Unit 4 Body Language
培优练习
Ⅰ. 语境填词
A) 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出所缺单词。
1．His ___________ (生气) would burst out when things didn't go as planned.
2．From her __________ (面部的) expression，I knew that she was very shy.
3．This room may be used for weddings and other ___________ (功能)．
4．They __________ (拥抱) each other when they met at the station.
5．When she was stopped by the police for speeding，she gave them a f__________ name and address to avoid being punished.
B) 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
6．She didn't let anyone know what she __________ (true) felt.
7．I gave him some medicine ___________ (ease) the pain.
8．It is not polite __________ (yawn) in public.
9．With all the work __________ (finish)，the man went home.
10．The teacher ___________ (greet) the students with a friendly “Hello” before class.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．这周末我们一起去敬老院帮助老人打扫卫生怎么样？
____________________ the nursing home to help the elderly do some cleaning this weekend?
2．你最好全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。
You'd better make great efforts to achieve it，or you ____________________．
3．此外，我们在乡下待了几天，这使我们感觉舒适。
In addition，we spent several days in the countryside，which made us ___________________．
4．即使明天下雨，我们也决定去参观博物馆。
We have decided to visit the museum ____________________ tomorrow.
5．她今晚很有可能给我打电话。
____________________ she will ring me tonight.
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
A smile will tell people around you that you are a kind and friendly person. However，many people don't smile because they think they have ugly teeth. For example，one of my classmates，Mike，doesn't have very nice teeth，so that is why he seldom opens his mouth. He even says that he has lost confidence because of his teeth. So it is very important for us to look after our teeth. In fact，a lot of people have this problem. Some people inherit tooth problems from their parents，while others' teeth are damaged because of bad habits，like heavy smoking，eating too much sugar or not brushing teeth often. If your teeth are in bad shape，you should see a dentist and ask for help. They can help improve your teeth and tell you how to take care of them.
Smiling can help you feel more confident and make people think of you as a more friendly person. If you want to keep healthy，you should not only smile but also laugh. An Indian doctor called Kataria said that young children should laugh about 30 times a day，while adults should laugh between 7 and 15 times a day. So please take this chance to smile and laugh now.
1．Many people don't smile because ．
A．they don't like smiling
B．they think they are ugly
C．their teeth are not beautiful
D．they can't open their mouths
2．What can a dentist do according to the passage?
A．A dentist can help improve your bad teeth.
B．A dentist can tell you how to take care of your bad teeth.
C．A dentist can tell you how to brush your teeth.
D．Both A and B.
3．If you want to keep healthy，you had better .
A．not smile often
B．laugh all the time
C．neither smile nor laugh
D．smile and even laugh often
4．How many times should a child laugh every day in doctor Kataria's opinion?
A．Either 300 or 30 times a day.
B．Between 7 and 15 times a day.
C．About 30 times a day.
D．Only 30 times a day.
B
I was asked by a reader recently why so many animals seem to have pink ears，when their bodies are all different colours? The truth is that most animals actually don't have pink ears. Let us explain.
Near the equator (赤道)，where the climate is hot，animals are likely to have darker skin，including on their ears. Think of the African elephant，which has quite dark ears. In colder climates，skin colour is usually lighter and often pink.
Why is skin colour different in different climates？Skin pigmentation，which is what gives skin its colour，can protect against sunburn and skin cancer (癌症)．When animals live in colder parts of the world，they don't need it as much to survive. Light-coloured skin also helps animals stay warmer because it reduces heat loss，which is useful if you're in a colder climate.
For most animals，the colour of their fur or other body covering has generally developed as camouflage. That allows animals to mix into the background and avoid being eaten，or for predators (捕食者) to remain hidden during hunting. One example is the sandy-coloured coat of the desert fennec fox，which uses camouflage for both hunting and hiding.
By the way，in many animals，ears come in many different shapes and sizes. For example，in bats，the serval (a type of African wildcat) and the fennec fox，the ears are large compared to their body size—this helps them hear better because it allows them to sense more sound waves. Naked mole-rats have tiny ears because they need to dig a lot. Big ears would get in the way. The other downside of big ears is that you can lose a lot of body heat. That's why animals that live in really cold places，like the Arctic fox，have quite small ears.
