外研版选修八Module 2 The Renaissance - Grammar课件（35张ppt）
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| 名称 | 外研版选修八Module 2 The Renaissance - Grammar课件（35张ppt） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-07-21 10:17:02 | ||
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课件35张PPT。一二三一、翻译下列句子,并指出其中的非谓语成分
1.They had started to dig out the ancient city of Pompeii.
答案他们开始挖掘庞贝古城。不定式短语作宾语(to dig out...)。
2.His wish is to catch up with his classmates in a month.
答案他的愿望是在一个月内赶上他的同学们。不定式短语作表语(to catch up with...)。
3.Most of the people invited to the party were famous film stars.
答案大多数被邀请参加晚会的人都是著名的电影明星。过去分词短语作定语(invited to...)。一二三4.There has been some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China.
答案中国在拯救濒临灭绝的野生动物方面有一些进展。动词-ing短语作介词宾语(saving endangered wildlife)。
5.Having finished my homework,I went to bed.
答案完成了作业,我上床睡觉了。动词-ing短语作时间状语(Having finished my homework)。一二三二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.I like (swim),but I don’t like (swim) today because I don’t feel well.?
2.We can see that he was (astonish) when he heard the news.?
3. (write) in simple English,the book is easy to read.?
4. (walk) out of the room,he found the boy still there.?
5.I hoped (meet) you at the airport yesterday,but I was too busy.?
6.We found dozens of trees (lie) across the road.?
7.Only wealthy people could afford (treat) with it in the old society.?swimmingto swim astonished Written Walking to have met lying to be treated 一二三三、改正下列句中非谓语动词方面的错误
1.The retire teacher worked in this school for 30 years.
?
2.The problem being discussed at yesterday’s meeting is of little importance.
?
3.Do you know anything about the accident happened yesterday?
?retire→retired being discussed→discussed happened→which/that happened 一二三4.Seeing from the hill,the town looks very beautiful.
?
5.To be led by the Party,we have won one victory after another.
?
6.I regret having not written to you earlier.Seeing→Seen To be led→Led having not→not having 121.Grammar Review of non-finite verbs
★考点一:动词不定式
As a student,I found it an honour to be invited to make a speech.
作为一个学生,被邀请做演讲我感到很荣幸。
考点延伸
(1)不定式在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其他任何成分,包括主语、表语、定语或状语等。作主语或宾语时,常用 it 作形式主语或宾语。12阅读下列句子,判断不定式在句中所作的成分。
①To help each other is good.
互相帮助是好的。
所作成分: ?
②Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.
我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。
所作成分: ?主语 表语 12③Is this the best way to help him?
这是帮助他的最好方法吗?
所作成分: ?
④I stayed there to see what would happen.
我留在那里看看会发生什么事。
所作成分: ?定语 状语 12(2)不定式在句中时态和语态的变化
①He was very glad to be told that his mother would take him to the countryside.
被告知妈妈要带他去乡下,他很高兴。
②She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
我进来的时候她正在屋里写信。
③The book is said to have been translated into three languages.
据说这本书已被翻译成了三种语言。12(3)疑问词 + 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
怎么阻止他们在河里游泳是个问题。
(4)动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由“not + 动词不定式”构成。
They decided not to go.
他们决定不去了。121212★考点二:动词-ing形式
The car being washed was my brother’s.
正在被洗的车是我弟弟的。
考点延伸
(1)动词-ing形式具有名词的性质,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。作定语时往往表示某种用途。
阅读下列句子,判断动词-ing形式在句中所作的成分。
①Reading aloud is very helpful.
大声朗读是很有好处的。
所作成分: ?
②In the ant city,the queen’s job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
所作成分: ?主语 表语 12③We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
所作成分: ?
④Is there a swimming pool in your school?
你们学校有游泳池吗?
所作成分: ?
⑤He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.
