(共30张PPT)
Helping people around the world
Unit 4
PART 1
语法导学
PART 2
达标检测
Period Five Grammar—Unreal conditionals and things hoped for or desired
PART
1
语法导学
感悟规律 重点难点剖析
感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题
1.If you had asked him yesterday，you would know what to do now.
2.He looks as if he had seen a ghost.
3.He looks as if he were an artist.
4.If only the alarm clock had rung!
5.If only I were you!
6.I wish he had visited us last night.
7.I would rather (that) I had not seen it.
语法感知
8.I would rather you painted the wall green next time.
9.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
10.It is time that the children went/should go to bed.
1.句1中从句的谓语动词为had asked，是与______事实相反的虚拟语气；主句的谓语动词为would know，是与______事实相反的虚拟语气。
2.由句2、句3、句4和句5可以看出，as if从句和if only后的句子常用虚拟语气。表示对过去事实的虚拟用_____________，如句2和句4；表示对现在事实的虚拟用_____________ (be动词常用______)，如句3和句5。
查看答案
现在
过去
过去完成时
一般过去时
were
3.由句6、句7和句8可以看出，wish和would rather后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对过去事实的虚拟用___________，如句6和句7；would rather后接的宾语从句中若表示对将来事实的虚拟则用____________，如句8。
4.在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词如suggest，order，command，require等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用___________________，如句9。
5.由句10可以看出，在句型“It is time that...”中，从句的谓语动词可以使用____________或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。
查看答案
(should＋)动词原形
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般过去时
一、错综时间条件句
在这种条件句中，虚拟条件句即条件从句和主句所指时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词时态。
If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。
If they had started in the early morning，they would arrive in half an hour.
如果他们一大早就出发，再过半小时就该到了。
语法精析
二、含蓄条件句
不是用条件句而是由介词或介词短语(without...，but for...)，连词(but)，副词(otherwise)或上下文等表示某种假设的情况。
Without electricity(＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.
如果没有电，现在的生活将会大不相同。
I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
那天我病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。
三、虚拟语气在as if/though，if only后的从句中的应用
1.as if/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
The young man with long hair walks as if he were a small girl.
留长发的那个小伙子走起路来就像个小姑娘。
2.if only表示“要是……就好了”，其后虚拟语气的用法见前面Period Three“经典句式”中讲的。
If only I had come to the party yesterday.
如果昨天我来参加晚会就好了。
四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1.表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词insist，demand，require，request，propose，suggest，command，order等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
注意：suggest意为“暗示，表明”；insist意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应用陈述语气。
The look on his face suggested he was upset.
他脸上的表情表明他很沮丧。
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持说他是对的。
2.在wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况；用“could/would＋动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。
I wish I were 30 years younger.
我真希望自己能年轻三十岁。
I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
我真希望有一天我能飞到月球上去。
3.在would rather后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。
I’d rather we had a rest now.
我希望我们现在休息一下。
五、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
1.“It＋is＋形容词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。
用于本句型中的形容词有：necessary，important，surprising，strange，shocking，natural，essential，reserved，urgent，impossible 等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等动词有关的形容词，如desirable(←desire)，urgent(←urge)，
advisable(←advise)，preferable(←prefer)等。
It is necessary that he (should) listen to the radio frequently.他很有必要常听收音机。
It is impossible that they (should) feel uncomfortable to live with us.
他们跟我们住在一起不舒服，这不可能。
2.“It＋is＋过去分词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。
用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It has been suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议推迟会议。
It is required that you (should) wear proper suits to take part in the party.
参加这个晚会要求着装恰当。
六、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
虚拟语气用在表示说话人的愿望(desire)，建议(suggestion，advice)，要求(requirement，demand)，命令(order，command)等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
我们的建议是你应该按时到那儿。
What do you think of his suggestion that we (should) put on a play?
他建议我们演一出剧，你觉得怎样？
解析 句意为：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人的允许就把书拿走了。在it is strange/important/necessary/...that...句式中，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。
1. It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.(2018·江苏，24)
A.would B.should
C.could D.might
高考链接
答案
解析
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2. There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.(2018·江苏，27)
A.had B.will have
C.would have had D.have had
答案
解析
解析 句意为：这个村子里有很好的社交生活，我希望我还有机会更多地参与其中。动词wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在的情况相反，故用一般过去时。
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3.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津，15)
A.hadn’t been
B.wouldn’t have been
C.weren’t
D.wouldn’t be
答案
解析
解析 句意为：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的Otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。
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4.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.(2015·陕西，23)
A.dance B.will dance
C.had danced D.danced
答案
解析
解析 句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词一般用过去时，选D项。
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解析 句意为：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由I was on a business trip...可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。
5.I wish I at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015·天津，13)
A.will be B.would be
C.have been D.had been
答案
解析
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6.Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015·重庆，7)
A.didn’t write
B.hadn’t written
C.wouldn’t write
D.wouldn’t have written
答案
解析
解析 句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/might＋have done，故D项正确。
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7.It is lucky we booked a room，or we nowhere to stay now.(2015·安徽，32)
A.had B.had had
C.would have D.would have had
答案
解析
解析 句意为：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用“would＋动词原形”，故选C。
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8.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they to our help.(2014·浙江，16)
A.would have come B.could come
C.have come D.had come
答案
解析
解析 句意为：我们进行调研的那几个月他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于if they hadn’t been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况，因此这里谓语动词用would have done，故A项正确。
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9.We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014·陕西，23)
A.would stay B.has stayed
C.stayed D.stay
答案
解析
解析 would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“had＋过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处动词应用过去式，故选C项。
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解析
10.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it？
(2014·重庆，13)
A.had done B.have done
C.did D.am doing
解析 句意为：是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏的似的？题中broke发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。
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PART
2
达标检测
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.If I had taken your advice，I _______________(be) in such trouble.
2.Without your financial support，they _________________________(overcome) the setbacks.
3.If only I __________(take) my mother’s advice last night!
4.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ________________(give) two weeks to prepare for the exam.
5.He insisted that they _____________(show) him their passports.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
查看答案
wouldn’t be
wouldn’t have overcome
had taken
(should) be given
(should) show
6.The last chance has been lost.How he wishes he _________________(have) one more!
7.Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ____________(be) at the age of six months old.
8.I ________________(go) to my cousin’s birthday party last night，but I was not available.
9.—Did you expect Frank to come to the party?
—No，but I had hoped that he ______________(come).
10.He remembers everything of his childhood as if it ____________(happen) just now.
could/would have
(should) be
would have gone
would come
happened
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11.But for your help，I _________________________________________the work on time.
要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。
12.My suggestion is that _______________________________there to help protect the Tibetan antelopes.
我的建议是派一些志愿者去那里帮助保护藏羚羊。
13.We didn’t know his telephone number；otherwise we ___________________
_________________________.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话了。
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Ⅱ.完成句子
would/could/might/should not have finished
some volunteers (should) be sent
would/could/should/
might have telephoned him
14.He speaks as if he____________________________.
他说起来好像他亲眼见过似的。
15.The mother ordered that _____________________________every day.
妈妈命令这个孩子每天都要把自己的房间打扫干净。
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had seen it with his own eyes
the child (should) clean his room
16.If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.
