外研版必修五Module 6 Animals in Danger - Grammar课件（49张）

课件49张PPT。Module6 grammar attributive clause 定 语 从 句定语从句：是指在复合句中，
修饰 或 的从句.
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代
词叫做“ ”.
引导定语从句的词叫“ ” 名词代词先行词关系词
关系词通常有三个作用：
引导定语从句；
指代先行词；
在定语从句中充当句子成分。定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词关系
代词关系
副词
指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)where (地点状语)when (时间状语)why (原因状语)1.） that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。 A plane is a machine that can fly.指物作主语The noodles (that) I ate were delicious.指物作宾语Let’s ask the man that is reading the
book over there.指人作主语The girl (that) we saw yesterday is
Jim’sister.指人作宾语 引导定语从句的关系代词的用法2.） Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。They planted the trees which didn’t need
much water.主语The fish which we bought were not fresh.宾语3. ）who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语，代指人 (口语中who也可作宾语)。The foreigner who visited our school yesterday
is from Canada.The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.主语宾语4. ）whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught
fire last week. (whose=the teaher’s)This is the boy whose composition the teacher
talked of . (whose=the boy’s)思考:用whose时，前后词之间有什么关系，也可能等于什么？
I live in the house whose roof is red.I live in the house the roof of which is red.
I live in the house of which the roof is red.
结论: whose表示所属关系, whose+n=the+n+of which/whom=of which/whom+the+n 引导定语从句关系副词的用法1）.where 表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后，它在定语从句中做地点状语
This is the school where (=at which) I used to
teach.
What is the name of the town where (=in which)
we stayed last night?
2）. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。
Tell me the time when(=at which) the train leaves.
I will never forget the day when(=on which)
joined the army.
3）. why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句
I don’t know the reason why(=for which)he left
here.注：先行词表示时间、地点、原因时关系词不总是用when where 或 why。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，就不
能用when where或why，而要用which或that。
1. Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.
Hangzhou is a city that/which have a beautiful lake.
2. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I still remember the day (that/which) we spent together.
3. The reason why you were not able to go to school yesterday is not reasonable.
The reason (that/which) you explained to me is not reasonable.
注： 如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, condition，stage和 case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 或in which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
１．我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
I’ve come to the point where/in which I can’t stand him
２．国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
The country is in the situation where/in which a war will break out at any time.
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
不定代词修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。一般用that而不用which(5). 当先行词既包括人又包括物时
They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
(6)如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词引用which, 另一个用that 避免重复。
He built up a factory which produced things that had never
been seen before.
(7)主句是there be 结构，关系代词作主语的定语从句用that.
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.

1.当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.
2.关系代词前面有介词时。
The tree under which we used to take a rest
has been cut down.
3.先行词为代词that/those或that/those所修饰时，只能用which。如：
I don’t take that which is too expensive.
用which而不用that
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：
My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.
(2) 当先行词为those时，只能用who (whom)。如：
Those who want to go there come here please.
(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none,
all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如：
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 。


用who（whom）不用that限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句两种定语从句在意义上的区别In their classes there are 15 students who can speak English well.
In their classes there are 15 students, who can speak English well.
She has two sons who are P.L.A. men.
She has two sons, who are P.L.A. men.
不止１５个学生只有１５个学生不止两个，其余的可能不当兵只有两个，都是解放军which在非限定性定语从句中可以代表主句中的一部分甚至全部内
容，而不仅限于一个名词或代词，这时which引导的从句修饰整个
主句。They rely on themselves, which is much better.He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能
省略。I passed him a large glass of whisky, which he drank
immediately.Can you see a woman in a hat, whom Mr. Li is speaking to?as引导限制性定语从句 as通常和so, such 和the same连用, 从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如果先行词前有the same，关系代词也可以用that，表示同一事物。
Such English as is spoken here is not British.主语
He is not such a fool as he looks.表语
This is the same pencil that I used yesterday.宾语
as 引导限制性定语从句注：当 the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词可用as, 也可用that。用that表示他所引导的内容与先行词所讲的事物是同一个；用as既可表示“同一”又可表示“同类”。
This is the same bicycle that I have lost.
这是我丢失的那辆自行车。
This is the same bicycle as I have lost.
这辆自行车跟我丢的那辆一样。
⑴ as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。
1. As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .
2.The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .

（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义，因此，下列句式多用as
as has been said above 如上所说
as anybody can see 正像每个人所看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as 引导非限制性定语从句6. (06浙江) I was given three books on cooking,
the first ______I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:介词+whom / which / whose
7. This is the hero of_____ I am proud.
8. I recognized the boss in company my
sister was working. whosewhom介词+关系词1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m not sure?
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.= when关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。关系代词前介词的确定定语从句中的动词的数He is the only one in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
hashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us
was quite simple.that/ which/不填that/in which/不填缺状语缺宾语the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少
主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语:
引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that / in which / 不填The way 做先行词
当先行词是time,定语从句缺少状语时，若time作“次数”讲，关系词应使用that；
This is the second time that I have visited the country.
若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应使用关系副词when或at/during+which。
This was at a time when there were no radios, no telephones, or no TV sets. time做定语从句先行词
1). The news （that） we heard spread all over the school campus.(定语从句)
2）The news that our class won the game spread all over the school campus.(同位语从句)
【总结】
定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词（名词或代词）；而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的抽象名词，是名词性的，其功能是解释说明所修饰名词具体内容的。
在定语从句中，that在从句中充当成分，作宾语时可以省略；而同位语从句中的that不作成分，一般不可以省略。
定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1. It is a question that needs careful consideration.（定语从句）
2. It is novels that she enjoys reading. （强调句）
3. It was in the lab that we set up last year that they finished the experiment.(定语从句与强调句相结合)
【总结】
1. 强调句型中的it 是个引导词，本身没有意义，去掉it is/ was … that句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整；而定语从句中的it 是指示代词，做主句的主语，如果去掉it is/ was … that，句子结构不完整，意思也不完整。
2.当强调句型中含有一个定语从句时，通常定语从句在被强调部分中。
定语从句和强调句的区别1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhichpracticePracticeThis is the best film _______I’ve seen.
That is the last lesson ______I gave you.
This is the very book ______I’m after.
That is just the coat ______color is red.
That is the right place ______he works.
I still remember the schools and boys ______I met there.
Which is the dictionary _____ you want?(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)(that)1. Do you know the boy __ ____ your mother
is talking?
2. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first got
to Paris.
3. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I
am not very familiar with.
which / that / 不填Practicepractice1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______.
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed(目击） the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where
C. the same ; that D. as the same; as1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on（坚持） .
A. why B. where C. how D. /practice做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择
恰当的关系词。 1. There are 54 students in our class,
______ 18 are girls.
A. more than B. less than
C. in those D. of whom
2. We’ll remember those days _________
we spent together.
A. when B. in which
C. in that D. which practice 3. The doctor _________ is leaving for
Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
4. Next month, _________ you’ll spend
in your hometown, is coming.
A. which B. that C. when D. where 5. He had a bad cold, _____he didn’t
attend the meeting.
A. because B. because of which
C. to which D. because of that
6. There is no dictionary ______ you can
find everything.
A. in it B. in which
C. where D. in that 7. Do you want to buy the same radio
_______ was shown on TV?
A. what B. which
C. as D. that
8. She was wearing the same dress
__________ she had on the day before.
A. that B. which
C. where D. what 9. A new building will be built, _______
is reported in today’s newspaper.
A. it B. as
C. which D. that
10. All ________ is needed is a supply
of oil.
A. / B. that
C. what D. which １１、The text is one of the most interesting
stories_______learnt in the past
three days.A、that have
B、that have been
C、which has
D、that has beenB１２、The college won’t take anyone _____
eyesight is weak.A、who
B、whose
C、of whom
D、whichB１３、Let me think of a proper situation
_______ this sentence can be used.A、where
B、that
C、of whom
D、whichA１４、She will never forget the day_____
she spent in Beijing.A、when
B、what
C、which
D、whyC１５、Those _____ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who
B、who want
C、what wants
D、wantB1６、This is the last factory ___ he used to work at, many workers of _____ still
have a good relationship with him.A、that; it
B、which; whom
C、that; which
D、which; thatC1７、They have decided to finish their
work, ______ I think is a wise choice.A、that
B、what
C、which
D、whetherC1８、There are three libraries in our
school, _______ were built five
years ago.A、all of them
B、either of them
C、all of which
D、both of thatC19、This is the reason ______ he told me.A、that
B、why
C、on which
D、for thatA