Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
分层练习
基础题
一．词形转换
1．He often says that he doesn't believe in any ________ (religious) and only believes in himself.
2．We want to give all children a world free of ________ (violent)．
3．Do you believe the ________ of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people. (exist)
4．There was a ________ look on the little girl's face because a ________ problem ________ her. (puzzle)
5．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also ________ to your mental health. (harm)
6. They entered the area without________ (permit).
7. It would be _______ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.
8. My husband loves ________ (adventure) life while I enjoy a more peaceful life.
9. The principal’s ________ (present) at the party didn’t seem to be very welcome.
10. This grand park is a rare _________ (survive) from the eighteenth century.
二．单句语法填空
1. _____was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.
2. I had meant to call you, but was prevented______ doing so.
3. Therefore, I couldn't spare enough time to write you back ____ time.
4. He finds it hard to exist ________ the money he's earning.
5. I can feel the wind________ (gentle) blowing through my hair, it was a warm summer breeze.
6. I can say that it is the most ________ (violence) film that I have ever seen.
7. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _____ turn creates more problems.
8. Sometimes he found_____ very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
9. As we all know, the Republic of China came into ________ (exist) as an independent country in 1949.
10. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times ____ (big) than the present one.
三．选词填空。请从下面方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空。
go ahead, cheer up, in rags, in time, take a chance, by accident, stare at, as for, account for, be about to, bring up, on the contrary
1. ________! You must believe in yourself and you will get success.
2. They found the cave quite when they were walking across the field.
3. He was in London，and came to America for further education.
4．I found a woman ________ trembling with cold at the corner of the street.
5．—Shall I go on with the talk?
—Sure. ________. They’re all listening.
6. They ________ get down the hill when suddenly it began to rain heavily.
7. Though he was told it was hard to find a job there, he still decided to ________.
8. Last night, Mrs. Green had a heart attack. But luckily, the doctor came _______to save her life.
9. He studies hard，which ______ his rapid progress.
10. You didn’t bother me，________，I like your company.
11. It is bad manners to ______a young girl in public.
12. We had a wonderful time in the country.________ the traffic，we had no difficulty.
◆ 能力题
一. 单句改错
1. As we all know, a bad eating habit is harm to one's health.
2. The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
3. It is a puzzle for me why he wants to change his job.
4. The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and had crashed into a truck
5. The breeze of the south comes gentle. The noisy parrot sleeps in its cage.
6. We must do what we can to prevent the rivers of being polluted.
7．Which you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
8．The Roman Empire has existed for several centuries before it broke down.
9. Now that the teacher has explained the question，you should write down the answer of your turn.
10．What he has done makes him possible to finish the work on time.
二．同义句转换, 每空一词。
1. What is known to us is that drinking too much is harmful to your health.(harmful)
→_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ to us is that drinking too much_____ _____ _____ your health.(harm)
2．Honestly speaking，I don't think we have the chance of winning.
→_____ _____ _____，I don't think we have the chance of winning.
3．Do you mind if I call you later?
→Do you mind _____ _____you later?
4．It is possible for every student in our school to use a computer in class.
→Our school _____ _____ _____ for every student to use a computer in class.
5. We dare not risk climbing up the cliff, for it is too slippery.
→We dare not ____ ____ ____ to climb up the cliff, for it is too slippery.
三．补全句子
1. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西好。(what引导主语从句)
__________________ seems better than what we already have.
2. 还不清楚这次事故是否对环境有影响。(it作形式主语)
__________________ the accident has an effect on the environment or not.
3. 在学校大礼堂将举行一次会议，有几个学生正忙着做准备。(be to do)
In the school hall，where _________________，some students are busy preparing for it.
4. 无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。(make it ＋n. ＋to do ...)
No matter where he is, he __________________ before breakfast.
5. 更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照顾父亲的时候了。(one's turn)
More importantly, I found ________________ to start looking after my father.
6. 李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)
Li Ming's mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Hua's, but it cost_______________ his.
7. 长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。
After the long journey, the three of us went back home, _____________________.
