中考英语二轮语法专项系列导学案7： 形容词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
九年级英语语法专项系列导学案7：
专题7: 形容词

命题趋势：
在各地历年中考中，形容词是必设考点，分值多在6～7分左右，命题形式多样，涉及单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、词汇运用等诸多题型，其中对形容词句法功能、比较等级的准确用法及易混形容词词义辨析的考查是重点。
二、考点梳理：
形容词主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，描述人或事物特征、特质、状态等，在句中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语，大部分形容词都有三级变化。
考点1：形容词的句法功能
1. （定语形容词）主要用来修饰名词，放在所修饰的名词前面；还可以修饰代词,放在不定代词之后；
一般情况下，形容词放在所修饰的名词前面, 作前置定语；也可放在something, anything, everything 等复合不定代词的后面，作后置定语。
例如: China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。（前置定语）
There is something wrong with my watch.我的手表坏了。（后置定语）
练一练，辨一辨：
1. The man looked at me with a ______ smile.
A. friend B. friends C. friendly D. friendlily
答案：C
解读：考查形容词的句法作用。形容词friendly用来修饰名词smile，放在所修饰名词的前面。
2. --- Is there ________ in today's newspaper?
--- Yes. A terrible accident happened in Hubei.
A. special something B. anything special C. something special D. special anything
答案：B
解读：考查形容词的句法功能。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，放在所修饰的合不定代词后面，anything常用语否定或疑问句中。
2. （表语形容词）也可放在系动词之后, 构成主系表结构，说明主语的特征、身份、状态等；
大部分形容词既可作定语又可作表语，而且两者之间可以相互转化。
如:The film is interesting.（表语） It’s an interesting film。（定语）
但是有些形容词只能作表语形容词,如: asleep 睡着的; awake 醒着的; alive活着的; afraid 害怕的;alone 独自的; well 健康的。
有些情感情绪类等形容词后接动词不定式，构成be+ adj.+to do句式，动词不定式to do表示情绪、情感的产生原因。
例如: I’m glad to meet you. 见到你很高兴。
Tom was very excited to hear the exciting news. Tom听到了这个消息很兴奋。
3. 有些形容词还可作宾语补足语, 放在宾语之后，常与 make, leave, keep 等动词连用。
例如:The movie make me sad.这部电影使我很伤心。
We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们应该使教室保持整洁。
4. 形容词的名词化
形容词不能单独做主语或宾语，但某些形容词前加the后变为名词，可做主语或宾语。常见的形容词有：good/bad; poor/rich; deaf/blind/disabled等。
例如：The young(主语) should take good care of the old（宾语）.
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. We didn’t get on well and she always made me _____.
A. angry B. angrily C. be angry D. to be angry
2. The flowers smells ____ and I like it very much.
A. well B. good C. bad D. badly
3. ---The fish tastes _______. We have eaten it up.
---It is certain that she cooked it ________.
A. good; well B. well: good C. well; well D. good; good
?考点2：形容词词义辨析
形容词的词义辨析题是历次考试的必考点，常在单项选择和完形填空题中设置对话语境，考查形似或意思相近的形容词的辨析，解答时我们要读懂题意，了解相关形容词表达的具体含义。记忆单词时，要做到音形义相结合。
练一练，辨一辨：
1. Now people have more free time. Square Dancing is becoming more and more ________.
A. popular B. difficult C. different D. comfortable
答案：D
解读：考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意得知，广场舞变得越来越受欢迎。
2. Each of you should keep yourself ______ when doing this chemistry experiment.
A. clear B. safe C. safely D. clearly
答案：
解读：考查形容词词义辨析及形容词的句法功能。根据句意得知，做这项化学实验室，你们每个人应该确保自己安全。形容词safe在句中作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。
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1. Joe took up a cup to drink some water, but he found it ______.
A. empty B. heavy C. clean D. cold
2. It is ___ for us to bring our umbrellas because the weather report says it will rain this afternoon.
A. hard B. interesting C. easy D. necessary
3. ---How about the movie, Jack?
---It's a little boring. And I was too ______ to watch the end of it.
A. sleepy B. asleep C. sleep D. sleeping
4. Mum, the soup isn’t ____ enough. A little more sugar, please.
A. sour B. salt C. sweet D. hot
5. ---Why do you like living in the countryside, Uncle Wang?
---Because the air there is _____ and clean.
A. cold B. dirty C. thin D. fresh
考点3: 形容词比较等级的运用
形容词比较级与最高级的构成
规则变化：
（1）单音节词或部分双音节词：
① 一般情况下直接在词尾加er，est；
② 以e结尾的直接加r，st；
③ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加上er，est；
④ 辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i，再加er，est；
（2）部分双音节词或多音节词的比较级与最高级构成可分为两种情况：
①在原级前加more或most。（升级比较），译为：更/较……或最……
②在原级前加less或least。 （降级比较） 译为：较不……或最不……
想一想,练一练：important的比较级与最高级有哪些？
比较级：__________________________________________________________________________
最高级：__________________________________________________________________________
不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill worse worst
little(少的) less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old older oldest
elder eldest


