模块2 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained Grammar and usage(1)_ Present perfect tense 课件（71张）

课件71张PPT。译林版牛津英语模块二
Unit 1 Grammar and Usage
现在完成时和现在完成进行时

Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
现在完成进行时Grammar and Usageby Wang Hongyu1. to learn what are present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense
2. to tell the differences between the two tenses Teaching Aimshave/has + done
the Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时Part A构成：1. I _____ already ____ (see) the film. I _____ (see) it last week.
-- ____ he _________ (finish) his work today ?
-- Not yet .
-- ____ you _____(be) to Hong Kong ?
-- Yes, I __________ (be) there twice .
4. _____ the young woman ever _________(travel) to England?
5. I _____ just _____ (lose) my science book.haveseensawHasfinishedHavebeenhave beenHastravelledhavelostPractice: Shanghai _____ (be) a small town hundreds of
years ago. Now it __________ (become) a large city.
7. I _____________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
8. So far I ___________(make) quite a few friends here.
9. -- How long ______ the Wangs ______ (stay) here ?
-- For two weeks.washas becomehave workedmovedhave madehave stayedPractice: Task 1: 现在完成时现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成
的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续
到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。即
“过去+现在”　Task 2:　现在完成时的用法：

表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just, already，yet?等副词修饰。 (影响性用法/已完成用法)
注意：谓语动词常为________动词。
1). Li Ming has just turned off the light.
（说明现在灯关上了）
2). I’ve already finished my homework.
（说明可以交作业或做别的了）
3). I have lost my pen.
（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）
4). She has become a teacher.
（说明她现在仍是老师） 瞬间/短暂性
1) 她丢失了她的书.
She _____________her books.
2) 我们刚好打扫了教室。
We _________________the classroom.
3) 我还没有完成我的作业。
I _________________my homework yet.
Practice: has losthave just cleaned haven’t finished注意：already 常用于_______ (有时也用于疑问句)；
yet 常用于_____句和_____句。
肯定句否定疑问Task 2:　现在完成时的用法：
2. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，
现在成为一种经验，一般汉语译为“过”，
常带有______________________________________等时间状语 。(经历性用法 ) never, ever, once, twice, three times， before1. I have been to the Summer Palace twice.
2. We have visited your school before.
She has never driven a car before.
4. I have once visited the school.
5. Have you ever read this science fiction before?
Translation
① I have never heard of that before.
　
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③We have been to the Great Wall many times.
我之前从未听过那件事。你曾经骑过马吗？我们已去过长城多次。翻译(Pair work)
他已经赢得了班上其他同学的尊重。
He has already earned respect from the
other students in his class.
2. 为了考试得到高分，在过去的两个月里，他们
做了很好的准备。
In order to achieve high grades in the exam, they have made good preparations in the past two months.
3.他刚从手术中恢复，身体还很虚弱。
He has just recovered from the operation, and is still weak.翻译
4. 坏天气已经持续了两周。
The bad weather has lasted for two weeks.
5. 我以前从没有在健身房锻炼过。
I have never worked out in a gym before.
　Task 2:　现在完成时的用法：
3.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现
在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，
也可能仍在进行。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。 （持续性用法/ 未完成用法）since 2 days ago/1991 (具体时间）, since, ever since;
for a long time/two days，for ages (一段时间)
lately，of late, recently, these days，
so far (迄今为止), up to now，till（until） now，
in the past/last few days，during the last two weeks等常见的时间状语有： He has lived here for 30 years.
（现在还住在这儿）
2. They've known each other since childhood.
（现在还继续往来）
3. How long have you studied English？
（现在仍在学）
注意：动词常为持续性动词他已经参军三年了。He has been in the army for three years . =He joined the army three years ago.=It is / has been three years since he
joined the army. Translation:　现在完成时的时间状语 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday, in 1990,
last Sunday,
three years ago等。
I have finished my homework yesterday. （ ）
2. I finished my homework yesterday. （ ）
3. I went to Japan twice last year. （ ）
4. I have been to Japan twice last year. （ ）
只要有具体的过去的时间就用____________。×√√×一般过去时判断正误：
( ) I have received his letter for a month.
( ) I received this letter a month ago.
( ) I haven't received his letter for a month.
短暂性动词在现在完成时的用法短暂性动词在肯定句和疑问句中不能和
表时间段的时间状语连用。
（在否定句中可以）
×√√ 常见的短暂性动词：
come, go, leave, arrive, reach,
begin, start, end，see, hear,
marry, buy, borrow，close, lose,
join, die, get up，become, fall, finish, join, get to know 等。
和表一段时间的时间状语连用时，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 (熟记)come — be here leave/go — be away (from)
