中考英语二轮语法专项系列导学案4： 介词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
九年级英语语法专项系列导学案4：
专题4: 介词
一、命题趋势
介词是历年中考必考点之一, 题型主要涉及单项选择与完形填空，主要考查介词在具体语境中的的辨析运用,同时也兼顾介词的固定搭配。设题形式多为简单句,以两个分句居多,词数为9~12。
二、考点梳理：
考点1：表时间介词的辨析
1. at
(1)多用于具体的钟点前，如:at six o'clock 在六点;at half past four在四点半。
(2)也可用于一些固定短语。at New Year 在新年;at the age of 在...岁时;at the end of ....最后;at first/last 起初/最后 at night/noon在晚上/中午。
2. on
常用于具体某天或某天的上午、下午或晚上前，如:on Sunday 在星期天;on March 2nd 在三月二号;on Tuesday afternoon 在星期二下午; on the afternoon of March 2nd； on a hot morning 在一个炎热的早晨。
3. in
(1)in常与表示年、月、世纪、四季的名词连用。如:in 2016 在2016 年;in September 在九月份;in winter在冬天；也可泛指一天的早晨、下午或晚上，如in the morning 在上午
(2)“in+ 时间段”表示......（时间) 以后”，多用于一般将来时态。
想一想，练一练：
1. The 3-D film The Angry Birds opened in Chinese cinemas ____May 20, 2016.
A. on B. at C. in D.to
答案：A
解析：以最小的时间单位为准，具体到日，应选择介词on。
2. A ship from South Korea sank into the sea ____ April 16, 2014.
A. in B. on C.at D. for
答案：B
解析：考察时间介词的用法，以最小的时间单位为准，具体到日，应选择介词on。

4. before, after
Before意为：“在....之前”, after意为：“在.....之后”，常用于时间点前。
5. since, for
(1) since是指某一动作或状态从过去某时开始延续至今，后常跟时间点，句子用完成时，如:She has lived here since 1993.自1993 年她就已经住在这了。
(2) for指某一动作或状态贯穿整个过程，后常接时间段，句子用完成时，如;I have studied English for ten years. 我学习英语已经十年了。
想一想，练一练：
1. I'm looking after Tom today. He’s been in my house ____ 8：00 this morning.
A. at B. since C. for D. till
答案：B
解析：根据句意得知，自今天早晨8点起他就一直待在我的家里，现在完成时态，since后加时间点。
温馨提示：点钟前面并非都加介词at，关键看意思表达的需要，避免思维定势。
6. by
“by+时间点”意为“到......为止”。具体可分为以下两种情况：
(1)如果by 后跟过去某一时间点，句子应用过去完成时。如:We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term.到上学期为止，我们已经学会1000个英语单词了。
(2)如果by 后跟将来某一时间点，句子应用一般将来时，We will learn 1000 English words by the end of this term.到本学期末，我们将学会1000个英语单词。
7. during
意为“在.....期间”，后常跟时间段，如: During he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.他在巴黎期间，与他的朋 友 住 在一 起。
8. until
until 与否定词连用，意为”直到.......才....... ” 如: I didn't leave until my mother came here.我直到我妈妈到这才离开。
??????????????????????????????????实例辨析??????????????????????????????????
1.一I joined the League _____ May,2009.What about you?
一I’ve been a League member _____ three years.
A.in; for B. on; in C. on; for D.in; since
答案：A
解析：上句中，最小单位为May，月份前应该加介词in，表达在2009年五月份加入共青团。
下句中，three years为时间段，应该选择介词for，现在完成时态，表示已入团3年。
2. ______ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived ____ Shanghai.
A. In; at B. On; to C. In; in D. On; in
答案：D
解析：具体到某一天的下午应选择介词on；上海为大城市，应选择介词in。
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. It's reported that President Xi Jinping arrived ____ Moscow ____March 22nd to pay a three-day visit to Russia.
A. at; on B. in; on C. at; in D.in; in
2. 一Thanks ____our government, we can play sports on the new playground next week.
一That’s for sure! And we ’1l have a sports meeting ____ one month.
A. for; in B.to; in C. for; after D. to, after

