中考英语二轮语法专项系列导学案3：代词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
九年级英语语法专项系列导学案3：
专题3:代词

一、命题趋势分析
代词是历次大型考试常设考点，题型涉及单选、完形填空、单词拼写及词汇运用，主要考查点包括人称代词主格与宾格的区别、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法比较、反身代词的运用及固定搭配、不定代词的情景运用及与形容词和副词的位置关系、定语从句中关系代词的选择、特殊疑问句中的疑问代词的选择、指示代词的数的一致性。
其中,单选主要涉及人称代词主宾格、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的运用、反身代词/不定代词的语义, 完形填空中会涉及代词的辨析运用；单词拼写题会涉及代词之间的相互转化。
下面我们结合近年的中考真题归纳一下这几种代词的用法。

二、考点梳理：
考点1：人称代词/物主代词的概念及翻译特点
人称代词是指称呼人或物的代词，分为主格和宾格两种形式。
物主代词表示物品与人所有关系的代词，常译为“……的”，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
想一想1：人称代词与物主代词在翻译的时候有何区别？
__________________________________________________________________________________
想一想2：her属于人称代词还是物主代词呢？
__________________________________________________________________________________
人称代词/物主代词的类别：

第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
人称 代词 主格 I we you you he/she/it they
宾格 me us your your him/her/it them
物主 代词 形代 my our your your his/her/its their
名代 mine ours yours yours his/hers/its theirs


人称代词的用法：
（1）主语用主格，宾语用宾格。即：主格在句中作主语，用在谓语动词前；宾格在句中作宾语，用在动词或介词后；
（2）宾格也可用作表语，用在be动词之后，如：─Who’s the boy in the picture? ─It’s me.
物主代词的用法：
（1）形容词性物主代词（以下简称形代）相当于形容词，用于修饰名词，放在名词前，不可单独使用；
（2）名词性物主代词（以下简称名代）相当于名词，可以单独使用，也相当于“形代+名词"，即：名代 = 形代+前文出现的名词。
??????????????????????????????????示例辨析??????????????????????????????????
─The pet cat in your hand is very nice. Is it ____?
─Yes, but I’ll give it to my friend Lucy as _________ birthday present.
A. you; her B. your; her C. yours; her D. you; hers
答案：C
解析：上句中，it代指前文出现的名词pet，与选项中you的关系是所有关系，不是等同关系，所以应选择物主代词；your为形代，不能单独作表语，yours为名代，可以单独使用，选择C。
2. My mother used to make breakfast for ____ every morning, but now I do it myself.
A. mine B. my C. I D. me
答案：D
解析：根据句意得知，妈妈常为我做饭，且放在介词for后面，所以应选择人称代词的宾格形式。

??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
想一想，练一练：
1. I don t like ___ watch, I like ____.
A. me; your B. my; your C. me; yours D. my; yours
2. ─Is this _____ ruler? ─No, ____ is over there
A. her; her B. her hers C. hers; hers D .hers; her



考点2: 反身代词
什么是反身代词？/怎样理解反身代词？
反身代词指动作返回到动作执行者本身,其主语和宾语常指同一（些）人或物，如：Mom，I can look after myself when you aren’t at home.上句中，动作look after的发出者与接受者为同一人，即：动作又返回到了执行者本人。
常与反身代词连用的动词有 enjoy， dress，hurt，help， teach及介词by, in, for, of等。

单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself themselves
herself
itself


反身代词涉及到语义、词义辨析，应牢记基本意义，特别要熟记常见的固定搭配。
反身代词的常用词组：teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴 help oneself to随便吃/用 come to oneself苏醒 hurt oneself受伤 by oneself亲自

??????????????????????????????????示例辨析??????????????????????????????????
1．―Welcome to my home for dinner, children. Help _______ to some chicken. I'll cook some fish for you.
―Thank you. Aunt Li.
A. yourself B. you C. yourselves D. ourselves
答案：C
解析：考查常见的反身代词短语：help oneself to随便吃/用，注意辨析yourself与yourselves，上题中，欢迎的是孩子们，为复数概念，多人，选C。
温馨提示：同学们在做反身代词这类题时，一定要牢记其固定用法及主语与宾语的一致性。
2． Bob hurt ___ in the basketball match at school yesterday afternoon.
A .myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves
答案：B
解析：根据句意得知，Bob在篮球比赛中，伤者他自己了，选B。
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
想一想，练一练：
1. Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by _____.
A. I B. me C.my D. myself
2. Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _____.
A .himself B. ourselves C. myself D. yourself

考点3: 指示代词

指示代词用于指代前面讲过的或者后面将要讲到的事物,以避免重复。
这类词有this, that, these, those 等。其中，this和these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或事物; that和 those一般指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。

代词 用法 例句
it 特指上下文提到的是同一事物 同类且同物 The book is mine. It’s very interesting.
one 泛指上下文提到的同类事物中的一个 同类不同物 一Who has a novel named Tiny Times? 一I have one.
that 常用于比较结构，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
this 常用来指代离自己较近的人或物 This is my friend.