____ ____ ________my advice just now，you would be better now.
17.If you hadn’t helped us，we wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
____ ___ ____ ______，we wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
18.I was ill yesterday.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the meeting.
I was ill yesterday.__ _ _______ ______，I would have taken part in the meeting.
19.It is important for us to learn English well.
It is important that ___ ______ ______English well.
20.The police demanded of us to leave the building at once.
The police demanded that ___ ______ _____the building at once.
Ⅲ.句型转换
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Had you followed
But for your help
If I hadn’t been ill
we should learn
we should leave
(共46张PPT)
Helping people around the world
Unit 4
Period Four Project
PART 1
基础自测
PART 2
课文预读
PART 3
互动探究
PART 4
达标检测
PART
1
基础自测
默写练习(二)
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10题；每题1分，满分10分)
1.chaos n. __________________
2.colleague n. ______
3.muddy adj. ________________
→mud n. _________
4.damp adj. ________
5.bacteria n.(pl.) _____
6.shelter n. ________________
7.staff n. __________
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混乱，杂乱，紊乱
同事
多泥的，泥泞的
泥，泥浆
潮湿的
细菌
住所；藏身之处
全体员工
8.barrier n. _________________________
9.interpreter n. _____________________
→interpret v. _________________
10.angle n. ______
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障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物
口译工作者，口译译员
诠释，说明；口译
角度
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15题；每题2分，满分30分)
11. ____________ n. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
→ ________ v. 承诺；投入；犯(错误)
12. __________ n. 助理，助手
adj. 助理的，副的
→ ______ v. 协助
13. _______ adj. 空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的
14. ________ n. 人群
vi.& vt. 挤满，塞满，使拥挤
→ ___________ adj. 拥挤的
commitment
commit
assistant
assist
vacant
crowd
crowded
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15. ________ vt. 提醒，使想起
16. ___________ adj. 可供替代的
n. 可供选择的事物
17. ________ adj. 偏远的，偏僻的
18. ___________ n. 个人财产；拥有，具有
→________ vt. 拥有，具有
19. ________ n. 手段，方法
20. __________ adj. 原始的
21. ________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得
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remind
alternative
remote
possession
possess
means
primitive
obtain
22. ________ n. 供暖；供暖系统，暖气设备
23._____ n. 井，水井
24. __________ n. 容器；集装箱
25.____________adj. 麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的
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heating
well
container
troublesome
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)
26. __________ 处于混乱状态
27. __________ 杂乱不堪
28. _____________ 发胖
29. __________ 得到；抓住
30. ____________ 回想
31.from place to place ________________
32.remind somebody of ________________
33.find out ________________
34.be limited to doing sth. __________________
35.make a difference ___________________
in chaos
in a mess
put on weight
get hold of
think back to
从一地到另一地
让某人想起……
查明，弄清(情况)
被限制在做某事上
有作用(关系、影响)
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Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题8分，满分40分)
36.Arrived here ___________________________.
来到这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。
37.________________________________ became a way of life.
辗转奔波成了一种生活方式。
38....there is mud and water everywhere，__________________________ from place to place.
……到处都是泥浆和水，因此从一个地方转移到另一个地方非常艰难。
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to find everything was in chaos
Running from one place to another
making it difficult to travel
39.One of the health problems is _________________need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.
有关健康的难题之一是：那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的灾难后无法得到药品。
40.____________ many people here just need to talk，so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.
在这里，很多人似乎只是需要交谈，所以，我发现我的工作并不局限于做一名护士了。
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that people who
It seems that
PART
2
课文预读
回归教材 萃取文本主旨
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读前清障
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1.commitment A.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的
2.chaos B.同事
3.colleague C.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
4.assistant D.助理，助手；助理的，副的
5.vacant E.混乱，杂乱，紊乱
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[第二组]
6.muddy A.潮湿的
7.damp B.细菌
8.bacteria C.住所；藏身之处
9.shelter D.多泥的，泥泞的
10.crowd E.挤满，塞满，使拥挤；人群
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[第三组]
11.remind A.口译工作者，口译译员
12.staff B.障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物
13.barrier C.角度
14.interpreter D.全体员工
15.angle E.提醒，使想起
Step 1 Fast-?reading
True(T) or False(F).
1.There is not much work to do，so she can write her diary every day.( )
2.The town is in ruins，but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable.( )
3.Before working in this island，she has never worked in poor areas.( )
4.There are altogether five people on the medical team：two doctors，one nurse and two assistants.( )
5.She worried that malnutrition would be a problem in the future because the fields and harvest had been destroyed.( )
课文理解
F
F
F
T
T
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Step 2 Careful?-reading
1.The author arrived at the island to find everything was .
A.in order B.in chaos
C.in danger D.in good condition
2.While in Sudan，the author and the other members of the medical team gave children shots to stop them dying from diseases in .
A.cities B.villages
C.schools D.hospitals
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3.When the author thinks back to what she has done since joining Doctors without Borders，she feels .
A.nervous B.sorry
C.lucky D.surprised
4.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A.Several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked in Sudan when people
tried to get the food.
B.The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better.
C.The author is proud that she can make a difference to people’s lives.
D.The author can’t speak English or French.
√
√
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Step 3 Post-?reading
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
查看答案
Conditions of the island ◆The whole island is 1.________.
◆Many people have 2._____ to the mountains to escape.
◆The hospital is badly damaged and in a 3._____.
◆The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easy for 4._________ to spread.
◆The city lacks 5._________ ，medicine，food and clean water.
◆The fields and 6.________ have been destroyed.
flooded
fled
mess
bacteria
shelter
harvest
查看答案
Good things ◆Many people can speak English or 7._______.
◆8.______ has started to arrive.
◆Medical 9._________ are on their way from abroad.
◆The 10._______ will be open.
French
Food
supplies
clinic
PART
3
互动探究
探究重点 互动撞击思维
Changing the world—my commitment改变世界——我的义务
1
?commitment n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
※make a commitment to do sth. 答应做某事
※commit v.犯(错误、罪行)；承诺，保证
commit a crime犯罪
commit suicide自杀
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 答应(做)某事
重点词汇
(1)One hundred percent commitment to your studies will leave precious marks on your youth.
对你的学习的百分之百的投入会给你的青春留下珍贵的印记。
(2)No matter what difficulty you will meet with，carry ____your commitment.
不管你会遇到什么困难，都要履行承诺。
(3)She didn’t want to commit herself to _______(do) the work.
她不愿对做那项工作作任何承诺。
查看答案
out
doing
[单项填空]
(4)When we were at school，we made a to work together in the future，but he broke his promise later.
A.commitment B.contribution
C.presentation D.consequence
答案
解析
解析 句意为：当我们在学校时，我们承诺将来一起工作。但后来他违背了诺言。commitment承诺；contribution贡献；presentation报告；consequence 结果。
√
?get hold of得到；抓住
2
One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.有关健康的难题之一是：那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的灾难后无法得到药品。
catch hold of抓住；拿着；握住；占有
keep hold of握紧
take hold of握住；控制住，吸引
have a hold over/on ...对……有影响
(1)Get hold of the rope or you will fall.
抓住绳子，否则你会掉下去的。
(2)Catch hold ____it when the opportunity comes，or you’ll regret later.