形容词原级的用法
（1）表示A B两者在某方面相同或不同时，可用形容词的原级。
①肯定句: A +谓语动词+as+形容词原级+as + B。
如：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和汉语一样有趣儿。
②否定句: A+谓语动词（含not）+as/so+形容词原级+as+ B。
如：This book isn’t as/so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。

形容词比较级的用法
（1）表示两者进行比较时，需使用形容词的比较级，常用结构为“A+谓语动词+比较级+ than +B”。
例如： Lily’s bike is more beautiful than Kate’s. Lily的自行车比Kate的自行车漂亮。
温馨提示：
使用比较级时，应该是同类进行对比。
例如： Mike’s bedroom is bigger than Lucy’s. Mike的房间应该与Lucy的房间比较大小，而不能说成Mike’s bedroom is bigger than Lucy。
使用比较级时，切忌一方包含另一方，从而造成自身与自身相比的可能性。
例如：“她比她班上任何同学学习都努力。” 应译成“ She studies harder than any other student in her class.”，而不能译成＂She studies harder than any student in her class. " 。因为any student in her class可能包括she，使用了other才能将其排除。
（2）其他常用句型有：
表示A B两者之间进行比较，可用句型：Which/ Who is+形容词比较级，A or B?
例如：Who is shorter, Li Ming or Li Wen? 李明与李文相比，谁更矮？
表达“越来越……”，用比较级的叠加结构，即：比较级+and+比较级，如：The weather is becoming warmer and warmer。 如果形容词为多音节词，用more and more+形容词原级，如：more and more beautiful，越来越漂亮。
表示“越……，越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”。如：The more，the better.越多越好。
练一练，辨一辨：
The ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you’ll make.
more careful; less B. more carefully; less C. more careful; fewer D. more carefully; fewer
答案：C
解析：考查形容词与副词的句法功能以及比较句型the+比较级，the+比较级。形容词careful可放在系动词are之后作表语，副词carefully用来修饰行为动词；mistakes为可数名词复数形式，应该用fewer来修饰，而不是less。
表示两者之中较……的一个，常用the+比较级+ of the two结构。
如：Tom is the taller of the two. Tom是两个孩子中较高的那个。
表程度的副词 a little/a bit/a few/a lot/much/even/still/far/ rather可用来修饰比较级。
如：It’s much hotter today than yesterday. 今天比昨天热多了。