8．请给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。
Please give them encouragement to live_____________________ you do.
提升题
一. 阅读理解
第一节：
Our family loves the snow and cheers at the first good storm of the season. While others may think of Florida, we dream of a cabin vacation in New York’s Allegany State Park.
One particular trip, I recall, was just a bit more memorable than the rest. What we now refer to as the snow pants incident began accidentally enough. My husband, Bernie, and our 2-year-old daughter, Faith, were building a snow fort while I sledded down a nearby slope.
On the way back up from one trip, I saw a small stone tumbling down the track I had just made. I was puzzled, since all the other rocks were buried under several feet of snow, as I stood and wondered about the stone---it jumped! This was no stone. This was a mouse.
Now, I love nature, but that doesn’t include mice. I loudly protested the invader, and Bernie, coming to my rescue, assured me that this was not a mouse but a mole, as if that mattered. A mouse or a mole I still didn’t like it.
Bernie and I stood for a few minutes watching the creature disappear from the path into the furry white and come back out again. But soon it disappeared and I headed up the hill again.
Shortly after I left, my husband screamed out, saying that the mole had gone up the leg of his snow pants. You have to understand Bernie can be quite a joker, and I smelled a rat. Not wanting to be a sucker and fall for another one of his jokes, I laughed it off. When he started running for the cabin, though, I stopped laughing and decided maybe this was for real.
“Don’t you dare take that thing into the house!” I yelled. But like a flash, Bernie was already dashing through the cabin’s front door, with his snow pants, the mole and all. If it were me, I’d have been down to my long underwear right there in the snow without a second thought.
A few minutes later Bernie appeared. We relished the rest of our winter vacation, drinking lots of hot chocolate, sitting beside the fireplace and admiring nature---from a safe distance.
1. Why did the author’s husband come to her rescue?
A. Because the “mouse” frightened her
B. Because she hardly controlled the sled
C. Because the snow fort she built was damaged
D. Because she stepped on the stone and fell down
2. When her husband said that the mole had gone up the leg of his snow pants, the author was ________.
A. curious B. puzzled C. excited D. doubtful
3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. They enjoyed the rest of their holiday
B. They were fond of hot chocolate
C. Her husband had freedom at last
D. Nature can be dangerous at times
4. What could be the best title of the text?
A. A Memorable Experience with a Joker
B. The Painful Incident in Allegany State Park
C. Family’s Funny Vacation in the Snow
D. My Strong Love for Nature
第二节:
Vacations are important. We need to take time out from work to relax, and just be ourselves. __1__We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us — at least for a few weeks each year — and just have fun. This might be something as simple as reading a good book in front of a warm fireplace and travelling to the most interesting places on our planet. Whatever we fancy doing is worth taking time out for.
Workplace stress is on the rise. __2__These include disease, depression and even death. We all seem to be running from one place to the next, never finding out where we want to go in the first place. I intend to break that trend in the coming days.
__3__I will sleep late, write, watch movies, drink the occasional glass of wine, and eat to my heart's content ignoring calorie counting. My plan is to just enjoy the fleeting moments of being alive.
__4__Spend your next vacation the way you want. Do what will restore your mental health. You're very valuable to the people who are close to you, and to those who depend on you. Like it or not, we are all interdependent in this great life of ours.
You are valuable. Just remember that the next time you look at the mirror and take a deep breath. Remind yourself that there will never be anyone like you ever on this earth again.
__5__ All you have to do is just ask yourself what you want to do.
A．With it come many health problems.
B．When you finally get home you'll be greatly refreshed.
C．I challenge each one of you to do the same.
D．Draw up a detailed plan so you can see more.
E．Life is not all about work, or at least it shouldn't be.
F．And only you know how to vacation your way.
G．For my next holiday, I will do all the things that I love doing.
三. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Mike，
You said you want to know a lot much about the English Club of our school. It was three years ago when the English Club was born. It was found to improve students' interest in English. Those interested in English got together in the multimedia classroom every Saturday afternoon. There are many activities holding in it. Students can watch diversely English films. They can as well as learn to sing English songs, which can help them learn English word by heart. In addition, many topics can be discussed there in a language. How do you like our club? I'm looking forward to early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
四． 书面表达
假定你是李华，你的好友李明在中学生英语朗诵比赛中荣获一等奖。请你根据以下内容，给他写一封祝贺信。内容包括。
1．向他表示祝贺；
2．请他介绍成功的经验；
3．希望有一天能像他一样取得成功。
注意：1.词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已经为你写好，但不计入总词数；3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Li Ming，
I hear that you have won the first prize.
.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析
基础题
一．词形转换
1. religion 2. violence 3. existence 4. puzzled; puzzling; puzzled 5. harmful
6. permission 7. unbelievable 8. adventurous 9. presence 10. survivor
二．单句语法填空
1. What 2. from 3. in 4. On 5. gently
6. violent 7. in 8.it 9. existence 10. Bigger
三．选词填空。
1. Cheer up 2. by accident 3. brought up 4. in rags 5. Go ahead
6. were about to 7. take a chance 8. In time 9. accounts for 10. on the contrary
11. stare at 12. As for
能力题
一. 单句改错
1. harm改为harmful 2. puzzling改为puzzled 3. for改为to 4.去掉had 5. gentle改为gently 6. of改为from 7. which改为what 8. has改为had 9. of改为from 10. him改为it
二．同义句转换。
1. It is known to us that; does harm to your health.
2. To be honest
3. your calling
4. makes it possible
5. take a chance
三．补全句子
1. What we can’t get
2. It is not clear whether
3. a meeting is to be held
4. makes it a rule to go for a walk
5. it was my turn
6. twice as much as
7. hungry and tired
8. as rich and full a life as
提升题
一. 阅读理解
第一节：
语篇解读：短文介绍作者一家人在雪地里度过假期，以及雪地里发生的有趣的事。
1.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I love nature, but that doesn’t include mice. I loudly protested the invader”可知，作者由于看到“老鼠”而呼救，丈夫过来救他。故选A。
2.D推理判断题。根据文中“You have to understand Bernie can be quite a joker,”可知作者觉得丈夫很滑稽，所以她怀疑丈夫的话。故选D。
3.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We relished the rest of our winter vacation”可知，他们享受着剩余的假期。故选A。
4.C主旨大意题。根据短文介绍作者一家人在雪地里度过假期，以及雪地里发生的有趣的事。故选C。
第二节：
语篇解读：假期很重要，我们要从工作中解脱出来，让自己放松。
1．E 根据空格处的上句“我们需要时间从工作中解脱出来，让自己放松，仅仅做自己”与下文的“我们应该允许自己暂时把工作放在脑后”可知，选E。E项“生活不全都是工作，至少不应该是这样”起承上启下的作用。
2．A 根据空格处的上句“工作压力日益增加”与下文的“这些问题包括疾病、抑郁甚至死亡”可知，选A。A项“随之而来的是很多健康问题”衔接上下文。
3．G 根据空格后的“I will sleep late ... ignoring calorie counting.”可知，应选G“在接下来的假期中，我要做所有我喜欢的事情”。
4．C 根据空格后的“按自己想要的方式度过接下来的假期”可知，选C“我强烈建议你也做同样的事情”。
5. F 根据空格处的上句“提醒自己你是独一无二的”和下句“你只需问问自己想要做什么”可知，选F“只有自己知道自己想要什么样的度假方式”。
二. 语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了发型师Mark Bustos通过给无家可归的人理发来改变他们的外貌，从而使他们增加自信心、努力改变生活的故事。
1．by 根据语境可知，发型师通过给无家可归的人理发，试图给他们的生活带来小小的变化。by＋v. ing意为“通过……”，作方式状语。故填by。
2．whether/if 根据语境可知，Mark周一至周五在高级美发厅上班，每个周日就在市区到处走走，问人们是否需要理发。whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故填whether/if。
3．the the same意为“同样的”，为固定用法。故填定冠词the。
4．themselves 根据语境可知，此处指自己负担不起理发费用的人，因此应用所给词的反身代词。故填themselves。
5．taking instead of意为“而不是”，其后接动名词形式，作“of”的宾语。故填taking。
6．rented 根据“and”连接并列成分可知，此处应与其他两个谓语动词“found”和“quit”时态一致，应用一般过去时。故填rented。
7．Simply 空格处修饰分词短语“changing how a person looks”，应用副词。故填Simply。
8．confidence 此处指改变发型能让他们信心大增，介词“in”后应接名词形式。故填confidence。
9．to give 此处应用动词不定式作“many ways”的后置定语。故填to give。
10．personal 此处修饰名词“abilities”，应用所给词的形容词形式作定语。故填personal。
三. 短文改错
第一句：much→more
第二句：when→that
第三句：found→founded
第四句：got→get
第五句：holding→held
第六句：diversely→diverse
第七句：去掉第二个as; word→words
第八句：a→the
第十句：to后加your
四．书面表达
参考范文：
Dear Li Ming，
I hear that you have won the first prize in the English Recitation Contest for middle school students, so I am writing to give congratulations to you from the bottom of my heart.