当机遇来临时，抓住它，否则你将后悔。
(3)The music ____________the children who were playing happily.
这音乐吸引了那些正在快乐玩耍的孩子们。
(4)She tried to ____________the child’s hand.
她尽力握紧那个孩子的手。
查看答案
of
took hold of
keep hold of
解析 句意为：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能够找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，并且抓住一切机会提高自己。get hold of找到，得到，抓住，符合句意。catch sight of看见；take charge of负责；make mention of提到。
[单项填空]
(5)As a grassroots singer，she reads everything she can concerning music，and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A.catch sight of B.get hold of
C.take charge of D.make mention of
答案
解析
√
?shelter n.住所，藏身之处；庇护，避难处 v.庇护，躲避
3
Meanwhile，in the rest of the city，shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.与此同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所、食物和干净饮用水的供给都成了大问题。
take/seek shelter from躲避……
under the shelter of在……的庇护下
give shelter to庇护……
shelter...from...保护……免受……
(1)I took/sought shelter at a bus stop from the rain last night.
昨晚我在公共汽车站躲雨。
(2)___________________ a tent，a crowd gathered for a lunch.
在帐篷的庇护下，一群人聚在一起吃午餐。
查看答案
Under the shelter of
解析 dismiss sb. from sth. 解雇某人，开除某人；shelter sb. from sth. 保护某人免受……；distinguish...from...把……与……区别开来；spot看见，发现，不与from连用。根据句意可知选C项。
[单项填空]
(3)Some parents are just too protective.They want to their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined.
A.spot B.dismiss
C.shelter D.distinguish
答案
解析
√
4
This morning，there were fights as crowds of people tried to get food.
今天上午，几群人由于争抢食品发生了好几次打斗。
?crowd n.[C] 人群vi.& vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤
※a crowd of/crowds of一大群，很多
crowd into挤进
※crowded adj.拥挤的
be crowded with挤满了……
(1)By the time the ambulance arrived，a crowd of onlookers had gathered.
当救护车赶到时，一大群旁观者聚在一起。
(2)We all crowded _____her office to sing “Happy Birthday to You”.
我们全都涌进她的办公室，唱“祝你生日快乐”歌。
(3)It was two weeks before Christmas and the mall ________________shoppers.
离圣诞节还有两个星期，商场里就挤满了购物者。
[语境串记]
(4)The crowd crowded into the crowded town hall.
民众涌入了拥挤的市政大厅。
查看答案
into
was crowded with
?remind vt.提醒，使想起
5
It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员受到了攻击。
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that...提醒某人……
(1)The picture reminded me of my school days.
这张照片使我想起了我的学生时代。
(2)She ________________I hadn’t watered the flowers.她提醒我还没有浇花。
(3)Passengers _____________(remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.
乘客们被提醒在这列火车上不准抽烟。
(4)Remind me _________(buy) some milk tonight.
提醒我今天晚上买点牛奶。
查看答案
reminded me that
are reminded
to buy
解析 forget doing sth. 表示“忘了曾做过某事”，很明显“提醒”已发生，故用动名词形式，而且remind和I 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动语态。
[单项填空]
(5)—I told you to bring a dictionary with you before school was over.
—I am sorry，but this morning I was in such a hurry that I forgot of that.
A.to remind B.being reminded
C.to be reminded D.reminding
答案
解析
√
?make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)
6
I know I can’t change the whole world，but I’m proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference to people’s lives.我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能在各处帮忙，改变人们的生活。
make a difference (to sb. /sth. )(对……)有作用(关系、影响)
make no/little/much/some difference (to sb. /sth. )(对……)没有/几乎没有/有很大/有些影响
make all the difference (to sb. /sth. )(对……)关系重大，大不相同
tell the difference between A and B 区分A和B的不同
(1)It’s what you do today that will make a difference to your life tomorrow.
你今天做的事情会对你明天的生活产生很大的影响。
(2)It _____________________me whether he comes here or not.
他来不来这儿对我没有影响。
[写作佳句]
(3)One false step will make a great difference.
(谚)失之毫厘，谬以千里。
查看答案
makes no difference to
解析 句意为：这个男孩已经长大了，能够辨别是非了。tell the difference between A and B 说出A和B的不同。
[单项填空]
(4)The boy is old enough to the difference right and wrong.
A.speak；from B.tell；between
C.say；of D.judge；from
答案
解析
√
Instead of sand blowing everywhere，there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.这里没有随处飞扬的沙尘，但到处都是泥浆和水，因此从一个地方转移到另一个地方非常艰难。
※making it difficult to travel为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语＋to do”的形
式，即make的复合结构；it是形式宾语，后边的不定式短语是真正的宾语。
※英语中有些动词，如：find，feel，think，make等后面可跟复合结构，在
这种复合结构中，真正的宾语可以是不定式或that从句等，而it作形式宾语。
经典句式
(1)He made it a rule to check his homework carefully before handing it in.
他养成了把家庭作业仔细检查一遍才上交的习惯。
(2)I think it important __________English well.
我觉得学好英语是很重要的。
(3)Do you think it necessary ______they should send more people over there?
你认为他们有必要派更多的人去那儿吗？
查看答案
to learn
that
解析 此题考查it作形式宾语，常用于make，find，like，hate等动词之后，真正的宾语为后面的“that she wished to...herself”。
[单项填空]
(4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A.that B.this C.it D.her
答案
解析
√
PART
4
达标检测
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.If you cannot make a _____________(承诺) for this length of time then the puppy is not for you.
2.The teacher said that he would like to choose an __________(助手) among us.
3.He does not know what to do with his ________(空闲的) time.
4.We drove along a _______(泥泞的) lane to reach the farmhouse.
5.The government provides them with not only food and ________(避难所)，but also the basic skills for their living.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
查看答案
commitment
assistant
vacant
muddy
shelter
6.The avenues of the area were ________(拥挤的) with visitors.
7.At every moment I was __________(提醒) of the difficulties we had.
8.______(全体员工) are encouraged to use the library for professional self?development.
9.They got used to the strange life and soon overcame the language _______(障碍).
10.He is a generous man and can always get on well with his __________(同事).
查看答案
crowded
reminded
Staff
barrier
colleagues
11.When I _____________my days in the remote village，I feel warm.
12.The photos often _______him ____the golden years of his life.
13.It will ________________to me what you say about my performance.
14.Where can I ___________some stamps?
15.Many German artists _________America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.
Ⅱ.选词填空
查看答案
get hold of，remind...of，flee to，think back to，make a difference
think back to
remind
of
make a difference
get hold of
fled to
16.He _______________________others.
他认为帮助别人是他的职责。
17.He hurried to the airport，_______________ that the film star had left.
他匆忙地赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。
?18.Don’t miss_____________________________.
不要错过这个可以实现你的梦想的机会。
19._____________________________ before I go out.
提醒我在出去之前给我妈妈打电话。
20.She has been absent again，______________.
正如预料的那样，她再次缺席。
Ⅲ.完成句子
查看答案
thinks it his duty to help
only to be told
the chance to realize your dream
Remind me to phone my mother
as is expected
(共21张PPT)
Helping people around the world
Unit 4
All around the world，an increasing number of people are spending their time taking part in online volunteering projects.What encourages them to help strangers without expectation of money or even thanks?
