Module 4 Great Scientists
培优练习
一、选择题。
1. The data from the satellite was enough for the computer model to ________ that the tsunami was smaller and less destructive.
A．check out B．turn out C．make out D．figure out
2. The policeman ________ a thief caught ________ in the supermarket.
A．brought up；stealing B．brought in；stealing
C．brought out；stolen D．brought on；stolen
3. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave ________ the back door.
A．for B．by C．across D．out
4. He ________ all his money, and as a result, he had to ________ delivering milk door to door.
A．used up；make a life with B．ran out of；make a living by
C．ran out；make a living with D．used up；make a life by
5. The old lady came in, ________ herself with a walking stick.
A．lifting B．raising C．supporting D．rising
6. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment ________.
A. damaged B. had been damaged
C. were damaged D. was damaged
7. Large quantities of cotton ________ shipped all over the world already while a large quantity of bamboo baskets ________ going to be exported to some western countries.
A．have been；is B．has been；are
C．have been；are D．has been；is
8. Jenny nearly missed the flight ________ doing too much shopping.
A．as a result of B．on top of
C．in front of D．in need of
9. Credit cards have largely ________ cash, for they are widely accepted everywhere.
A．exchanged B．reduced C．replaced D．developed
10. Though he didn’t agree with us at first, we soon ________ him to our way of thinking.
A. converted B. transported C. improved D. exchanged
二、阅读理解。
One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perfect score. I was elected as their arbiter(?仲裁人). I read the examination problem: “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).” The student had answered: “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower it to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building.”
The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didn’t confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and dashed off one, which read: “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical formula to calculate the height of the building.”
At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldn’t help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others, and then added, “Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him, ‘Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, I will give it to you.’” Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think. The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.
1. The student got a zero at the beginning because ________.
?A. the teacher wasn’t satisfied with him?
?B. his answer wasn’t complete or correct
?C. the teacher didn’t fully understand his answer
?D. his answer didn’t show his knowledge of physics
2. We know from the passage that ________.
?A. the student knew the expected answer??? B. the administrator told Bohr the height
?C. the author preferred Bohr’s last answer?? D. the teacher was a very stubborn person
3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
?A. instructors can teach students how to think?
?B. arbiters can help students to get high scores
?C. students should be given more freedom in thinking?
?D. teachers should make students use physical formulas
4. What was Bohr’s attitude toward his schooling?
?A. Optimistic.??? ??? B. Critical. ?????? C. Approving.??? ? D. Positive.
三、书面表达。
请从下列人物中选择你最喜欢的一位，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。要求根据所给信息作适当发挥，且需包括以下三部分内容：
1. 对该人物的简单介绍；
2. 喜欢该人物的理由；
3. 从该人物身上得到的启示。
Thomas Edison
Madame Curie
Qian Xuesen
inventor; creative; diligent; full of wisdom
scientist; determined; selfless; modest
scientist; diligent; selfless; devoted
“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
“The human must have to have the patience, specially must have the confidence.”
“Don’t lose faith. As long as you persist, you will achieve success.”
答案与解析
选择题。
1-5 DBBBC 6-10 DAACA
1.【解析】电脑根据卫星传来的数据足以计算出这次海啸威力会小些，也不会具有那么大的毁灭性。figure out计算出。
2. 【解析】bring in带进来；catch sb. doing sth.抓住某人在做某事。
3. 【解析】如果你开会时确实需要离开，你最好从后门走。leave by the back door指“从后门走”，by在这里表示方式、手段。
4. 【解析】他用光了所有的钱，结果只好靠挨家挨户送牛奶维持生计。use up，run out和run out of都可意为“用光”，但run out不接宾语，排除C项。make a living by doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“靠做……谋生”。
5. 【解析】lift“搬，抬”；raise“提升”；support “支持，支撑”；rise“抬高，增加”，根据句意可知，应选C项。
6. 【解析】实验室起火后，许多设备被毁坏。equipment为不可数名词。had been damaged表示该动作在broke out之前发生，故排除此项。
7. 【解析】a quantity of/quantities of “许多”，可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，作主语谓语动词要和quantity保持一致，即a quantity of用单数，quantities of用复数。
8. 【解析】珍妮差点由于大量购物而错过本次航班。选项A意为“由于……的结果”；选项B意为“在……的上面”；选项C意为“在……前面”；选项D意为“需要……”。根据语境，选项A正确。
9. 【解析】replace“取代”；exchange“交换”；reduce“减少”；develop“发展”。句意：信用卡已经很大程度地取代了现金，因为它们被广泛使用。
10. 【解析】起初他不同意我们，但很快我们将他转变到我们思想方法上。convert意思为“转变，转化”。
二、阅读理解。
1-4 DACB
1.【解析】从第一段的句子可知这个学生的答案没有涉及到物理方面的知识。选D。 2.【解析】从最后一段的句子Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did可知这个学生知道这个问题的答案。选A。 3.【解析】从最后一段的句子but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.可知学生应该被允许自由地思考。选C。 4.【解析】从倒数第二段的句子：but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.可知Bohr对高中的生活是批评的。选B。
三、书面表达。
Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of imagination.
