Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe
(建议用时：35分钟)
阅读理解
(2019·石家庄教学质量检测二)No spacecraft will ever land on the sun. The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. But this year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any man?made craft has flown before. The mission(任务) is a big development for scientists and, maybe, for everyone else.
In the summer of 2018, NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar Probe. After a journey of nearly 90 million miles, it will fly within 3.85 million miles of the sun. Within two months of launching, the probe is expected to reach the sun’s corona(日冕). That’s the sun’s outer atmosphere of gas.
Getting there won’t be easy. Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has proved difficult. But that hasn’t stopped engineers from trying. Temperatures in the corona can reach millions of degrees. The probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2，500. That’s still a heavy heat load for a spacecraft. But a 4.5?inch?thick heat shield(护罩) will protect the probe’s camera and scientific instruments.
NASA says the data the probe collects could provide knowledge into the physics of stars. Our sun is special to us. But as a star, it’s rather common. So the better we understand how it works, the better we understand all stars of mass and colors.
Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles stream through the solar system. They can disable communications satellites and shut down power systems. One study has found that a very intense solar storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the U．S. alone. It could also black out the East Coast for a year.
Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves. That could make even a mission with a billion?plus price tag one of NASA’s great bargains.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。2018年夏天，美国航空航天局计划发射Parker Solar Probe(帕克太阳探测器)，该探测器收集到的数据有利于研究太阳及太空中的其他恒星，更重要的是，这还会让我们了解有很大的破坏作用的太阳风暴，从而预测它们，保护我们自己。
1．What can we learn about the probe?
A．It’ll fly closer to the sun than the previous ones.
B．It’s the first man?made instrument to fly to the sun.
C．It’ll get to the core of the sun in nearly two months.
D．It’ll fly about 3.85 million miles to reach the corona.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But this year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any man?made craft has flown before.”可知，今年要发射的宇宙飞船比以往的任何人造飞行器都更加靠近它(太阳)，故答案是A。
2．What is the challenge for the engineers?
A．Directing the probe to collect data.
B．Reducing the temperature of the probe.
C．Building a shield against the heat.
D．Limiting the probe to proper regions.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“challenge”和“engineers”定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has proved difficult. But that hasn’t stopped engineers from trying.”和“But a．..instruments.”可知，对工程师来说，设计出能够到达太阳日冕的宇宙飞船的挑战在于研发能够抵挡太阳的“高温”(heat)的护罩，故答案是C。
3．What might be the best title?
A．Exploring the Stars
B．Getting Close to the Sun
C．Designing a Spaceship
D．Protecting Earth
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了美国航空航天局打算2018年夏天发射宇宙飞船到达太阳日冕的事情，这次飞船将比以往任何人造飞行器更加靠近太阳。题目要体现出文章的核心词 “太阳”，故答案是B。
4．Where does the value of the mission lie?
A．Monitoring satellites.
B．Exploring solar energy.
C．Developing scientific instruments.
D．Forecasting solar storms.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“value of the mission”定位到文章的第五、第六段。根据第五段第一句“Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms.”和第六段第一句“Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves.”可知，帕克太阳探测器所收集到的数据能让我们更多地了解太阳风暴，从而预测它们，保护我们自己。故答案是D。
七选五
(2019·贵阳第一学期检测)Reading is an interesting and useful thing. You can read a novel or a poem. But do you know how to read? Here’s some advice for you.
Define your purpose of reading. Before you start reading, ask yourself why you are reading this book.1. . Being specific and clear about your reading purpose not only helps you to eliminate books that you don’t need to read, it also reminds you why reading the book is important to you as you are reading it.2. ．
3． ．Whether you are reading fiction or nonfiction, it’s important to enjoy what you read. Your friends may recommend books that they love, but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy.
Give up books that you don’t enjoy. You may have selected books that are aligned(使一致) with your purpose.4. ．But as you are reading them, there may still be some books that you won’t enjoy reading. Whenever you realize that you aren’t enjoying the book you are reading, give it up. Remember reading shouldn’t be a chore(令人厌烦的工作)．
Give yourself a deadline to complete each book. Before you read each book, ask yourself when you need to complete this book. When you don’t set a deadline to complete your book, there isn’t a sense of urgency.5. ， you tend to procrastinate(拖延)．
A．When something is urgent
B．When something isn’t urgent
C．Because reading is very important
D．Read only what you are attracted to
E．You may have selected books that you are attracted to
F．Most people read for two main reasons—pleasure or knowledge
G．This motivates you to keep reading and complete the book faster
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，提供了几条阅读的建议。
1．F 解析：上文提到要明确你阅读的目的，在你开始阅读之前，问问自己为什么要读这本书，而F项指出，大多数人阅读的原因有两个，一个是快乐，一个是知识，前后语义衔接，故选F项。F项中的“two main reasons—pleasure or knowledge” 与文中的purpose相呼应。
2．G 解析：上文说明确你的阅读目的不仅可以帮助你排除你不需要阅读的书，这也提醒你读(正在读的)这本书的重要性，这会激励你不断地阅读并更快地完成这本书，故G项与此处匹配。
3．D 解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。下文说无论你读的是小说还是非小说类纪实作品，享受你所读的东西是很重要的。D项 “仅阅读能够引起你的兴趣的东西”，概括准确，故选D。其中 “what you are attracted to” 与 “enjoy what you read” 相呼应。
4．E 解析：上文提到你可以选择与你的阅读目标相一致的书，E项提到你可能选了一些能够引起你的兴趣的书，前后语义衔接，故选E。
5．B 解析：下文说你倾向于拖延，且空处后为逗号；结合空前一句可知，空处所在句表示当事情并不紧急时，你有拖延的倾向，前后语义一致，故选B。
语法填空
(2019·安徽知名示范高中联合质检)Have you ever thought about the best meal you have ever eaten? For many people, it isn’t just about the quality of the food; it’s also about great memories of a particular vacation or the person it was shared 1. . We asked 100 famous chefs from around the world 2. their best meals were, and we got some 3.