Radha Taralekar helped teach Imelda how to protect herself from HIV，though the two have never met，and neither knows the other’s name.Taralekar received no payment for the job.For Taralekar，the project gave her the chance to use her professional experience.“I want to serve people with my medical knowledge，” she said.For some，the inspiration to volunteer online is far more personal.After losing his wife to cancer，Tony Selman spent many hours online helping Cancer Research to collect information on the illness.“Seeing how painful she was when my wife was dying，I decided to help scientists find a way to treat cancer，” he said.
话题导入
Interests and hobbies are also one of the reasons.Sam Luk joined other online volunteers to try to help the police solve murder cases.The police posted them online，calling for volunteers to help them to make sense of the messages.“I am interested in this and I love Sherlock Holmes，” said Luk.
For writer Clay Shirky，some large online volunteering projects help millions of people，giving him a sense of achievement.He helps write Wikipedia，the world’s biggest encyclopedia(百科全书)，which is written by people willing to use their professional knowledge.
阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1.We can know that Radha Taralekar may be a doctor.( )
2.Tony Selman decided to help Cancer Research because his wife died of cancer.( )
3.Sam Luk volunteered to help the police because of his duty of work.( )
4.There are four reasons why people help strangers online mentioned in the text.( )
查看答案
T
F
T
T
PART 1
读前清障
PART 2
课文理解
Period One Welcome to the unit & Reading—Pre?reading
PART
1
读前清障
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1.lack A.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
2.ambassador B.描写(文字)，形容，说明
3.description C.缺乏
4.political D.政治的；政府的
5.worthy E.大使
查看答案
[第二组]
6.victim A.增加；添加
7.addition B.平等的；同等的
8.equal C.志愿的；自愿的，主动的
9.voluntary D.受害者
10.contribute E.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致
查看答案
[第三组]
11.acquire A.紧急的，紧迫的
12.expand B.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间
13.worthwhile C.饥饿；挨饿；饿死
14.urgent D.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
15.starvation E.购得；获得，得到
查看答案
[第四组]
16.boil A.售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来
17.carpet B.(羊等的)绒，毛
18.wool C.出口，输出；出口产品，输出品
19.fetch D.地毯
20.export E.沸腾，煮沸；烹煮
查看答案
PART
2
课文理解
Step 1 Fast-?reading
Ⅰ.Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1～3) A.The problems the UN helps to solve and
the goals they will achieve.
Part 2(Paras.4～5) B.The author likes to work as a UN Goodwill
Ambassador and a brief introduction to
the UN.
Part 3(Para.6) C.The work which the author has been doing
with the UN.
查看答案
Ⅱ.True(T) or False(F).
1.The UN was set up in November 1945.( )
2.The UN’s work involves assisting the victims of wars and disasters.( )
3.The writer’s work in the UN involves visiting countries where the UN has programmes to help people.( )
4.With the work of the UN，the world has ended all of the horrible conflicts.( )
查看答案
F
T
T
F
Step 2 Careful?-reading
1.Which of the following is NOT the UN’s main purpose?
A.To keep international peace.
B.To develop friendly relationships among nations.
C.To work together in solving international political conflicts and in
promoting respect for human rights.
D.To be a centre of economy and culture in the world.
查看答案
√
2.Where do the UN soldiers come from?
A.Every country in the world.
B.Different countries that belong to the UN.
C.The developed countries.
D.The developing countries.
3.Which of the following is TRUE about the writer’s work in the UN?
A.It is well paid.
B.It involves taking part in peacekeeping operations.
C.It involves visiting countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
D.It involves teaching women in South Africa to make baskets.
√
√
查看答案
The UN—bringing everyone closer together
When was it set up After the Second World War in 1.__________ 1945.
Countries in the UN ?(originally) 51 countries
?(recently) 2.____ countries
Problems it deals with ?helps 3._____ some of the world’s most horrible conflicts
?4._______ the victims of wars and disasters
?protects human rights
?5._________ international laws
?helps countries with other problems such as lack of education,
6.__________ ，disasters，AIDS and other diseases
Step 3 Post?-reading
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
October
192
end
assists
improves
starvation
查看答案
查看答案
Its four main functions ?to keep international peace
?to develop friendly 7._____________ among nations
?to work together in solving international 8._________ conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights
?to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations
Goals it promises to achieve by 2015 Eight goals，one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is 9._________ to everyone and another is that all children 10.___________ primary education.
relationships
political
available
complete
Step 4 Sentence-?learning
1.The UN is an international organization made up of countries that want to promote world peace.
[句式分析]
[自主翻译] ________________________________________________
联合国是由希望促进世界和平的国家组成的国际组织。
查看答案
句子主干
过去分词短语作定语，修饰organization
定语从句，修饰countries
The UN is an international organization
made up of countries
that want to promote world peace.
2.Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programmes to help people.
[句式分析] 该句的主语是动名词短语Being a Goodwill Ambassador，谓语是means，that引导的从句是宾语从句，且该从句中包含一个where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词countries。
[自主翻译] _________________________________________________________
查看答案
作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。
3.My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary，and as I said before，I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
[句式分析] 句中and作并列连词，连接两个并列分句；第一个分句为简单句My job with ...voluntary，第二个分句为复合句，句子主干为I visit countries ...，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话
的内容，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词countries。
[自主翻译] _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
我在联合国做的工作不是有偿的，而是自愿的，正如我以前所说的那样，我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。
查看答案
4.Recently，I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa，where I met some women who have organized themselves into a group.
[句式分析]
[自主翻译] _________________________________________________________
___________________
最近，我很幸运地去了南非，在那里我见到了一些妇女，她们自发组成了一个团体。
主句
非限制性定语从句，修饰South Africa
定语从句，修饰 women
where I met some women
who have organized themselves into a group.
Recently, I was fortunate enough...South Africa,
查看答案
(共14张PPT)
Helping people around the world
Unit 4
PART 1
技法点拨
PART 2
写作训练
Period Six Writing—Writing a proposal
PART
1
技法点拨
文体分析 把握写作动脉
本单元的写作要求是写一封建议信。建议信是针对某事向收信人提出建议和忠告的一种文体。建议信有可能是写给个人——就遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法，也可能是写给某个组织或机构——就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。建议信要写明写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要和缓。
其基本结构为：
首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。
主体段：提出具体建议。同时用事实来证明建议的正确性和必要性。
尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，表达希望建议得以采纳、问题得以解决的愿望。
写作指导
1.I’m sorry to know that you have some trouble/difficulty/problems in...after reading your letter.
2.I’m writing to persuade you to...
3.First of all，I think it would be better if...
4.Here I’d like to give my advice on.../I would like to suggest that...
5.If I were you，I would...
6.The reason why...is that...
7.Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
8.I am looking forward to your good news.
