中考英语二轮语法专项系列导学案8： 副词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考英语二轮语法专项系列导学案8：
专题8: 副词

命题趋势：
在各地历年中考试题中，副词是必设考点，分值多在9～10分左右，考试命题形式多种多样，涉及单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写或语篇型词汇运用题等诸多题型。其中，对形容词与副词句法功能的辨析、易混副词词义辨析及比较等级的准确运用的考查是重点。

二、考点梳理：
1.怎样理解副词？（副词的概念）
副词，英文名称adverb，即：前缀ad+词根verb，其中，词根ad源于单词add，添加，verb为动词，所以副词adverb就是附加在动词上，主要用来修饰动词，表示动作的某些特征的，如动作发生的时间、地点、频率、程度、原因等。
副词可在句中用作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语，大部分副词都有三级变化。
2.副词的分类
副词数量众多、分类庞杂，常见的副词见下表：
时间副词 yesterday,today,tomorrow,now,then,ago,before,soon.yet,already,early,still
地点副词 here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, abroad, somewhere, outside, inside
方式副词 quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast, again
程度副词 very, quite, rather, too, much, so
频度副词 always, usually, often, hardly, sometimes, never
疑问副词 when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far
关系副词 When, where, why(关系副词常用来引导定语从句)


考点1：副词的句法功能
1. 副词主要用来修饰谓语动词，作状语，表明动作的发生时间、地点、方式、频率等，是动词的修饰性成分。
⑴ I’ll meet Kate at the bus station tomorrow.
明天我要去车站接Kate。(时间副词作状语,表明动作的发生时间)
温馨提示：
时间副词一般放于句末，审题时务必注意句尾的时间状语；
时间副词是决定动词时态的重要标志，请务必熟记各种时态所对应的时间副词。
试比较：
① I ______ (do) some cleaning yesterday.
② I ______ (do) some cleaning now.
③ I ______ (do) some cleaning tomorrow.
⑵ She will play tennis with Lucy there.
她要和Lucy在那儿打网球。(地点副词作状语,表明动作的发生地点)
⑶ The girl did the homework quickly. 这个女孩作业写得很快。(方式副词/作状语)
方式副词大多由形容词+ly构成；
温馨提示：
地点副词、时间副词和方式副词常放于句尾，在句中出现的顺序通常是:方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。
例如: The students are doing the experiments carefully in the lab now.
Many people take exercise happily on the square every evening.
⑷ 程度副词修饰动词时，一般放在be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词之后。
I really like the boy. 我相当喜欢这个男孩儿。
She can hardly understand you.她几乎听不明白你的话。
It is nearly two o’clock now. 现在接近两点了。
温馨提示：（常见错误解析）
副词very只能修饰形容词或其他副词，不能修饰动词。
I very like the school. （错误） I like the school very much.（正确）
2.副词还可以修饰形容词或其他副词，表程度，一般放在所修饰词的前面，但enough除外。
⑴ It’s rather/ very/pretty easy, and I can do it.这很容易，我能做到。（程度副词修饰形容词）
温馨提示：
只有enough除外，放在所修饰形容词或副词的后面。
巧记enough的位置口诀：
① 出名在前：enough作形容词修饰名词时，放在所修饰的名词之前；
② 幸福（形副）在后：enough作副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，放在形容词或副词之后；
⑵ He did the job quite well. 这份工作他做的相当好。（程度副词修饰副词well）
She studies much better now.
温馨提示：
有些程度副词可以修饰形容词或副词的原级，有些程度副词可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
① 表示绝对概念的副词very/so/too/quite/enough等可用来形容词或副词修饰原级；
② 表程度的副词 a little/a bit/a few/a lot/much/even/still/far/ rather可修饰形容词或副词比较级。
??????????????????????????????????范例解读??????????????????????????????????
1. I work hard this term, but Tom works much _____.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
答案：B
解析：这个学期我工作很努力，但Tom比我努力的多了。much用来修饰比较级。
2. Guo Yue did quite _____ at the World Table Tennis Championship, but Zhang Yining did even ______.
A. better; well B. well; well C. well; better D. better; better
答案：C
解析：在世锦赛上，郭跃表现的相当好，但张怡宁打得更好。quite修饰原级，even修饰比较级。
3. 副词还可以用来修饰整个句子。
Unluckily，she wasn’t at home. 很不巧，他出去了。（修饰整个句子）
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. The _____ instructions on medicine are necessary for the sick. They explain _______ whether the medicine is out of date．
A. clearly; clear B. clear; clearly C. clear; clear D. clearly; clearly
2. The students arrived at the top of the mountain ________ three hours later.
A. succeed B. success C. successful D. successfully
3. ---The fish tastes _______. We have eaten it up.
---It is certain that she cooked it ________.
A. good; well B. well: good C. well; well D. good; good

