Unit 1 The world of our senses Grammar and usage 名词性从句课件（77张）

课件77张PPT。 Unit 1
The world of our senses Grammar and usage 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等
因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。相关概念 名词性从句
noun clause 主语从句
subject clause 宾语从句
object clause表语从句
predicative clause 同位语从句
appositive clause名词性从句在功能上相当于名词His job is important.What he does is important.主语 This is his job.This is what he does every day.表
语｛｛I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day.宾
语I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.同
位
语｛｛1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语1) That he will succeed is certain.
2) Whether he will go there is not known.
3) What he said is not true.
4) Where he hid the money is to be found
out.
5) Whoever comes is welcome.
6) It’s certain that he will succeed.What she did is not yet known.?
Whoever comes is welcome.?
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.?
Wherever you are is my home — my only home.
1) whether可以引导主语从句放句首, 但
if不能。2) 为避免主语冗长, 句子头重脚轻, 经
常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后
面作真正的主语。注意It is well known / reported / thought / said… that…
It is clear / necessary / certain / true / doubtful…that…
It is a pity / a shame / an honour that…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seems that…
It happens that…2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）1) They know that the habit will kill them.
2) It all depends on whether they will support us.3) He asked how much I paid for the violin.
4) He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.
5) I find it necessary that we should do the homework.I doubt whether he will succeed.
You may do what you will.
He told us that he felt ill.?3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。
作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：
that / whether /as if / as though
（ if 不引导表语从句)
连接代词：
who / whom / whose / which / what
连接副词：
when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time.
He looked as if he was going to cry.
That’s why I was late.The trouble is that I have lost his address.
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
The question is how he did it.?表语从句4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分, 其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief ;effect; truth; problem; news 等) 后面, 对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用 that引导或用连接副词when / where / why / how / whether。 Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.同位语从句Try to find the noun clauses in the Reading section on page 2 and tell the functions.At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.object clause2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched
by a tall man in a dark coat.object clausepredicative clauseobject clause名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序(1).名词性从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )FT你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )TF二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1）that 和 what 的选用that 和what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that / what1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is
obvious.
3. The result is ____ we won the game.4. This is _____ we want to know.WhatThatthatwhat5. Is _____ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to ______
the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.8. I have no idea _____ he did that
afternoon.whatwhatthatwhatif 和 whether 的选用不能使用if 的情况：a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do
做动词宾语不能用if to do.
g. whether or not
连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.if / whether1. I asked her __________ she had a
bike.2. ________we will hold a party in the
open air tomorrow depends on the
weather.if / whetherWhether3. We’re worried about ________ he
is safe.4. I don’t know ___________ he is
well or not.5. I don’t know ________ or not he is
well.whetherwhether/ifwhether6. The question is _________ he
should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the
question ________ the old man will
recover soon.8. I don’t know _______ to go.whetherwhetherwhether其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义, 正确的选择 who、 which、 when where 、 why、 how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don’t know _____broke the glass yesterday.Whenwho我不知道他长的什么样子。
I have no idea ______ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is ______ I left my glasses.whatwhere关于that引导的主语从句特点：无意义，不作任何句中成分，只起连接作用，不可以省略！
That he is still alive is unbelievable.
That we shall be late is certain.
三、关于引导词that 有时候为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，或者是为了强调，常用it来做形式主语，把that引导的主语从句放到后面。
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 特点：无任何实际意义，也不作任何句子成分，只是起连接作用，且常常省略。
I think (that) English is easy to learn.
You said (that) you like your mother very much.关于that引导的宾语从句在某些复合宾语的句式中，也常用it作形式宾语，把that引导的宾语从句放在后面。
Who will see to it that everything will be ready before Mr. President comes?特殊情况that 在以下情况不省略：
1. Make, find, feel, consider等这些词的后面用it
作形式宾语时，that不省略。
I find it necessary that we should study English.
2. 及物动词后有两个宾语从句时，第二个that不
可以省略。
He said (that) he would go there the next day
and that his family wouldn’t go there.3. 与动词相隔离的宾语从句一般不省略that.
The teacher tells us very often that we should study hard.
4. that引导的宾语从句放在句首时，为了表示强调，that不可以省略。
That he has done such a thing I can’t believe.that 引导表语从句，用来表示某一事实，也能表示某人的观点，意见，要求和希望等。
The problem is that her parents couldn’t accept me.
关于that引导的表语从句如果句子的主语是suggestion, order,
advice等名词时，后面that引导的表语从句
用“(should)+动词原形”。
His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.
