高中英语（人教版）选修6 Unit 2 Poems语言点及练习

Unit 2 Poems语言点
学习目标
重点词汇
convey, load, concrete, tease, contradictory, flexible, eventually, transform, appropriate, exchange, sponsor, blank
重点短语
take it easy, run out of, be made up of, in particular, try out, let out
重点句型
reason+从句
知识讲解
重点词汇
convey
【原句回放】 Others try to convey certain emotions. 而有些诗试图传达某种感情。
【点拨】convey vt. 传达；运送；表达
1. A good photograph can often convey（传达）far more than words.
好的照片经常比文字更能传情。
2. These results will enable us at least to convey（表明）a sense of progress.
这些结果至少能表明一种进步的感觉。
3.Please convey (转达) my appreciation to your President.
请代我向您的总裁/总统转达我的感激之情。
4. A taxi conveyed（运送）us to the train station. 一辆出租车把我们送到火车站。
（convey sb. to some place 用车送某人去某地）
load
【原句回放】 Slowly the old man carries his load. 老人慢慢地挑着担子前行。
【点拨】load n. 负担，负重
1. The men were struggling with their heavy loads.
这些人因为负担沉重而挣扎着。（或：这些男人背着沉重的包蹒跚着向前走着）。
2. She drove back from the farm with a full load of hay.
他开车从农场回来，车上装满了干草。
3. You must allow others to share your load (指“工作”，一般工作量较大).
你一定要让其他人分担你的工作。
4. Her grief is a heavy?load?to bear. 她心情沉重得难以忍受。
a load of=loads of+可数或不可数名词：意思是“一大堆的......”，load此处相当于pile。
5. You are getting yourself into a whole load of trouble. 你正深陷麻烦之中。
loads of friends 一大堆朋友
【拓展】 load vt. 装......，把......装上车
1. They are loading the truck now. 他们在装车。
2. My camera is loaded with a color film. 我的照相机装上了彩色胶卷。
3. He loaded the cassette into the player. 他把磁带装到了唱机里。
4. I knew how to load and handle a gun. 我知道如何装子弹和用枪。
5. Jim felt loaded down with money worries. 因为钱的问题吉姆感觉负担过重。
(load sb./oneself down 给某人过重的负担，此句中load用过去分词，作felt的表语) ■
concrete
【原句回放】 The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. 这些语言具体但富有想象力，它们能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵而又节奏感强，而且重复多遍。
【点拨】concrete adj. 混凝土制的；确实的，具体的
concrete evidence/proposals 确凿的证据/ 具体的建议
It is easier to think in concrete terms rather than in the abstract.
结合具体的事物思考比抽象思考容易些。 ?
【拓展】concrete n. 混凝土
vt. 用混凝土覆盖
The path had been concreted over. 小路铺设了混凝土。
tease
【原句回放】Teasing, shouting, laughing (爱)取笑，吆喝，大笑
【点拨】tease v. 取笑，招惹，戏弄
n. 取笑，爱开玩笑的人
常用搭配：tease sb. about sth. 拿某事来取笑某人
She teased me about my shoes when we met yesterday.
昨天我们见面时她拿我的鞋取笑。
Don’t take it seriously — he was only teasing.
别把它当真——他只不过是在开玩笑。
【拓展】同义短语：
tease = make fun of = laugh at = play a trick on 取笑，戏弄
contradictory
【原句回放】 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些诗可能没有什么意义，甚至（有的）看来自相矛盾，但它们容易学，也容易背诵。
【点拨】contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的
The advice I received was often contradictory. 我得到的建议常常是矛盾的。
? There were contradictory versions of what happened.
对于发生的事情的说法相互矛盾。
【拓展】contradict v. 反驳，相矛盾，同......相矛盾
contradict oneself 自相矛盾
Your actions contradict your principles. 你的行为与你的原则相矛盾。
It’s difficult to contradict someone politely. 彬彬有礼地驳斥别人是难以做到的。
flexible
【原句回放】 List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases, which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. “清单诗”诗句的长短比较灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的模式和节奏。
【点拨】flexible adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的，柔顺的，可弯曲的
You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.
你需要在方法上更灵活点，更有点想象力。
Can you be flexible about when you take your leave? 你休假的时间能变动吗？
To do the work, you need a flexible ruler. 要做这个工作，你需要一个软尺。 ?