他待在家里,又擦又洗。
所作成分: ?宾语 定语 状语 12(2)动词-ing的各种形式:动词-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing形式还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing形式则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing的各种形式列表如下:12①The problem being discussed is very important.
正在被讨论的问题很重要。
②Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake again.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的男孩又犯了同一个错误。
(3)动词-ing的否定形式:not+动词-ing形式
I regret not following his advice.
我后悔没听他的劝告。1212(4) (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.?
(5) (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.?
(6)There is a note pinned to the door (say) when the shop will open again.?
(7)It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like (go) for a swim??
答案(1)watching (2)being recognized (3)carrying (4)Having spent (5)Understanding (6)saying (7)going12★考点三:过去分词
Seen from this angle,the woman in the picture is smiling.
从这个角度来看,画中的女子在微笑。
考点延伸
(1)及物动词的过去分词既表示被动,又表示完成。不及物动词的过去分词表示动作的完成。过去分词可作定语、状语、宾语补足语等。12阅读下列句子,判断动词过去分词在句中所作的成分。
①Our class went on an organised trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
所作成分: ?
②They were frightened at the sad sight.
他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
所作成分: ?
③I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
所作成分: ?
④Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。
所作成分: ?定语 表语 宾语补足语 状语 12(2)过去分词的否定形式:not +done
Not written interestingly,the book doesn’t sell well.
这本书写得没意思,因而销售不畅。12122.各类非谓语动词的区别和用法
★考点一:动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作主语时的常见用法。
考点延伸
(1)动词-ing 形式作主语通常表示抽象的、一般性的动作;而不定式作主语通常表示某次具体的动作。
①Smoking is prohibited(禁止) here.
这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
②It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)12(2)常使用形式主语it。
常用句型:
It is no use(good,fun,a waste of time...)+doing sth.
It is necessary(possible,easy,a pity,a pleasure...)for sb.to do sth.
It is kind(nice,foolish...)of sb.to do sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.
①It is no use crying.
哭是没有用的。
②It was foolish of you to drop out of school.
你退学真是傻。
③It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
我只用了5分钟就完成了那项工作。12★考点二:动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式相当于形容词时的用法。
考点延伸
(1)动词-ing形式作表语,表示主语的内容。不定式作表语,解释或说明主语的内容,主语多为plan,aim,wish,promise等,也可以表示将来时态或某种语气(命令、愤慨、责备等)。
①Her job is teaching.
她的职业是教书。
②His plan is to stay a few days in the countryside.
他的计划是在乡下待几天。12(2)表示情感或心理活动的动词-ing形式和过去分词转化成形容词。动词-ing形式的形容词含有主动意义,表示“令人……的”;过去分词式的形容词表示人的感受,表示“(人)感到……的”。
interesting令人感兴趣的—interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的—delighted感到高兴的
(3)及物动词的-ing形式表示主动和正在进行;过去分词形式表示被动和完成。不及物动词的-ing形式表示正在进行;过去分词形式表示完成。
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子—fallen leaves 落叶
developing countries 发展中国家—developed countries 发达国家12★考点三:不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。
考点延伸
(1)不定式和动词-ing形式都可以作宾语,但需跟在特定的动词后面。不定式一般不作介词宾语;而动词-ing形式则可以作介词宾语。
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有:
agree,learn,fail,decide,plan,ask,hope,wish,expect,manage,offer,would like等。12下列动词(短语)要用动词-ing形式作宾语:
allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,be busy,insist on,practise,admit,enjoy,look forward to,deny,delay,excuse,avoid,miss,give up,finish,risk,escape,imagine,appreciate等。
①All the students were asked to complete a questionaire.
全体学生都被要求填一份调查表。
②True happiness consists in being contented with oneself.
真正的幸福在于知足。12(2)有些动词后既可接不定式作宾语,又可接动词-ing形式作宾语,词义不同。例如:remember,forget,regret,try,mean,can’t help,go on,stop等。翻译下列句子,体会黑体部分的用法。
①He forgot to turn off the light in the office.So the light was on the whole night.
