术节的目的；
2．举办时间；
3．活动内容。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jacob，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Jacob,
I am writing to invite you to take part in the colourful and interesting activities of the Silk Road International Arts Festival in our city, which will be held from 15th to 30th next month.
It is aimed to promote international cultural exchange and cooperation among countries along the Silk Road. During the festival, artists from around 60 countries will bring us many excellent performances such as dramas, dances and concerts. Other than performances, the festival also has lots of lectures and cultural seminars by scholars on topics of history and arts.
I know that you are fond of experiencing different cultures, so this festival is the one you can’t miss. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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图解；图表；示意图
火山
飓风；风暴
问卷；调查表
数据库；资料库
头盔
靴子
台风
雷暴
泉水般地喷出或涌出
喷泉；源泉
文件；证件
彩虹
阳台
候选人；候补者
宇航员；航天专家
wave
bathe
potential
threat
precious
tremble
sweat
guarantee
panic
shoot
potential
precious
guarantee
threat
Waving
bathing
equipment
equip
appoint
appointment
evaluate
evaluation
absolute
absolutely
suit
suitable
erupt
eruption
actual
actually
novelist
novel
unconscious
conscious
consciously
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
appreciation
appreciate
fog
foggy
uncomfortable
comfortable
comfort
diverse
diversity
suits
suitable
novelist
novels
appointed
appointment
anxious
anxiety
appreciate
appreciation
equipped
equipment
evaluate
evaluation
unconscious
conscious
consciously
diverse
diversity
make one’s way
glance through
vary from...to...
give birth to
be compared with...
have a gift for
be appointed as...
burn to the ground
be about to do sth.
refer to
in (a) panic
be anxious about
be home to
is home to
making my way
glance through
burnt to the
Compared with
ground
Having realized the
importance
were about to
leave when
having
been late
It is said that
to take
appointed
appointment
Appointed as president
suit
Suitable
am suitable for/am fit for
suits me
anxiety
anxious→anxiously
Anxious about the coming exam
panicked
panic前加a
in a panic
under
is guaranteed
to succeed
guarantee of happiness
way
去掉home前的to
winds its way
various
varieties
varying from Chinese stories to English stories
finished
to do
leading
his eyes fixed
with his eyes
fixed on the blackboard
on the blackboard
to have acted
to be heating
is hoped
It is said that
is said to have written a report
absolutely
appreciation
to be appointed
to enjoy
uncomfortable
was burned
when
Having waited
to evaluate
saying
去掉a
to→for/about
appoint→appointing
are→is
absolute→absolutely
waved后加to
burnt
be panicked
were shot
began
heard
winding its way
express my sincere appreciation and thanks to
glancing at his watch
only to be told
was appointed
occasionally
an
boiling
less
that
its
to have
eruption
to
volcanoes erupt
cause panic and have potential
Actually
make it impossible for flights to
work
to
evaluate the quality
in order not to get into panic
are about to
should take notice of