【拓展】flexibility n. 灵活
flexibly adv. 灵活地，柔顺地
flexitime n. 弹性时间工作制
eventually
【原句回放】With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有那么多不同形式的诗可供选择，最后学生可能就想自己写诗了。
【点拨】eventually adv. 最后，终于
He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.
他工作的太辛苦了，最终生病了。
When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long.
当它最后被拉上岸时，人们发现它超过13英尺长。 ?
【拓展】意义相近的表示法有finally, at last, in the end 等。
transform
【原句回放】 Never looking back, transformed into stone. 化为石，不回头！
【点拨】transform vt. 彻底改变，改造
常用搭配：transform sb./ sth from...into 把某人或某物从……改造/转变为
Success and wealth transformed his character. 成功和财富彻底改变了他的性格。
A steam engine transforms heat into power. 蒸汽机把热量变成了动力。
【拓展】transformation n. 彻底改观，改变
After three weeks we noticed a total transformation in his behavior.
三周后我们注意到他的行为完全改变了。

appropriate
【原句回放】Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending. 将每个句子的开头和结尾进行适当的连线搭配。
【点拨】appropriate adj. 正确的；适当的
指适合于某一特定场合的要求，接介词for；强调针对性时用介词 to。
His casual clothes weren’t appropriate for such a formal occasion.
他随意的衣着不适合这样的正式场合。
The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children.
这本书是以适合孩子的年龄的形式写的。
【拓展】appropriate, suitable, fit, proper的区别：
1. appropriate 指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等，强调自然具备适宜的性质，强调“恰如其分”；
2. fit 是口语用语，使用广泛，指对某种要求、需要等合适、适当，经常指尺寸、大小等适合于某个目的或用途。常用结构：fit for sth. 和fit to do sth.
3. suitable指适合于某一场合的要求或目的，比fit较为正式。常用结构：suitable for ……。
4. proper 侧重于符合某个标准或习惯等，表示“适合、正确的”时多用于作定语。
如：Parents are warned not to buy books not suitable for their children.
家长们被告诫不要买不适合孩子们的书。
Such a ship is fit for a calm sea only. 这种船只适合于在平静的大海中航行。
I think this is an appropriate moment to raise the question of my promotion.
我认为这是个适当的时候，可以提出我晋升的问题。
Eat some proper food, not just toast and jam!
吃合适的食物，不要只吃面包和果酱。
exchange
【原句回放】 If there had not been an exchange programme, he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad. 如果没有一个互换计划的话，他就不会找到一个赞助人来帮他出国学习。
【点拨】exchange vt. & n. 交换，调换，兑换；交易；交流
常用搭配：
exchange sth. for sth. 以某物换取某物
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换/调换某物
in exchange for 交换，调换
make an exchange for 交换
exchange rate 汇率
I’d like to exchange some pounds for dollars. 我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。
John exchanged gifts with Mary. 约翰与玛丽交换了礼物。
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake. 他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。 ?
【拓展】change与exchange
区别这两个句子：
Let’s exchange our seats. 我们换一下座位吧。（两个人互换）
I changed my seat. 我换了个座位。（换到了别处）
sponsor
【原句回放】 If there had not been an exchange programme, he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad. 如果没有一个互换计划的话，他就不会找到一个赞助人来帮他出国学习。
【点拨】sponsor n. 赞助人；发起者，倡仪人；保证人
vt. 担保，赞助；倡议；发起，主办
She got a family friend in London to agree to be her sponsor.
她取得伦敦一位世交的同意做她的赞助人。
He sponsored the plan at the meeting. 他在会上倡议了这一计划。
The firm is sponsoring an engineering student at the university.
这家公司在资助一名工科在读大学生。
blank
【原句回放】Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 用括号中的动词的正确形式填空。
【点拨】blank n. 空白
adj. 空白的，茫然的
I’m trying to think of his name, but my mind’s a complete blank.
我使劲想他的名字，但是我的脑子里一片空白。
Asked when she was leaving, my daughter looked at me with a blank expression.
我问我女儿什么时候出发，她表情茫然地看着我。
Suddenly the screen went blank. 突然屏幕上一片空白。
重点短语
take it easy
【原句回放】 ... if we hadn’t taken it easy... 如果我们没有松懈.......
【点拨】take it easy= take things easy 别着急，别紧张
此短语指在心理上“别着急，别紧张”，相当于“don’t be nervous”。
Take it easy, and you will be better soon. 别着急，你不久就会好的。
The doctor told me to take it easy and not to worry too much.