常用表达
PART
2
写作训练
弄清文络 写作妙笔生花
某国际购物中心拟建立“无烟超市”，从“本商场不出售香烟”入手，号召广大顾客在本商场购物期间不吸烟。但是来自美国的Smith经理又考虑到个人权利和自由问题，怕影响商场的经营。因此他想先征求大家的意见。假设你是李华，请你给该商场的经理写一封150词左右的书信，表达自己的观点，并简单陈述理由。
1.时态：本文以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，个别地方也可能用到现在完成时或现在进行时等。
2.人称：以第一、第二人称为主，少数句子中会用到第三人称。
3.目的：表达个人观点并陈述理由。
审题谋篇
必备词汇
1.国际购物中心 _______________________________
2.无烟超市 ________________________
3.在我看来 ___________________
4.不但……而且…… _________________
5.对……有好处 ____________
查看答案
遣词造句
an international shopping center
Non-?smoking Supermarket
in my opinion/view
not only...but also...
do good to...
6.放弃 ________
7.作为回报 __________
8.另外 ___________
9.总而言之 _________
10.正相反 _______________
查看答案
give up
in return
in addition
all in all
on the contrary
句式升级
1.它可以帮助吸烟者少吸烟，对其他顾客的健康也有好处。
_________________________________and it can also do good to other customers’ health.
_________________________________________，but it can also do good to other customers’ health.(not only...but also...)
2.他们会很高兴听从你的建议，不会再考虑自己的权利和自由了。
They will be happy to follow your suggestions and ______________________
________________________________.
They will be happy to follow your suggestions，________________________
_______________________.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
查看答案
It can help the smokers to smoke less
Not only can it help the smokers to smoke less
they won’t consider
their own rights and freedom again
not considering their own
rights and freedom again
3.另外，在购物中心吸烟可能导致火灾，对于你的财产和顾客都是非常危险的。
In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire and _________
_______________both your possessions and the customers.
In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire，___________
______________both your possessions and the customers.(非限制性定语从句)
查看答案
it is very
dangerous for
which is very
dangerous for
参考范文
Dear Mr Smith，
I’m very glad to hear that your international shop?
ping center will build a “Non-?smoking Supermarket”.In my opinion，it is a good idea to do so，for not only can it help the smokers to smoke less，but it can also do good to other customers’ health while they are doing some shopping there.Since you have given up some benefits by not selling cigarettes，the smokers are most likely to support you in return.They will be happy to follow your suggestions，not considering their own rights and freedom again.In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire，which is very dangerous for both your possessions and the customers.
组句成篇
查看答案
All in all，the “Non-?smoking Supermarket” will not affect your business.On the contrary，it will help you to attract more customers who want to keep healthy.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
查看答案
(共24张PPT)
Helping people around the world
Unit 4
PART 1
互动探究
PART 2
达标检测
Period Three Word power & Grammar and usage & Task
PART
1
互动探究
探究重点 互动撞击思维
If I had taken an alternative path and studied medicine，I would have known a lot of medical knowledge.如果我走上了另外一条道路去学医，我会知道很多医学知识。
1
?alternative adj.可供替代的 n.可供选择的事物
※an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
There is no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事。
※alternatively adj.或者；两者择一地
重点词汇
(1)If you don’t like the school lunch，you have the alternative ____bringing your own.
(2)Try to arrange playtime for the children as an alternative ___TV viewing.
(3)There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but __________(wait).
查看答案
of
to
to wait
[温馨提示] “别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth. ；can’t do sth. but do sth. ；can do nothing but do sth. 。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式(does，did，done)，but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。
[单项填空]
(4)China may as well keep its growth rate above 7 percent. ，the rate may be set between 6 and 7 percent，for the sake of a healthy environment.
A.Differently B.Alternatively
C.Accordingly D.Conversely
答案
解析
解析 句意为：为了保持一个健康的环境，中国还是将增长率保持在7%以上为好，或者这个比率可以设置在6%到7%之间。differently不同地，相异地；alternatively或者，二者择一地，要不然；accordingly因此，相应地；conversely相反地，反之。故选B。
√
(1)Twenty years ago，his father was very rich and was in possession of a farm.
二十年前，他父亲很富有，并且有一个农场。
(2)We can’t take possession ___the house until all the papers have been signed.
所有的文件都签字以后，我们才能拥有这套房子。
(3)How did the painting _________________________？你是怎样得到这幅画的？
in possession of占有，控制
in the possession of被……占有；在……控制之下
have/take possession of拥有，占有(主语通常是人)
come into one’s possession (某物)落入某人之手
of
come into your possession
2
possession n.个人财产；所有物；拥有，具有
查看答案
?means n.手段，方法
3
Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them.在村庄里，卫生保健非常有限，因为既没有医生也没有护士——没有人付得起看病的费用。
by all means必定，务必；千方百计；不惜一切；[口语]当然可以
by this means(＝in this way/with this method)用这种办法
by any means无论如何；以一切可能的手段
by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法
by no means绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
[用means的相关短语填空]
(1)—Would you like to help me to clean the windows?
—_______________.
(2)They succeeded ______________hard work.
[句型转换]
(3)The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.
→By no means __ ___ _________as simple as we first thought.
(4)Every means ____(have) been used to deal with it.
为了处理此事，各种方法都用过了。
By all means
by means of
is the problem
[温馨提示] means单复数同形。当means由every/each/no修饰并作主语时，谓语动词用单数；当means 由these或those修饰并作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
查看答案
has
解析 句意为：——我多么想看看你的新车！彼得，我现在可以看看吗？——当然可以，我很乐意分享。That’s all right没关系；Couldn’t agree more完全同意；You must be kidding你一定是在开玩笑；By all means当然可以。根据句意可知选D。
[单项填空]
(5)—How I am eager to see your new car! May I have a look now，Peter?
— .It’s great to share.(2018·扬州模拟)
A.That’s all right
B.Couldn’t agree more
C.You must be kidding
D.By all means
答案
解析
√
?break down 出故障；分解；失败；(身体)垮掉
4
However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.然而，如果水泵坏了，由于工程师不得不从最近的城里赶过来修理，因此修理水泵是很麻烦的。
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思
(1)Let’s break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. ______
(2)Old?fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.
_________
(3)You will break down if you take on more work than you can. _________
(4)News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. _____________
查看答案
分解
出故障
(身体)垮掉
失败，破裂
break away from脱离；挣脱；逃脱
break into闯入；打断(话题)
break in破门而入；打断
break out爆发
break off中断
break through突围；突破
break up分解；驱散；分手
(5)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had __________
the office during the night.
早上我们到达工作地点时发现有人在(前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。
(6)After a fire ___________in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁了。
(7)He ___________with his girlfriend，very sad.
他和女朋友分手了，非常伤心。
查看答案
broken into
broke out
broke up
[单项填空]
(8)The water heater suddenly while he was taking a bath in the bathroom.
A.broke down B.broke out
C.broke in D.broke off
答案
解析
解析 句意为：当他在浴室里洗澡时，热水器突然出故障了。break down崩溃，出故障；break out爆发；break in打断，闯入；break off中断，折断。根据句意可知选A。
√
If only there were more people donating money to charities！
要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！
经典句式
if only意为“要是……就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它引导的句子要用虚拟语气。if only句式中虚拟语气的三种情况：
※表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were ...
※表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. had done...
※表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. would/could do ...
(1)If only she ______________me carefully at the meeting tomorrow.
但愿在明天的会议上她能仔细地听我讲话。
(2)If only I _______slimmer，more beautiful，richer and more clever，I would be happier.
