Unit 1 A land of diversity
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·南昌项目一模) When I was five or six years old, I remember watching TV and seeing other children suffer in other parts of the world．I would say to myself, “When I grow up, when I can get rich, I will save kids all over the world．”
At 17, I started my career here in America, and by the age of 18, I started my first charity organization．I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from six?year?old Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia(白血病), and whose story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to my grandmother, who lost her battle with cancer in 2012, and her death is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF)．We’re all human．And we all just want a chance: a chance at life, a chance in education, a chance at a future, really．And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.
People make it seem too hard to do charity work．The truth is, you don’t have to be rich to help others．You don’t need to be famous．You don’t even have to be college?educated．But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood．You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can．And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person, one organization, one situation that touches your heart．My grandmother always used to say, “If you’ve got a dollar, there’s plenty to share．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。小时候在电视中看到世界其他地方遭受困苦的孩子时，“我”便下定决心长大后要帮助他们；十八岁时“我”创立了自己的慈善组织。慈善无关贫富，无关名誉，无关教育背景；从帮助身边的人做起，你将成就你的事业。
1．What did the author want to do at a young age?
A．Watch TV.
B．Grow up quickly.
C．Become wealthy.
D．Help other children.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句“I would say to myself，‘When I grow up，when I can get rich，I will save kids all over the world．’”并结合第一段内容可知，小时候在电视中看到受苦的孩子，作者想要在长大后帮助他们，故D项正确。
2．What directly caused the author to create and develop the CLF?
A．A six?year?old kid’s request.
B．Her grandmother’s death of cancer.
C．Many volunteers’ inspiration.
D．Other organizations’ encouragement.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“to my grandmother，who lost her battle with cancer in 2012，and her death is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation(CLF)”可知，在2012年，祖母不敌癌症病魔而去世，这促使作者成立了克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会(CLF)，故B项正确。
3．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A chance． B．A task.
C．A life. D．An organization.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的最后一句“And at CLF，our mission is to impact as many lives as possible，but it starts with just one．”可知，在克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会中，我们的任务是尽可能影响更多的生命，但这个任务从影响一个人的生命开始。根据该句中的“as many lives as possible”，结合“but...just one．”可知，画线词one指代“a life”，故C项正确。
4．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A．Do little things to help those around them.
B．Work hard to get a college education.
C．Challenge their friends to offer help.
D．Do charity work whoever you are.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的第五句“But it starts with your neighbor，the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class，the kid down the block in your neighborhood．”可知，慈善工作可以从帮助你的邻居开始，帮助现在在你身边的人开始，帮助上课时坐在你旁边的人开始，帮助你家附近街区上的小孩开始。据此可以判断，作者建议慈善从帮助身边的人做起，故A项正确。
B
(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect．Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun．Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day．A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up．But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.
The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas．That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly．As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to live during a heat wave．To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.
As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青)．It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring．And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality．Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘) and other breathing problems.
Of course, L．A．will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city．Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops—at least those not already covered in solar panels．While L．A．is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees．L．A．is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.
“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person，” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement．“Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了洛杉矶采取的降温方法，除了种植树木外，更主要的是将道路漆成灰白色、将房顶漆成白色，这些措施有效而环保，不仅降低了降温成本，还改善了空气质量，降低了哮喘等呼吸性疾病的发病率。
5．Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?
A．Planting more trees in the streets.
B．Covering the streets with gray paint.
C．Applying reflective paint to rooftops.
D．Furnishing every house with air conditioners.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“air conditioning sends power bills soaring”可推知，夏天人们大量使用空调；又根据常识可知，空调外机的运行会导致气温上升，从而导致热岛效应，故D项符合题意。
6．What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?
A．How to make the city cooler.
B．Where to wear a white shirt.
C．Why to coat the roads with black paint.