As your best friend, I am proud of you! I know you always have been hard working. Your efforts pay off at last. Your pronunciation and fluent English, especially your beautiful voice, left me a deep impression. I hope that I can be successful like you one day. So could you share with me how you improve your English? Your experience will be of great help to me in my learning.
I will appreciate it if you can write me back and give me your advice. Look forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
Unit 4
Astronomy: The Science of the stars
同步练习
A
Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars, and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.
The first caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven mysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be opening into natural caves below the Martian surface.
“If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance you’d find it in caves, ” said Jut Wynne, one of the researchers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.
Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.
One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(红外线成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out.
“Wow, that’s a cave” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.”
He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt or life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked(充满辐射的), dry surface.
“Tiny drops of water could collect inside, ” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria. A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”
The caves probably formed when tube shaped lava flows(管状岩浆流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining lava to flow out, forming caves.
1. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How the caves were formed on Mars.
B．How scientists found these caves in Mars.
C．Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign of life.
D．Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.
2. We can learn from the passage that______.
A．water has already been found on Mars B．the scientists found all the caves at night
C．it is certain that there is life in these caves D．the surface of Mars is latterly cold, radiation-soaked and dry
3. Necessary condition for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include______.
A．lava and energy B．water and radiation from space
C．gases and lava D．water and protection from radiation
B
All people on the earth share one home: our planet, circling the sun in the huge blue darkness of space.
All living things on the earth--varieties of plants and animals and human beings that grow and reproduce themselves and die--depend on the earth’s surroundings to strengthen them. They are--we are--part of the great net of life that has existed for millions of years, and will keep on existing for as long as the earth can support it. Therefore, we should "Think Globally, Act Locally".
Thinking globally means realizing the earth’s big problem--understanding that they’re connected, that they are affected by politics, population and poverty. It is just like looking at a whole forest and seeing beyond the beauty of the trees. It means thinking about the forest’s history, its wildlife, the resources it provides, the people it supports.
When you start thinking globally, it’s easier to see how acting locally fits in. Acting locally is planting one small tree, and caring for it, and then planting another one, too--maybe getting everyone in your town to plant trees. It means doing what you can, where you are, to help the surroundings.
The earth is always changing. Storms and fires, winds, earthquakes and floods change the land, the seas, the weather around them. Over long periods of time these natural changes have affected all life on the earth.
Today people are changing the earth faster than any force of nature. There are so many of us--more than five billion now, and thousands more are being born every hour. Each of these human beings needs food, clothing and house. But we have learned how to manage the earth’s resources so that everyone can have these basic things.
But we are also learning to save it.
Around the world, people are realizing the need to stop destroying the surroundings and start protecting it now, before it is too late. People are beginning to understand the connections between their own needs and wants and health of the whole planet. They are learning how to save the earth.