形容词最高的用法
①三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。
形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常用in/of短语来表示比较范围。但当形容词最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，其前不能再用定冠词。
Of all the drinks, Tea is the oldest in the world. 茶是所有的饮料中历史最悠久的。
②表示“最……之一”时，用“ one of the+形容词最高级十名词复数”结构。
例如：The Yangtze River is the longest river in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
China is one of the oldest countries in the world.中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
③表示ABC三者之间进行比较，可用句型：Which/ Who is+形容词最高级，A, B or C?
例如：Who is shortest, Li Ming, Li Tao or Li Wen? 李明、李涛、李文三人相比，谁最矮？
④形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，构成句式：主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+in/of短语，表示“……是第……最……”。
例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二大长河。
⑤形容词的比较级结构也可以表示最高级的含义。
The+形容词最高级+名词可转化为：比较级+than +any other +可数名词单数或比较级+than +the other +可数名词复数；
例如：Kate is the shortest girl in her class.
同义句1: Kate is shorter than any other girl in her class.
同义句2: Kate is shorter than the other girls in her class.
同义句3: Kate is shorter than anyone else in her class.
同义句4: No one is shorter than Kate in her class.
同义句5: No one is as short as Kate in her class.
比一比，赛一赛：王伟是他班里最高的学生。有几个翻译方法？
同义句1:___________________________________________________________________________
同义句2: ___________________________________________________________________________
同义句3: ___________________________________________________________________________
同义句4: ___________________________________________________________________________
同义句5: ___________________________________________________________________________
??????????????????????????????????范例解读??????????????????????????????????
1. The number of giant pandas is getting ________ because their living areas are becoming farmlands.
A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer
答案：C
解读：考查名词和形容词的比较级。The number of ...意为：......的数量，回答时需用big或small。根据句意得知，因为大熊猫的栖息地正在变成耕地，大熊猫的数量正变得越来越少，故选C。
2. ---What do you think of the car?
---It looks beautiful. I like it but I can’t afford it. It's _____ than I expected.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
答案：D
解读：根据句意得知，我很喜欢，但我买不起，因为比我预料的要贵。出现标志词than用比较级。
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1. Look! This house is as _______as that one.
A. the most beautiful B more beautiful C. beautiful
2.---Which do young people prefer，music or sports?
---Both. Music is _______ sports.
A.as popular as B. not as popular as C. more popular than D. less popular than
3. Bill and Craig are _______ boys and and Craig is _______ of the two.
A. taller; tallest B. tall; taller C. tall; the taller
三、真题感悟练：
1. ---Who is ____running star in your college?
---I think Wu Tao is.
A. famous B. more famous C. the most famous D. less famous
2. ---Tim, do you think time is money?
---Yes. but I think it is ____ money
A. more important than B. very important as C. the same as D. not important as
3. ---Which student has got ____score. Frank, Sping or Thomas?
---Thomas, of course, he has got the full marks in the exam.
A. the lowest B the least C. the easiest D. the highest
4. ---How was your vacation in Shanghai?
---Oh, ______. I can't stand it. There were too many people and the weather was too hot.
A. great B. terrible C. interesting D. scary
5. ---Would you like some more coffee?
---Yes. Just ___.Thanks
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
6. ---What do you think of the Final Match of Australian Open?
---I’ve never seen ______ one. It lasted for more than 5 hours
A. a long B. a longer C. the longer D. the longest
7. ---How amazing the Great Wall is!
---Yes, but it is very _____ to climb it.
A tired B. surprising C. tiring D. surprised
8. ---Would you like to go out for a walk?
---Good idea, and the TV programs are too _____.
A. wonderful B. interesting C. exciting D. boring
9. Zhao Gang said that his coach was ____ him when he joined the Chinese diving team.
A. angry at B. strict with C. strict about D. afraid of
10. John didn't know the boy and his mother. But it was ____of him to jump into the river and save the boy.
A. happy B. brave C. weak D. strong
11. ---The accident was really terrible, wasn't it?
---Yes, it was. The young man on the bicycle was too _____.
A. careless B. careful C. luck D. excited
12. ---Which of those radios sounds _____?
---The smallest one.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
参考答案：
考点1: 1. A 2. B 3. A
考点2: 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D
考点3: 1. C 2. A 3. C
想一想,练一练：important的比较级与最高级有哪些？
比较级：more important较重要的；less important较不重要的
最高级：most important最重要的；least important最不重要的
比一比，赛一赛：王伟是他班里最高的学生。有几个翻译方法？
句1：王伟是他班上最高的学生。 Wang Wei is the tallest student in his class.
句:2：王伟比班上其他任何一个学生都高。 Wang Wei is taller than any other student in his class.
句3：王伟比班上其他所有的学生都高。Wang Wei is taller than the other students in his class.
句4：王伟比班上其他任何人都高。Wang Wei is taller than anyone else in his class.
句5：在班里没有人和王伟一样高。No one is as tall as Wang Wei in his class.
句6：在班里没有人比王伟高。No one is taller than Wang Wei in his class.
真题提升练：
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. D


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