5．Who is the author most likely to be?
A．A teacher. B．A librarian.
C．A zoo worker. D．A science writer.
6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Sunlight.
B．Camouflage.
C．Skin pigmentation.
D．Light-coloured skin.
7．Which animal uses its skin colour to protect itself from being eaten?
A．The Arctic fox.
B．The naked mole-rat.
C．The African elephant.
D．The desert fennec fox.
8．What do we know about animals living in cold places?
A．They usually have small light-coloured ears.
B．They know ways to store body heat.
C．They need big ears to keep warm.
D．They usually have good hearing.
Ⅱ. 短文改错
Last month，my classmate，John，caught bad cold. The news which he was running a high fever and ordinary medicine hadn't worked on him immediate reached everybody in our class. Some recorded the English lessons for him so that he could keep up on his studies. Our English teacher calls on him at weekends. Thanks to everybody's kind help，he failed to falling behind in his studies and finally came back to the class. With love，no illness or difficulty are terrible. Love and help are two-way streets. Our classmates were offered John help partly because he had always been a warm-heart boy.So I realise that when we help others，we are helping us.
参考答案及解析
Ⅰ. 语境填词
A) 1．anger 2．facial 3．functions 4．hugged 5．false
B) 6．truly 7．to ease 8．to yawn 9．finished 10．greeted
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．How about going to
2．will lose face
3．feel at ease
4．even if/though it rains
5．It is very likely that
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A【语篇解读】 本文介绍了笑的作用以及有人不笑的原因。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“many people don't smile because they think they have ugly teeth.”可知答案选C。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“If your teeth are in bad shape，you should see a dentist and ask for help.They can help improve your teeth and tell you how to take care of them.”可知答案选D。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第二段“If you want to keep healthy, you should not only smile but also laugh.”可知答案选D。]
4．C [细节理解题。根据第二段“An Indian doctor called Kataria said that young children should laugh about 30 times a day.”可知答案选C。]
B 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。作者在文中回答了读者关于动物耳朵、皮肤的颜色等问题。
5．D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I was asked by a reader recently why...Let us explain”可知，作者解答读者关于科普知识方面的问题，因此最有可能是一名科普作家。]
6．C [篇章结构题。根据划线词前一句内容“Skin pigmentation，which is what gives skin its colour，can protect against sunburn and skin cancer”(皮肤色素沉着能保护皮肤不被晒伤，还能预防皮肤癌的发生)可推知，划线词所在句意为“生活在寒冷地区的动物，不需要皮肤色素沉着来维持生存”。it指“皮肤色素沉着”。]
7．D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That allows animals to mix into the background...the desert fennec fox，which uses camouflage for both hunting and hiding”可知，沙漠狐狸用伪装术来保护自己免于被捕食者吃掉。]
8．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In colder climates，skin colour is usually lighter and often pink”及最后一段中的“That's why animals that live in really cold places，like the Arctic fox，have quite small ears”可知，生活在严寒地区的动物的耳朵通常都比较小且颜色较淡。]
Ⅱ. 短文改错
Last month，my classmate，John，caught bad cold. The news he was running a high fever and ordinary medicine hadn't worked on him reached everybody in our class. Some recorded the English lessons for him so that he could keep up his studies. Our English teacher on him at weekends. Thanks to everybody's kind help，he failed to behind in his studies and finally came back to the class. With love，no illness or difficulty terrible. Love and help are two-way streets. Our classmates offered John help partly because he had always been a boy. So I realise that when we help others，we are helping .
Unit 4 Body Language
基础练习
Ⅰ. 语境填词
A) 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出所缺单词。
1．A government spokesperson made a s_________ to the press.
2．There must have been some __________ (误解)．I didn't order all these books.
3．Exercise has a(n) __________ (主要的) part to play in preventing and treating disease.
4．The war has ended but government spending on __________ (防御) is still increasing.
5．They didn't say anything，but they still kept to the u__________ agreement between them.
B) 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
6．People looked at him __________ (curious) and guessed who he might be.
7．Mr. Smith was chosen to __________ (represent) the company at the national trade meeting.
8．Jane took John's suitcase and __________ (greet) him and gave him a kiss.