翻译:?
?
②He forgot turning off the light in the office.So he went back to turn it off,only to find the light was not on.
翻译:?答案他忘记关办公室的灯了,于是灯亮了一整夜。答案他忘记已经关掉了办公室的灯,于是他回去关灯,却发现灯没亮着。12③I didn’t mean to hurt you.
翻译:?
④Missing this train means waiting for another two hours.
翻译:?
?
⑤I regret to tell you that you failed in the exam.
翻译:?
?
⑥I regret telling her the news.
翻译:?答案我不是有意要伤害你。 答案赶不上火车就意味着还要再等两个小时。 答案我很遗憾地告诉你,这次考试你没及格。 答案我后悔告诉她这个消息了。 12(3)动词-ing形式在deserve,need,require,want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动。
①Your handwriting needs improving/to be improved.
你的书写需要提高。
②Your composition requires improving/to be improved.
你的作文还要改进。★考点四:不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语的用法。
考点延伸
(1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。
①He was the last one to leave school yesterday.
昨天他是最后一个离开学校的。
②Get him something to eat.给他拿点东西吃。12(2)动词-ing形式表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含义;动词-ing形式表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或完成。
一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
①Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你想见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
②Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你想见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?12★考点五:独立主格结构
考点延伸
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构。阅读下列句子,体会非谓语在独立主格中的用法。
①Time permitting,we’ll go to have a picnic.
时间允许的话我们就去野餐。
②The moon appearing,they decided to go on with their work.
月亮出来了,他们决定继续工作。
③All the work done,they went to the square.
所有工作都做完后,他们去广场了。
④The last guest to arrive,our party will start.
最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始。1212(6)John was made (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment.?
(7)The Olympic Games,first (play) in 776 BC,didn’t include women players until 1919.?
(8)While shopping,people sometimes can’t help (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.?
(9) (lose) in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.?
(10)He still remembers (take) to Shanghai when he was very young.?
答案(1)Given (2)moving (3)taking (4)not to eat (5)asked (6)to wash (7)played (8)being persuaded (9)Lost (10)being taken
1.They had started to dig out the ancient city of Pompeii.
答案他们开始挖掘庞贝古城。不定式短语作宾语(to dig out...)。
2.His wish is to catch up with his classmates in a month.
答案他的愿望是在一个月内赶上他的同学们。不定式短语作表语(to catch up with...)。
3.Most of the people invited to the party were famous film stars.
答案大多数被邀请参加晚会的人都是著名的电影明星。过去分词短语作定语(invited to...)。一二三4.There has been some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China.
答案中国在拯救濒临灭绝的野生动物方面有一些进展。动词-ing短语作介词宾语(saving endangered wildlife)。
5.Having finished my homework,I went to bed.
答案完成了作业,我上床睡觉了。动词-ing短语作时间状语(Having finished my homework)。一二三二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.I like (swim),but I don’t like (swim) today because I don’t feel well.?
2.We can see that he was (astonish) when he heard the news.?
3. (write) in simple English,the book is easy to read.?
4. (walk) out of the room,he found the boy still there.?
5.I hoped (meet) you at the airport yesterday,but I was too busy.?
6.We found dozens of trees (lie) across the road.?
7.Only wealthy people could afford (treat) with it in the old society.?swimmingto swim astonished Written Walking to have met lying to be treated 一二三三、改正下列句中非谓语动词方面的错误
1.The retire teacher worked in this school for 30 years.
?
2.The problem being discussed at yesterday’s meeting is of little importance.
?
3.Do you know anything about the accident happened yesterday?
?retire→retired being discussed→discussed happened→which/that happened 一二三4.Seeing from the hill,the town looks very beautiful.
?
5.To be led by the Party,we have won one victory after another.
?
6.I regret having not written to you earlier.Seeing→Seen To be led→Led having not→not having 121.Grammar Review of non-finite verbs
★考点一:动词不定式
As a student,I found it an honour to be invited to make a speech.