4. According to the text, if the earth could talk, what might she say to people?
A. Look, how great I am.
B. I am your father. You must love me.
C. I am so beautiful that you must love me.
D. Please stop destroying me if you want to have a better life.
5. When he says, "Think Globally, Act Locally”, the writer hopes that ______.
A. we will plant more trees on the earth
B. we will settle the serious problems on the earth
C. we should control the population
D. each of us will do our duty to protect the whole earth
6. Now on the earth people are trying to learn how to ______without using up the earth’s resources.
A. control their actions B. limit their extra needs
C. share the energy equally D. stop destroying the earth
7. The purpose of writing this text is______.
A. to advise us to save the earth
B. to declare the serious situation of the earth
C. to understand the earth has been destroyed
D. to suggest that all people should share one home--the earth
C
The earth is the only planet that scientists are certain has life. What does the earth have that the other planets don’t? For one thing, the earth has just the right temperature. As the third planet from the sun, the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets that are closer to the sun are so hot that their surfaces bake in the sun. The farthest planets are cold balls.
When the earth developed—which scientists believe may have happened about billions of years ago—many gases covered the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.
Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth. That planet is Mars. Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. But it is not too cold for humans. On some days, the temperatures are as cold as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special space suit, you could walk around on Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe, though. The air on Mars is too thin to breathe.
Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected sight on Mars is dried-up river beds. Scientists believe that Mars was once much wetter than it is now. Does this mean there could have been living things on Mars? Scientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far.
8. It is the ________on the earth that makes life possible.
A. temperature B. water
C. oxygen D. temperature, water and oxygen
9. The underlined phrase “the third planet” means “______”.
A. the sun B. the earth
C. the moon D. Mars
10. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The earth has a history of about 4 million years.
B. There is no air on Mars.
C. The largest volcano on Mars is over three times higher than the highest one on the earth.
D. Scientists believe there are living things on Mars.
11. The best title of the passage should be_____.
A. Living Things on Our Earth B. The Moon
C. Living Things on the Moon D. Mars Is Most Like the Earth
D
In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of comet(彗星). When the fragments(碎片) landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientist here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the earth. The news has caused panic.
On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The waves moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.
Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the earth. The dinosaurs(恐龙)were on the earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believed that the earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?
12. Which of the following in NOT true according to the author’s description of the disaster in
2094?
A. The whole world becomes extremely cold.
B. All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.
C. The whole mankind becomes extinct.
D. The visit of the comet results in war.
13. Why does the author mention dinosaur at the end of the passage?
A. Because they could only live in the warm climate.
B. Because they once dominated the earth.
C. Because their extinction indicates future disasters.
D. Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age
14. In writing the passage, the author intends to ____.
A. give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future
B. prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed
C. tell the historical development of the earth
D. warn of a possible disaster in the future
15. It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) ____.
A. horror story B. news report
C. research paper D. article of popular science
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to protect your ears
You and your friends are leaving a concert on a Friday night. When you get outside, your ears are ringing. You have to shout to be heard. 16 So no harm done…right?
Not quite. Temporary buzzing may be easy to ignore, but repeated exposure to loud noise will eventually cause serious--- and irreversible(无法治愈的)--- hearing loss. A new study conducted by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston shows that one in five people between the ages of 12 and 19 are experiencing slight hearing loss, and one in 20 have mild hearing loss. 17
But the good news is that there are plenty of ways you can protect your ears from further damage — and still listen to the music you love:
Ask around. Put your earbuds in or your headphones on, and then ask a friend next to you whether or not he or she can hear what you’re listening to. 18 Turn it down.
Buy noise-canceling headphones. A pair of earbuds or headphones that fits comfortably will limit outside noise so that you can hear your music better at lower volumes.
Take breaks. 19 So when listening to music, take your headphones off for 15 or 20 minutes and let your ears enjoy the quiet.
20 You can buy a cheap pair at any drugstore as an easy way to lower volume at concerts — or while playing or practicing your own music — without changing the quality of the sound.
A. Use earplugs.
B. Keep the volume below 70 percent.
C. If the answer is yes, your music is too loud.
D. Like every other part of your body, your ears need rest.
E. But by morning, your hearing is totally back to normal.
F. Unfortunately, there’s no way to get back hearing you’ve already lost.
G.. The exposure to noise is louder and longer than in any previous generation.