borrow — keep buy — have
finish — be over begin — be on
die — be dead get to know — know
arrive/get to/ come / reach — be in/at
marry/get married (to) — be married (to)
fall asleep/get to sleep — be asleep
join the club — be a member of the club1.他入党两年了。
He ______ the Party two years ago.
— He ___ ____ __ the Party for two years.
— He has been __ ______ _______for two years.
— He has been __ _____ ______ since two years ago.
2.电影开始十分钟了。
The film began______________________.
— The film ___ _____ __ for_____________.
— The film ___ _____ __ since________________.
他的狗死了一个月了。
His dog died a month ago.
— His dog has been dead for a month.
— His dog has been dead since a month ago.has been injoineda Party membera Party memberten minutes agohas been onten minuteshas been onten minutes agoThe man has left the village for several years.×√××√( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他们来这儿已经两天了。He has married Amy for two years.He has been married to Amy for two years.他和艾米结婚两年了。这个人离开村子已经几年了。√×√The man has been away from the village
for several years.
have/has been (to)
have/has gone (to)have/has been (to) 表示“去过某地”
(现在不在那里了，已经回来了)
可与once, never, several times等连用
1. They have been to Beijing twice.
2. Where have you been?
have/has gone (to) 表示“去某地了”
（说话时某人不在当地，还没回）
He has gone to Beijing .
常用固定句型 It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since + 从句(一般过去时). 翻译：他祖父去世已有两年了。
It is two years since his grandfather died.
= It has been two years since his grandfather died.
His grandfather has been dead for two years.
His grandfather died two years ago.2. This (That/ It ) is the first (second…) time +
that + 从句（现在完成时）.
翻译：1. 这是他第一次参观这家工厂。
2. 这是我第二次读这本书。
1. It is the first time that he has visited this factory.
2. This is the second time that I have read the book.
常用固定句型3.This (That/It) is the best/ most interesting/
finest /… + that + 从句（现在完成时）.
1. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
It is the best film that I have ever seen.
2. 这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。This is the most delicious food that I have ever eaten.常用固定句型I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.
You’ll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.现在完成时可以用于某些时间或条件状语从句表将来，强调从句谓语发生在 。主句谓语之前have/has been doing
注意：不用被动语态 the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
现在完成进行时Part B构成：The boy __________________ (eat) since five minutes ago.
has been eatingThe boy started eating five minutes ago.
He is still eating now.The man __________________ (work) in the field for half an hour.
has been workingThe man started working in the field half an hour ago. He is still working now.一、表示一个动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，这动作仍在进行，且还有可能继续下去。
1. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
It has been raining since last Sunday.
2. 你看了一天电视了。
You’ve been watching television all day.
3. 回家以来我就没有好好睡过觉。
I haven’t been sleeping well since I
returned home.
Task 3 现在完成进行时的两种用法Practice: 1) 我一直等了你两个小时。
I __________________for you for two hours.
2) 雨已经下了三个小时了。
It ___________________for three hours.
have been waitinghas been rainingTask 3 现在完成进行时的两种用法
1. My hands are dirty. I’ve been painting the door.
我的手脏，我一直在漆门。
2. -- Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?
-- Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour.
--对不起我迟到了，你等了很久了吗？
--是的 ，我等了一个小时了。 二、表示动作刚刚结束，但和现在有某种联系。
（有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论，
一般通过上下文的语境进行判断。）注意： 有些不能用现在进行时态的动词，如be， have, like， love， know， see， hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时。
1) 她已经病了好久了
She ____________for a long time.
2) 我好久没有见到你了
I ________________you for ages.
has been illhave not seen1. 雨已经下了三个小时了。 It has been raining for three hours.2. -- 你身上怎么这么脏？
-- 我刚才踢足球了。-- Why are you so dirty?
-- I’ve been playing football.ComparisonsPresent perfect tense Present perfect continuous tenseTask 4
1. 现在完成时侧重动作的_____；现在完成
进行时侧重动作的_____。We have read the novel .
We have been reading the novel. 我们已经读完了这部小说。（已读完）我们一直在读这部小说。（一直在读）完成性进行性2. 现在完成进行时比较生动.含有明显的感彩，
而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，没有什么
感彩可言。
What have you been doing？（a）
What have you done？（b）
（a）句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。
Recently Mary has been doing her work
regularly.（a）
Recently Mary has done her work
regularly. (b)
（a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。
（b）只说明一个事实。
3. 现在完成时常不带重复性，
现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复。
Have you met her lately？
Have you been meeting her lately？