(interest) answers.
As the researchers expected, 30% of the chefs 4. (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult. 20% 5. (consider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best one in their lives, and another 10% said that a meal while they were on vacation with their wife 6. husband was the best of all time. 15% said that a simple meal that they often cooked at home ranked 7. (high) than any other meals, and the same number said that their best dish was something they made at the place where they worked. 8. (surprising), 10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant! These best 9. (cook) in the world would pick McDonald’s or KFC if they had the choice of what 10. (eat)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。就什么是最佳美食，研究人员对世界上一百名著名的厨师做了调查，得到了许多非常有趣的答案。
1．with 解析：考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，最佳的美食不仅仅与食物的质量有关，还可能与假期的美好回忆或共同进餐的人有关。share with为固定搭配，意为“与……分享”。
2．what 解析：考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作及物动词asked的宾语；该引导词也作从句的表语，故用what 引导该宾语从句。
3．interesting 解析：考查形容词。根据空后的名词 “answers”可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式。
4．surveyed 解析：考查过去分词。chefs和动词survey 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示 “被调查的厨师”，故用过去分词作后置定语。
5．considered 解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“said”可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。被调查的厨师中有百分之二十认为在豪华的饭店就餐时吃的饭菜是他们人生中的最佳美食。
6．or 解析：考查连词。根据空前的“wife”和空后的“husband”可知，和妻子或者丈夫度假时吃的饭菜是他们人生中的最佳美食，空处表示选择关系。
7．higher 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的“than”可知，该处用形容词的比较级形式，表示家常便饭比其他任何饭菜更好，故用比较级higher。
8．Surprisingly 解析：考查副词。空处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式，表示令人惊讶的是，这些厨师中有百分之十的人认为他们一生中最喜欢的美食在是快餐店吃的饭菜。
9．cooks 解析：考查名词单复数。cook为可数名词，根据该句中的“These”可知，该处用复数形式。
10．to eat 解析：考查动词不定式。分析该句结构可知，此处应用疑问代词what＋to do作介词of的宾语。
短文改错
(2019·福州八县/市一中联考)As teenagers, we should attach great important to reading. Reading can benefit from us teenagers a great deal. Firstly, reading improves our school grades. Secondly, reading helps us expanding our horizons. Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to their own problems. Finally, reading is a enjoyable experience.
It is strongly suggested that our spare time is made full use to read as much as possible. We teenagers should stay devoted to read what we are interested in. Besides, we should active participate in some activities that are related to reading, what we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.
答案：
As teenagers, we should attach great to reading. Reading can benefit us teenagers a great deal. Firstly, reading improves our school grades. Secondly, reading helps us our horizons. Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to own problems. Finally, reading is enjoyable experience.
It is strongly suggested that our spare time made full use to read as much as possible. We teenagers should stay devoted to what we are interested in. Besides, we should participate in some activities that are related to reading, we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.
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(共65张PPT)
飞跃，跳跃
收看(电视)；收听(广播)
历史性的，有重大历史意义的
任意的；随机的
紧张关系
权力；权威
起誓保证
爆炸；迸发
(刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个，第二个
控制
光荣；荣誉
抽象的
预知；预见
命运；天命
同情；同情心
忠诚；奉献
一致的；吻合的
宗教信仰
尊贵；尊严
祷告；祈祷
剧烈的；激烈的
稳定的；安定的
给人深刻印象的；戏剧性的
蓄意地，故意地
accustomed
witness
decade
sorrow
view
acknowledge
deed
defeat
accuse
aid
broad
impact
acknowledged
witnessed
accustomed
deeds
sorrows
assume
assuming
assumption
patience
patient
patiently
advanced
advance
depend
dependent
dependence
independence
relief
relieve
devotion
devote
devoted
consult
consultant
observation
observe
patient
patience
patient
patiently
depended
independence
dependent
devoted
devotes
devotion
assumed
assumption
advanced
advance
in spite of
at the very beginning of
a series of
accuse sb.of doing sth.
pray for
be similar to
set in motion
make it
set out
get/be/become accustomed to
a series of
accuse
of
get/are/become accustomed to
set out
In spite of
no
accustomed
talk→talking
am accustomed to living/accustom myself to living
Accustomed to living in the countryside
Accustoming myself to living in the countryside
be assumed
assumption
Assuming (that)
is acknowledged
acknowledged
stealing
being defeated
It is widely acknowledged that the shortest distance
between persons is a sincere smile.
about
consultant
去掉about
consulted with my teacher
Having consulted with my teacher
of
accused
as
was accused of cheating in the exam
was charged with cheating in the exam
as/though
Although/Though
although→as/though
Hot as/though the night air was
is acknowledged
it
relief
as/though
being treated
more expensive
depending
of
to have seen
to solve
in→on
for→of
patient→patience
在whether前加about
Devoting→Devoted
on
accustomed
using
that/which
to have lost
achievement
Sadly
happened
advanced
the
The last decade has witnessed a series of historical successes
has set out to
have made it
In spite of
it is acknowledged that
is similar to
whether there is life on Mars depends on
