Unit 2 English around the world
培优练习
一、阅读理解。
A
A student is learning to speak British English. He wonders: Can I communicate with Americans? Can they understand me? Learners of English often ask: What are the differences between British and American English? How important are these differences?
Certainly, there are some differences between British and American English. There are a few differences in grammar. For example, speakers of British English say “in hospital” and "Have you a pen?” , Americans say “in the hospital” and ‘Do you have a pen?’.Pronunciation is sometimes different. Americans usually sound theirs in words like “bird” and “hurt”. Speakers of British English do not sound theirs in these words. There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour” and “honour” are British, “color” and “honor” are American.
These differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary are not important, however. For the most part, British and American English are the same language.
1.According to this passage, a student who is learning to speak American English might be afraid that __________.
A. British people cannot understand him
B. American people cannot understand him
C. the grammar is too hard for him
D. the spelling is too hard for him
2.American English and British English are different in __________.
A. spelling B. pronunciation C. grammar D. all of the above
3. What is NOT mentioned(提及) in the passage?
A. Whether there are differences between British English and American English.
B. Whether British English and American English are one language or two.
C. How the differences between British English and American English came about.
D. How important the differences are.
4.Most __________ say “Do you have a watch?”
A. British people B. Americans C. children D. teachers
5.According to this passage, British people and Americans have __________ difficulty in understanding each other.
A. little B. much C. some D. great
B
People from Great Britain brought the English language to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. And in the 1 300 years, there have been so many 2 in both places that now people can easily 3 an English person from an American in the 4 he or she talks.
Many old words 5 in England but were kept in America. For example, 300 years ago people in Great Britain got their water from something they 6 either a “aucet”, “spigot”, or a “tap”. All these words are 7 heard in different parts of America, but only “tap” is still 8 in England. Americans often make 9 new words or change old ones. “Corn” is one kind of plant in America and 10 in England.
Also, over the last three centuries the English language has 11 thousands of new words for things that weren’t 12 before. And often, American and English people used two 13 names for them. A tin can is called “tin” for short in English, but a “can”in America. The word “radio”is 14 all over the world, including America. But many English people call it a “wireless”. And almost anything 15 something to do with cars, railroads, etc. has different 16 in British and American English.
But now American and British English may be 17 closer together. One thing is that 18 people can hear a large amount of American speech daily in 19 , on television, or from travelers. Because of this, Americans 20 to be influencing the British more and more. So some day, English may even be the same on both sides of the Atlantic.
1.A.past B. recent C. oldest D. latest
2.A.citizens B. inventions C. changes D. advances
3.A.pick B. tell C. take D. judge
4.A.voice B. place C. language D. way
5.A.disappeared B. stayed C. returned D. formed
6.A.said B. talked C. spoke D. called
7.A.then B. hardly C. clearly D. still
8.A.necessary B. native C. common D. lively
9.A.of B. into C. up D. out
10.A.another B. the other C. none D. something
11.A.discovered B. added C. improved D. learned
12.A.accepted B. known C. introduced D. understood
13.A.new B. short C. different D. surprising
14.A.produced B. made C. developed D. used
15.A.having B. bringing C. getting D. making
16.A.types B. names C. degrees D. parts
17.A.putting B. staying C. living D. growing
18.A.British B. American C. educated D. ordinary
19.A.families B. buses C. movies D. newspapers
20.A.need B. expect C. seem D. happen
C
You might dream of fluency in this or that language , and maybe you have already achieved fluency in a foreign language . 1
Fluency , like all abstract terms , has no universal meaning. Each individual must determine what the term means. 2
Perfect fluency means knowing each word you encounter, speaking quickly , clearly and easily and having no accent. 3 You aren’t familiar with every word of your native language , and sometimes you have to search for the right word, even in your mother tongue.
Quick fluency is the type of fluency you see in advertisements , because “Master a Language in 2 Months!” sounds very catchier than “Fluency in 20 Years!” 4 It is possible to achieve quick fluency , but the fluency achieved after such a short time frame will be a very thin, superficial fluency.
5 Native-like fluency means that you generally know all the same words that a native knows and can speak at the same pace with the same amount of ease as a native speaker. You will likely have an accent , but as long as your conversation partner can understand you , it doesn’t matter.
Literary fluency is like graduating from native-like to educated-native-like fluency . It focuses on the more intellectual side of a language: including in literature , attending university , composing song lyrics , etc.