现在完成进行时是一种兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。
由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、重复性、生动性乃至感彩。 Conclusion下面三种情况一般不用现在完成进行时：
时间状语是ever, never, already, yet, once, twice （具体次数和具体数字）…
由how many, how much引出的疑问句。
如：How many pages have you read?
How many times have you swum in the lake?I have been reading this book several times.×I have been having the book.×3. 谓语动词为状态动词。
( have， know， seem， believe，want，
contain， include， seat ) 2. 谓语动词为瞬间动词，不用现在完成进行时。
如：finish，become。 ComparisonsPresent perfect tense Simple past tenseTask 51 ‘_____ you _____ my pen?’ ‘Yes, I _______it on your desk just now.’ (see)
2 ‘_____ you ____ dinner?’ ‘Yes, I ____ it with Mary.’ (have)
3 _____the postman_____ yet this morning?
____ the postman_____ this morning? (come)HaveHavehadDidHasThe present perfect tense and the simple past tenseseencomecomehadsaw归纳：区分:一般过去时与现在完成时
*时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用_________，不能用______时，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。
*结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是
“____”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。一般过去时现在完成现在Task 6
Consolidation链接高考1.The real reason why prices ___, and still are, too high is complex(复杂的), and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. (2015 江苏，30)
A. were B. will be
C. have been D. had beenA链接高考2.In the last few years, China __ great achievements in environments in environmental protection. (2015 北京，26)
A. has made B. had made
C. was making D. is makingA链接高考3.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement __ so far by the two sides.
(2015 天津，9)
A. has been reached
B. was reached
C. will reach
D. will have reachedA链接高考4.—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.
--He went to the library after breakfast and __his essay there ever since. (2015 福建，30)
A. wrote B. had written
C. has been writing D. is writingC链接高考5. I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ___, “What do you wish me to do now?” (2015 湖南，25)
A. ask B. have asked
C. am asking D. askedD链接高考6. Marty __ really hard on his book and he thinks he will have finished it by Friday. (2015 陕西，22)
A. worked B. has been working
C. had worked D. has workedB链接高考7. –Is Peter coming?
--No, he __ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. (2015 重庆，1)
A. changes B. changed
C. was changing D. had changedB链接高考8. – How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
-- Well, the media(媒体) __ it in a variety forms. (2014 江苏，23)
A. cover B. will cover
C. have covered D. covered C链接高考9. – Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
-- I went to Ningxia and __ there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.(2014福建，23)
A. stayed B. stay
C. had stayed D. am staying A链接高考10. We won’t start the work until all the preparations ___. (2014 天津，11)
A. are being made B. will be made
C. have been made D. had been madeC链接高考11. She __ someone, so I nodded to her and went away. (2014 四川，9)
A. phoned B. had phoned
C. was phoning D. has phoned C链接高考12. – Tony, why are your eyes red?
-- I __ up peppers for the last five minutes. (2014 江西，24)
A. cut B. was cutting
C. had cut D. have been cutting D链接高考13. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs __ sharply.(2013 浙江，10)
A. was increasing B. has increased
C. had increased D. will be increasingB链接高考14. The manager __ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
(2012 全国II，18)
A. has told B. is telling
C. has been telling D. will have told C链接高考15. – That must have been a long trip.
-- Yeah, it __ us a whole week to get there. (2011 北京，27)
A. takes B. has taken
C. took D. was taking C Go through what we learnt today
and get familiar with them.
2. Prepare Task. Homework1. — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
— I think so. He ___ for it for months. (08江苏)
A. is preparing B. was preparing
C. had been preparing
D. has been preparing
2. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建)
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seenDDPractice3. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (2007湖南)
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
4. Danny ______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)
A. works B. is working
C. has worked D. had workedDC5. -- I have got a headache.
-- No wonder. You______ in front of that computer too long. (2007江西)
A. work B. are working
C. have been working D. worked
6. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. (07上海)
A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was fallingCA
7. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.(北京)
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to consider
8. —______ you ______ him around the museum yet? (2007江苏)
—Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show
C. Had; shown D. Did; show
BA
9. —Hi, Tracy，you look pale.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have paintedC10. Although he has lived with us for years, he _____ us much impression.
A. hadn’t left
B. didn’t leave
C. doesn’t leave
D. hasn’t left
D11. How can you possibly miss the news? It ___________ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been
C. was D. will be
A 12.-- ____ Lucy and Peter ___ married?
A. How long were, being
B. How long, have
C. How long have, been
D. How long did, get

C13. -- How long _________ at the job?
-- Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you been employed
B