Unit 2 Working the land
培优练习
一、完形填空
Dear Mr Jones,
I expect you may be slightly surprised to receive a letter from someone living as near as your next-door neighbor, but I have to raise a subject so that it will be easier for me to discuss in writing.
You may have noticed that I have a __1__ of apple trees running alongside the fence that __2__ our two gardens. You may also have taken __3__ in the frequent sight of your two children __4__ on your lawn directly by the fence. And you may also have __5__ that my apple trees, so to speak, bend over the fence and seem to __6__ your children with interest.
It is only natural that your children should sometimes seem to return that __7__. And it is not only natural, __8__, I acknowledge, quite legal, for them occasionally to show that interest by __9__ all the apples that hang over on __10__ side of the fence.
But to be plain with you, Mr Jones, I am tired __11__ seeing your children, day after day, tear the branches off the side of every one of my apple trees, and leave my trees looking __12__ a battle had been fought on one side of them. I am, if anything, even more tired of waking up these fine autumn __13__, to find even the apples on my side of the fence __14__ in number. I know this is the work of your children, since last night I was woken at midnight by the __15__ they were making __16__ one of my trees, and (as they may have told you) chased them home.
While I am on the subject, I am at least grateful to you for keeping your bonfires on the far side of your garden this year. Last year neither I __17__ your children had any apples, because the smoke from your bonfire destroyed all the flowers__18__ the apples had time to form. I very much hope that next year—for the first time since I came to this village—I shall have my apples, and your children __19__ have theirs and that the sight of the line of apple trees will be __20__ pride to us both.
1．A. line B．wire C．kind D．sort
2．A. divides B．parts C．departs D．separates
3．A. part B．delight C．pride D．place
4．A. seating B．sat C．sitting D．seat
5．A. watched B．noticed C．seen D．looked
6．A. look down at B．look up to C．look up at D． look down upon
7．A. profit B．good C．interest D．taste
8．A. just B．even C．and D．but
9．A. picking B．taking C．eating D．having
10．A. our B．his C．your D．their
11．A. from B．of C．for D．with
12．A. even if B．even though C．in case D．as if
13．A. mornings B．afternoons C．evenings D．nights
14．A. a little larger B．much larger C．much smaller D．much fewer
15．A. voice B．noise C．whisper D．scream
16．A. jumping B．beating C．biting D．climbing
17．A. nor B．or C．so D．and
18．A. after B．until C．before D．unless
19．A. can B．will C．could D．would
20．A. a B．an C．the D．no
二、阅读理解
A
Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometers of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.
In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region's governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.
The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.
Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention of gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20-metre-wide canals had been carved through the mountain.
Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.
1．What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?
A．Reducing flooding and watering farmland.
B．Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding.
C．Watering farmland and improving water quality.
D．Drying the river and supplying cities with water.
2．What was the main cause of the Minjiang River's flooding?
A．Heavy rains. B．Melting snow. C．Low river banks. D．Steep mountains.
3．How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Yulei?
A．By using gunpowder.
B．By flooding the rocks with water.
C．By applying a heating and cooling technique.
D．By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.
4．Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?
A．It preserves much of the natural river life.
B．It took very little time to complete the project.
C．The building techniques used were very modern.
D．It has raised the living standards of the local people.
B
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.
5．What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A．It makes noises. B．It gets help from other plants.
C．It stands quietly. D．It sends out certain chemicals.
6．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?
A．The attackers get attacked.
B．The insects gather under the table.
C．The plants get ready to fight back.
D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.
7．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________.
A．predict natural disasters
B．protect themselves against insects
C．talk to one another intentionally
D．help their neighbors when necessary
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The world is changing faster than ever.
B．People have stronger senses than before.
C．The world is more complex than it seems.
D．People in Darwin's time were more imaginative.
三、短文改错
Last summer, I got a part-time job as a waiter. I worked hard and very helpful. Everyone in a restaurant including some regular customer liked me. One day, a foreign couple in their fifties entered into the restaurant. I was happy to have a chance to practice their spoken English. I went up to greet them warm. After I took their order, I told them their food will be served quickly because we Chinese respect the elderly. After heard my words, a look of displeasure appeared on the wife's face. Seeing my confusing look, her husband explained to me the Westerners disliked the description “old”. I apologized to them but realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.