假如我更苗条一些、更漂亮一些、更富有一些、更聪明一些，我会更加高兴。
(3)It’s too bad that I failed the math exam.If only I ___________hard at it!
我数学考试不及格，真是太糟糕了。要是我之前努力学习它就好了！
查看答案
would listen to
were
had worked
[温馨提示] only if表示“只有……”，引导条件状语从句。only if本身不是一个固定词组，only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没有逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装语序。
查看答案
(4)Only if you practice more ______________the driving test.
你只有多练习才能通过驾照考试。
can you pass
答案
解析
[单项填空]
(5)—It was a pity that you missed the famous star yesterday.
—If only I to my hometown!
A.didn’t return B.hadn’t returned
C.shouldn’t return D.wouldn’t return
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词应用过去完成时，故选B项。
√
PART
2
达标检测
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.He is faced with two ___________(选择): continuing his studies or finding a job.
2.He spent his childhood in the _______(遥远的) mountain area.
3.Unfortunately，they lost all their ___________(财产) in the fire.
4.It seemed that the _____________(山一般的) waves would turn the ship over.
5.We should unite to fight _________(贫穷) and disease.
6.This is by no _______(方式) a good way to make a living.
查看答案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
alternatives
remote
possessions
mountainous
poverty
means
7.__________ (原始的) man made tools from sharp stones and animal bones.
8.We have __________(得到) permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
9.These ____________(麻烦的) things have made him restless.
10.The waiters get good tips over and above their ________(工资).
查看答案
Primitive
obtained
troublesome
wages
11.True education does not _________being taught facts simply.
12.I _________________the company through years’ efforts.
13.Only ______________is it possible to persuade him.
14.____________the advanced technology，we live in an age of better communication.
15.You must _________________such bad habits in order to make progress.
Ⅱ.选词填空
查看答案
thanks to，consist in，break away from，take possession of，by this means
consist in
took possession of
by this means
Thanks to
break away from
16.________ I _____a sister like you!
我要是有一个像你这样的姐姐该多好！
17._________ we _______________the plan in time?
如果我们不能及时完成这个计划怎么办？
18.It is suggested that we _____________a speech contest.
有人建议我们举行一次演讲比赛。
19.He has no alternative but__________.
他别无选择只有等待。
20.I would rather you ________________now.
我宁愿你现在就告诉我真相。
Ⅲ.完成句子
If only
had
What if
could not fulfill
(should) hold
to wait
told me the truth
查看答案
(共49张PPT)
Helping people around the world
Unit 4
PART 1
基础自测
PART 2
互动探究
PART 3
达标检测
Period Two Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
PART
1
基础自测
默写练习(一)
Ⅰ.写出下列词汇的汉语意思(共10题；每题1分，满分10分)
1.ambassador n. ______
2.Goodwill Ambassador n. __________
3.description n. _______________________
→describe vt. ______
4.political adj. ________________
→politics n. ______
5.victim n. ________
6.addition n. ____________
→add vt. ____________
查看答案
大使
亲善大使
描写(文字)，形容，说明
描述
政治的；政府的
政治
受害者
增加；添加
增加；添加
7.starvation n. __________________
→starve v. __________________
8.boil vt.& vi. __________________
9.carpet n. _________
10.wool n. __________________
查看答案
饥饿；挨饿；饿死
饥饿；挨饿；饿死
沸腾，煮沸；烹煮
地毯
(羊等的)绒，毛
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)
11._____ n.& vt. 缺乏
12. _______ adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
13. ______ adj. 平等的；同等的
n. 同等的人；相等物
vt. 与……相同或相等
→________ n. 平等；相等
14. _________ adj. 志愿的；自愿的，主动的
→_________ n. 志愿者
查看答案
lack
worthy
equal
equality
voluntary
volunteer
15.__________ vt.& vi. 捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致
→____________ n. 贡献；捐赠
16. _______ vt. 购得；获得，得到
17. _______ vi.& vt. 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
18. _______ adj. 紧急的，紧迫的
→_______ n. 紧急情况
19. _______ vt. 售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来
20. _______ n. 出口产品，输出品；出口，输出
vt.& vi. 出口，输出
查看答案
contribute
contribution
acquire
expand
urgent
urgency
fetch
export
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共15题；每题2分，满分30分)
21.________ 谈及，提到；涉及；查阅，参考；指的是
22. ________ 接纳；承担；雇用；呈现
23. ________ 建立，成立；竖起，搭建
24. ____________ 除……以外(还)，此外
25. ________ 从事，忙于
查看答案
refer to
take on
set up
in addition
work on
26.draw someone’s attention to ______________________
27.under the umbrella of ________________________________
28.apart from ____________
29.be available to _____________________
30.look up ____________
31.have a chance to do sth. ____________
32.provide for sb. __________________
33.get hold of ____________
34.remind sb. of _____________________
35.make a difference _______________
查看答案
引起某人对……的注意
在……的保护下，在……的管理下
除……之外
可被……利用或得到的
查阅；抬头看
有机会做某事
为某人提供生活所需
得到；抓住
使某人想起；提醒某人
有影响；起作用
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题8分，满分40分)
36.This land __________________but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地曾经很难耕种，但现在可以抽水灌溉了。
37.I am pleased to ____________________________________about the United Nations，or the UN，____ it is more often referred to.
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
38.I feel very honoured ___________________take on this role.
能够担任这个角色，我感到非常荣幸。
查看答案
was difficult to farm
have this chance today to talk to you
as
to have been able to
39.______________ ，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.
如你所知，联合国触及世界各地人民的生活。
40.Now let me tell you about the work__________________________.
现在我要跟大家谈谈我一直在联合国所做的工作。
查看答案
As you know
I have been doing with them
PART
2
互动探究
探究重点 互动撞击思维
When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.当粮食缺乏时，就会有饥饿(发生)。
1
?lack n.& vt.缺乏
※(a) lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
lack (for) sth. 缺少某物
※lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的；没有的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
重点词汇
(1)More and more high?rise buildings have been built in big cities ____________
_____________(因为缺乏空间).
(2)Though ________________(缺钱)，his parents managed to send him to a university.
(3)A new study shows elderly men who suffer from ________(缺乏) deep sleep are nearly twice as likely to develop high blood pressure.
(4)She failed in the interview because she __________________(缺乏) work experience.
查看答案
for/through
lack of space
lacking money
a lack of
is lacking in/lacks
[单项填空]
(5) real face?to?face communication nowadays，we communicate by telephone，cellphone and through the Internet more and more，instead.
A.Lacked B.To lack
C.Lacking D.Having been lacked
答案
解析
解析 句意为：如今由于缺乏真实的面对面的交流，我们越来越多地通过电话、手机以及网络来交流。lack本身可作及物动词，分析题干可知其与句子主语we之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。
√
?refer to谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；参考，查阅；指的是
2
I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
查看答案
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中refer to的汉语意思
(1)When I study English，I like to put my dictionary within my reach so that I can refer to it when necessary. __________
(2)Jim insisted that the book Mr Black referred to was worth reading. ______
(3)The new law does not refer to the land used for farming. ______
(4)What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to？________
※refer to...as...将……称作……
refer...to...将……送交给……
※reference n.提及，涉及；参考；参考书
in/with reference to关于……
for reference以备查阅；以供参考
查阅，参考
提到
涉及
指的是
(5)The scientist ________________________the most exciting new development in this field.