9．Many __________ (associate) are breaking up for lack of money.
10．He took the ten o'clock __________ (fly) to New York.
Ⅱ. 单句改错 (每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．The star walked in，following by a crowd of fans.
2．It can be helpful to share your feelings to someone you trust.
3．Peter is shy and he doesn't like people standing too closely to him.
4．He is a first to admit that much of his success is due to his good looks.
5．Dr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，are going to visit Beijing this summer.
6．It won't do any good. In the contrary，it will make things even worse.
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don't talk. Gestures are the “silent language”of every culture. We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say. It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.
In the USA，people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction. The handshake must be firm. If the handshake is weak，it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness. Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder. Some people，usually women，greet a friend with a hug.
Space is important to Americans. When two people talk to each other，they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle (角度)，so they are not facing each other directly. Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close. They will move back to have their space. If Americans touch another person by accident，they say，“ Pardon me”or“Excuse me”．Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking. If you don't do so，it means you are bored，hiding something，or are not interested. But when you stare at someone，it is not polite.
For Americans，thumbs-up means yes，very good，or well done. Thumbs-down means the opposite. To call a waiter，raise one hand to head level or above. To show you want the check，make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper. It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger (食指)．Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.
Learning a culture's body language is sometimes confusing. If you don't know what to do，the safest thing to do is to smile.
1．If you are introduced to a stranger in the USA，you should ．
A．greet him with a hug
B．place a hand on his shoulder
C．shake his hand firmly
D．shake his hand weakly
2．Which behavior is acceptable when people talk to each other in the USA?
A．Facing each other directly.
B．Touching each other.
C．Not looking at the other person in the eyes.
D．Not standing too close.
3．When your American friend gives you a thumbs-up，he may ．
A．express his satisfaction with you
B．show his anger at you
C．show his rudeness to you
D．express his worries about you
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Flying on a plane for the first time can be frightening. It can be extra 1 for children who have autism (自闭症)．When Linda Diaz was 2 a vacation to Disney World four years ago，she wanted to make flying a 3 experience for her son，Andy，who has autism.
She called Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport (MSP) to see what could be done. 4 ，the airport didn't have programs to help Andy. So Diaz 5 the family's flights and 6 drove 1，500 miles to Orlando，Florida.
Soon after that drive to Disney World，a program started at MSP. It is to help make flying 7 for kids like Andy. The program is called Navigating MSP. It holds 8 every month for anyone who has 9 about flying. The program is not 10 for people with autism. Airline workers help 11 get used to the airport and planes. It helps them to be less frightened of flying. When they 12 fly，they are not as worried.
When Andy was 13 years old，his first 13 ride was planned. He went through a practice with his family. George Callow，an officer at the airport，helped the family through the safety checks. Callow said the visiting families got on a plane， 14 it was not going anywhere. It was just for them to 15 ．
After the last family arrived，the pilot greeted the families over the speaker，“Welcome aboard our flight to 16 .”After greeting the pilot and flight attendants，passengers went to their 17 ．But Andy had other plans. Frightened by his new surroundings，he ran down the aisle (走廊) of the plane， 18 a way out. Volunteers suggested that Andy might be most 19 in the front row. They were 20 ．Once seated，Andy was quiet and kissed his mother on the face. He felt better about flying now.
