（人教版）选修6 Unit 5 The power of nature动词-ing形式复习及练习

动词-ing形式复习
概念引入
动词-ing形式和过去分词是我们从初中就开始接触的非谓语动词，本单元我们就把学过的有关动词-ing形式的内容复习并小结一下。
看下面句子：
1. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
2. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory twenty years ago.
3. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.
4. Are you interested in studying rocks and other things that make up the surface of the earth?
5. Can you imagine doing such dangerous work as part of your job?
这些句子中斜体词部分都是动词-ing形式及其宾语或状语等构成的短语，句1中短语作状语；句2中短语作定语，而且动词-ing形式带有状语“for...”；句3中短语作表语，表语中Mount Kilauea又带有which引导的定语从句；句4中短语作介词的宾语，而studying的宾语rocks and other things也带有that引导的定语从句；句5中短语作动词的宾语。那么动词-ing形式的用法是什么？使用时我们要注意什么呢？
用法讲解
动词-ing形式概述
1. 特点：
1. 动词-ing形式（v-ing形式）是英语三大非谓语动词之一，另两个是不定式和过去分词；
2. 有动词特征：有时态和语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语；
3. 有名词、形容词和副词的特征：可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。
4. 可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词相当于形容词或副词，一般作定语、状语、补足语和表示特点的表语；动名词相当于名词，一般作主语、宾语和表示主语内容的表语。
2. 构成：
基本形式：do＋ing
否定形式:“not doing”
注意：无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于v-ing形式之前。
动词-ing形式的时态、语态
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
3. 功能：
非谓语形式的所作成分对比
主语
定语
宾语
表语
状语
宾语补足语
v-ing形式
(
(
(
(
(
(
不定式
(
(
(
(
(
(
过去分词
(
(
(
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小结：
1. v-ing形式与不定式一样，可以作除了谓语外所有成分。
2. 过去分词因其只有形容词和副词的特点，不能作主语和宾语。
动词-ing形式的时态、语态
1. 动词-ing形式时态：
1）一般式: doing/ being done
表示v-ing形式的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时或之后发生。
2）完成式: having done/ having been done
强调v-ing形式的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
他们有说有笑地走出教室。（talk/laugh与went同时进行，用一般式）
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解。
（强调live在knows之前已经完成，用完成式）
Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. 站在山顶，你可以看到海边。
Having finished his homework, the boys went out to play football.
做完作业，男孩们去踢足球了。
2. 动词-ing形式的语态：
1）主动式：doing/ having done
2) 被动式：being done/ having been done
I stole into the room without being noticed. 我偷偷地进了房间，没有人注意到。
（分词动作notice与“我”是被动关系，用被动语态；“被注意到”与“偷偷进入”是同时发生，用一般式；所以用一般式的被动态being noticed）
Having been cheated many times, she now believes in nobody.
由于多次受骗，她现在对任何人都不信任。
(分词动作cheat与she是被动关系，且强调在谓语动作believes之前发生，所以用完成式的被动语态having been cheated。)
注意：
1）v-ing形式的完成式的被动语态，有时用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其口语中。
2）need, require, want, deserve+ v-ing形式表示被动
The flowers need watering every day.