这位科学家把这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。
(6)We were completely in the dark __________________his future plans.
我们对他的未来计划全然不知。
[选词填空] refer to，look up
(7)Don’t always ________the dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very important can you ______it ____in your dictionary.
查看答案
referred to the discovery as
in/with reference to
refer to
look
up
[温馨提示] look up表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为word，information等；而refer to表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为book，dictionary等。
[单项填空]
(8)The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.
A.bringing up B.referring to
C.looking for D.trying on
答案
解析
解析 由语境可知，此处应为“没有参考演讲稿”，refer to参考，查阅。
√
?description n.(描写)文字，形容，说明
3
First I should give you a short description of the UN.首先我应该给你们简短讲一下联合国。
※give a description of形容；描述
beyond description难以描述，无法形容
※describe...as...把……描述成……
(1)He gave a description of what he had seen in that dark night.
他描述了在那个漆黑的夜晚他所见到的一切。
(2)The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful___________________.
西湖风景美得难以形容。
(3)China has been described ____an “emerging economic powerhouse”.
中国被称为“崛起中的经济强国”。
查看答案
beyond description
as
[温馨提示]
※describe后不接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语。
※describe...as...的意思是“把……描述成……”，其中的as习惯上不宜换成to be。
[单项填空]
(4)The newspaper article gave a vivid of the earthquake which happened in Japan and we can know how things happened there.
A.starvation B.description
C.operation D.argument
答案
解析
解析 句意为：报纸上的文章生动地描述了发生在日本的地震，所以我们能知道那里发生的事情。description描述，符合句意。
√
With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。
?worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
4
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中worthy的汉语意思
(1)This is a worthy English?Chinese dictionary. _________
(2)Leeds United were worthy winners of the competition. ____________
(3)Yuan Longping made great contributions to our country and his achievements are worthy of the highest praise. _______
有价值的
令人敬重的
值得的
查看答案
[选词填空] worthy，worth，worthwhile
(4)This article is well ______reading，but it is not _______of being translated.So I feel that all your efforts aren’t____________.
[句型转换]
(5)The reference book is worth buying，because it is of great help for your study.
→The reference book is worthy __ __ _______，because it is of great help for
your study.
→The reference book is worthy __ _____ _______，because it is of great help
for your study.
→__ __ _________ ________ ____ the reference book，because it is of
great help for your study.
worth
worthy
worthwhile
to be bought
of being bought
It is worthwhile buying/to buy
查看答案
?in addition (相当于副词)此外，除……之外(还)
5
In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.此外，联合国还协助保护人权并致力于改进各种国际法律，例如，有关童工、少数民族及妇女的平等权利的法律。
※in addition to (相当于介词，后加名词、代词、动名词)除……之外(还)
※additional adj.额外的
(1)You need money and time.In addition，you need diligence.
你需要钱和时间。除此之外，你还需要努力。
(2)The out?of?class activities help build up children’s character ____addition.
此外，这些课外的活动有助于培养孩子们的性格。
(3)_____________my studies，I got involved in lots of extracurricular activities.
除了学习以外，我还参加了许多课外活动。
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in
In addition to
[温馨提示] in addition后接宾语时，加介词to，即构成短语in addition to，该短语相当于besides。
[单项填空]
(4)Invest in yourself and hold on to your dreams. ，stay with those who will encourage you to go on forward all the way.
A.In fact B.In contrast
C.In brief D.In addition
答案
解析
解析 句意为：自我投资，坚持你的梦想。除此之外，和那些会鼓励你一路前行的人待在一起。in fact 事实上，实际上；in contrast相比之下，比较起来；in brief简言之；in addition另外，此外。根据句意可知选D。
√
?equal adj.平等的；同等的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等；比得上，敌得过
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中equal的词性及汉语意思
(5)So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success，without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.
___________________
(6)Any man will be equal to the task，so long as he is careful. _____________
(7)He is a scientist without equal，because his achievement is unlikely to be equalled. ___________
vt.与……相同或相等
adj.能胜任的
n.同等的人
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※be equal to...in...在……方面与……相等
be equal to sth. /doing sth. 等于……；与……相等；胜任做某事
without equal/have no equal无与伦比
※equally adv.相等地，同样地
※equality n.平等
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(8)Hong Kong Wetland Park is ________(equal) attractive in spring and autumn，for the weather is pleasant in both seasons.
(9)We Chinese people have persistently urged the ________(equal) of nations，big or small.
equally
equality
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[句型转换]
(10)No one equals him in courage，about which everyone knows.
→No one __ _____ ___him in courage，about which everyone knows.
[语境串记]
(11)My uncle believes that all men are born equal.But traveling around the world，he finds that in some countries，what is called equality doesn’t really mean equal rights for all people.
我叔叔认为所有人生来都是平等的。但环游世界之后，他发现，在一些国家，所谓的平等并不是真的意味着所有人都享有平等的权利。
is equal to
[单项填空]
(12)Whatever background you come from，you can be successful with your hard work like many others.
A.mostly B.merely
C.equally D.hardly
答案
解析
解析 句意为：无论你来自什么背景，你都可以通过努力工作像许多其他人一样取得成功。equally同样地，符合语境。
√
?draw one’s attention to...引起某人对……的注意
6
In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people’s attention to the situation.此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国各种项目的人，吸引当地人对相关形势的注意。
attract/catch/get/come to one’s attention吸引/引起/得到某人的注意
bring sth. to one’s attention(＝bring sth. to the attention of sb. )使某人关注某事；使某事引起某人的注意
pay attention to...注意……(to是介词，后跟名词或动名词)
(1)Her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention.
她的新衣服引起了很多的关注。
(2)The government must take measures to bring water pollution to the attention of the public.
政府必须采取措施让公众关注水污染的问题。
(3)Be sure to _________________________the environment and think of others when travelling.
外出旅游时务必注意保护环境，为他人着想。
查看答案
pay attention to protecting
[单项填空]
(4)If the poor man hadn’t managed to the attention of the public for help，he would be dead now.
A.fetch B.focus
C.draw D.pay
答案
解析
解析 句意为：如果这个可怜的人当时没有设法吸引公众的注意来获得帮助，恐怕他现在已经死了。draw the attention of sb. 吸引某人的注意。
√
?contribute v.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
7
They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府捐助给她们的那些钱加在一起。
※contribute...to...把……贡献给……；给……投稿；把……捐赠给……
contribute to有助于；促成，起作用
※contribution n.贡献；捐款
make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献/捐款
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中contribute...to的汉语意思
(1)Many people ①contributed money to the Project Hope，which ②contributed to many children returning to school.A teacher wrote an article about this and
③contributed it to a newspaper.
答案 ①捐赠 ②有助于 ③投稿
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[单句语法填空]
(2)Doing small things well contributes to _________(build) up our confidence and _________(help) us meet bigger challenges in the future.
(3)Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some _____________(contribute) to the class.
[完成句子]
(4)Would you like to __________________________________the hospital building fund?
你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？
查看答案
building
helping
contributions
make contributions/a contribution to
[单项填空]
(5)I hope your suggestions will contribute the problem.
