高中英语it的用法总结及练习（1）

it的用法（1）
概念引入
小词it是我们学英语之初就学会的，是不是感觉它似乎有点无所不能，经常出现呀？那么我们是不是已经了解了it的用法了呢？本单元和下单元我们就把it的用法做一小结。
先看这些句子，想想it的用法是什么？
1. It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
(表天气)
2. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
(代替that从句作主语)
3. It’s my birthday in two weeks’ time and I’ll be 82 years old!
(表时间)
4. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
(第一个it代替to give it up作宾语；第二个it代替上文中“吸烟”的事)
下面我们就先学习it作为代词和形式主语、形式宾语的用法。
用法讲解
代词it
1. 作人称代词
人称代词it是有实义的，是单数第三人称代词。主格与宾格相同。
1）指代人以外的一切生物或事物，如前文提到的事物或未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；
Ningbo is a beautiful city, isn’t it? 宁波是座美丽的城市，是不是？
It doesn’t matter. 没关系。
2）替代前文中的this, that；
This is your plan? Will you hand it in? 这是你的计划？你要交上去吗？
3）指代婴儿、小孩或性别不明的人。
The baby is crying. It might be hungry. 婴儿在哭，或许饿了。
—Someone is ringing. Who might it be? 有人按门铃，可能是谁呢？
—It must be my friend Tom．He (不可用It) wants to see you．
一定是我的朋友汤姆，他想要见你。
2. 作非人称代词
it用作无人称的主语，不指物，而表示时间、天气、气候、季节、距离等自然现象，或指事物的状态。
What a long way it is from Beijing to London! （it 指距离） 从北京到伦敦是多么长的一段距离啊！
It was nearly midnight when she came back. （it指时间）
她回来时快半夜了。It was very quiet in the café. （it指环境）
咖啡馆里静悄悄的。
It’s early spring, but it’s already very hot. （前面的it指季节，后面的it指气温）
刚是初春，但是已经很热了。
If it hadn’t been for the snow, we could have climbed over the mountain. （it指情况）
要不是因为下雪，我们可能已经翻越了那座山。
易误辨析区别it，one，it，that和which1. it指上文出现过的同一事物，而one则泛指与前面事物同属一类中的一个。
This was the last dictionary in that bookstore. So I took it.（it特指前面提到的那本词典）
这是那家书店最后一本词典，所以我买下了它。There are many dictionaries in that bookstore. So I bought one. （one泛指其中之一）
那家书店有许多词典，所以我买了一本。
2. that做代词替代前面提到的事物, 可数名词、不可数名词皆可。代替可数名词可以用the one替换。that的复数形式为those,只可替代可数名词复数,在句中相当于the ones。
The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs.
你们班的班主任比他们班的班主任年轻而且更活跃。
The students who do best in the exam are not always those with the best brains.
考试考得最好的学生并不总是那些最聪明的学生。
3. that在并列分句中,可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子内容,可用it替换.
She heard a terrible noise, and that brought her heart into her mouth.
她听见一个可怕的声音，让她的心跳到了嗓子眼。
4. it和which都可以用来指某一件事，关键要看中间是否有并列连词，如果有就用it，反之用which。
The Smiths bought a new house, but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯家买了一座新房子，但是搬进去之前还需要大量的工作。（it 指代前面提到的那所房子，此句的关键词是but，连接两个分句，it是分句的主语）The Smiths bought a new house, which will need a lot of work before they can move in.（因为没有连词，不能用it；which代表先行词house在定语从句中作主语。）He was badly ill, and it made his mother worried. 他病了，那使他母亲很担心。（it指代“他病了”这件事，注意and。）He was badly ill, which made his mother worried.（which代表前面整个主句，在定语从句中作主语）
it作形式主语
it作形式主语和形式宾语时，一般称为引导词，引出特定的句型。it作形式主语,代替由不定式,动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
不定式、动名词或从句都可以作主语，如：
To say is one thing, and to do is another. （不定式作主语）
说是一回事，做是另一回事。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（动名词作主语）
That he is a hero is true. (从句作主语)
当主语过长时，就会有不平衡感，为了句子的平衡、美观，我们引入了引导词的概念。

1) 代替由不定式表示的真正主语
句型：It is + adj. / n. +for/of sb. to do sth.