?考点2：副词的词义辨析
副词的词义辨析题是历次考试的必考点，常在单项选择和完形填空题中设置对话语境，考查形似或意思相近的形容词的辨析，解答时我们要读懂题意，了解相关形容词表达的具体含义。记忆单词时，要做到音形义相结合。
??????????????????????????????????范例解读??????????????????????????????????
1. --- I think winter is a beautiful season _____when it snows.
--- Me, too.
A. specially B. especially C. probably D. mostly
答案：B
解读：考查副词词义辨析。根据句意得知，冬天是一个漂亮的季节，尤其是下雪的时候。especially意为：尤其、特别，起突出强调作用。
2. ---Excuse me, would you please speak a little more ____? -Sorry, I thought you could follow me.
A. sadly B. quickly C. slowly D. Politely
答案：C
解读：考查副词词义辨析。根据句意可知，对方应该是因为“我”说的太快而跟不上；A.伤心地 B.快速地 D.礼貌地；故选C。
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. Alice explains things very well. What she says can be understood _________.
A. quietly B. carefully C. slowly D. clearly
2. When he heard a cry for help, he ran out as ______ as he could.
A. hardly B. quickly C. finally D. slowly
3. The bag that my grandpa made for me ______ gets out of style, but it is still the best thing in my mind.
A. usually B. normally C. gradually D. specially
4. In China it is a custom to give young kids lucky money, _________ during the Spring Festival.
A. finally B. luckily C. simply D. especially
5. As we all know, smoking is bad for us, _______ children.
A. especially B. recently C. probably D. nearly

考点3: 副词比较等级的运用
1. 副词比较级与最高级的构成规则
副词比较级与最高级的构成规则与形容词比较级与最高级的构成规则基本相同，可参考专题7形容词比较等级的变化方法。
以形容词+ly构成的副词，其比较级与最高级的构成在前面加more与most，badly除外。


不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
well better best
much more most
badly worse worst
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest


2. AB两者相比较，A不如B，可以表达为：
（1）原级句型：A+谓语动词(含not)+as/so+副词原级+as+ B。
（2）比较级句型：A+谓语动词+less+副词原级（降级比较）+than+B.
例如：凯特做作业不如汤姆认真。
Kate didn’t do her homework as carefully as Tom.
Kate did her homework less carefully than Tom.
3. 形容词最高级前面需加定冠词the，但副词最高级前的the可加可不加。如：

??????????????????????????????????范例解读??????????????????????????????????
1. Please read every sentences _________. The more ________ you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
A. carefully; careful B. careful; careful C. careful; carefully
答案：A
解读：考查副词的用法和形容词的比较级句型。Read为行为动词，应该用方式副词carefully来修饰。你很仔细应该用形容词careful作表语，说明主语you的性格特征。
2. ---Did Kate do best in the final exam?
---No, but of all the students she did ________.
A. the most careful B. more careful C. most carefully D. more carefully
答案：C
解读：根据句意得知，Kate在所有的学生中做的最仔细。Did为行为动词，应该选择副词修饰；of all the students表比较范围，应该用最高级。
??????????????????????????????????学以致用??????????????????????????????????
1. Jack is good at drawing. I think no one draws _______.
A. better B. best C. worse D. worst
2. ---We’re doing a lot to protect our environment, but it is not good enough.
---So we should try ______ to look after it
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. hardly
3. ---Steve is good at writing short stories
---So he is. But he writes ______ than us. So he can't get good grades in writing.
A. most carefully B. more carefully C. less carefully D. least carefully
4. In the piano contest, my brother didn’t play well and I did _________.
A. very well B. much better C. very good D. even worse
5. Of all the teams in NBA, I think the Los Angeles Lakers played ______ this year.
A. most successfully B. the more successfully C. very successfully D. much more successfully

三、真题感悟练：
1. ---Mum, your home-made noodles are really the most delicious food in the world
---Thank you, son! You can enjoy it before I grow ______ old to make it.
A. too B. so C. very D. rather
2. ---Miss Green is very popular with kids.
---Yes. She ______ tells interesting stories and sings songs to them.
A. seldom B. never C. sometimes D. always
3. ---What are you busy with these days?
---I ______study for the coming English test. You know, I’m not good at English.
A. hardly B. mainly C. nearly D. exactly
4. ---It’s said that David had a car accident.
---That’s true _____, there was nothing serious with him.
A. Truly B. Luckily C. Happily D. Specially
5. ---Steve is good at writing short stories
---So he is. And he writes ____ than us. So he can always get good grades in writing
A. most carefully B. more carefully C. less carefully D. least carefully
6. He said he would come to see us _________ next afternoon.
A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times
7. ---Jim, is your brother in?
---No, he is reading in the library at the moment
A right away B. at times C. right now D. at once
8. ---_______ have you been away from your hometown?
---Since 5 years ago.
A. how many B. How long C. How much D. How often
9. Mrs. Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people _______.
A. friendly B. lovely C. happily D. lively
10. If you don’t work ______ enough. I don't think your dream will come _________.
A hardly; truly B. hardly; true C. hard; true D. hard; truly
参考答案：
考点1:
试比较：① did；② are doing；③ will do
1. B 2. B 3. A
考点2: 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
考点3: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
真题提升练：
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C


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