参考答案
一、完形填空
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。作者家的苹果树长到了隔壁邻居家的院子里，邻居家的孩子在摘苹果时把树枝都给扯坏了，他们还在半夜爬到树上偷摘苹果。因此，作者给邻居写了这封信，希望他能约束一下自己的孩子，共同爱护苹果树。
1．答案：A 根据最后一段最后一句中的“the line of apple trees”可知，“我”沿着篱笆种了一行苹果树。line意为“排列，行”，符合语境。故答案选A。
2．答案：D 此处指篱笆把“我们”两家的花园隔开。divide通常指把整体分成若干部分，其后接介词into。separate指把原来各自独立但混在一起的东西分隔开来，其后常接介词from。故答案选D。
3．答案：B 看见自己的孩子坐在草坪上，家长应会很高兴。take delight in是固定短语，意为“以……为乐”，符合语境。故答案选B。
4．答案：C 根据所给选项可知，此处意为“坐在草坪上”，two children与sit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式作宾语补足语，故C项正确。
5．答案：B 根据语境可知，此处指或许你也注意到了“我”的苹果树越过了篱笆。notice意为“注意到”，符合语境。故答案选B。
6．答案：A 根据对本句的理解可知，这里运用了拟人的手法，指苹果树越过了篱笆，饶有兴趣地俯视着你的孩子们。look down at意为“低头看，俯视”，符合语境。故答案选A。
7. 答案：C 根据上文中的“with interest”可知，此处指你的孩子有时似乎会回应苹果树对他们的兴趣，这是很自然的。此处是偷摘苹果的委婉说法。interest意为“兴趣”，符合语境。故答案选C。
8. 答案：D 此处构成固定搭配not only ... but (also) ...，意为“不仅……而且……”。故答案选D。
9. 答案： A 根据后面的宾语“all the apples that hang over on __10__ side of the fence”可知，此处是“摘苹果”的意思。pick意为“采，摘”，符合语境。故答案选A。
10. 答案：C 根据常识可知，邻居家孩子摘的自然是越过篱笆伸到他们家花园里的苹果枝上的苹果。本文是一封信，应用第二人称称呼邻居。故答案选C。
11. 答案：B 根据语境可知，此处指“我”厌烦了日复一日地看见你的孩子将树枝从苹果树上扯下来。此处是介词用于固定结构中，即be tired of doing sth.，意为“厌烦，厌倦做某事”。故答案选B。
12. 答案：D 根据语境可知，孩子们将树枝扯断，使树看上去就像经历过战争一般。as if意为“似乎，好像”，符合语境。故答案选D。
13. 答案：A 根据句中的关键词“waking up”可知，此处应指早晨醒来。故答案选A。
14. 答案：C 根据下文描述的邻居的孩子半夜爬到树上摘苹果可知，连“我”这边的苹果也少了很多，排除A、B两项。number与small搭配，不与few搭配。故答案选C。
15. 答案：B 根据上文中的“I was woken”可知，“我”是被孩子们的吵闹声吵醒的。noise意为“噪声，吵闹声”，符合语境。故答案选B。
16. 答案：D 根据下文中的“chased them home”可知，应是爬上苹果树摘苹果。climb意为“爬；攀登”，符合语境。故答案选D。
17. 答案：A 此处构成固定用法“neither ... nor ...”，意为“……和……都不”。故答案选A。
18. 答案：C 根据语境可知，去年苹果树上没有结出一个苹果，因为在苹果开始生长之前邻居家篝火的烟毁坏了所有的苹果花。before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。故答案选C。
19. 答案：B 根据时间状语“next year”和前一分句中的“shall”可知，此处用一般将来时，故用will。故答案选B。
20. 答案：A 此处是抽象名词具体化，a pride意为“一件令人骄傲的事”。此处指来年看见一行苹果树会令“我们”都觉得骄傲。故答案选A。
二、阅读理解
A篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文简述了都江堰水利工程的特点及其重要价值。
1. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，都江堰水利工程带来的益处是灌溉、防洪和提供用水。故选A。
2. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，岷江洪水泛滥主要是由山上的积雪融化造成的。故选B。
3. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed.”可知，他是通过运用加热和冷却的技术来解决这一难题的。故选C。
4. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，这是因为都江堰水利工程使河流的生态系统和鱼类和谐相处。故选A。
B篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了叶类植物受到袭击时，会发出一种有机化合物?VOCs?来保护自己或通过化学物质与周围的植物进行交流。
5. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ ... reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. ...”可知，植物受到攻击时会释放出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质。故选D。
6. 答案：A 句意理解题。根据画线部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，画线部分的意思是袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击。故选A。
7. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. ... now becomes lunch.”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害。故选B。
8. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，植物世界比它表面所展现的更复杂。由此可知，(自然)世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂。故选C。
三、短文改错
Last summer, I got a part-time job as a waiter. I worked hard and very helpful. Everyone in restaurant including some regular liked me. One day, a foreign couple in their fifties entered the restaurant. I was happy to have a chance to practice spoken English. I went up to greet them . After I took their order, I told them their food be served quickly because we Chinese respect the elderly. After my words, a look of displeasure appeared on the wife's face. Seeing my look, her husband explained to me the Westerners disliked the description “old”. I apologized to them realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.
1．very前加was 考查谓语动词。helpful “有帮助的”，and连接两个并列的谓语，根据and前的worked可知，应在very前加was。
2．a→the 考查冠词。前面提到自己做服务员， 所以restaurant特指自己工作的那家餐馆，其前应用定冠词the。故将a改为the。
3．customer→customers 考查名词的复数。customer “顾客”，为可数名词，其前有some修饰，因此应用复数形式。故将customer改为customers。
4．去掉into 考查动词的用法。enter意为“进入”时为及物动词，不与into连用。故将into去掉。
5．their→my 考查代词。主语是I，此处指“我很高兴有机会练习一下我的英语口语”。故将their改为my。
6．warm→warmly 考查副词。修饰动词greet应用副词。故将warm改为warmly。
7．will→would 考查情态动词。根据主句谓语动词told可知，从句应用一般过去时。故将will改为would。
8．heard→hearing 考查非谓语动词。after为介词，其后应接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。故将heard改为hearing。
9．confusing→confused 考查形容词。此处描述作者脸上“困惑的表情”，应用confused，意为“感到困惑的”。故将confusing改为confused。
10．but→and 考查连词。realized和前面的apologized是并列谓语，在逻辑上是顺承关系，应用连词and连接。故将but改为and。
Unit 2 Working the land
基础练习
一、单词拼写
Did you cheat in the exam? , （如果这样）you won’ t get away with it.
It’s a （斗争）between human beings and animals.
We all （渴望）others’ respect.
During his childhood, he led a hard life and had some （令人不安的）experience.
A student’s vocabulary （变大）through reading.
（多亏）you inspiration, I am successful.
I have （改掉）the bad habit of showing no respect to others.
Now she （满意）her weight.
I （宁愿）you delivered your speech tomorrow.
This is a bus driver by （职业）, but no one looks down upon him.
二、用所给短语的适当形式填空
If so, thanks to, rid … of , be satisfied with, would rather, equip … with, struggle against, have a hunger for, export … to, with the hope of
1. Some of you may have finished Unit One. , you can go on to Unit Two.
2. With the rapid development of communication, now all fishing boats radio.
3. The poor girl has been cancer for two years.
4. Although she is young, Mary knowledge.
5. China vegetables foreign countries.
6. Her parents her progress.
7. Nowadays many teenagers get advice from strangers online.
8. your timely help, we finally rid ourselves of the disturbing problem.
9. You must yourself the burden of the secret.
10. He went to the city making much money.
三、补全句子
（和你一起工作）is a pleasure.
（我们所需要的）is more money.
It is reported that it is going to rain. （如果是这样的话），we will have to put off the sports meeting.
We found a way （解决这个问题）.