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked. He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And this explained why he had so many great inventions.
What impresses me most is his famous saying. “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”. Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hardworking learner. From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
Module 4 Great Scientists
基础练习
完成句子。
1. The rocket was lit，and then there was a huge ____________(爆炸) and a cloud of thick smoke.
2. When a pencil is ____________(部分地) put in a glass of water，it will look as if it were broken.
3. Let's keep the conversation b ______; I have a plane to catch.
4. Try to keep your legs ____________(直的) in the air when doing this kind of exercise.
5. Millions of people are collecting money for the earthquake ____________(受害者)．
6. Staying up late makes him at his worst in terms of ____________(身体的) condition.
7. The picture is a copy and the ____________(原创的) painting is in a museum.
8. In Stephen Hawking’s case it was discovered that he was a ____________(才华横溢的) scientist.
9. As ____________ result of these efforts, now we are about to finish our long journey.
10. Our monitor has been known _____________ bringing people together.
重点表达。
对不同品种的水稻做实验 ________________________________________
由于袁隆平的发现 ________________________________________
解决人们吃饭的关键 ________________________________________
抚养，养育 ________________________________________
谋生 ________________________________________
三、阅读理解。
It is said that every scientist has a childhood dream of his or her future success. For Yuan Longping, the dream was that he would grow grains of rice as large as peanuts, and that farmers could relax in the large shadow of their plants.
His dream came true. Yuan is known as China’s father of hybrid(杂交的) rice. He is known for creating a type of rice that has a high yield.
He came up with the idea of hybridizing rice in the 1960s,when China was suffering a serious famine(饥荒). Ten years later, he grew a new species that produced a 20 percent higher yield than common types of rice.
Compared with the ordinary rice, the hybrid is highly adaptable. It is a stronger plant that can better bear drought and waterlogging(水涝),as well as diseases and worms.
Half of China’s rice crops are Yuan’s special rice. And the country’s total rice production has greatly increased. Today, Yuan continues to try and increase the yield of rice. If you ask him whether rice quality or quantity should come first, his answer is always the latter.
“First we must have enough food, and then we must eat well,” he said. But he added that a high yield did not necessarily mean a low quality.
Money and fame follow such great achievements. A seed company in Shenzhen used Yuan’s name and in return, he got a share of 2 million yuan.
But he said, “That figure means nothing. I’m satisfied with my life. Too much money is a burden.”
1.The farmers in China have grown hybrid rice since ________.?
A. the 1950s B. the 1970s C. the 1960s D. the 1980s
2.As a result of Yuan’s special rice, .?
A. no one in China is hungry any more
B. the farmers in China are satisfied with their life.
C. the farmers in China get at least 20% more rice than before
D. the farmers in China get at least 30% more rice than before
3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Yuan Longping believes that the quality of rice is more important than its quantity.
B. Chinese people led a hard life in the 1960s.
C. Every scientist has a childhood dream of his or her future success.
D. Yuan Longping looks like an ordinary farmer in his daily life.
4.What would be the best title of the passage?