考点2：表地点介词的辨析
1. at, in, on
at+小地点;in+大地点。如:at the bus stop 在汽车站
on表示“在......上面”，表示和物体表面相接触。
2. in front of, behind, in the front of, at the back of (表示“在……前/后”)
（1）in front of意为“在....的前面”,指物体在空间外部的前方。其反义词为behind，意为"在....后面”
（2）in the front of 意为“在..前部”，指物体在空间内部的前方，其反义词为at the back of... 意为"在....后面”。
3.in,inside,outside,intoou of （表示“里外”）
in“在....内部”
inside" 在.....里面/到.....里面”，反义词为outside".....外面”
into"到...内”.反义词为out of“在.....外”。如：get into/out of
4.on,over,above 表示“上方”
on意为“......上方”, 两者有接触；
over表示两者不接触，两者是垂直关系，表示“......上方”，其反义词为under；
above 表示两者不接触，不一定垂直，表示“在....上方”，其反义词为below。
5.between,among 表示“在.....之间”
between 表示“在......之间”，多用于两者之间。如:This is a secret between you and me.这是你和我之间的秘密。
among指在三者或三者以上的对象之间。如: 一How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?一It's the best among detective novels.它是侦探小说中最好的。
辨一辨，练一练：
--- Did you go to Shanghai during the Pear Blossom Festival?
--- Yes. The flowers were beautiful. Bees were flying _____ them.
A. in B. among C. between D. through
答案：B
解析：根据句意得知，蜜蜂在花丛中飞来飞去， 所以选择among。
6.through,across 表示“穿过”
through表示从中间“穿过，贯穿”，表示动作发生在立体空间，是从内部穿过。如:Is the street too narrow for the bus to go through 汽车通过这条道是不是太窄了?
across表示从表面“横穿”。如:A bus is going across the street. 一辆公共汽车正横穿马路。
7. beside
表示“在....旁边”。如:My bike is beside Tom’s. 我的自行车在汤姆的自行车的旁边。
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. Paul's mother is a nurse. She works ___ a hospital.
A. with B. on C. of D.in
2. 一Dad, can we walk ___ the road now?
一No, we ___. We have to wait until the light turns green.
A. across; needn’t B. across; mustn't C. through; can't D. through; mustn't
3. It' s so cold outside. Remember to close the door ___ you when you leave.
A. beside B. before C. with D. behind
考点3：表方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法

介词 用法 例句
by by+交通工具单数 He goes to school by bus.
by+doing He learns English by listening to the radio.
in in+语言/具体的工具 ①Please speak it in English. ②Don't write it in pencil.
on 表示用收音机、电视等 He is listening to music on the radio.
with 表示用某种工具或身体器官 Cut the bag with the knife.


??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. 一How do you learn English?
一I learn English by ____.
A. listen to tapes B. speak it C. recite it D. listening to tapes
2. You' d better not always look up the new words ___ the dictionary while reading. Sometimes we need to guess.
A.in B. on C. at D. from
考点4：其它常见介词

介词 用法 例句
about 关于 What’s your excuse about your being late yesterday? 你昨天迟到的借口是什么?
Against/for 反对/赞成 We are against/for your advice. 我们反对/赞成你的建议。
as 作为，.....的身份 We choose him as captain of our team. 我们选他当我们的队长
besides 除....之外，还有..... I like basketball besides football. 除了足球外，我还喜欢篮球。
except 除......之外,(不包括在内) We are all here except LI Ming. 除了李明之外，我们都在这里。
like 像...样 My teacher talked to me like my father. 老师像父亲一样和我聊天。
including 包括，包含 Ten people were killed in the traffic accident, including a baby.在这一次交通事故中有10 人丧生,其中包括一个婴儿。
towards 朝.....方向 A dog is running towards me. 一条 狗 正 向 我 跑来。
without 没有 He left angrily without saying a word. 他一句话没说就生气地离开了。


??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. The“teacher-free exam”means that students take their exams ____teachers. Students must be more honest.
A. without B. against C. through D.by

考点5：介词固定搭配
1.介词十名词
at night 在夜里;at school 在学校;in the sun 在太阳下;in the end 最后;at the same time 同时;on time 按时;on foot 步行。
2.形容词十介词
be late for 迟到;be afraid of 害怕;be good for 对.....好处;be famous for因 ......出名 be different from 与.....同。
3.动词十介词
ask for 要求; leave for 动身去;send for派人去找;pay for 付钱;wait for 等待;agree with 同意
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. My mother says my friend is similar ____ me, but I think she is different ____ me.
A. as; from B. to; from C. to; to D.as; to
2. Xiaogan is well known _____ the culture of "Xiao”.
A.in B. for C. at D. on

三、真题感悟练:
1. Her birthday is ___winter, the most beautiful season in a year.
A. in B. at C. on D. before
2. 一You've been here ____ a month. Don't you miss your parents?
一Yes, I plan to come back home ____ a month.
A. in; in B. for; in C. for; after D. after; after
3.___the exam, we’ll say good- bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.
A. In B. For C. After D. Through
4. You see, Kevin is writing ___ his left hand.
A. at B. as C. for D. with
5. At the fare we’ll party, Kobe Bryant said,"___ the support of my fans, it would be hard for me to achieve such great success.
A. With B. Under C. Through D. Without
6.___ running after success, we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.
A. By B. On C. Besides D. Except
7. A good student connects what he reads ______what he sees around him.
A. for B. with C.in D. or
8. When James arrived at the railway station, he tried to look _____ a place to park his car.
A. after B. at C. up D. for
9. Kobe’s children are proud ____him.
A. in B. of C. off D. out
10. I'd like to hold our next meeting ____ June 23rd.Is that OK for you?
A. in B.at C. on D. of
11. Just walk down this road and you’ll see the museum ____your right.
A. on B.in C.at D.by
12. It's very kind ____ of you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A. of B. for C.to D. with
13. 一Did you get WeChat Red ____ the Spring Festival?
一Yes. It’s actually the most popular way of sending traditional holiday presents now.
A. with B. for C. during D. after



参考答案：
考点1:
想一想，练一练：1. B 2. B
考点2:
想一想，练一练：1. D 2. B 3. D
考点3:
想一想，练一练：1. D 2. A
考点4:
想一想，练一练： 1. A
考点5:
想一想，练一练： 1. B 2. B
真题感悟练：
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. C


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