It is impolite to talk loudly in public places. 在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。
（it代替不定式“to talk loudly in public places”）
为什么形容词后有时用for，有时用of呢？仔细观察这两个句型：
It is important (necessary, possible, impossible, easy, hard, difficult…) for sb. to do sth.
It is nice (cruel, kind, rude, wise, stupid, clever, foolish, polite…) of sb. to do sth.
我们可以得出这样的结论：当形容词只是修饰这件事时，用for sb.，我们可以称为“单层修饰”；如果形容词看上去是修饰人的，而且事情做出来也肯定是这样的，即形容词既修饰人，也修饰物时，用of。例如：
我们学英语很重要。
It’s important for us to learn English.
important是修饰“我们”，还是修饰“学英语”这件事呢？修饰“学英语”这件事，所以用for。
再如：
你帮助我真好。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
第一，“你”是好的；第二“帮助我”这件事也是好的，所以双重修饰就用of。
2）可代替动名词表示的真正主语。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It’s no good taking in much fat and sugar. 吸收过多的脂肪和糖没有好处。
It’s no fun watching the same movie for a second time. 同一部电影再看一遍没有意思。
这里crying...等动名词短语是真正的主语，it代替它们作形式主语。
这些句型与前面的句型类似，那么什么时候要加-ing形式呢？我们只需记住，动名词的这种句型是比较少的，记住一些固定用法即可，如在高考中经常出现的
It’s no use/ no good/ no fun doing sth. 做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思。
3）代替主语从句
It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier. 我没有早一点这么想真是遗憾。
It is a well-known fact that smoking can cause cancer.
吸烟会引起癌症是尽人皆知的事实。
it代替that引导的主语从句作形式主语。
注意：选it还是as：
It is well known to all that the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。
这个句子中it代替that引导的从句作形式主语，经常会与下面这个定语从句的句型混淆：
_______ is well known to all, the earth is round.
这个句子中，第一个典型特征是逗号，第二是逗号后没有that，也就没有形式主语了。空白处应该填As。As代替后面的句子“the earth is round”，在定语从句中作主语。
这两种形式要清晰地记住。

4）注意以下固定句型：
It seems (ed) / appears (ed) that ... 似乎......
It (so) happened that ... 碰巧.....
It turns (ed) out that... 结果是
It occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想起......
It is said / reported / believed / hoped / well known / suggested ... that...
据说/据报道/大家都相信/人人都希望/大家都知道/有人建议...... ■
例如：
It so happened that the tickets were sold out. 碰巧票都卖光了。
It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.
她想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。
It turns out that the situation is quite serious. 结果表明情况很严峻。 it 用作形式宾语
it作形式宾语，通常有这些特点：
1. it代替真正的宾语：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句作形式宾语；
2. 宾语后常带有形容词或名词作宾语补足语；
3. 常用于此句型动词：make, think, consider, count (认为), believe, guess, suppose, declare (宣布), imagine, feel, find, discover, notice，regard（看作）等。例如：
我们认为每天打扫教室是我们的职责。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
主语 动词 形宾 宾语补足语 真正宾语
常见句型：
1. 动词+ it+ 形容词/名词+ (for/of) +to do/从句
I find it hard for you to do the task on your own. 我发现靠你自己做这个工作很难。
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
他们发现他们很难在两天内完成工作。
I made it a rule to keep diaries. 写日记成了我的习惯。
2. 动词+it+ no good/ no use / a waste of time /worth one’s while等 +doing...