作为一个学生,被邀请做演讲我感到很荣幸。
考点延伸
(1)不定式在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其他任何成分,包括主语、表语、定语或状语等。作主语或宾语时,常用 it 作形式主语或宾语。12阅读下列句子,判断不定式在句中所作的成分。
①To help each other is good.
互相帮助是好的。
所作成分: ?
②Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.
我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。
所作成分: ?主语 表语 12③Is this the best way to help him?
这是帮助他的最好方法吗?
所作成分: ?
④I stayed there to see what would happen.
我留在那里看看会发生什么事。
所作成分: ?定语 状语 12(2)不定式在句中时态和语态的变化
①He was very glad to be told that his mother would take him to the countryside.
被告知妈妈要带他去乡下,他很高兴。
②She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
我进来的时候她正在屋里写信。
③The book is said to have been translated into three languages.
据说这本书已被翻译成了三种语言。12(3)疑问词 + 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
怎么阻止他们在河里游泳是个问题。
(4)动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由“not + 动词不定式”构成。
They decided not to go.
他们决定不去了。121212★考点二:动词-ing形式
The car being washed was my brother’s.
正在被洗的车是我弟弟的。
考点延伸
(1)动词-ing形式具有名词的性质,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。作定语时往往表示某种用途。
阅读下列句子,判断动词-ing形式在句中所作的成分。
①Reading aloud is very helpful.
大声朗读是很有好处的。
所作成分: ?
②In the ant city,the queen’s job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
所作成分: ?主语 表语 12③We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
所作成分: ?
④Is there a swimming pool in your school?
你们学校有游泳池吗?
所作成分: ?
⑤He stayed at home,cleaning and washing.
他待在家里,又擦又洗。
所作成分: ?宾语 定语 状语 12(2)动词-ing的各种形式:动词-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing形式还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing形式则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing的各种形式列表如下:12①The problem being discussed is very important.
正在被讨论的问题很重要。
②Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake again.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的男孩又犯了同一个错误。
(3)动词-ing的否定形式:not+动词-ing形式
I regret not following his advice.
我后悔没听他的劝告。1212(4) (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.?
(5) (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.?
(6)There is a note pinned to the door (say) when the shop will open again.?
(7)It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like (go) for a swim??
答案(1)watching (2)being recognized (3)carrying (4)Having spent (5)Understanding (6)saying (7)going12★考点三:过去分词
Seen from this angle,the woman in the picture is smiling.
从这个角度来看,画中的女子在微笑。
考点延伸
(1)及物动词的过去分词既表示被动,又表示完成。不及物动词的过去分词表示动作的完成。过去分词可作定语、状语、宾语补足语等。12阅读下列句子,判断动词过去分词在句中所作的成分。
①Our class went on an organised trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
所作成分: ?
②They were frightened at the sad sight.
他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
所作成分: ?
③I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
所作成分: ?
④Praised by the neighbours,he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。
所作成分: ?定语 表语 宾语补足语 状语 12(2)过去分词的否定形式:not +done
Not written interestingly,the book doesn’t sell well.
这本书写得没意思,因而销售不畅。12122.各类非谓语动词的区别和用法
★考点一:动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作主语时的常见用法。
考点延伸
(1)动词-ing 形式作主语通常表示抽象的、一般性的动作;而不定式作主语通常表示某次具体的动作。
①Smoking is prohibited(禁止) here.
这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
②It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)12(2)常使用形式主语it。
常用句型:
It is no use(good,fun,a waste of time...)+doing sth.
It is necessary(possible,easy,a pity,a pleasure...)for sb.to do sth.
It is kind(nice,foolish...)of sb.to do sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.
①It is no use crying.
哭是没有用的。
②It was foolish of you to drop out of school.
