Module 4 Which English？
(建议用时：30分钟)
阅读理解
A
(2019·石家庄一模)Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most times the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, an adorable blue?eyed robot, a human avatar, and some high?tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.
The Robot AVatar thermal?enhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by Laura Ann Petitto, an educational neuroscientist, at Washington，D.C.’s Gallaudet University. The learning process begins when the robot’s camera, which is focused on the baby’s face, detects tiny changes in his/her body temperature. This, combined with the baby’s facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond, “Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up with a nursery rhyme, fairy tale, or some essential social communication, all in American Sign Language(ASL). The “conversation” continues until the kid loses interest.
The researchers, who have been testing the system for three years, found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.
What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive nature and real?time response to the baby’s actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system’s long?term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。
1．What can the RAVE system help parents do?
A．Improve babies’ health condition.
B．Take good care of babies.
C．Develop babies’ language skills.
D．Keep babies company.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now, an adorable blue?eyed robot, a human avatar, and some high?tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.” 以及第二段中的“The Robot...a team of researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．How babies learn ASL effectively.
B．How parents educate their babies.
C．How robots talk and read to babies.
D．How the RAVE system works.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。
3．What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system?
A．Interest in videos and TV shows.
B．Changes in their body temperature.
C．Improvement in their natural language.
D．Hand movements in a rhythm like ASL.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babies as young...a few minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。
4．What do the researchers think of the RAVE system?
A．Promising. B．Impractical.
C．Satisfactory. D．Disappointing.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。
B
(2019·呼和浩特调研)Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn’t have the fear to move on. This is because they have failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don’t let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.
Risk?taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk?taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.
Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a spacecraft; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take risks when they buy parts of a company; however, without doing that, they could not make more money.
We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking risks. It is all part of the game. It’s one of the most important parts of life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，通过介绍生活中充满冒险，告诉人们：没有冒险就没有收获。
5．Some people don’t want to take risks, mainly because ．
A．they are too lazy to move on
B．they feel pleased with the present life
C．they have failed several times before
D．they show little interest in the strange world outside
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This is because they have failed a few times in their lives.”可知，一些人不想去冒险主要是因为他们曾经失败过几次。
6．What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Taking risks.
B．Fighting off enemies.
C．Discovering new territories.
D．Becoming stronger and stronger.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Risk?taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories.”可知，冒险使得我们的祖先变得越来越强壮，使得他们能够击退敌人，发现新领地。画线部分所在句意为“这种态度已经成为我们现代文化的一部分”，由此可知，画线部分指的是冒险。
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Daily life is full of risks.
B．The safest place has the greatest risk.
C．People should take risks when they are young.
D．We can always achieve our goals by taking risks.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，生活中充满了冒险。
8．What would be the title for the passage?
A．Taking Risks Is Easier Said than Done
B．Risks Taken by Ancestors
C．Live Our Life to the Fullest
D．No Risk, No Gain
D 解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提到当我们想要达到某个目标时，冒险对我们是有利的；又根据最后一段第一句“We need to take risks so that we can gain something.”可知，本文的主旨是“没有冒险就没有收获”。
完形填空
(2019·沈阳模拟)It was an unforgettable weekend. I had a great time at the 1 . However, after I reached home, I noticed my owl necklace was 2 . I was so anxious that I 3 every room in the house, but my efforts were 4 vain. Then I decided to head back to the beach. My husband thought I was 5 ， as the huge beach was nine miles from our home. How could I 6 one tiny necklace？What if it came off in the ocean？I was 7 to even consider that as a possibility. I knew I had to try.
After searching for several hours at the beach, I 8 an elderly man with a metal detector(探测器) in his hand. I 9 up to him and asked whether he had come across a necklace. He opened his hand and showed me his 10 —some coins. He said if he saw my necklace he would 11 return it to me. I also wanted him to have enough 12 to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address. Then I left.
My husband 13 me and said that he would buy me a new one. But I turned down his nice 14 ， as that necklace couldn’t be 15 . It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that 16 necklace. There had been a yard sale in my community. Among the things that were put on 17 he found the necklace. Unable to 18 it, my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) 19 .