I’ll make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 告诉我他的秘密，我会酬谢你的。
I believe it no use reading without understanding. 我认为读书不理解没用。
3. 动词 +it + 介词短语 + that…
owe it to sb. that… 把……归功于……
take it for granted that… 想当然/认为......是当然的
keep it in mind that… 记住......
We all take it for granted that Mile can succeed. 我们都认为米尔能成功。
We should always keep it in mind that no knowledge gained is ever wasted.
我们要记住，没有知识是白学的。
4. it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，如：enjoy, like, love, dislike, hate, don’t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to，宾语从句紧跟it之后。
I hate it you can swim so well and I can’t. 我嫉妒你游得这么好，而我不行。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我厌恶人们嘴里满是食物时谈话。
I would appreciate it if you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
如果你下午打电话预约医生，我会很感激的。
5. 介词后一般不能直接跟宾语从句，常用it，宾语从句跟it后（except that例外）。
I’m for it that you will follow their advice. 我赞成你听从他们的建议。
it常用的固定搭配
1. make it
在口语当中相当于succeed，表示“成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达”等，或用于约定时间。
He never really made it as an actor. 作为演员，他从没成功过。
—Shall we meet next week？我们下周见好吗？
—OK. We just make it next Saturday. 好。我们就定在下周六吧。
2. as it is 事实上，实际情况是……；照原样
We had planned to finish the task today，but as it is we probably won’t finish it until next week. 我们原计划今天完成这项工作，但实际上我们也许到下周才能完成。
Leave the table as it is. 桌子按原样放着吧。
3. if it weren’t for…/if it hadn’t been for… 如果不是……，要不是……
If it weren’t for Tom，I wouldn’t be alive today. 如果不是汤姆，我不会活到今天的。
4. that’s it 搞定、结束、到此为止、仅此而已；就是这样，完全正确
You can have one more sweet，and that’s it. 你可以再吃一块糖，不能再多了。
— I guess the key to the problem is the choice “A”. 我想这道题的答案是A。
—That’s it. 完全正确。
5. Take it/things easy. 不要慌，别担心
Take it easy！ He will do it well. 别紧张，他会做好的。
6. worth it 好处，值得做
Don’t hesitate about it！ It’s worth it. 别犹豫了，值得一做。
7. Believe it or not. 信不信由你
Believe it or not，Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
信不信由你，汤姆和玛丽下周结婚。
8. take it or leave it 要么接受要么放弃
That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. 那是我最后的出价，你要么接受要么放弃。
9. It all depends. / That all depends. 那得看情况，还没有定下来
—Are you going to the countryside for holiday？你要去乡下度假吗？
—It/That all depends. 看情况吧。
10. It’s up to sb. 由……决定，由……负责，取决于……
—Shall we go out for dinner？我们出去吃饭吧？
—It’s up to you. 由你决定。
11. Forget it. 别提了，忘了它吧，算了，休想!
—I still owe you for lunch yesterday. 我还欠你的中午饭钱呢。
—Forget it. 算了吧，别客气。
12. Don’t mention it. 别提了，不用谢。
—Thanks for all your help. 谢谢你帮忙。
—Don’t mention it. 不客气。
13. It doesn’t matter. 没关系。
—Now, what were you saying about John?那么，你刚才说约翰怎么了？
—Forget it. It doesn’t matter. 没什么，没什么要紧的。
14. You guessed it. 你猜着了。
He is now working for —you guessed it — a big restaurant.
你猜到了，那个男孩正为一家大饭店工作。
15. It’s hard to say. 很难说。
—Will we have a rest this weekend？这个周末我们休息吗？
—It’s hard to say. It all depends on when they will finish the task.
很难说。那要看他们什么时候完成这项工作了。

16. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……，要不是……”
If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.
要不是Tom，我今天就不会活着了。
17. catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”
We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
如果我们上课再迟到，我们会被老师批评的。
18. have it
(1).相当于say, insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”
Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
有谣言说他们离婚了。
(2).相当于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，获悉”
I had it from John that she was going abroad.