你退学真是傻。
③It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
我只用了5分钟就完成了那项工作。12★考点二:动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式相当于形容词时的用法。
考点延伸
(1)动词-ing形式作表语,表示主语的内容。不定式作表语,解释或说明主语的内容,主语多为plan,aim,wish,promise等,也可以表示将来时态或某种语气(命令、愤慨、责备等)。
①Her job is teaching.
她的职业是教书。
②His plan is to stay a few days in the countryside.
他的计划是在乡下待几天。12(2)表示情感或心理活动的动词-ing形式和过去分词转化成形容词。动词-ing形式的形容词含有主动意义,表示“令人……的”;过去分词式的形容词表示人的感受,表示“(人)感到……的”。
interesting令人感兴趣的—interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的—delighted感到高兴的
(3)及物动词的-ing形式表示主动和正在进行;过去分词形式表示被动和完成。不及物动词的-ing形式表示正在进行;过去分词形式表示完成。
falling leaves 正在下落的叶子—fallen leaves 落叶
developing countries 发展中国家—developed countries 发达国家12★考点三:不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。
考点延伸
(1)不定式和动词-ing形式都可以作宾语,但需跟在特定的动词后面。不定式一般不作介词宾语;而动词-ing形式则可以作介词宾语。
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有:
agree,learn,fail,decide,plan,ask,hope,wish,expect,manage,offer,would like等。12下列动词(短语)要用动词-ing形式作宾语:
allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,be busy,insist on,practise,admit,enjoy,look forward to,deny,delay,excuse,avoid,miss,give up,finish,risk,escape,imagine,appreciate等。
①All the students were asked to complete a questionaire.
全体学生都被要求填一份调查表。
②True happiness consists in being contented with oneself.
真正的幸福在于知足。12(2)有些动词后既可接不定式作宾语,又可接动词-ing形式作宾语,词义不同。例如:remember,forget,regret,try,mean,can’t help,go on,stop等。翻译下列句子,体会黑体部分的用法。
①He forgot to turn off the light in the office.So the light was on the whole night.
翻译:?
?
②He forgot turning off the light in the office.So he went back to turn it off,only to find the light was not on.
翻译:?答案他忘记关办公室的灯了,于是灯亮了一整夜。答案他忘记已经关掉了办公室的灯,于是他回去关灯,却发现灯没亮着。12③I didn’t mean to hurt you.
翻译:?
④Missing this train means waiting for another two hours.
翻译:?
?
⑤I regret to tell you that you failed in the exam.
翻译:?
?
⑥I regret telling her the news.
翻译:?答案我不是有意要伤害你。 答案赶不上火车就意味着还要再等两个小时。 答案我很遗憾地告诉你,这次考试你没及格。 答案我后悔告诉她这个消息了。 12(3)动词-ing形式在deserve,need,require,want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动。
①Your handwriting needs improving/to be improved.
你的书写需要提高。
②Your composition requires improving/to be improved.
你的作文还要改进。★考点四:不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语的用法。
考点延伸
(1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。
①He was the last one to leave school yesterday.
昨天他是最后一个离开学校的。
②Get him something to eat.给他拿点东西吃。12(2)动词-ing形式表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含义;动词-ing形式表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或完成。
一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
①Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你想见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
②Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你想见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?12★考点五:独立主格结构
考点延伸
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构。阅读下列句子,体会非谓语在独立主格中的用法。
①Time permitting,we’ll go to have a picnic.
时间允许的话我们就去野餐。
②The moon appearing,they decided to go on with their work.
月亮出来了,他们决定继续工作。
③All the work done,they went to the square.
所有工作都做完后,他们去广场了。
④The last guest to arrive,our party will start.
最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始。1212(6)John was made (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment.?
(7)The Olympic Games,first (play) in 776 BC,didn’t include women players until 1919.?
(8)While shopping,people sometimes can’t help (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.?
(9) (lose) in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.?
(10)He still remembers (take) to Shanghai when he was very young.?
答案(1)Given (2)moving (3)taking (4)not to eat (5)asked (6)to wash (7)played (8)being persuaded (9)Lost (10)being taken