There are a ton of other things that fluency could potentially be , but that’s up to you to figure out .
A. It sounds too good to be true.
B. However , nobody is “perfectly fluent” in any language.
C. Quick fluency is good if you have some sort of deadline.
D. But have you ever considered what fluency really means?
E. But does fluency have the same meaning to other person as it does to you ?
F. Unlike perfect fluency , native-like fluency is a reasonable and attainable goal.
G. To assist you in determining what fluency is , I’ll describe a few different types of fluency.
二、翻译句子。
1．现在, 每年有超过100万的旅客来广州观光旅游。(at present, more than)
2. 他们的友谊是建立在多年相互开放沟通的基础上的。(base on, communication)
3. 世界淡水资源十分有限，因此我们必须充分利用。 (make use of, resources)
4. 我将十分乐意参加任何能丰富我对世界认识的讨论。(take part in, enrich)
5. 不管你相不相信, 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达了。(believe it or not, gradually, express, fluently)
6. 实际上学好英语有很多简单的方法, 例如看英文电视或和外国朋友在线聊天。 (actually, a number of, such as)
7. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要完成这份工作。 (even if, determined )
8. 政府应该尽快想出更好的办法来解决高油价所带来的问题。(come up with, petrol)
9. 全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议。(request)
10. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。(make use of )
三、基础写作。
假设你是高一学生李华，你的好友王鹏英语成绩差，打算放弃不学，请用英语给他写一封邮件，劝他学好英语。主要内容包括：
1. 英语学习的意义
2. 你的建议
注意：
1. 词数100左右
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Wang Peng,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
Wish you success.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案和解析
一、阅读理解。
A篇
A【解析】此题考查细节事实和辨别能力。学美式英语的学生常会担心英国人不懂得他们的意思，从文中第一段可以找到。
D【解析】文章第二段给出了英式英语和美式英语的几点不同：在拼写、发音、词汇及语法上。故此题选D
C【解析】此题亦用排除法。只有英式及美式英语不同之处的起源本文中没有涉及，故选C
B 【解析】B从第二段中的第三行Americans say “in the hospital” and ‘Do you have a pen?’可知。
5. A 【解析】本文第三段意在指明：尽管英式英语和美式英语在几个方面有些不同，但大体来说，它们仍同属一种语言。所以说英国人和美国人相互理解起来也没有多大的困难。
B篇
1. A 【解析】 “in the past / last +时间状语”意思为 “在过去的…年间”。
2. C 【解析】从上下文可知，英国和北美两个地方的英语在过去的三百年里发生了很多变化，以至现在人们很容易区分开英国人和美国人。
3. B 【解析】 tell…from… 把……和……区分开。
4. D 【解析】in the way(that)he or she talks“以他或她讲话的方式”。
5. A 【解析】此句意思是“很多旧单词在英国已消失不见了，而在美国却被保留了下来”。
6. D 【解析】something实际上作后来定语从句中谓语动词的宾语，而a “faucet”“spigot”or“tap”亦作该动词的宾语。选项中只有called 后可接双宾语。
7. D 【解析】从上下文看, 有些词在美国以及它地方还能听到, 因此用still。
8. C 【解析】上述三个单词现在只有“tap”一词在英国还能经常听人说起。common意为“often heard or seen”。
9. C 【解析】make up意为“invent”。
10. A 【解析】 one ...another ... “…是一回事/ 一种…; …是另外一回事/ 一种…”, 两个词经常在一起使用。
11. B 【解析】add“增加，添加”。
12. B 【解析】“以前不为人所知的东西”。
13. C 【解析】英美两国使用不同的单词。
14. D 【解析】be used “被使用”。
15. A 【解析】have sth.to do with… “与……有关系”。
16. B 【解析】同样的东西在英国英语和美国英语中有了两个不同的名字。
17. D 【解析】growing closer“变得越来越接近”。growing 相当于becoming。
18. A 【解析】从下文看现在的英国受美国的影响更大, 因此是British people。
19. C 【解析】由后文的on television, or from travelers可推知此处用movies为最合适的选项。
20. C 【解析】现在在人们看来，美国英语对英国英语的影响是越来越大了。
C篇
G 【解析】根据文章的逻辑顺序,首段介绍写作目的
D 【解析】承上启下,对于下文的意义在于转折引入新的信息
B 【解析】两句话形成对比：虽然精通能能表达，但是还是需要借助工具
A 【解析】 “It”指代信息，关注代词的指代内容为前面的例子
F 【解析】 中心句通过下文总结
二、翻译句子。
1. At present, more than one million visitors travel to Guangzhou every year.
2. Their relationship was based on/ upon years of open communication with each other.
3. The world’s fresh water resources are very limited so we must make good use of them.
4. I will gladly take part in any discussion that enriches my knowledge of the world.
5. Believe it or not, we have gradually become able to express ourselves fluently in English.
6. Actually, there are a number of simple ways to improve your English, such as watching English TV shows and chatting with foreign friends online.