D．When to cut off the electricity supply.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler．”可知，为了保护人们的身体健康，在炎热的夏季，城市的官员们着重考虑如何降低城市的温度，故A项正确。
7．What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?
A．Increasing the indoor activities.
B．Promoting the sale of air conditioners.
C．Making life easier and more comfortable.
D．Reducing the number of cold days.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段，尤其是该段第二、三句“It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring．And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality．”可知，使用CoolSeal不仅有助于降低温度，还能在夏季节省空调开支和改善空气质量从而让人们过得更舒适，故C项正确。
8．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．L．A．adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.
B．L．A．calls on people to fight against global warming.
C．More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.
D．L．A．is painting its streets gray to keep the city cool.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了洛杉矶为了降低城市气温，除了种植树木外，还将道路漆成灰白色，并将房顶漆成白色，这些措施有效而且环保，不仅降低了降温成本，还改善了空气质量，降低了哮喘等呼吸性疾病的发病率。据此可知，D项最能概括文意。
完形填空
(2019·合肥教学质检)About six years ago I was going through a tough time, trying to work two jobs to afford my rent. On a cold Sunday morning, I went to GameStop—a video game retailer(零售商), to 1 the game I’d reserved. A woman in a car parked outside called me when I 2 the store. Though it was in broad daylight, I was 3 about it and kept some distance when I walked over. She said she couldn’t walk and 4 me to purchase a Kinect, a popular game, for her as her 5 Christmas gift. Due to her leg disease it was 6 for her to move around. She called ahead but the employee wasn’t willing to 7 . She gave me about $100 in cash AND her credit card.
I walked back in and bought the Kinect. Then it occurred to me that this woman, a complete stranger, 8 me. What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and just 9 her cash? She couldn’t know I wasn’t a 10 ； and how could she possibly have so much 11 someone?
I handed her the cash back, 12 I had to pay with her card—it was above$100 at the time, and handed over the 13 and her credit card．“This is what my son’s been longing for. Thank you! By the way, just from 14 at you, I know you are the one who’ll be a friend to someone 15 . You have a face of an angel！” she said. She gave me $10 and 16 to take it back. Then she 17 ， saying “Merry Christmas！”
She had no idea how much of a 18 even $10 made. I was able to buy a few cheap groceries for the week and it really made a 19 time in my life a little better. She may think I helped her; 20 ， I truly feel like the one who was being gifted something amazing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”穷困潦倒，在取消自己在游戏零售商那里的订单时，碰到一位腿部有病的女士让“我”帮她买一款游戏作为她送给儿子的圣诞礼物。事后她给了“我”10美元，这10美元使“我”之后一周的生活好过了一点。“我”由此感慨：你帮助了别人，实际上别人也帮助了你。
1．A．donate B．cancel
C．win D．return
B 解析：根据该句中的“I went to GameStop—a video game retailer(零售商)，to ______ the game I’d reserved”，并结合上文提到的“我”处境艰难可推知，“我”是去游戏零售商那里取消订单的，故B项“取消”符合语境。A项意为“捐赠”；C项意为“获胜”；D项意为“返回”。