= The flowers need to be watered every day. 花儿需要每天浇水。
（虽然“花”与“浇水”是被动关系，但是用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动）
但是：I need to water the flowers every day. 我需要每天给花浇水。
动名词的复合结构：
相当于名词的动词-ing形式有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而有自己的逻辑主语，这时要用动名词的复合结构：
物主代词/名词的所有格+ v-ing形式
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 你今天下午给我打电话我很感激。
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
最让那个孩子担心的是不让他到医院看他妈妈。
We are looking forward to the doctor’s coming to see her. 我们都盼着医生来给她看病。
注意：
在口语中，v-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时，可用名词的普通格，或代词的宾格；但在句首作主语，则不行。
I can hardly imagine Peter/Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我不能想象彼得五天内横渡大西洋。
Would you mind my/ me using your telescope? 用一下你的望远镜介意吗？
Your going there will help a lot. 你到那里对事情将大有帮助。
v -ing形式的句法功能：作主语
此时的v-ing形式是动名词，而动名词更体现其名词功能，动名词作主语，相当于名词，指一件事情。
Working is good exercise. 工作就是很好的锻炼方式。
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南北方爆发了战争。
注意：有时为了平衡句子结构，可用it作形式主语，而把v-ing形式置后。
It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
几个常用句型：
1. It’s no good (no use, fun, a waste of time) doing… 做某事没有好处（没有用，有趣，浪费时间）。
It’s no good reading in dim light. 在昏暗的灯光下读书是没有好处的。
It’s no use sitting here waiting. 坐在这里等待是没有意义的。
2. There is no use/ no point/fun in doing sth. 做某事没有用/有趣。
注意：fun意为“快乐（的事），有趣（的事）”，是不可数名词，什么时候也不加冠词a。
There is no point in waiting here. 在这里等着没有用。
但是there be句型中并不都用v-ing形式，下面句型用不定式：
There is no need/hope/possibility to do sth. 没有必要/希望/可能做某事。■
注意：不定式也可以作主语，与动名词的区别不大，但是常用句型不同，要认真区别。
v-ing形式的句法功能：作宾语（1）
动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。
1. 作动词的宾语
①用-ing形式作宾语的动词：这类动词的宾语只能用-ing形式，而不用不定式。
Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了！
I suggest doing it in a different way. 建议用另一种方法做这件事。
这类动词常考的有：
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免
put off 推迟 keep 保持　 consider 考虑
delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist抵制
mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免
excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意
fancy想不到,设想 feel like意欲 finish完成
risk 冒险 include 包括 　 forgive 原谅
give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过
imagine 设想，想象 cannot help 情不自禁 be worth 值得
be busy 忙于
附：
记忆口诀1
建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；
放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；
注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；
允许习惯不介意，值得开始想动名。
记忆口诀2
喜欢花费 忙着想象
忍不住想要结束练习
错过建议 保持介意 值得考虑
v -ing形式的句法功能：作宾语（2）
② 既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语
1）有些动词，接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不大，如：
begin, start, continue, hate, like, love, prefer等。
They prefer spending/ to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.
他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
Let’s continue playing/ to play the PC game. 咱们继续玩电脑游戏吧。
注意：应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。如：
　避免说：I am starting learning Russian. 应改成：I am starting to learn Russian.
2）有些动词，接动词-ing形式或不定式区别很大，如：
forget/ remember/ regret to do sth. 忘记/记得/遗憾要做某事
doing / having done/ to have done sth. 忘记/记得/后悔做过某事
I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。
I remembered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didn’t.
我记得我把书给李雷了，但是他说我没有给。
I regretted breaking the rules of our class.
= I regretted having broken/ to have broken the rules of our class. 我后悔违反了班规。
mean to do ... 打算做，想要做
doing ... 意味着，意思是
I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。
What he said means going there by air. 他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。
try to do设法做，尽力做
doing试着做
I’ll try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力赶上同学们。
I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。
can’t help (to) do... 不能帮忙做某事
doing... 禁不住做某事
The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。
The girl couldn’t help crying when she saw her mother again.
当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起来。
go on/ stop to do sth 继续/停下来去做另一件事
doing 继续/ 停止正在做的事
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one.
做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。
He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room.
他停止讲话，房间里一点声音也没有了。
v -ing形式的句法功能：作宾语（3）
2. 作介词的宾语：
英语中除了介词but/ except外，介词后一般接动词-ing形式作宾语。
He studied ways of keeping seeds.他研究了种子的保存方法。
She looks forward every spring to walking in the flower-lined garden.