我从约翰那得知她要去国外。
19. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做，不放弃”
My teacher asked me to keep at it.
老师让我继续努力。
20. As it turned out,…在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明是”
As it turned out, his statement was false.
结果证明他的说法是假的。
巩固练习
Ⅰ. 把下面句子译成英语：
1. 他们记住这些词很有必要。
____________________________________________________
2. 据报道，另一颗卫星（satellite）已经被送入轨道（orbit）。
____________________________________________________
3. 有人建议推迟这次会议。
____________________________________________________
4. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
____________________________________________________
5. 你这样说真是太好心了。
____________________________________________________
6. 他们发现他们在两天内完成工作很难。
____________________________________________________
7. 我儿子给我打电话时已经近中午了。
____________________________________________________
8. 到城中心要步行半小时。
____________________________________________________
Ⅱ.读下面短文，说说其中的it是什么用法。
It (1) was a sunny Sunday. Peter decided to go for a walk to the park, though it (2) was two miles away. It (3) was so comfortable to walk on the street. Suddenly it (4) began to rain. He found it (5) hard to walk there. Then he took a bus home. Unfortunately it (6) went wrong. When he got home, he was wet through. Thus it (7) was a day that he would never forget.
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. _______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A．This B．That C．What D．It
2. I’d appreciate _________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
3. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _______.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
4. It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ________?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
5. ---Have you heard the latest news about Tom?
---No, what _________?
A. was it B. were they C. are they D. is it
6. The doctor thought _________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
7. ______ is reported in the newspapers, the new president will take office next week.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
8. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ________ came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
9. —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow_____?
—No. I’d rather buy ______ in the bookstore.
A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
10. It is no use _____ to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.
A. to try B. have tried C. trying D. having tried
11. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _______ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
12. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
13. We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found ______ we like yet.
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
14. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ______ in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
15. The doctor advised Alice strongly that she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t help.
A. it B. she C. which D. he
16. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_______.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
17. Our food and service are better than ________ used to be.
A．it B．we C．they D．them
18. —Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?
—________.
A. It’s your opinion B. I don’t mind
C. It’s all up to you D. That’s your decision
19. It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat.
A. as B. when C. since D. that
20. — I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.
— I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
21. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There D. It
22. Our club is open to adults only. _______ your children have entered without permission.
A. There seems that B. It seems to be C. There seems to be D. It seems that
23. In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.
A. this B. that C. it D. the following
24. We all thought ______ a question ________we could raise enough money for the project.
A. that; that B. it; whether C. it; that D. that; whether
25. Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
26. ______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
27. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed ______ to ______ and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A. it; her B. it; herself C. herself; her D. herself; herself
28. Do you have enough glasses for each guest to have _________?
A. it B. them C. that D. one
29. —You know who came yesterday?
—Cao Liang, the famous basketball player? We had a basketball match.
—______ He came and watched the game.
A. You guessed it! B. How did you know that?
C. Well done! D. That was good news!
30. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ______extra stress.
A. it B. them C. one D. him
IV.语法填空（山西省太原市外国语学校2018届高三5月半月考英语试题）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Californian truck driver, Larry Waters, always wanted to be 41 pilot. The only way open for him 42 (do) this was join the US Air Force, but his poor eyesight made this impossible. He didn’t give up and began working on a plan for his first 43 (fly).
He bought forty-five weather balloons from a local store. Then he fixed these to his garden chair, which 44 (tie) to his jeep. For this journey, he also purchased some beer and a parachute (降落伞). When everything was ready, he got in/to the seat and cut the ropes 45 (attach) it to the jeep.
His plan worked well, at least in the beginning. 46 the balloons continued to lift him up until he reached an altitude of 5,000 meters. Luckily, he had bought an air-gun 47 could be used to burst the balloons. He managed to burst ten of them, but then, unfortunately, he dropped the gun.