??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
想一想，练一练：
―Bob, can you see the boys over there.
― ____ are my cousins. Let’s go and say hello to them.
A. This B. Those C. That D. These
2. ―The population of China is larger than ____ of India.
―Yes, but India ’s population is increasing rapidly.
A.it B. one C. that D. this
考点4: 疑问代词
表达某种疑惑，用来引导特殊疑诃句的代词, 称为疑问代词。
常见的疑问代词主要有what, which ,who, whom, whose。其中，who和whom均指人,意为“谁”。whom为who的宾格，只做宾语；whose是who的所有格形式,表所属关系，常修饰名词做定语。
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
想一想，练一练：
一______ is your father?
— A bank clerk. He works in a bank near my home.
A. Where B. How C. What D. Which
2. 一 ____ father took part in the charity activity in the neighborhood?
一 Peter’s.
Whose B. What C. Which D. Who
考点5: 不定代词
1. 普通不定代词
常见普通不定代词表格如下：
some; any few; little none; one; other
many ;much either; neither
each; every both; all

2. 普通不定代词的用法
（1）both; all; either, any; neither, none；the other；another的区别:

都 都不 任何一个 另一个 每一个
两者 both neither either the other each
三者（以上） all none any another every


（2）few; little; a few; a little

后接复数名词 后接不可数名词
肯定 a few（有一些） a little（有一点）
否定 few（几乎没有） little（几乎没有）


2.复合不定代词

表人 somebody anybody everybody nobody
someone anyone anyone no one
表物 something anything everybody nothing


复合不定代词的用法:
（1）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
（2）形容词或to do 修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或to do需后置。
（3）（一般规律+特殊规律）一般情况下，something常用于肯定，表某物或某事；但提出请求希望得到对方肯定回答时，疑问句中可用是something；
（4）（一般规律+特殊规律）一般情况下，anything常用于否定或疑问句，但也可用于肯定句，表“任何……”

??????????????????????????????????实例辨析??????????????????????????????????
—Which do you prefer, bread or rice?
一 _______. I'm not hungry now. Thank you all the same.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
答案：B
解析：根据句意得知，我现在不饿，所以面包与米饭两种食物都不要，选B。
2. ___ went hiking last weekend because of the bad weather.
A. Someone B. No one C. Everyone D. Nothing
答案：B
解析：根据句意得知，因为恶劣的天气没有人去远足。
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
想一想，练一练：
1. — Which of the two T-shirts will you take?
—I’ll take ______. One is for my brother and the other is for myself.
A. either B. both C. neither D. all
2. — Don't be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you?
— No, I won't. I know that ______ of us are perfect after all.
none B. neither C. each D. all

三、真题感悟练：
1. — David, is that ______English teacher? — Yes, he is ______. He is very caring.
A. yours; ours B. your; our C. yours; our D. your; ours
2. The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in _____ is very important.
A. themselves B. itself C. ourselves D. yourselves
3. —Sally, could you go and help your father wash the car?
—Why ____? I’m busy now. Amy is lying on the grass doing nothing.
A. me B. I C. him D. her
4. 一Dave, where is Mr. Black?
一I saw ___ in the classroom ten minutes ago.
A. he B. him C. she D. her
5. Could you record today’s NBA basketball game for me? I can watch ___ later.
A. one B. my C. your D. it
6. 一Which of the two T-shirts would you like to choose?
一Both. Then I can give one to my brother and leave ____ to myself.
A. another B the other C. other D. others
7. When we got to the park yesterday, _____started raining.
A. that B. it C. this D. one
8. To my surprise, he sold ____ house at such a low price.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
9. 一Mike, who helped ____ make the paper plane?
一Nobody! I made it all by myself.
A. your B. yours C. you D. yourself
10. — There is no salt left. Jim, would you like to get _____?
— OK, mum.
A.it B. one C. some D. any
11. — Are Kate and Joan ______ good friend?
— Yes, they are. Please look after _______.
A. your; their B. your; them C yours; theirs D you; them
12. — Is there ____ in today’ s newspaper?
— No. I think everything in it is boring.
A. interesting anything B. somebody interesting
C. interesting something D. anything interesting
13. These aren’t ____ books. Mary, you left ______at home.
A. you; your B your; yours C. yours; your D. your; you
14. 一 What do you think of ___ Chinese teacher, Jim?
一She's an excellent teacher, I’ ve improved a lot since she taught ___ Chinese.
our; us B. our; our C. ours; us D. ours; our
参考答案：
考点1:
想一想1答案：是否带“的”，这是人称代词与物主代词的方法之一。
想一想2答案：当her表达“她”这一含义时，为人称代词；当her表达“她的”这一含义时，为物主代词。
想一想，练一练：1. D 2. B
考点2:
想一想，练一练：1. D 2. D
考点3:
想一想，练一练：1. B 2. C
考点4:
想一想，练一练： 1. C 2. A
考点5:
想一想，练一练： 1. B 2. A
真题感悟练：
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A


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