7. Even if it takes me six weeks, I am determined to finish the job.
8. The government should come up with a better solution to the problems caused by the high price of petrol.
9. All the students are requested to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow on time.
10. You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English.
1. A best friend is someone who can share happiness and sorrow with you.
三、基础写作。
Dear Li Hua,
I’m my pleasure to share my advice of learning English. I know you always become puzzled when you talk about learning English because you don’t know what to do. But today more and more people realize the importance of English.
First of all , English is an international standard language. It is essential to strengthen our country, when China has developed rapidly. Secondly, there are so many foreign people around us. Therefore, it is so necessary for our ordinary people to understand English. Learning English can help us get along well with them and make our life much more colorful.
I know you are worried about your study but don’t give up anything.I think you should make friends with the students in our class. Then if you have any problem you can ask us or our teachers for help. We’ll try our best to help you.
Best regards,
Zhang Hua
Unit 2 English around the world
基础练习
一、单词基础小测。 ___adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
___________ adj.本国的；本地的；n. 本地人；本国人
__________ adv. 实际上；事实上
___________ adv.逐渐地；逐步地
_____________ n. 词汇；词汇量；词表enlarge one’s vocabulary
____________adj.后半的，（两者中）后者的 former前者的
___________ adv.流利地；流畅地
___________ adj.频繁的；常见的
_____n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法
______ n. &vt. 命令；指令；掌握
________ vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
__________n. 口音；腔调；重音
___________ adv. &adj. 直接；挺直；直的；笔直的；正直的
___________n.街区；块；木块；石块
二、词组小测。
1. _____________ 扮演一个角色，参与 2. _____________ 利用，使用
3. _____________ 走进，上来 4. _____________ 因为
5. _____________ 例如 6. ______________现在，目前
7. ______________ 以……为基础 8. ______________ 与某人交流
9. _______________比以往任何时候更 10.______________ 信不信由你
三、课文小测。
1）课文内容填空
Time
Facts
between AD 450 and 1150
English was _ 1__ English spoken today.
between about AD 800 and 1150.
English became less like _ 2 _.
In the 1600's
Shakespeare made use of _3_ than before.
In the 18th century
__4 _ people brought English to __5 _.
From 1765 to 1947
English became the language for __6 _ in India.
today
More people speak English than ever before. The number of people __7 _ in China __8 _rapidly.
2) 课文阅读填空
Today , more people speak English 1_______ their first ,second or a foreign language than ever before. As we all know , English has changed and developed 2________ time because cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English 3_______(speak) in England in about AD450 was based more on German. Then 4___________(gradual) between about AD 800 and 1150 , a lot of new vocabulary 5________(add) to English by foreign conquerors 6________spoke Danish and later French. Between the 17th century and the 18th century, some British settlers moved to 7________parts of the world and English began to be spoken in many other countries. Even though they don’t speak the same kind of English, native English speakers have no difficulty 8_________(understand) each other. Today 9________ number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly and one day Chinese English may also develop 10_______ own identity.
答案和解析
一、单词基础小测
1.official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
2.native adj.本国的；本地的；n. 本地人；本国人
3.actually adv. 实际上；事实上
4.gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
5.vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表enlarge one’s vocabulary
6.latter adj.后半的，（两者中）后者的
7.former前者的
8.fluently adv.流利地；流畅地
9.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的
10.usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法
11.command n. &vt. 命令；指令；掌握
12.recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
13.accent n. 口音；腔调；重音
14.straight adv. &adj. 直接；挺直；直的；笔直的；正直的
15.block n.街区；块；木块；石块
二、词组小测
1. play a part in 2. make use of 3.come up 4. because of 5. such as
6.at present 7.be based on 8.communicate with sb. 9.than ever before
10.believe it or not
三、课文小测
1）课文内容填空
1. different from 2. German 3. a wider vocabulary 4.British people
5. Australia 6. English speakers 7. Learning English 8. develop
2) 课文阅读填空
1. as 2. over 3. spoken 4. gradually 5.was added
6. who 7. other 8. understanding 9. the 10. its
Unit 2 English around the world
提高练习
一、单词拼写。
1.Many students attended the lecture, i_________ our monitor.