Unexpectedly, three days later, I received a package. Inside were a $5 bill and my owl necklace. The moment I saw the necklace, I couldn’t help 20 ．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在沙滩上把自己的项链丢失了，后来又回到沙滩上找，却没有找到，最后项链被一个老人找到并寄给作者的故事。
1．A.campus B．beach
C．library D．museum
B 解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，这里应该指的是在沙滩上。
2．A.broken B．stolen
C．lost D．disappearing
C 解析：根据下文作者后来又去沙滩上找项链可知，此处应指项链丢失了，lost“丢失的”符合文意。
3．A.searched B．cleaned
C．occupied D．measured
A 解析：根据上下文可知，项链丢失了，此处应该是在家里找。search表示“寻找”，符合语境。clean“弄干净”；occupy“占据”；measure “测量”。
4．A.for B．with
C．in D．at
C 解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，在家里没有找到。in vain表示“徒劳，白费功夫”，符合语境。
5．A.curious B．anxious
C．careless D．crazy
D 解析：根据下文的“as the huge beach was nine miles from our home”可知，沙滩很大并且离家那么远，故在作者决定去沙滩寻找项链时，丈夫认为作者发疯了(crazy)。curious “好奇的”；anxious “焦虑的，不安的”；careless “粗心的”。
6．A.find out B．locate
C．describe D．observe
B 解析：此处表示在一个沙滩上找一个微小的东西。locate表示 “确定……的位置，定位”，符合语境，故选B项。find out “查明”，一般宾语是抽象的东西；describe “描述”；observe “观察”。
7．A.unable B．eager
C．prepared D．unwilling
D 解析：前一句说项链有可能掉进了海里，这样的话，项链就不能找到了，作者显然是不愿意这种情况发生的，所以选D项。
8．A.rescued B．noticed
C．admired D．hired
B 解析：作者寻找了几个小时后，不经意间看到(noticed)一个手里拿着金属探测器的老人。rescue “拯救”；admire “羡慕”；hire “雇用”。
9．A.raced B．walked
C．crawled D．approached
A 解析：根据上下文可知，作者急切地想找到项链，所以跑向了老人。race “快速移动”。walk “走”；crawl “爬”；approach “接近”。
10．A.achievement B．equipment
C．charge D．priority
A 解析：根据上文提到的老人手里拿着金属探测器可知，他在沙滩上寻找东西，再根据作者问他是否看到一条项链时，他摊开手，手里只有几个硬币，且根据破折号可知，这里应该用achievement“成就”。equipment“设备”；charge“费用”；priority“优先(权)”。
11．A.randomly B．gratefully
C．gladly D．sincerely
C 解析：根据下文老人把找到的项链还给作者可以推知，老人此时说的应该是如果看见项链他会乐意(gladly)把它归还给作者。randomly “随机地”；gratefully “感激地”；sincerely “真诚地”。
12．A.time B．postage
C．reason D．ability
B 解析：根据空后的“to mail it so I gave him a $ 5 bill and told him my name and my address”可知，作者给他邮资(postage)让他邮寄项链。
13．A.promised B．reminded
C．blamed D．comforted
D 解析：根据上下文可知，找不到项链的作者非常着急，丈夫要给作者买一条新的，这应该是安慰作者的话，comfort“安慰”，符合语境，故选D。promise“承诺”；remind“提醒”；blame“责备”。
14．A.gesture B．invitation
C．assistance D．comment
A 解析：本段第一句是丈夫安慰作者的话，只是丈夫展现的一种姿态(gesture)，nice gesture表示“友好的表示”，gesture“(表明感悟或意图的)姿态，表示”，符合语境，故选A。invitation“邀请”；assistance“帮助，援助”；comment“评论”。
15．A.compared B．decorated
C．replaced D．recognized
C 解析：根据上文的“But I turned down his nice ”和下文的“It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that necklace.”可知，这条项链是其他项链无法替代的。compare“比较”；decorate“装饰”；recognize“认出”。
16．A.similar B．precious
C．temporary D．expensive
B 解析：根据上下文可知，那条项链很珍贵(precious)。similar“相似的”；temporary“暂时的”；expensive“昂贵的”。
17．A.schedule B．occasion
C．approval D．display
D 解析：根据“There had been a yard sale in my community.Among the things that were put on he found the necklace.”可知，当时社区在进行庭院旧货出售，既然父亲发现那条项链，说明当时那条项链在展出(on display)。on schedule “按计划时间”；on occasion “间或”；on approval “供试用的，包退换的”。
18．A.afford B．devote
C．preserve D．repair
A 解析：根据下文的“my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner”可知，当时父亲买不起那条项链，afford“承担得起……的费用”，符合文意。devote“献身”；preserve“保持”；repair“修理”。
19．A.advantage B．decision
C．exchange D．reward
C 解析：既然买不起，父亲提出给项链的主人做一个书架以换取(exchange)那条项链。advantage“优势”；decision“决定”；reward“奖赏”。
20．A.laughing B．screaming
C．exciting D．crying
D 解析：根据上文内容可知，作者的那条项链意义特殊，对作者来说非常珍贵，老人把它和作者给他的五美元邮寄费一起寄来，作者忍不住哭(crying)起来了。
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(共63张PPT)
方言，地方话
痕迹，踪迹
独一无二的；独特的
祖先，前辈
节奏；韵律
革命
特点；特色；情调
此外，而且
极好的；优秀的
简单的，易懂的
进退两难的境地；困难的抉择
有关的；切题的
荒谬的，荒唐的
概念；观念
弄明白；澄清
趋向；倾向
不明确的；含糊的
笨拙的
挑选，选择
收回；撤销(说过的话)
潜在的；可能的
辱骂；恶语；滥用
对……不忠
偏见；歧视
抵触；冲突
寓意；教育意义
更好的；更强的
地位
将……分类
matter
count
link
debate
acquire
convey
thus
reject
overcome
oppose
conveying
rejected
overcame
counts/matters
instantly
instant
recognisable
recognise
recognition
complain
complaint
investigate
investigation
convinced
convince
convincing
association
associate
associated
significance
significant
resist
resistant
resistance
approval
approve
curiosity
curious
curiously
associated
association
approval
approve
significant
significance
convincing
convinced
curiously
curious
curiosity
complained
complaint
tell...apart
as long as
lie in
in conclusion
a huge number of
get down to sth.
let sb.down
or rather
get down to
In conclusion
tell
apart
lie in
as long as
of
convincing
to change
convinced
去掉of
convincing→convinced
Convinced that you like paper?cutting
building
opposite
opposite
Opposing→Opposed或去掉第一个to
opposed it/were opposed to it
With a lot of people opposed to/opposing the new
proposal
to
through
over
get across
help us get through difficult situations
out
alone
of
let him down．
or
if→whether
Whether we are successful or not
Whether it will do us harm or good
conveyed
down
complaints
of
convincing
doing
playing
to do
in
whether
approval
opposed
To→In
去掉will
去掉when
去掉under后的the
去掉rejected后的to
an
different
really
another
that
had been living
differences
in
spoken
is known
With the development of international trade
It is very significant for us to acquire
communicate with foreigners
lose a huge number of opportunities
are convinced that
lies in
As long as we get down to studying hard
will be difficult to overcome