5. I felt （这是一种荣幸） to be invited to make a speech here.
四、短语互译
幸亏；由于；因为
使 …… 摆脱或除去
对 …… 感到满意
宁愿；宁可
逐渐增强；建立开发
用 …… 装备
导致；造成（后果）
集中（注意力，精力等）于
参考答案
一、单词拼写
1. If so 2. struggle 3. hunger for 4. disturbing 5. expands
6. Thanks to 7. got rid of 8. is satisfied with 9. would rather 10. occupation
二、用所给短语的适当形式填空
1. If so 2. are equipped with 3. struggling against 4. has a hunger for
5. exports, to 6. are satisfied with 7. would rather 8. Thanks to
9. rid, of 10. with the hope of
三、补全句子
1. Working with you 2. What we need 3. If so 4. to solve the problem
5. it an honor
四、短语互译
1. thanks to 2. rid … of 3. be satisfied with 4. would rather
5. build up 6. equip … with 7. lead to 8. focus on
Unit 2 Working the land
提高练习
单句填空
1. (make) friends is a necessary part in my life.
2. It’s no use (argue) with a person like him.
3. I’m considering (consult) with my lawyer about the matter.
4. I have no trouble (persuade) him to change his mind.
5. The thief ran away quickly to avoid (catch).
6. Would you mind (turn) down your radio?
7. There is no use (keep) silent about such a matter.
8. His (not get) to the station on time made everyone worried last week.
9. The teacher told the students to stop (write) and (listen) to
him.
10. He succeeded in (persuade) her to do the job.
11. Seeing the funny scene, I can’t help . (laugh)
12. I regret (tell) you that my sister regrets (make) you her date. You are not the kind of person she wants.
13. The book is worth (read) a second time.
14. We are looking forward to (hear) from Mr. Li .
15. The windows haven’t been cleaned for a long time. They need (clean).
完成句子
1. I can hardly imagine (你能在这么短的时间内完成这么多工作).
2. In the past, he used to (把他所有的业余时间都用在发明新的机器上).
3. He has always insisted on (被送往国外学习).
4. --- I usually go there by air.
--- Why not (尝试一下坐高铁去那儿).
5. I would appreciate (你父亲今天下午给我回个电话).
6.You must (就迟到一事向你的老师道歉).
7. How about the two of us (去爬山) this afternoon.
8. No one enjoys (被嘲笑) in public places.
9. Do you mind (我在这里吸烟)?
10. (在早上朗读英语) has been part of his daily life.
三、语法填空
I crossed the street to avoid ___________ (run) towards me. It was no use ___________ (meet) him, but he saw me and came ___________ (pretend) that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy ___________ (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on ___________ (come) with you. I had to think of a way of ___________ (prevent) him from ____________ (follow) me around all morning.
“Hello, Nigel,” I said. “Fancy ____________ (meet) you here!”
“Hi, Elizabeth,” Nigel answered. “I was just wondering how to spend the morning --- until I saw you. You're not busy ____________ (do) anything, are you?”
“No, not at all,” I answered. “I'm going to …”
“Would you mind my ___________ (come) with you?” he asked, before I had finished ___________ (speak).
“Not at all,” I lied, “but I'm going to the dentist.”
“Then I'll come with you,” he answered. “There's always plenty to read in the ___________ (wait) room!”
参考答案
一、单句填空
1. Making 2. arguing 3. consulting 4. persuading 5. being caught
6. turning 7. keeping 8. not getting 9. writing, to listen 10. persuading
11. laughing 12. to tell, making 13. reading 14. hearing 15. cleaning/to be cleaned
二、完成句子
1. your finishing so much work in such a short time
2. devote all his free time to inventing new machines
3. being sent to study abroad
4. try going there by high-speed railway
5. your father’s calling back this afternoon
6. apologize to your teacher for your being late
7. going to climb the mountain
8. being laughed at
9. my smoking here
10. Reading English aloud in the morning
三、语法填空
1. meeting 2. running 3. pretending 4. meeting 5. coming 6. preventing
7. following 8. meeting 9. doing 10. coming 11. speaking 12. waiting