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Once upon a time, there was a forest where all the animals lived happily together. One day a __21__ went to spend the day in the countryside, and one little boy _22__ his socks there. Soon after the family left, a bear came by, __23__ the socks, and decided to try them on. They fit so well, and he __24__ them so much that he wouldn’t take them off.
All the animals __25__ the bear’s new look, and some of them __26__ him for getting so much attention. Before long, in that forest, there began __27__ squirrels (松鼠) in shirts, rabbits in boots (靴子), and __28__ rats wearing hats!
The forest doctor would __29__ his head, telling animals, “This can’t be good. Animals don’t wear clothes; we don’t __30__ them.”
But no one listened to him. They said he was just out of __31__, and didn’t know what was popular.
However, it wasn’t long before the first __32__ of fashion-fever came. Several times the squirrel caught his shirt on trees, _33__ him in mid-jump and sending him falling to the ground from a great height. The rat couldn’t fit into his __34__ without first taking his hat off. Even the bear, __35__ his socks, slipped (滑倒) from one of the river rocks and almost __36__ himself.
When the animals came to see the doctor, he gave them all the __37__ advice, “Take off those clothes __38__ one day they’re going to kill you.”
Those who listened to the doctor’s advice stopped having __39__.And the animals realized that they didn’t need clothes at all. Starting to wear them had been very __40__, and they had only done it to make others admire them, and to get attention.
21．A. boy B．team
C．class D．family
22．A. made B．left
C．repaired D．changed
23．A. wore B．knew
C．found D．threw
24．A. missed B．hated
C．liked D．gave
25．A. talked about B．worried about
C．thought of D．dreamed of
26．A. admired B．excused
C．comforted D．remembered
27．A. developing B．appearing
C．showing D．lying
28．A. later B．again
C．only D．even
29．A. hit B．nod
C．shake D．raise
30．A. collect B．need
C．own D．use
31．A. time B．memory
C．fashion D．business
32．A. news B．chances
C．results D．examples
33．A. landing B．stopping
C．following D．imagining
34．A. hole B．shirt
C．group D．neighborhood
35．A. besides B．including
C．according to D．thanks to
36．A. controlled B．lost
C．proved D．killed
37．A. main B．same
C．right D．general
38．A. until B．unless
C．before D．because
39．A. accidents B．mistakes
C．deaths D．falls
40．A. easy B．silly
C．strange D．dangerous
阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Paul Lucas can often be seen walking around the city of San Francisco. Sometimes people are surprised to see him walking ___41___ any shoes or socks, ___42___ Lucas doesn’t mind at all. ___43___ likes to walk barefoot(赤脚), and so do 640 other members of Dirty Sole Society, the club that Lucas ___44___ (start) years ago. Lucas’ idea for this is to encourage others to live ___45___ (free) － free of shoes.
According to Lucas, the barefoot life has many advantages. ___46___ most important is simply that it feels good. He also says ___47___ walking barefoot allows you to experience the world directly by touching it with your feet. In addition, the feet do not smell so much __48___ they stay dry, ___49___ (make) it hard for bacteria (细菌)to grow. And, of course, walking barefoot keeps your feet in good shape, so it’s actually ___50___ (healthy) than wearing shoes.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌中间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：把缺词处叫个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full－time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest. At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day!” Mom was grateful and moving.