Your advice is that we (should) do the homework first.特点：对前面的名词作进一步的说
明，无实际意义，不作任何成分，但
不可以省略。
The news that our team won the first
prize excited all of us.关于that引导的同位语从句四、同位语从句和定语从句的区别1. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一
步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具
体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分, 只
起连接作用, 无具体含义, 且不可省
略。PracticeChoose the best answer.1. They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2. The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3. I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. thatBAB4. The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday
now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5. One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6. Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether C. that D. whichACC7.The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
8.They received orders _____ the work be done at once.
A .which B. when C. / D .that
9. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my
mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because
C. why; that D. that; because CDC10. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how
C. That; why D. What; because
11. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even ifAB12. It is known to us ___ where there is
pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where
C. what D. that
13. I have the information ____.
A. of what he’ll come soon
B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon
D. his coming soonDB14. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.
--- ____ it made me nearly mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke
C. He broke D. His break
15. It remains a question ____ we can get so
much money in such a short time.
A. how B. that C. when D. whatAA16.--- Can I help you?
--- Yes. Do you know ____?
A. when comes the bus
B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come
D. when the bus comes
17. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that ifDD18. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.
A. what; that B. it; that
C. what; when D. which; whatA19. A computer can only do ____you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
20. Can you tell me ______?
A. who is that gentleman
B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is
D. whom is that gentlemanCA21. ---I think it is going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
---I wonder ______we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
22. ______is no possibility _____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A.There; that B. It; what
C.There; whether D. It; whetherCA【2012陕西卷】As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
A . whatever B. whichever
C. whenever D. wherever
【答案与解析】 考查名词性从句。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语。意思是：无论哪件，选B。其余选项与句意不符。B【2012北京卷】Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
why B. how
C. that D. whether
从句考查，宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。C【2012江西卷】25?It suddenly occurred to him _____ he had left his keys in the office.
A . whether B . where
C . which D . that
考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。 解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。D[2012湖南卷] Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
why B. how
C. whether D. when
本题是一形式主语句型。考查名词性从句引导的用法。根据空后的or可知为whether… or短语。复合句、名词性从句 、主语从句、形式主语 、引导词whether。C【2012重庆卷】34. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.
A. why B. how
C. whether D. that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D选项。 D1. ______Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. （2011北京）
A. Which B. What C. That D. WhomB2. The shocking news made me realize ______ terrible problems we would face.
（2011北京）
A. what B. how C. that D. whyA3. It is still under discussion _____the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (2011重庆)
A. whether B. when
C. which D. where
4. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
what B. which (2011天津)
C. that D. whereAC5. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _______ we are to shake hands with. (2011重庆)
A. whichever B. whenever
C. whoever D. wherever
6. Our teachers always tell us to believe in ______ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. (2011四川)
A. why B. how C. what D. whichCC7. I’d like to start my own business –that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money. (2011陕西)
why B. when C. which D. what
8. There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2011上海)
what B. if
C. how D. thatDD9. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______ others actually understand. (2011上海)
A. why B. that
C. which D. what
10. When the news came ______ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.
(2011辽宁)
A. since B. which
C. that D. becauseDC11. (10福建35) We should respect food and think
about the people who don’t have we have
here and treat food nicely.
A. that B. which C. what D. whetherC12. (10湖南35) Cindy shut the door heavily and
burst into tears. No one in the office knew _____ she was so angry.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why D13. (10天津14) As a new graduate, he doesn’t
know ____ it takes to start a business here.
A. how B. what C. When D. which B14. (10北京33) _____ some people regard as a
drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A. Whether B. What C. That D. HowBThe possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.
该句中that引导一个同位语从句修饰the possibility.
reduce v. 减少，减轻
Regular diet can reduce the possibility of falling many illnesses.
reduction n.Language pointsIn a scientific study, doctors asked 20 men and … as long as possible while breathing in different smells.
while breathing in different smells作时间状语。分词作时间状语时，前面有时带while或when，表示与主句谓语动词同时进行的动作。
Be careful when crossing the street.Since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.
在该句中，that引导了一个主语从句，it作形式主语。
affect v. 影响，感动
Eating too much may affect your health.
She was deeply affected by the sad story.Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain.
be related to 与……有关
All things were related to all other things.
These two events were related to each other.
be associated with 与……有关He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyse the results.
analyse v. 分析
Let's analyse the problem and see what went wrong.
The police tried to analyse the cause of this accident.
analysis n. 分析
(pl.) analyses
One explanation is that women’s sense of smell is better developed than of men, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.
be linked to 与……相关
这里的to是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词
Smoking is linked to lung diseases.
Students’ achievements are closely linked to how hard they work.Homework Review what you have learnt today.