A.to solve B.to solving
C.solve D.solved
答案
解析
解析 contribute to有助于，起作用，to是介词，后跟名词或动名词。
√
This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.这块地曾经很难耕种，但现在可以抽水灌溉了。
1
经典句式
This land was difficult to farm...是一个特殊句式，即“sth. ＋be＋adj.＋to do...”句式。
※一般来说，不定式在easy，difficult，nice，important，interesting等
形容词之后作状语，且不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不
定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。
※在这种句式中，不定式可以带上自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语通常由介
词for引出；如果构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，那么该动词后常常会
加上适当的介词。
(1)The story is very interesting for the students_________.
这个故事对学生来说读起来很有趣。
(2)The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable________.
这把扶手椅看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。
查看答案
to read
to sit in
解析 此处不定式作状语，这种情形习惯上用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。句意为：——鲍勃，你为什么不作声呀？你能告诉我答案吗？——对不起，格林先生，你的问题很难回答。
[单项填空]
(3)—Bob, why do you stay silent? Can you tell me the answer?
—I’m sorry, Mr Green.Your question is very difficult .
A.to be answered B.to answer
C.answering D.to have answered
答案
解析
√
※as引导限制性定语从句时，其先行词前有such，as，so，the same等修
饰，且as在从句中作主语或宾语。
※as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
2
As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.如你所知，联合国触及世界各地人民的生活。
(1)Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。
(2)We were sitting，______________，in a riverside restaurant.
我记得我们当时是坐在河畔的一个餐馆里。
as I remember
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答案
解析
[单项填空]
(3)It is such a good place everybody wants to visit it is well?known all over the world.
A.which；that B.as；as
C.as；that D.that；as
解析 第一空as引导定语从句；第二空that引导结果状语从句。
√
PART
3
达标检测
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.It is ________(紧急的) that the patient should be sent to the hospital.
2.A _________ (自愿的) rescue team made up of 11 workers hurried to the area.
3.She ________ (获得) a knowledge of Japanese when she was in Japan.
4.The businessman ___________ (捐赠) a lot of money to the church last year.
5.Many people died of __________ (饥饿) as a result of the drought.
6.The police have issued a ___________ (描述) of the man aged between fifty and sixty.
查看答案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
urgent
voluntary
acquired
contributed
starvation
description
7.It is ___________(值得的) to provide young children with good education.
8.The teachers spared no effort to ensure an _____(平等的) chance to all students.
9.The nation still depends on external sources of natural gas，but it ___________ (输出) electricity to some countries.
10.We need to encourage more people to take up the project because it _____(缺少) labor force.
查看答案
worthwhile
equal
exports
lacks
11.______________ a good diet，she keeps on taking exercise to keep fit.
12.—You can’t take the book out of the reading room.
—It doesn’t matter.I just want to ________it for some figures.
13.When the sun started to go down，he stopped and _______a tent.
14.Many previously separate groups are now operating ____________________a single authority.
15.Does he wear those ridiculous clothes to _________________himself?
Ⅱ.选词填空
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set up，draw attention to，refer to，under the umbrella of，in addition to
In addition to
refer to
set up
under the umbrella of
draw attention to
16.He is a great hero，____________________________.
正如报道中描述的那样，他是一个伟大的英雄。
17.I’m tired out.I ___________________all afternoon.
我筋疲力尽了。我整个下午一直在购物。
18.Who ____________has got the first prize?
你认为谁获得了一等奖？
19.Disasters ________________________frequently occur.
由人类活动造成的灾难频频发生。
20.The problem____________________.
这个问题难以解决。
Ⅲ.完成句子
as is described in the report
have been shopping
do you think
caused by human activities
is difficult to solve
查看答案
(共10张PPT)
单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)
Unit 4
Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)
1.写出关于lack和lacking的短语
(1)缺乏…… ________________________
(2)因缺乏…… _____________________
(3)不缺…… ______________________
(4)缺乏某物 ______________
2.写出关于description 的短语
(1)形容；描述 ___________________
(2)无法形容，难以描述 ___________________
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(a) lack of .../be lacking in
for/through lack of ...
there’s no lack of ...
lack (for) sth.
give a description of
beyond description
3.写出关于take的短语
(1)担当(某一角色)；雇用；呈现；接纳 _________
(2)除去；脱掉；动身；起飞；走红；成功 _________
(3)拿起；占空间；消耗时间；开始从事；继续 _________
(4)拿下；取下；记下 __________
(5)接管 _________
(6)理解；欺骗；收容；留宿 ________
(7)与……相像 __________
4.写出关于worthy的短语
值得…… _____________________________________
查看答案
take on
take off
take up
take down
take over
take in
take after
be worthy to be done或of＋n./being done
5.写出关于equal 的短语
(1)在某方面相等 ______________
(2)等于某物；胜任某事 ________________________
(3)无与伦比 ___________________________
6.写出关于contribute和contribution的短语
(1)把……贡献/投稿给…… _______________
(2)有助于，促成；是……的成因之一 ____________
(3)对……做出贡献；为……捐款 _________________________________
查看答案
be equal in sth.
be equal to sth. /doing sth.
without equal/have no equal
contribute...to...
contribute to
make a contribution/contributions to
7.写出关于break的短语
(1)出故障；分解；失败；身体出毛病 ___________
(2)脱离；挣脱；逃脱 ________________
(3)闯入；破门而入 ___________
(4)强行进入；打断(谈话) __________
(5)爆发 ___________
(6)突围；突破 ______________
(7)分解；驱散 ___________
查看答案
break down
break away from
break into
break in
break out
break through
break up
8.写出关于attention的短语
(1)引起某人对……的注意 __________________________
(2)集中注意力于…… ______________________________
(3)注意 ________________
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draw one’s attention to...
fix/focus one’s attention on...
pay attention to
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)
9.The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems ________________________
for a foreign learner.
外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。
10.I would rather I ________________now，in which case I would accompany you to the bookstore.
我宁愿我现在在北京，这样我就会陪你去书店了。
11._______________________ and reset my goals！
要是我能回到过去重新设定我的目标该多好！
查看答案
are difficult to understand
were in Beijing
If only I could go back
12.The heavy rain_______________________________________________.
大雨使他们很难按时完成工作。
13.We shall visit the school tomorrow _____________________________for many years.
我们明天将去参观你父亲工作了很多年的那所学校。
查看答案
made it difficult for them to finish the work on time
where your father has worked
Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
The earthquakes in Japan reminded me 14.__________(think) back to my experience in Yushu，China as a Goodwill Ambassador 15._________(work) with the UN.All the staff，including a lot of worthy doctors，many 16._________(assist)，and a few interpreters，went there by truck or lorry.Our destination was a remote，mountainous village hit by a series of earthquakes.We brought carpets，wool，a lot of food and medicine 17.___________(contribute) by charities around the world.Our task was 18._______(help) the victims of the earthquakes，and our task was 19._________(volunteer).We treated it as 20.__commitment，not a political one.
查看答案
to think
working
assistants
contributed
to help
voluntary
a
The situation was quite terrible 21.________ description：crowds of people could not find shelters，lots of 22.______ were suffering lack of drinking water and starvation；everything was in chaos.It 23.__________ (draw) the attention of people from every corner of the globe.
查看答案
beyond
whom
had drawn