A. A famous scientist.
B. Hybrid rice and super rice.
C. Father of hybrid rice.
D. Yuan Longping’s rice.
答案和解析
完成句子。
1. explosion 2. partly 3. brief 4. straight 5. victims
6. physical 7. original 8. brilliant 9. a 10. for
二、重点表达。
1. experiment with different types of rice
2. as a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries
3. the key to feeding people
4. bring up
5. earn one’s living
三、阅读理解。
1-4 BCAC
1. 【解析】由第三段中的“He came up with the idea of hybridizing rice in the 1960s...Ten years later, he grew a new species...”可推出中国的农民从20世纪70年代开始种植杂交水稻。
2. 【解析】依据为第三段最后一句Ten years later, he grew a new species that produced a 20 percent higher yield than common types of rice.十年后，他种植了一种新的品种，比普通类型的水稻的产量高20%。
3. 【解析】依据为第五段最后一句If you ask him whether rice quality or quantity should come first, his answer is always the latter.如果你问他是先考虑水稻质量还是数量，他总是会回答是后者。以及通过第六段也知A项与文章内容有出入。
4. 【解析】通读全文可知本文的关键词是袁隆平、杂交水稻。故而C项“杂交水稻之父”最为恰当。
Module 4 Great Scientists
提高练习
一、完成句子。
1.He did a good job this quarter and was asked to take a ____________(lead) position in the factory.?
2.She managed to find a job immediately after ____________(graduate).?
3.If someone had hurt me ____________(physical), I do not have to hate him in order to protect myself in the future.?
4. ____________(relative) speaking, land prices are still pretty cheap here.?
5.After thousands of experiments, the researchers finally made ____________ big breakthrough.?
6. Several people were injured in a bomb ____________(explode).
7. ____________(educate) and travel have equipped him to deal with all sorts of people.
8. He ____________(bring) up in London and moved around before buying his business.
9. The big tree ____________(blow) down in the storm last night.
10. In the last few years, a few more museums ____________(open) in our cities.?
语法填空。
In 1957, Jane Goodall travelled to Africa. She soon met the well-known scientist Louis Leakey and began working for 1 (he) as an assistant. He later asked her to study a group of chimps 2 (live) by a lake in Tanzania. Very little 3 (know) about wild chimps at the time. Mister Leakey believed that learning more 4 these animals could help explain the evolutionary(进化的) past of humans.?
Jane Goodall said, “That led to this extraordinary opportunity to study, not just any animal, 5 chimps. I would not 6 (hope) to do that. I mean I had no degree. I wasn’t qualified, I thought. He thought differently.”?
Louis Leakey thought Jane Goodall would be a perfect candidate for the job. She 7 (spend) much of her time reading and writing about animals. And, she was not a trained biologist. He believed this would keep her mind open to new 8 (discovery).?
9 (observe) chimps was not easy work. They were very shy 10 would run away whenever Jane Goodall came near. She learned to watch them from far away using binoculars. Over time, she slowly gained their trust. She gave the chimps human names such as David, Graybeard, Flo and Fifi.?
三、阅读理解。
Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.
Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies’ two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.
Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War Ⅰ began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities(设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military Medal by the French government.
In 1918, Irene became her mother’s assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935.Unfortunately,also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17,1956.
1.Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?
A. Because she received a degree in mathematics.
B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded.
C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.
D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.
2.Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederio Joliot?
A. At the Curie Institute.
B. At the University of Paris.
C. At a military hospital.
D. At the College of Sévigné.
3.When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?
A. In 1932. B. In 1927. C. In 1897. D. In 1926.
4.In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother?
A. Irene worked with radioactivity.
B. Irene combined family and career.
C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once.
D. Irene died from leukemia.
答案与解析
一、完成句子。
1.leading 2.graduation 3.physically 4. Relatively 5. a
6. explosion 7. Education 8. was brought 9.have been opened 10.was blown
二、语法填空。
1.him 2.living 3.was known 4.about 5.but
6.have hoped 7.had spent 8.discoveries 9.Observing 10.and
三、阅读理解。
1-4 BAAC
1. 【解析】根据第三段最后三句可知,居里夫人的女儿艾琳·居里之所以获得军人奖章是因为她在抢救伤员方面做出了很多贡献。
2. 【解析】根据第四段前两句可知,艾琳·居里是在居里研究所遇到后来成为她丈夫的弗雷德里克·约里奥的。
3. 【解析】根据第四段最后一句可知,他们的第一个孩子出生于1927年,第二个孩子是五年后出生的,也就是1932年。
4. 【解析】根据最后一段内容可知,艾琳·居里与自己的母亲有很多相似之处,唯一不同的就是,她只获得过一次诺贝尔奖,而母亲获得过两次。