每年春天她盼望着在铺满鲜花的公园里散步。
熟记这些短语:其中的to都是介词：
add up to 结果是 admit to 承认 be equal to 等于
devote... to把......献给 get/ be used to 习惯于 look forward to 盼望
lead to 导致 object to/ be opposed to反对 pay attention to 注意
see to 注意，处理 stick to 坚持

3. 作形容词busy worth的宾语：
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这首曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the sports meet. 我们正忙着为运动会做准备。
v -ing形式的句法功能：作表语和定语
作表语
1. 表示主语的内容，相当于名词，这时的v-ing形式可称为动名词。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
注意：不定式也可以作表语，与动名词区别不大。
2. 表示主语的特征，相当一个形容词，这时的v-ing形式可称为现在分词。
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。
作定语
1. 说明所修饰词的用途，表示“供作……之用”。这时v-ing形式与名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，是动名词。
reading room阅览室 walking sticks手杖 a booking office 售票厅
2. 说明所修饰词的性质或动作，表示“……的”。此时v-ing形式与名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。是现在分词。
the boy lying under the big tree 躺在树下的男孩（lie的动作是the boy做的）
a puzzling problem 困扰人的问题 （“问题”使人困惑）
(2018 安徽高考) If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety. 如果你来中国游览，你会体验到中国文化的惊人的深度和多样性。
注意：
1）选择v-ing形式还是过去分词作定语取决于动词与所修饰词的主动或者被动的关系，即其逻辑主语是其所修饰词。
a letter offering me the job = a letter which offered me the job 一封给我这份工作的信
a letter written by his boss = a letter which was written by his boss 一封老板写来的信
2）动词-ing形式的完成式常用来作状语，一般不作定语。
the temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake 被地震毁坏的庙宇
3）不定式作定语常表示将来，对比：
the bridge to be repaired 要修的桥
being repaired 正在修理的桥
repaired last year 去年修的桥
v -ing形式的句法功能：作宾语补足语
1. 某些动词后的宾语补足语：
动词-ing形式常用于see, hear, watch, let, get, have, keep, find等动词后作宾语补足语。
I saw him coming last night. 我看见他正往这儿来。
（v-ing形式表示动作正在发生）
I heard him singing a song in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。
We have the fire burning all day. 我们让火整天燃烧着。
（burn是易错词，表示“火在燃烧”时，要用主动形式）
The baby watched his dad shaving his face. 这个小男孩注视着他爸爸在刮胡子。
2. with的复合结构:
介词with也可以接宾语加宾语补足语。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他不久就睡着了，灯仍然亮着。
（with...表伴随，“灯亮着”是主动关系，用v-ing形式）
The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 今天天气非常好，微风吹拂。
We went into a large waiting room with a large fan spinning overhead.
我们走进一间大候诊室，头顶一扇大风扇在转着。■
3. 注意:
1）能带v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有两类：
a. 表示感官和心理状态的动词，如：notice, smell, feel, observe, catch等；
b. 使役动词，如：have, get, leave, set, send等。
2）不定式和过去分词也可以作宾语补足语，v.-ing形式强调动作正在进行，不定式一般表示动作的全过程，表示动作已经结束或即将发生；过去分词一般表示与宾语之间的被动关系、完成状态或动作由别人完成。
3）非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是前面的宾语，即：要看动词和前面的宾语是主动关系还是被动关系。
We heard her singing next door. 我们听到她正在隔壁唱歌。（主动、进行）
We heard her often sing next door. 我们听到她常在隔壁唱歌。（主动、完成）
We heard the song sung by her. 我们听这首歌被她唱过。（被动、完成）
We heard the song being sung next door. 我们听见隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（被动、进行）
v -ing形式的句法功能：作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. （时间）
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（原因）
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。（结果）
Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. （条件）
向右转你会找到一条小路通往他的茅舍。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. （让步）
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.（伴随）
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
(2018 四川高考) There, sitting in the shade against its strong trunk, I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice. （伴随）
就在那里，在（苹果树）阴凉下，我倚着树干坐着，读书，吃糖，喝橘子汁。
注意：
1.表示强调或出于表达需要，有时作状语的v-ing形式前常加一个连词：when, while, after, before, if, though, whether, unless, as if 等，相当于省略了主语和部分谓语的状语从句。
Though being ill (= Though he was ill), he would not take a rest. 虽然病了，但他仍不愿休息。
2. 不定式作状语，一般表示目的、原因（多在表示情感的词后）、结果（出乎意料的结果或too... to, enough to等结构）。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来只是向你告别。（目的）