1．A. brave B．hard
C．harmful D．clever
2．A. planning B．spending
C．booking D．enjoying
3．A. long B．common
C．good D．personal
4．A. Moreover B．Therefore
C．However D．Then
5．A. canceled B．remembered
C．prepared D．missed
6．A. once B．again
C．still D．instead
7．A.quieter B．easier
C．faster D．shorter
8．A. games B．classes
C．speeches D．practices
9．A. stories B．questions
C．worries D．suggestions
10．A. even B．just
C．always D．yet
11．A. visitors B．patients
C．children D．foreigners
12．A. usually B．immediately
C．occasionally D．really
13．A. plane B．train
C．bus D．taxi
14．A. unless B．but
C．so D．if
15．A. hide B．relax
C．pay D．see
16．A. nowhere B．somewhere
C．anywhere D．everywhere
17．A. offices B．friends
C．seats D．families
18．A. pointing to B．looking for
C．thinking about D．dreaming of
19．A. certain B．acceptable
C．comfortable D．special
20．A. important B．lucky
C．hopeful D．right
参考答案及解析
Ⅰ. 语境填词
A) 1．statement 2．misunderstanding 3．major 4．defense 5．unspoken
B) 6．curiously 7．represent 8．greeted 9．associations 10．flight
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1．following→followed
2．to→with
3．closely→close
4．a→the
5．are→is
6．In→On
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了学习身势语在跨文化交流中的重要性。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，在美国，当相互介绍的时候，与对方握手要用力，否则会被视为不友好，故C项最佳。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，美国人谈话时不会站得太近。由第三段内容可知其他三项即“直面对方，互相触摸以及眼睛不看对方”都不是恰当的行为。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，对美国人来说，竖起拇指意味着“干得很好”，拇指朝下表达意思相反。]
Ⅱ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。明尼阿波利斯—圣保罗国际机场为有飞行障碍的人组织了体验活动，以减轻这些人乘坐飞机旅行的焦虑。
1．B [根据上文中的“Flying on a plane for the first time can be frightening”及本句中的“children who have autism”可知，对于有自闭症的儿童来说，首次乘机出行尤为“艰难(hard)”。]
2．A
3．C [根据第二段中的“She called Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport (MSP) to see what could be done”可知，Linda Diaz 四年前“打算(planning)”坐飞机去迪斯尼世界旅行，她想让自己罹患自闭症的儿子Andy有一次“良好的(good)”飞行体验。]
4．C [根据语境可知，设空所在句与上一句之间是转折关系，故本空填However。]
5．A
6．D [根据上文中的“the airport didn't have programs to help Andy”可知，明尼阿波利斯—圣保罗国际机场没有相关项目能帮助Andy，因此Diaz“取消了(canceled)”一家人的航班，“改作(instead)”驱车1 500英里前去奥兰多。]
7．B [根据下文中的“It helps them to be less frightened of flying”可知，该项目旨在帮助像Andy一样的孩子们，使他们的乘机出行变得“更容易(easier)”一些。]
8．D [第四段中的“He went through a practice with his family”提示了本空。]
9．C [本空填worries是对下文“they are not as worried”中的worried的同根词复现。]
10．B [根据上文中的anyone可知，这一项目并非“只(just)”针对自闭症患者。]
11．A [本空填visitors是对下文“passengers went to their”中的passengers的同义词复现。]
12．D [根据上文中的“Airline workers...get used to the airport and planes”可知，航空公司的工作人员帮助有飞行焦虑的人熟悉机场和飞机，当这些人“实际(really)”乘机旅行时，就没有先前那么焦虑了。]
13．A [Andy的首次乘“机(plane)”旅行已经安排就绪。]
14．B
15．D [根据上文中的“He went through a practice with his family”可知，进行参观体验的各个家庭上了一架飞机，“但是(but)”该飞机哪儿也不去，他们只是进行“观摩(see)”来了。]
16．A [根据上一段中的“it was not going anywhere”可知，这趟航班“无处(nowhere)”可去。]
17．C [下文中的“Once seated”提示了本空。]
18．B [根据本句前半部分“Frightened by his new surroundings”可知，Andy对新环境感到不适，在飞机走廊里跑来跑去，试图“寻找(looking for)”出口。]
19．C
20．D [根据下文“Andy was quiet and kissed his mother on the face.He felt better about flying now”可知，有志愿者建议，头排座椅可能对Andy来说是最“舒服的(comfortable)”，事实证明，志愿者们是“对的(right)”。]
Unit 4 Body Language
提高练习
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
A Lesson Plan from Life Planning Education：A Youth Development Program
Purpose：To learn about body language and how to use body language
Materials(材料)：Cards；container
Time：25－35 minutes
Planning Notes：
·Write the words below on cards：
angry·disappointed·shy·afraid·sad·happy·nervous·excited·bored
·Place the cards in the container so volunteers can draw them out one at a time.
Steps：
First make sure that all volunteers know what body language means(expressing feelings through body movement and facial expressions)．Go over the following instructions：
·I'll need at least 9 volunteers to play a game similar to charades (猜词游戏)．
·The first volunteer will draw a card with a feeling written on it and act out the feeling without using words.