假如你是南京四中的学生会主席。为了普及科学知识、了解宇宙的奥秘, 你校将举办一次科学报告会。现请你以学生会的名义写一份80词左右的英文书面通知。
内容：
1．时间：下周六上午8：00～10：00;
2．地点：学校图书馆二楼报告厅;
3．主讲人：天文专家、南京大学吴教授;
4．主要活动：前一个半小时做主题为UFO(不明飞行物)的报告, 后半个小时答疑, 然后签名售书;
5．参会要求：注意不要大声喧哗, 不要乱扔垃圾。
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参考答案
A篇【语篇解读】火星上发现了洞穴, 探究这些洞的作用——为生命提供保护。
1. C。主旨大意题。文章首先告诉了我们一个大的发现——火星上存在洞。接下来又讲述了这些洞的作用——为生命提供保护。综合全文可得出结论。
2. D。推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段得知“这些洞将是寻找生命极好的地方, 这里可以摆脱极冷的、充满辐射的、干燥的表面”从而可以得出答案。
3. D。推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“小水滴可以在里面收集, ……, 洞可以避免辐射, ……”得出D项正确。
B篇【语篇解读】通过描述我们的生存环境——地球所面临的严重问题, 作者呼吁人们采取行动拯救地球。
4．D．推理判断题。纵观全文, 地球正面临着严重的破坏, 人们想更好地生活, 必须停止破坏地球, 并采取措施保护地球。
5．D．细节理解题。文章第三、四两段对“Think Globally, Act Locally”作了具体的解释。即每个人都有责任和义务为保护地球尽一份职责。
6．B。推理判断题。答案出自第六段的“Each of these human being needs food, clothing and house．But we have learnt how to manage the earth’s resources so that everyone can have these basic things．”。
7．A。主旨大意题。通过描述我们的生存环境——地球所面临的严重问题, 作者呼吁人们采取行动拯救地球。
C篇【语篇解读】通过火星和地球的比较, 地球之所以适合人生存的原因, 探究火星是否适合人类生存。
8. D。细节理解题。文章第一段和第二段提到了温度、水和氧气对人类生存的必要性, 故选D。9. B。词义猜测题。根据短语所在句子可以看出“the third planet”指的是“the earth”。
10. C。由文章最后一段前三句可知C正确。
11. D。主旨大意题。文章前两段讲了地球之所以适合人生存的原因, 后两段讲了火星上的一些情况, 故D项适合作标题。
D篇【语篇解读】作者讲述了2094年彗星碎片撞击地球后可能产生的灾难, 其目的是警告人们在地球的未来可能会发生灾难。
12. C。正误判断题。在倒数第二段中作者写道“A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.”说明人类文明灭绝了, 而不是人类灭绝了。
13. C。主旨推断题。为了证明这种灾难发生的可能性, 作者列举了恐龙的例子。曾经在地球上生活了1亿6千万年, 但是在6千5百万年前突然消失, 以此证明未来地球上可能发生灾难。
14. D。主旨推断题。在这篇短文中, 作者讲述了2094年彗星碎片撞击地球后可能产生的灾难, 其目的是警告人们在地球的未来可能会发生灾难。
15. D。推理判断题。根据短文讲述的内容可以判断, 这是一篇科幻小说, 所以它可能是某篇科普文章的一部分。
【篇章解读】本文讲述听力损害是无法治愈的, 研究表明当前12到19岁人群中五分之一的人听力受损现象严重。针对此现象本文提出了四大保护耳朵免受更深远损害的方法。
16. E。根据前后句You have to shout to be heard. 1 So no harm done…right你必须大叫才能听见, 因此没有伤害了吗, 可知空格表达的是耳朵又好了, 即到了早上你的耳朵又正常了, 故选E
17. F。根据后一句But the good news is that there are plenty of ways you can protect your ears from further damage好消息是有很多方法保护你的耳朵免受更多伤害, 可知上句是说没有方法使你恢复你丢失的听力, 故选F。
18. C。根据后句Turn it down, 关小音量, 可知表达的应是你的音乐声音太大, 故选C。
39. D。根据标题Take breaks休息一下, 可知这一段是讲耳朵也需要休息, 故选D。
20. A。根据后句You can buy a cheap pair at any drugstore as an easy way to lower volume at concerts 你能在药店买一对来降低音量, 可知此处是讲使用耳塞, 故选A。
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。从前, 在一个森林里, 为了引起其他动物的注意, 很多动物都纷纷开始穿戴衣服鞋帽, 结果如何呢？
21．D根据下文的Soon after the family left可知答案。
22. B根据下文的decided to try them on可知, 他们在郊外玩, 可一个小男孩把他的袜子“落(left)”在那儿了。
23. C 一只熊路过那儿, “发现了(found)”小男孩的袜子。
24. C 根据前面的fit so well以及后面的wouldn’t take them off可知, 这只熊很“喜欢(liked)”小男孩的袜子, 穿上就不想脱了。
25. A 参见下题解析。
26.A 根据后面的getting so much attention可知, 森林里所有的动物都在“谈论(talked about)”这只熊的新造型, 有的还很“羡慕(admired)”他可以得到那么多关注。