2．A．kept B．approached
C．decorated D．exited
D 解析：根据该句“A woman in a car parked outside called me when I ______ the store．”，并结合下文中的“walked back in”可知，此处表示“我”走出商店时，一位女士叫住了“我”。D项意为“退出，离开”，符合语境。A项意为“保持”；B项意为“靠近”；C项意为“装饰，修饰”，都与语境不符。
3．A．shy B．crazy
C．disappointed D．positive
A 解析：根据该句“Though it was in broad daylight...kept some distance when I walked over．”可知，尽管当时是大白天，“我”走过去时还是和她保持一定的距离。be shy of/about(doing) sth.“对(做)……心怀顾忌”符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“疯狂的”；C项意为“失望的”；D项意为“积极的”，都与语境不符。
4．A．forbade B．encouraged
C．requested D．allowed
C 解析：根据该句中的“She said she couldn’t walk and ______ me to purchase a Kinect, a popular game”可知，她无法行走，请“我”帮她购买一款名为Kinect的游戏。C项意为“请求”，符合语境。A项意为“禁止”；B项意为“鼓励”；D项意为“允许”，都与语境不符。
5．A．own B．employer’s
C．husband’s D．son’s
D 解析：根据下文中的“my son’s”，并结合该句中的“a popular game, for her as her ______ Christmas gift”可知，这位女士买游戏是要作为圣诞礼物送给她儿子的，故D项正确。
6．A．painful B．convenient
C．funny D．secure
A 解析：根据该句中的“Due to her leg disease”可推知，她行走时会感到疼痛；A项意为“疼痛的”，符合语境。B项意为“方便的”；C项意为“有趣的”；D项意为“安全的”，都与语境不符。
7．A．order B．share
C．help D．pay
C 解析：根据该句中的“She called ahead but the employee wasn’t willing to”，再结合上文描述的她坐在车里，由于腿部有病无法行走可知，她提前打过电话，但是店员不愿意帮助她。C项意为“帮助”，符合语境。A项意为“命令”；B项意为“分享”；D项意为“支付”，都与语境不符。
8．A．fooled B．trusted
C．inspired D．annoyed
B 解析：根据该句“Then it occurred to me that this woman, a complete stranger, ______ me．”可以判断，“我”想到这位女士，一个从未见过的陌生人相信了“我”。B项意为“相信，信任”，符合语境。A项意为“欺骗”；C项意为“激励”；D项意为“使恼怒”，都与语境不符。
9．A．throwing B．tearing
C．pocketing D．losing
C 解析：根据第一段最后一句“She gave me about $100 in cash AND her credit card．”可知，她不但给了“我”100美元现金，还给了“我”信用卡；结合该句“What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and just ______ her cash？”可知，“我”没有用其他方式支付而将她的现金据为己有；C项意为“将……据为己有”，符合语境。A项意为“扔”；B项意为“撕开”；D项意为“丢失”，都与语境不符。
10．A．video game maker B．porter
C．game seller D．cheat
D 解析：根据上一句“What was it that stopped me from lying about the payment method and just ______ her cash？”，再结合第一段中她将现金和信用卡交给“我”的描述可知，她不可能知道“我”不是一个骗子，而她怎么可能这么相信他人。D项意为“骗子”，符合语境。A项意为“电子游戏制造商”；B项意为“杂务工，服务员”；C项意为“游戏销售者”，都与语境不符。
11．A．patience with B．faith in
C．respect for D．mercy on
B 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“对……有耐心”；C项意为“尊敬……”；D项意为“对……仁慈”，都与语境不符。
12．A．arguing B．lying
C．promising D．explaining
D 解析：根据该句中的“I handed her the cash back, ______ I had to pay with her card—it was above $100 at the time”可知，“我”将现金递给她，解释说游戏价格超过100美元，所以只能用信用卡支付。D项意为“解释，说明”，符合语境。A项意为“争论”；B项意为“撒谎”；C项意为“承诺”，都与语境不符。
13．A．game B．cheque
C．ticket D．change
A 解析：根据第一段中的“to purchase a Kinect, a popular game”可知，她想要为儿子买一款流行的游戏；结合该句中的“and handed over the ______ and her credit card”可知，“我”将买好的游戏和信用卡递给了她。故A项正确。
14．A．laughing B．glancing
C．yelling D．pointing
B 解析：根据下文的“You have a face of an angel！”可知，她认为“我”有一张天使般的面孔；结合该句中的“By the way, just from ______ at you, I know you are the one”可知，她一看到“我”，就知道“我”会成为有困难的人的朋友。glance意为“一瞥，扫视”，符合语境。A项意为“笑”；C项意为“叫喊”；D项意为“指”，都与语境不符。
15．A．in need B．in public
C．in return D．in danger