2. Though he is a n________ English speaker, he can speak English very fluently.
3. Nowadays, many tall buildings have e_______ for people to go up and down.
4. He thought I had known the fact. But a_______, I knew nothing about it.
5. After the war, a new g________ was set up for that country.
6. Though I haven’t met him for many years, I could r__________ him immediately when I saw him in the crowd.
7. The people p______ at the meeting were all for the suggestion.
8. If you spend more time reading your English, you can improve it r_______.
9. Luckily, after the earthquake, the people have got a lot of i_________ help.
10. The ball went in the d________ of the man sitting in a boat on the river.
二、用恰当表达填空
1. 这部电影是以现实生活中的一件事为基础的。
The movie ________ ________ ________ a real-life incident.
他因为腿不方便而行走缓慢。
He walked slowly ________ ________ his bad leg.
他走到我跟前来借火。
He ________ ________ ________ me and asked for a light.
众所周知，英语在国际交流中起重要作用。
As is known to all, English ________ ________ ________ ________ in international communication.
乡村生活与城市生活是相当不同的。
Country life is quite ________ ________ city life.
这是一个你可以利用来提高英语口语的机会。
This is a good chance that you can ________ ________ ________ to improve your spoken English.
即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
They will stand by you ________ ________ you don’t succeed.
在19世纪60年代，美国内战爆发了。
________ ________ ________the American Civil War broke out.
三、语法练习
1）I told them ____ late at night.
A. don’t return B. not return C .not returning D. not to return
2）Her teacher encouraged ____ my homework quickly.
A. for me finishing B.me finishing C. for me to finish D.me to finish
3）My friend advised me ____ in that river.
A. not to swim B. to not swim C. didn’t swim D. don’t swim
4）The doctor suggested ____ sent to the hospital.
A. you to be B. that you be C. that you was D. that you are
5）The officer ordered us ____ the door.
A. don’t open B. not open C. not to open D.to not open
6）I was told that the singer ____ in 1980.
A. was born B、is born C、had been born D、had born
7）Father said to me,“Light ____ faster than sound.”
A. travels B. traveled C. had traveled D.is traveling
8）“____ polite to the guests,”said my father.
A. Please B. Do be C. Are D. Should
9）Peter asked his wife ____ with her car.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter
C. what the matter is D. what is the matter
10）The visitor ____ that he ____ very glad to visit our country.
A. said; was B. said; had been C. told; was D. spoke; had been
11）Mr. Green asked Lily whether she had passed the exam ____.
A. yesterday B. the day before C. the day ago D .before the day
12）Linda asked Amy ____ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.
A. that B. whether C. what D. how
答案和解析
一、单词拼写
1. including 2. native 3. elevators 4. actually 5. government
6. recognize 7. present 8. rapidly 9. international 10. direction
二、用恰当表达填空
1.is based on;
2. because of;
3. came up to;
4.plays an important role/part;
5.different from;
6.make use of;
7.even if/though;
8. In the 1960s
三、语法练习
1. D 【解析】祈使句的肯定形式：tell sb. to do sth. ,否定形式为：tell sb. not to do sh.
2.D 【解析】encourage sb. to do sth. 否定形式为：encourage sb. not to do sth.
3.A 【解析】建议某人做某事：advice sb. to do sth.,否定形式为advice sb. not to do sth.
4.B 【解析】从句的主语为“you”, 根据谓语“sent” 应理解为被动，sent的被动为：be sent to …be的时态因 “suggest” 而被确定为“should +V(原型)
5. A 【解析】关于时态的变化，客观事实，出生无法变动，所以应为过去时不变
6.A 【解析】真理事实，在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变，保持一般现在时
7.B 【解析】直接引语为祈使句，以动词原形开头
8.B 【解析】直接引语便间接引语涉及到特殊疑问句，需保持陈述语序主语+谓语，且时态由一般现在时转为一般过去时
9.A 【解析】said 主句只是陈述一个事件表明自己的感受，从句一般现在时变为一般过去时，
10.B 【解析】住居“ask”是提问语气, “是不是愿意讲解下诗的大意”。