医生告诉我放松点，别太担心。
I’d like to take things easy when I’m on holiday. 度假时我想放松点。 ?
【拓展】take your time 慢慢来，别着急。表示还有时间。
run out of
【原句回放】... if we hadn’t run out of energy. ......如果我们没有筋疲力尽。
【点拨】1. run out of sth. 用光，耗尽。相当于use up。
Though they were running out of food and drink, the men were confident that they would get out soon. 虽然食物和饮料都快没有了，男人们还是确信很快会出去。Many hospitals are running out of money. 许多医院都要资金耗尽了。
2. run out 是不及物动词短语，常以物作主语，表示“被用完，被耗尽”，相当于give out。
By the time his patience had completely run out. 到这时候他已经完全没有耐心了。
They returned home from South Africa when their money ran out.
钱用光了后他们从南非返回家中。
【拓展】 含run的常用短语：
run across 偶然遇见，跑着穿过 run after 追捕，跟踪
run into 跑进，（使）撞，偶然遇到 run away 逃跑
run for 竞选
be made up of
【原句回放】 Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. 另一种学生易写出的诗歌形式是五行诗，这种诗有五行句子构成。
【点拨】be made up of 意为“由......组成”，其主动形式是make up。
Eleven players make up a football team.= A football team is made up of 11 players.一支足球队由11个队员组成。Society is made up of people of widely different abilities.
社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。 ?
【拓展】含make的常用短语： make up 编造，化妆 make up for 弥补
make up one’s mind 下决心 make out 辨认出，理解，填写
make use of 利用
be made into 把......制成 be made in 生产于某地
be made of 由......制成的（能看出原料）be made from由......制成的（看不出原料）
in particular
【原句回放】 Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry — Tang poems from China in particular? 你知道说英语的人也喜欢其他形式的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗吗？
【点拨】in particular尤其，特别
Is there anything?in particular?you’d like for dinner? 你正餐有什么特别想吃的吗？
The whole meal was good but the wine?in particular?was excellent.
这顿饭不错，但是葡萄酒尤其好。 ?
【拓展】particular adj. 特定的，特殊的
n. 细节，特色，个别部分
在短语in particular中particular用作名词。
try out
【原句回放】 I think I’ll try out his way too some time. 我想还会找个时间尝试一下他的方法。
【点拨】try out 试用，试试 （try意思是“尝试”，out指结果）
I will try it out and see whether it works. 我要试一下看它能否运行。
Shirley will try out for the lead in the play. 雪莉将要试镜竞争戏中的主角。
let out
【原句回放】 Slowly the blackbirds lets out a cry. 黑鸟慢慢地发出叫声。
【点拨】let out 发出
When she saw him, she?let out?a cry of horror. 她看见他时，发出了恐惧的叫声。
Meer?let out?his breath in a long sigh. 梅尔长叹了一口气。 ■

重点句型
reason+从句
【原句回放】 There are many reasons why people write poems. 人们写诗的原因有许多。
【点拨】reason+从句
“原句回放”中的reason后接了why引导的定语从句，why代表先行词reasons在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“for the reason”。reason后可以接定语从句，也可以接同位语从句，而定语从句可能有that/which引导，也可能由why引导，要注意区分。
1. The reason why he died young was his inattention to his health.
他早亡的原因是他不注意自己的健康。
（why引导的定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for the reason”）
2. Did you hear the reason (that) he gave for being late?
你听到他为迟到而找的理由了吗？
（that引导的定语从句，that代表先行词reason在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
3. We are not going for the simple reason that we can’t afford it.
我们不去，原因很简单：我们负担不起。
（同位语从句，that不在从句中作任何成分，而从句解释了reason的内容） ?
【拓展】注意句型：The reason why ... is that ...
此句型中is后是that引导的表语从句，说明主语“the reason”的内容。
The reason why we don’t trust him is that he has often lied.
我们不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。
The reason why I was late is that I missed the first bus.
我迟到的原因是我错过了早班车！
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给首字母或汉语提示用单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. Parents there always give their children names that r______: Donnie, Ronnie, Connie.
