外研版必修五Module 7 Revision - Grammar课件（36张）

课件36张PPT。正反解读定语从句Book 5 Module7 Revision GrammarAttributive clausesWhich is the bike that you lost?
As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.
We should go where the Party needs us most.
What is known to all is that the moon travels round the earth.
I consider that we should learn English well.
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much.
√√√√1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 　　　　showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease…?【答案】that或which　【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。2. [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing programme 　　　　gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers…?【答案】that/which　【解析】考查定语从句。根据前面的a soil-testing programme及空格处缺少主语可知,填that/which。3. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] But Sarah, 　　　　has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. ?【答案】who　【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处是一个定语从句,缺少关系词,代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语,故填who。4. [2017·6月浙江卷] …was spread over the garden, 　　　　it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 【答案】where　【解析】此处先行词是the garden,在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。5. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ] But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 　　　　I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. ?【答案】when　【解析】此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是时间名词,从句缺少状语,故填关系副词when。①先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;
②先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;
④先行词被the only,the very(正是,恰是),the last修饰;
⑤先行词中既有人也有物;
⑥在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
考点一 下列情况只用that不用which:
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句
先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when,where,why。有时可用“介词+which”结构替换。Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗?
for which[温馨提示]
①当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词,仍用which/that引导定语从句。
②当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,则用关系代词that/which。1. I still remember the days __________ I spent in Beijing.2. Can you think of a situation _______ this phrase can be used?that/ whichwhere误区之一　 关系代词与关系副词的误用
(1)【误】 I still remember the days when I spent with farmers in the countryside.【正】 I still remember the days (that/which) I spent with farmers in the countryside.
[分析] when改为that/which。先行词是the days,从句动词spent缺少宾语,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句并作从句宾语。
(2)【误】 The big house which the workers used to live is now a teaching building.【正】 The big house where/in which the workers used to live is now a teaching building.
[分析] which前加in或改为where。先行词是the big house,从句结构完整,故用关系副词where引导定语从句并作从句状语,相当于in which。工人住过的大房子现在是一座教学楼。
误区之二　关系代词that与which的误用
(1)【误】 All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.【正】 All the books that were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.
[分析] which改为that。当定语从句的先行词被all, some, any, no, few等修饰时,关系代词用that。句意:所有从图书馆借出的书必须按时归还。
(2)【误】 He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south.(3)【误】 Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.【正】 He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south.[分析] that 改为which。在“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句中,指物时,关系代词用which不用that;指人时,关系代词用whom不用who。表示所有格关系时,一律用whose,the window of which相当于whose window。[分析] that 改为which。在非限制性定语从句中,用which而不用that。【正】 Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.误区之三　关系代词与替代词的重复误用
【误】 I am writing to make a complaint that the mobile phone which I bought it from your company has a problem.[分析] 去掉it。先行词是the mobile phone, which在从句中作宾语,故it多余。句意:我写信投诉我在你们公司买的手机有个问题。【正】 I am writing to make a complaint that the mobile phone which I bought from your company has a problem.误区之四　关系代词与普通代词的误用
【误】 You can also make more Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.[分析] they改为who或they前加and。分析句式结构可知,此处是一个定语从句,从句缺少主语,故用who引导定语从句,指代more Chinese friends。who will tell you相当于 and they will tell you。【正】 You can also make more Chinese friends, who will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.Ⅰ.单句填空
1. She and her family bicycle to work,
　　　　helps them keep fit. ?【答案】which　 【解析】句意:她和家人骑自行车上班,这有助于帮助他们保持健康。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个分句,故用which来指代前面的句子并作主语。2. The old man turned his business over to his younger son, 　　　　made his elder son discouraged. ?【答案】which　 【解析】句意:那个老人把生意交给了小儿子,这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面一整句话的内容,并在从句中作主语,故填which。3. I will never forget such a beautiful village 　　　　I spent my childhood with my grandparents. ?【答案】where　 【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄,在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作地点状语,因此用where引导,相当于in which。4. There they met people from other parts of the country, 　　　　had also volunteered to help. ?【答案】who　 【解析】句意:在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人,他们也是自愿来帮忙的。分析句子结构可知,此处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词,先行词是people,从句缺少主语,故填关系代词who。5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those 　　　　lives were affected. ?【答案】whose　 【解析】句意:这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角来讲述地震的故事。主句结构完整,先行词为those,引导词代替先行词在从句中修饰名词lives,作定语,因此用whose。6. On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm 　　　　we learnt to plant potatoes. ?【答案】where　 【解析】句意:在一个秋天的下午,我们被送到一个农场,在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a farm,且在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导。7. It's helpful to put children in a situation
　　　　they can see themselves differently. ?【答案】where　 【解析】句意:让孩子们处于能看到不同的自己的境地对他们很有帮助。situation作定语从句的先行词,从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导该定语从句。8. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of 　　　　were published in the 1990s. ?【答案】which　 【解析】句意:他写了很多少儿读物,几乎一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,对主句进行补充说明。在介词of之后作宾语,代替指物的先行词children's books,故用which。9. Tom's new watch 　　　　hands are made of gold is quite expensive. ?【答案】whose　 【解析】句意:汤姆的新手表的指针是金制的,相当昂贵。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为watch,hands与watch之间为所属关系,应用whose引导该定语从句。10.Many young people, most of　　　　were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. ?【答案】whom　 【解析】句意:很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想,他们中的大多数都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为many young people,作介词of的宾语,故要用whom。11. Kate, 　　　　sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. ?【答案】whose　 【解析】句意:凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了,当我们在大学里时我与她姐姐同住一间宿舍。Kate与sister是所属关系,需用whose引导定语从句。12.The air quality in the city, 　　　　is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. ?【答案】as　 【解析】句意:正如报道显示的那样,过去两个月这座城市的空气质量已经改善了很多。此句用as引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,意为“正如”。13.It is the third time that she has won the race, 　　　　has surprised us all. ?【答案】which　 【解析】此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。14.Please send us all the information
　　　　you have about the candidate for the position. ?【答案】that　 【解析】句意:请你把有关这个职位候选人的所有信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语,前面又有all修饰,故只能用that,不用which。15. Self-driving is an area 　　　　China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. ?【答案】where　 【解析】句意:自动驾驶是中国和世界其他地区area在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。Ⅱ.单句改错
1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
___________________________________________【答案】which改成in which或where　 【解析】句意:他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。 a small pond是先行词,并在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。2. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ] …they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.
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【答案】that改为which　【解析】该处前有逗号,后句为非限制性定语从句,故用which。3. [2016·四川卷] The dishes what I cooked were Mum's favourite.
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【答案】what改为that/which或者去掉what4. We all like our English teacher, from him we have learned a lot.
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【答案】him改为whom或from前加and5. Between the lectures is a 20 minutes' break, where the students can get relaxed.
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【答案】where改为when