What have I said to make you angry? 我说了什么让你这么生气？（结果）
I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. （原因）
听说你被选为俱乐部主席，我非常高兴。
3. v-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，如果不是，要加上动作的执行者，即独立主格结构，形式是：
名词/代词(主格)+ v-ing形式
Mary coming back, they discussed it together. 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论那件事。
The moon having risen, they took a walk in the field.月亮升起后，他们在田野里散步。
v-ing形式作独立成分
有些惯用的v-ing形式的短语在句中可以没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，有些已经转化为介词短语。如：
according to 根据 judging from/by从……判断 talking of谈到
coming to 论及(说到) allowing for考虑到 considering 考虑到
generally speaking 总地说来 frankly speaking坦率地说 roughly speaking粗略地说
honestly speaking诚实地说 properly speaking恰当地说 strictly speaking严格地说
Judging by/from his accent, he must be from the south. 从口音来判断，他一定是个南方人。
Strictly speaking, the article needs revising. 严格地说，这篇文章需要修改。
动名词和现在分词的区别
名词和现在分词虽然形式一样,但从本身词性来说,动名词顾名思义,属名词词性,所以在句中要充当名词能作的成分,常作主语/宾语/定语/表语。
现在分词(表主动/进行),属形容词词性,充当形容词能作的成分,常作表语/定语/状语/补语.所以可以从-ing形式作的成分来确定它是动名词还是现在分词.如果-ing形式是作主语/宾语的,那肯定就是动名词了.如果是作状语/补语,那肯定是现在分词。
至于动名词和现在分词都可以作的成分定语/表语,需要具体去区别.(1)作定语时的区别:现在分词表示主动/进行,作定语时表示与被修饰词是主动关系；动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途。a swimming girl “一个正在游泳的女孩”(现在分词） a swimming pool “一个游泳池”(动名词）
(2)作表语时两者的区别：动名词作表语时,主语和表语的位置可以互换.My job is teaching.= Teaching is my job.现在分词作表语,通常是指那些已经转化为形容词的-ing形式,如interesting, exciting, disappointing, surprising等.The book is interesting.
巩固练习
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空：
______ (see) from the mountain, we can see the river running through the city.
I am looking forward to _______ (see) you again.
The boy was lucky enough to escape ________ (punish).
I apologize to you for ___________(not tell) you the truth immediately.
It’s no use ________ (try ) to make me believe you.
The bottle _________ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory.
______ (lose) her new bicycle made Mary so upset.
______________ ( receive) a reply , he decided to write again.
We watched the army _______ (march) down the street towards the park.
Tom’s _______ (attend) the meeting made everyone there very happy.
The teacher asked me _________ (hand ) in my homework.
We don’t allow __________ (smoke), so you must go to the smoking room.
We don’t allow you _________ (smoke) here.
Nobody are allowed __________ (smoke) here.
_______ (interest) in the Koories for many years, I decided to learn their language.
Ⅱ. 用非谓语动词把下面复合句和并列句改成简单句。
1. Since I don’t know her address, I can’t get in touch with her.
________________________________________________
2. We have come here in order that we can improve our English.
________________________________________________
3. They came into the room and they were singing and talking.
________________________________________________
4. When she heard the news, she couldn’t help laughing.
________________________________________________
5. After he closed the windows, he went home.
________________________________________________
6. When we had finished the work, we went out to play.
________________________________________________
7. If the weather permits, we’ll go out on an outing.
________________________________________________
8. That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry.
________________________________________________
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. (2018高考新课标二卷改错题) My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.2．(2018高考新课标一卷语法填空题) My ambassadorial duties will include _____(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.3. (2018高考新课标三卷改错题)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
4. _____ the child to bed, she began to correct the pupil’s exercise.