2. Six weeks later we heard, to our great s______, that he had died.
3. A travel plan should be f________ in order to cope with changeable weather and unexpected emergencies.
4. You play the piano so well. You will be a good p_________ someday.
5. Our English teacher asked each of us to write a p______ (诗) after class.
6. Don’t take it seriously; he was only t_________（开玩笑）.
7. John was touched by the _________（温暖）of their welcome.
8. The music is written in a ________ (节奏) of three beats to a bar.
9. We should find an _________ (合适的) way to deal with the problem as soon as possible.
10. To have a certain ability of __________ (翻译) is one of the aims of English teaching.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
make sense, make up of, run out of, be popular with, in particular
take it easy, try out, in exchange for, translate from, stay up
1. A group _________ ten doctors and an officer was sent to Africa.
2. Among all English poems, I enjoy those written by Shakespeare _________.
3. —Oh, doctor, I have a pain in my leg.
—_________. Let me have a look.
4. I think it _________ to volunteer for the community activity.
5. What has made us puzzled is that why this pop star _________ the young.
6. Tom could hardly wait to ________ his new car his father bought for him.
7. The young man worked hard during holidays ________ money to pay for his education.
8. They had ________ petrol, but there was not a gas station nearby.
9. It’s wrong for parents to let the children ____________late watching TV.
10. This poem is ___________ one of Keats’ famous works, Ode to a nightingale.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 请向您母亲转达我的祝愿。
Please_______________________________.
2. 他讲了一些笑话, 使观众很开心。
He _____________ the audience ______________________ some jokes.
3. 我钱花光了，你能借点给我吗？
I ________________ my money. Could you lend me some?
4. 这是一种很受说英语的人欢迎的日本诗。
It is a Japanese form of poetry that ________________.
5. 我考试没有及格的原因是我没有努力学习。
_____________ I failed in the exam was ______ I didn’t study hard.
四、单项选择
1. What is it that the author wants to ________ to his readers through the story?
A. send B. convey C. take D. talk
2. Giving lessons to 10 students is a fairly light teaching ________.
A. weigh B. burden C. amount D. load
3. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
4. Their basketball team, mainly ________ black players, is sure to win the match.
A. made of B. made into C. made from D. made up of
5. The bride and bridegroom were _______ wedding gifts when all lights went out.
A. presenting B. exchanging C. offering D. changing
6. Don’t forget to ________ the equipment before setting up the experiment.
A. work out B. look out C. try out D. watch out
7. Many English poems ________Chinese ______ well．
A．translated into; translates B．translated into; didn’t translate
C．translating into; didn’t translateD．translating from; doesn’t translate
8. —Can I look at the menu for a few minutes before I decide?
—Of course. __________, sir.
A. Make yourself at homeB. Enjoy yourself
C. It doesn’t matter D. Take your time
9. —Do you think I can wear sports clothes for his wedding?
—No, sports clothes are not______.
A．fit B．right C．appropriate D．match
10. Those who are of great determination are _________ to make great achievements.
A. like B. likely C. probable D. possible
11. His practice is in ________ with his stated principles.
A. contribution B. convenience C. convention D. contradiction
12. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex
13. I went along thinking of nothing ________, only looking at things around me.
A. in particular B. in harmony C. in doubt D. in brief
14. The actor _______ the benefit performance to raise money for the Hope Project.
A. spoiled B. splashed C. split D. sponsored
15. The processing secret of the new product was __________ by the reporter, who had little sense of keeping the secret.
A. let into B. let out C. let down D. let be
16. Good teachers must know how to _________ their ideas.
A. convey B. display C. consult D. concern
17. There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _____ gave up.
A. generously B. unfortunately C. eventuallyD. purposefully
18. In only 20 years, the country has been ________ into an advanced industrial power.
A. translated B. decreased C. declined D. transformed
19. It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.
A. in preference toB. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
20. What will the world use for power when it has _________ oil?
A. run away from B. gone out of C. run out of D. broken away from
21. The report _______ figures from six different cities in Europe ______ six parts.
A. basing on; make up B. based on; is made up of
C. according to; consist of D. according to; makes of
22. The reason _______ I failed in the exam was _______ I didn’t study hard.
A. that; that B. that; because C. why; that D. why; because
23. The Greens have ________ their garage into a guest house.
A. transformed B. transmitted C. transported D. translated
24. —It can’t be too worse.
—Just ________, things will turn out to be better so long as you don’t stop trying.