Waters’ flying garden chair began to get dangerously close to Los Angeles International Airport. Jet pilots flying nearby were 48 (astonish) to see the unusual sight, but this was a(n) 49 (potential) dangerous situation. An airport helicopter eventually succeeded 50 bringing him back to earth.
答案与解析：
Ⅰ. 把下面句子译成英语：
1. It is necessary that they (should) remember these words.
2. It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit.
或：Another satellite is reported to have been put into orbit.
3. It is suggested that the meeting (should ) be put off.
4. It is a pity that such a thing (should ) happen in your class.
5. It is kind of you to say so.
6. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
7. It was nearly noon when my son rang me up.
8. It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre.
Ⅱ. 读下面短文，说说其中的it的是什么用法。
1. 指日期。 2. 指距离。
3. 代替不定式to walk on the street作形式主语。 4. 指天气。
5. 代替不定式to walk there做形式宾语。 5. 代指上文的a bus。
7. 代指上文的Sunday。
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. D。it作形式主语，指代后面的the way he keeps changing his mind，谓语动词是worries
表示“使某人发愁”。
2. B。it指代if从句所提到的事。
3. B。it指代上文中的那所房子。
4. C。反义问句主谓语根据前面的陈述句的主语、谓语决定。
5. D。it指代上文的the news。
6. D。it指代不定式结构 for you to have a holiday，作形式主语。
7. B。as 引导的非限制性定语从句，译为“正如报纸上报道的那样，”如果逗号处是that，选It作形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。
8. C。which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整句话。
9. A。it指代前面的图书馆的那本书；one指具备此特点的东西之一。
10. C。考查It’s no use doing sth.表示“做某事是没有用处的”。
11. D。it作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式to look after all...。
12. B。it指代前文中的“the house that the Parkers bought”本身。
13. A。one泛指“房子”之一。
14. C。在比较状语从句中用that代替上文出现过的名词the air，但不是the air there（那里的空气）本身，one也有此用法，但是that可以代替不可数名词，one不可以。
15. A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。注意连词but。
16. D。说话时，不知道对方的性别，用it。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。
17. C。需要代词替代的名词有两个，our food和（our）service，所以用it的复数they。
18. C。It’s all up to you 由你来定。最符合题意。
19. D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。
20. B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it.
21. D。It’s no wonder that ... 意为“难怪......，......不足为怪”，其中it’s 可以省略。
22. D。句意：我们的俱乐部只对成年人开放。你的孩子好像没有得到允许就进来了。应用“It seems that+从句”，相当于“Your children seem to have entered without permission.”。C项表示“好像有......”，不接从句。
23. C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。
24. B。 it做形式宾语，代替后文的从句；问题是是否能筹集到足够的钱，故应用whether，不能用that，因为that表示的事实，而不是问题。
25. D。“这不要紧”，我们常说It doesn’t matter. 因此本题用it代指后文的if从句。
26. D。that引导的主语从句过长后置，并用it作形式主语。句意：我们都相信卫生保健方面的改善会使经济状况更强大、更繁荣。
27. B。句意：凯瑟琳买了一张她正游览的地方的明信片，在上面写上自己的地址，然后在附近邮局寄了出去。address... to sb. 在此句中是及物动词，意为“写某人姓名、地址于......”。it指上文的贺年卡。
28. D。one泛指同类物品之一。句意：你有足够的玻璃杯给每位客人一个吗？
29. A。由具体语境易做出正确选择。You guessed it! 你猜对了。
30. A。根据句意“做一名家长并不是很容易，而且作为一名有着特殊需要的孩子的家长，经常有随之而来的额外的压力。”carry的宾语为extra stress，with it伴随状语，it指代主语being the parent of a child with special needs。
IV.语法填空
41. a 42. to do 43. flight 44/. was tied 45. attaching
46. But 47. which/that 48. astonished 49. potentially 50.in