27.B 参见下题解析。
28. D 没过多久, 森林里就开始“出现(appearing)”穿着衬衫的松鼠, 穿着靴子的兔子, “甚至(even)”还有戴着帽子的老鼠。
29. C 根据下文的This can’t be good可知, 森林医生“摇摇(shake)”头, 觉得那样不好。
30. B 根据前面的Animals don’t wear clothes和最后一段的they didn’t need clothes at all可知, 动物本就不穿衣服, 他们根本不“需要(need)”衣服。
31. C 根据后面的didn’t know what was popular可知, 森林里的动物不认同医生的看法, 觉得他不懂“时尚(fashion)”, 根本不知道当下流行什么。
32. C 根据下文所举的动物们遇到麻烦的例子可知, 没过多久, 他们所热衷的时尚就产生了一些“后果(results)”。
33. B 根据caught his shirt on trees以及sending him falling to the ground可知, 松鼠的衬衫几次被树挂住, “阻碍(stopping)”了他的跳跃。
34. A 老鼠不摘掉帽子就进不了“洞(hole)”。
35. D 这只熊也是“因为(thanks to)”穿了袜子才滑倒的。
36. D根据下文的they’re going to kill you可知答案。
37. B 根据Take off those clothes可知, 医生还是给出“同样的(same)”建议, 动物不需要穿衣。
38. D Take off those clothes与one day they’re going to kill you之间存在因果关系。
39. A 上文中提到的被树挂住衬衫从高处摔下以及穿着袜子滑倒等都属于“意外事故(accidents)”, 那些听了医生建议的动物就不再发生类似的意外了。
40. B 根据上文的realized that they didn’t need clothes at all可知, 现在动物们才意识到他们根本不需要衣服, 一开始穿衣服是很“愚蠢的(silly)”。
【语篇大意】Paul Lucas通过自身体验, 提倡“赤足生活”。
41. without 通过下文中的barefoot可知道应该是没有穿鞋子。
42. but/which 空前与空后两句话的逻辑关系通过语意可以知道, 表示转折; 或者是非限制性定语从句, 对主句进行解释。
43. He 句子缺少主语, 可根据上下文确定动作的发出者。
44. started 考查时态问题, 后面的years ago明确时间是过去, 因此使用一般过去时态。
45. freely 考查词性的变化 此处修饰live, 因此使用副词形式freely。
46. The 形容词副词的最高级前面应加定冠词the。
47. that 此处考查宾语从句, 根据语意可判断此处的连词无需词义, 因此填that。
48. because 考查上下句的逻辑关系为因果关系。
49. making 考查非谓语动词, 此处的make与前句的关系为主动关系, 因此使用现在分词。
50. healthier 后面的than表明此处的形容词使用比较级结构。
It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a
full－time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I
but housework and
planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the
got
house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I
去掉on his
asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in ^kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were
^the which/that, 去掉which
Mom’s favoritest. At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day!” Mom was grateful and
favorite
moving.
moved
【参考范文】
Notice
Do you hope to learn more about science or the secret of the universe？Then you can attend a science report by Professor Wu, who is an expert at astronomy from Nanjing University. The report is going to be given in the lecture hall on the second floor of our school library from 8：00 to 10：00 a．m. next Saturday. You will be able to learn about the latest developments about the research on UFOs around the world from 8：00 to 9：30 am. You are encouraged to ask any questions about science in the last thirty minutes. At the end of the report, you can buy books written by Professor Wu that he has signed. Don’t make noise and don’t litter.
Students’ Union
Nov. 9th, 2016