A. be all right B. take your time C. ignore it D. take it easy
25. He accidentally ________ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. rhyme 2. sorrow 3. flexible 4. pianist 5. poem
6. teasing 7. warmth 8. rhythm 9. appropriate 10. translation
难点解析：
3. 句意：旅行计划应该灵活，以适应多变的天气和预想不到的紧急情况。
8. three beats to a bar 一个小节三个节拍
二、选词填空
1. made up of 2. in particular 3. Take it easy 4. makes sense 5. is popular with
6. try out 7. in exchange for 8. run out of 9. stay up 10. translated from
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. convey my good wishes to your mother 2. delighted；by telling 3. have run out of
4. is very popular with English speakers 5. The reason why; that
四、单项选择
1. B。convey表示“传达，表达”。此句是提问被强调部分的强调句型。句意：作者通过这篇故事到底想向读者转达什么呢？
2. D。teaching load 表示“教学任务/负担”。 burden 重负。
3. A。he explained 是定语从句,修饰the reason，省略在从句中作宾语的that。
4. D。be made up of 由……组成。此句中用过去分词作非限制性定语。
5. B。present 显示，赠与；exchange 交换；offer 主动提供；change 变化。
6. C。try out 表示“试验，尝试”。work out 计算出；look out 当心（危险等）；watch out
密切注视，提防。句意：实验前不要忘记测试设备。
7. B。第一空translate into作定语，与先行词poems是被动关系，用过去分词作定语；第二空是谓语，translate是不及物动词，表示主语poems的特点，不用被动语态。句意：许多译成汉语的英语诗过去都译得不好。
8. D。Take your time表示“慢慢来”，因为说话人是因为时间问题而感到不好意思，所以饭店的服务员说此句。Make yourself at home.一般是说给到家里来访的客人的客气话，表示“别客气，就当在自己的家”；Enjoy yourself. 玩得高兴，多吃点。
9. C。appropriate 适当，指在某个特定时间和场合恰如其分。
10. B。只有likely可以用人或者事物作主语，用于句型：sth./ sb. is likely to be/ do...。句意：那些决心大的人取得成就的可能性大。
11. D。contradiction 矛盾；contribution贡献；convention 习俗，惯例；convenience 方便。句意：他的所作所为与他自己申明的原则相反。
12. C。句意：在外面工作的妈妈应该有灵活的工作安排，以确保她们能更容易照顾自己的孩子。heavy 重的；smooth 顺利的；flexible 灵活的；complex 复杂的。
13. A。 句意：我走着，没想什么特别的事情，只是随便看周围的事物。in particular 特别；in harmony 和谐；in doubt 怀疑；in brief 简而言之。
14. D。句意：这位演员主办义演为希望工程筹集资金。spoil 损坏，宠坏；splash 溅，泼；split 分离，撕裂；sponsor主办，发起。
15. B。句意：新产品的加工工艺的秘密被那个没有保密意识的记者泄露了出去。let out 泄露，发出，放出；let... into 让......进入/知道；let... down 放下，降低，使......失望；let sb. be 听任，不打扰。
16. A。convey 传达；display 展示；consult 咨询，查阅；concern 使忧虑，关系到。
17. C。eventually 最后，最终；unfortunately 不幸地；generously 慷慨地；purposefully 有明确目的地；果断地。句意：课间/工间休息时那么多人排队等着咖啡，我最终放弃了。
18. D。transform 转变，改观；decrease 减少；decline 下降，衰退。句意：仅仅20年里，这个国家就成为先进的工业化强国。
19. D。句意：公务人员向人们索要礼物或钱财以换取对方需要的好处是非法的。in exchange for 交换；in preference to 偏爱；in place of 代替；in agreement with 同意，与......一致。
20. C。句意：当世界上的石油用完了后我们用什么来做能源呢？ run out of 用光，耗尽；break away from 脱离。
21. B。be based on 以......为基础，第一空是用过去分词作后置定语；第二空是谓语动词，因主语是the report，谓语用单数。句意：这篇以欧洲的六个不同城市的数据为基础的报告由六个部分构成。
22. C。第一空why代替先行词the reason在后面定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for the reason； 第二空因主语是The reason，而且表语从句中不缺成分，用that引导表语从句。
23. A。考查词义辨析。transform 使(形状、姿态、性质、机能等) 改变，transform ...into ...把……改变成……，故A项符合句意。transmit传送；传导；传达；transport 输送；运输；translate 翻译，皆不符合句意。
24. D。句意为：——糟透了。——沉住气，只要不放弃，事情会变好的。take it easy表示安慰，意为“别紧张，沉住气”；take your time 别着急，慢慢来，表示还有时间；ignore 忽视。
25. A。考查动词短语辨析。let out 在本句中为“泄露”的意思。take care 小心，注意；make sure 确信；make out 辨别出，理解。句意：他偶然透露他与妻子吵架了，已经几周没有回家了。