·The rest of the group will guess what feeling is being communicated. Once someone correctly guesses the feeling，the next person in line will draw a card and act out what is written on it，again without words.
·The game will continue until there are no more cards or until time is up.
At last，end the activity using the discussion points below：
·Can you give examples of when someone's body language communicated a different message from what he/she actually skid?
·Sometimes one person is offended (冒犯) by another's body language. How can you work to keep that from happening？Answers may include：be honest and direct；match your nonverbal messages to your verbal ones；be aware of (清楚) cultural attitudes toward different kinds of body language.
1．To whom is the text most likely written?
A．Teachers. B．Students.
C．Volunteers. D．Young parents.
2．What do we know about the game?
A．One volunteer draws all cards.
B．Volunteers guess feelings one by one.
C．Each volunteer is given 25－35 minutes.
D．Feelings on cards are shown nonverbally.
3．What are you advised to do to avoid offensive body language?
A．Learn about different cultures.
B．Behave humorously.
C．Act indirectly.
D．Just let it be.
B
In March 2008，I told my friends：I was going to shut down my law practice and travel around the world in a year. What's more，I'd do it without taking any flights or making a single advance (预先的) reservation. Some friends offered support and encouragement，while others were doubtful. Once I'd said the words，there was no turning back. It took months to shut down my law practice and get things in order.
There really wasn't any great reason why I wanted to circle the world. I simply wanted to do something fun and different. When I had this plan，I didn't plan for it to lead to a life on the road forever. I was planning to come back，open a new law practice and write a hugely successful book about my travels. Before I left，I started a travel blog，which served as a way to take notes for the book.
Once I set off on my trip in December 2008，I found that travelling without using planes was not easy. It took seven days and nights on trains to get from Moscow to Beijing. Sometimes，I wouldn't see a village or a human being for 10 hours. I had a whole cabin to myself from the second day of that journey.
It turned out that travelling with no reservations was far less difficult than I had imagined. Pulling into a city on a bus with a bag，looking in a guidebook for a few suggestions of accommodations (住宿)，and then finding an empty room was never a problem.
Soon after I started this adventure，I realised that my return to the US would be temporary (暂时的)．About three months into my journey，I realised that I didn't want to go back to my old life. The world is so wonderful and I wanted to see as much of it as I could.
4．What's the author's friends' attitude to his new plan?
A．Dissatisfied. B．Supportive.
C．Uncaring. D．Divided.
5．Why did the author shut down his law practice?
A．He lost interest in law.
B．He followed a friend's example.
C．He wanted to find some enjoyment.
D．He failed to run the business successfully.
6．What was the author's plan for his global trip?
A．Avoiding travelling by air.
B．Finishing a book while travelling.
C．Making careful plans in advance.
D．Finding a place for his law practice.
7．What would the author probably do after returning to the US?
A．Start a travel blog.
B．Go back to his old life.
C．Prepare for another trip.
D．Be a temporary worker.
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
Finding motivation (动机)，especially study motivation，is not always easy. 1 Here are some ways of doing it.
Offer yourself encouragement.
Yes，you should give yourself a prize or some kind of reward when you've done a task. 2 Remember，you have to know the exact conditions that you need to meet in order to receive the wonderful cake.
3
You need to feel confident about your studies. I am sure all of us have succeeded on several occasions. Remember these past successes and you will feel more motivated to continue!
Write down your goals.
Don't just think about them，don't just say them，write them down！ 4 And that's why you find salesmen always want you to write something down before you actually buy something. By writing your name down，you are in a sense giving your support for their cause. If then you are asked to buy what they are selling，you are more likely to do that than if you hadn't signed the paper!
See your goals.
5 Put them up on the wall and paste (粘贴) small post-it notes all over the place. You have to keep on reminding yourself of the purpose behind your studies and what type of results you're expecting to achieve.
A．Remember past successes.
B．The written word is very powerful.
C．Don't forget about buying yourself a gift.
D．Don't just write them down and leave them like that.
E．Moreover，talking about your goals with others helps a lot.
F．However，with a little effort we can learn how to increase our motivation.
G．It could be something as simple as sweets or something greater like a vacation.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Michael is 1. American high school student. Like many schoolmates，Michael used 2. (eat) breakfast while it was still dark. But that changed when his high school followed a new time schedule two years ago.