A 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“在困难时”，符合语境。B项意为“公开地”；C项意为“作为回报”；D项意为“处于危险中”，都与语境不符。
16．A．offered B．managed
C．refused D．decided
C 解析：根据该句“She gave me $10 and ______ to take it back．”可知，她递给“我”10美元，并拒绝收回。C项意为“拒绝”，符合语境。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“设法做成”；D项意为“决定”，都与语境不符。
17．A．came over B．drove away
C．fell down D．pulled up
B 解析：根据该句“Then she ______， saying ‘Merry Christmas！’”和第一段中的“A woman in a car parked outside called me”可知，这位女士是驾车来的，故在驾车离开时她对“我”说“圣诞快乐！”。B项意为“驱车离开”，符合语境。A项意为“过来”；C项意为“跌倒”；D项意为“慢慢停下，拔起”，都与语境不符。
18．A．difference B．living
C．bargain D．profit
A 解析：根据下文中的“I was able to buy a few cheap groceries for the week”可知，用这10美元，“我”购买了一些便宜物品度过了一周；结合该句“She had no idea how much of a ______ even $10 made．”可知，她不知道这10美元对“我”起了多么大的作用。make a difference为固定搭配，意为“有作用”，故A项正确。B项意为“生计”；C项意为“交易”；D项意为“利润”，都与语境不符。
19．A．happy B．carefree
C．confusing D．hard
D 解析：根据文章首句中的“a tough time”可知，D项“艰难的”符合语境。A项意为“幸福的”；B项意为“无忧无虑的，不负责任的”；C项意为“令人困惑的”，都与语境不符。
20．A．finally B．therefore
C．however D．otherwise
C 解析：她可能认为“我”帮助了她，然而，“我”感觉其实自己才是受到馈赠的那一方。空处前后为转折关系，故用however，故C项正确。
PAGE
- 1 -
(共77张PPT)
海峡
北极的；北极区的
联邦制的；联邦政府的
侄子；外甥
关切的；体贴的；深思的
代理；副职
刮；剃
面包房；面包厂
海鸥
牛(总称)
哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
权威；权力
当局；官方
清晰的；明显的；明确的
铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条
百分比；百分率
地极；电极；磁极
正义；公平
插入；嵌入
means
hardship
occur
reform
hire
nowhere
luggage
grasp
conductor
slip
boom
despite
customs
booming
nowhere
Despite
Grasp
have occurred
reformed
majority
major
elect
election
applicant
apply
application
apparent
apparently
indicate
indication
indicator
fascinating
fascinate
racial
race
punishment
punish
major
majority
major
election
elected
applicants
apply
applications
Apparently
apparent
live on
by means of...
make a life
keep up
back to back
team up with
mark out
take in
a great/good many
apply for
a great/good many
keep up
applying for
team up with
make a life
It is likely that
That’s why his answer
was not
It is believed that
teenagers without
having breakfast will
not only fall asleep
easily in class
by
has been tried
have been tried
By no means is punishment a wise choice
find
were/was
in
the majority of
election
elected
去掉elected后的the
will be elected to take part in
occurred
It
It occurred to him that
It hit him that
It struck him that
indicating
indication
As is indicated in the picture
to make
to
you will try to make a life for yourself
吸收
欺骗
理解
收留
take up
took over
taken on
taking off
take in
why
why
that
that
why
That’s because
to have succeeded
to be
is believed to be
booming
applicants
indicating
reformed
arrival
to be found
punishment
prefer
up
why
has→have
have→has
去掉with
去掉第一个of
Having后加been
slipped
were taken
occurring
what was called the North Pole
Compared with the size of the whole earth
It is likely that
It is believed that
the majority of them are from Europe
Nowhere else
attracts so many
immigrants
A great many
hardships and racial prejudice
to make a new life
getting adapted to
have been kept up
That’s the reason why