The problem of school start time has become one of the most important issues 3.
are discussed in public. A growing number of sleep-related studies have pointed to high school students' need 4. more sleep. More than half of the 5.
(child) between ages 15 and 17，as is shown by researches，sleep for 7 or 6.
(few) hours per night.
Children like to stay up at night，usually going to bed late and waking up late in the morning. These habits may 7. (cause) by the biology (生理)，according to researchers. They think changing the sleep schedule of children 8. (be) unable to work，“Only going to bed earlier will not 9. (certain) make someone less tired in the early morning hours，”said a researcher. He also added，“Kids' lack(缺乏) of enough sleep is a growing public health problem in our nation. We need to work out ways to deal with 10. ．Putting off school start time may be helpful.”
参考答案及解析
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章是有关肢体语言运用的课程设计。
1．A [推理判断题。根据文章标题“A Lesson Plan from Life Planning Education：A Youth Development Program”及文章内容介绍可知，本文是一堂课的课程设计内容，由此可知，文章的阅读者是教师。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据Steps部分中的“The first volunteer...without using words”及“the next person in line...again without words”可知，志愿者们在做猜词游戏时，避免使用话语，只能用表演的方式呈现卡片上表示感觉的单词。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据Steps部分中的“be aware of cultural attitudes toward different kinds of body language”可知，为避免肢体语言冒犯他人，应该学习了解不同的文化。]
B【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。作者关掉律师事务所开始全球旅行，从此被地球上的美丽风景所吸引。
4．D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some friends offered support and encouragement，while others were doubtful.”可知，作者的朋友对他环球旅行的决定持不同意见。]
5．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I simply wanted to do something fun and different.”可知，作者旅行是为了体验一些乐趣。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What's more，I'd do it without taking any flights”及第三段中的“Once I set off on...I found that travelling without using planes was not easy.”可知，作者旅行中不会乘坐飞机。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I realised that I didn't want to go back to my old life. The world is so wonderful and I wanted to see as much of it as I could.”可知，作者回到美国短暂停留后还要继续旅行。]
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了四种提高学习动力的方法。
1．F [根据设空前一句“Finding motivation，especially study motivation，is not always easy.”可知，F项“然而，付出一点儿努力，我们就可以学习到如何提高我们的学习动力”符合语境。F项的内容与前一句构成意义上的转折关系。]
2．G [G项中的“something as simple as sweets or something greater like a vacation”是设空前一句中的“a prize or some kind of reward”的具体内容。]
3．A [设空处为段落小标题。根据本段主要内容“用过去的成功经历激励我们勇往直前”可知，A项“记得过去成功的经历”符合语境。]
4．B [B项中的“written word”与设空前一句中的“write them down”及设空后一句中的“write something down”相互呼应。]
5．D [根据本段小标题“See your goals”及设空后一句Put them up on the wall and paste small post-it notes all over the place可知，D项“不要只是将你的目标写在纸上，然后就置之不理了”符合语境。]
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】 当今社会中小学生睡眠严重不足，为解决这一问题，美国的一些学校推迟了学生上学时间。
1．an [考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词，又因American是以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]
2．to eat [考查非谓语动词。根据后文的“But that changed”可知，此处表示过去的情况。used to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”。
3．that [考查关系词。先行词issues被最高级most修饰，且在定语从句中作主语，故此定语从句关系词需用that。]
4．for [考查介词。the need for意为：“对……的需要”。]
5．children [考查名词。根据前文的“half of the”可知，此处需填child的复数形式。]
6．fewer [考查形容词的比较级。根据语境“许多学生每天晚上只能睡七个小时，甚至更少”可知，这里应填few的比较级fewer。]
7．be caused [考查动词的语态。根据语境可知，句子主语habits与动词cause之间是被动关系，故谓语动词应用被动语态。又因为前面是情态动词may，故填be caused。]
8．is [考查主谓一致。此句是动名词作主语，故谓语动词用单数。]
9．certainly [考查副词。所填词修饰动词make，故形容词certain需转化为副词形式。]
10．it [考查代词。此处需要一个代词指代前文的“a growing public health problem”，故填it。]