A. Sending B. Being sent C. Sent D. Having sent
5. (2018 北京西城期末) There seems to be something wrong with the cat _______ at the corner of the street.
A. lie B. to lie C. lain D. lying
6. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______.
A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground. D. the workers discovered an underground lake
7. ______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ______ from the top of a thirty-storey building, Beijing looks more magnificent.
A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; see
8. ________from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes．
A．Suffered B．Suffering C．Having suffered D．Being suffered
9. He sent me an e-mail，________to get further information．
A．hoped B．hoping C．to hope D．hope
10. Do you wake up every morning _______ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
11. Alice returned from the manager’s office，________ me that the boss wanted to see me at
once．
A．having told B．tells C．to tell D．telling
12．________the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks．
A. Not completing B．Not completed
C. Not having completed D．Having not completed
13. The news reporters hurried to the airport，only ________the film stars had left．
A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D. told
14. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month，he had a hard time ________the exam．
A．pass B．to pass C．passed D. passing
15. Having been attacked by terrorists，________．
A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed
C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists
16. The bell ________the end of the period rang，________our heated discussion．
A．indicating；interrupting B．indicated；interrupting
C．indicating；interrupted D．indicated：interrupted
17. When you find something in your writing that needs ______, you should mark it on the paper.
A. to be correcting B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
18. ______ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.
A. Telling B. Having told C. Having been told D. Have told
19. _______, we left off our work.
A. After setting the sun B. Having set the sun
C. The sun having set D. Being the sun set
20. You must be careful when ______ on the highway.
A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving
21. People appreciate _______ with him because he has a good sense of humour.
A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. having worked
22. The fighting broke out on April 13, _______ 5 innocent people with more than 30 _______.
A. killed, injured B. killing, injured C. killed, injuring D. killing, injuring
23. He felt lonely in the first month abroad, but after a time he got _______ alone and even got _______ it.
A. used to living; to enjoy B. used to live; to enjoy
C. using to live; enjoying D. to be used to living; enjoying
24. I feel upset，for there are so many troublesome problems __________.
A. remaining to settle B. remained to settle
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled
25. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __________ trouble.
A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made
26. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
IV 用—ving形式翻译句子
1. 我们的这次旅行让人失望。
_________________________________________
2. 你经常看到音乐家在街上演奏。
_________________________________________
3. 我们可以看到旭日升起。
_________________________________________
4. 妈妈让我一个星期都在工作。
_________________________________________
5. 这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试。
_________________________________________
6. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。
_________________________________________
7. 他不停地抱怨。
_________________________________________
8. 我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。
_________________________________________
9. 他们了解这一切，要我赔偿损失。
_________________________________________
10. 他靠墙站着。
_________________________________________
V、语法填空
(2018 湖北黄冈中学期末)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have been teaching music for 37 years. Since my retirement from teaching music in 2001，I have spent a good deal of time __1__ (paint) as an artist. I actually began drawing in the summer of 1995 when my father died，so perhaps I was trying to recover __2__ the loss of my father, or maybe it was just paintings that brought back memories of him. In any case，I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes much __3__ (influence) by Krenkel and St. John for five years. For some strange reason，I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors (水彩画) again，but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time，I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth，__4__ quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and __5__ (find) his watercolors to be closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other __6__ (type) of painting. However，watercolors remained my first __7__ (choose), and I would try my __8__ (good) to work there, __9__ (display) my paintings at a number of art shows. It is wonderful to have some time doing __10__ I want to do. As Confucius once said，“At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”
答案与解析：
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1. Seeing 2. seeing 3. being punished 4. not telling 5. trying
6. containing 7. Losing 8. Not having received 9. marching 10. attending
11. to hand 12. smoking 13. to smoke 14. to smoke
15. Having been interested
难题解析：
如何确定v-ing的形式：
一看动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动，二看动词在谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。
如何确定逻辑主语：
一般是句子主语；v-ing形式作定语，是所修饰词；v-ing形式作宾语补足语，是宾语；另独立主格结构和动名词复合结构有自己的逻辑主语。
11. ask sb. to do sth. ----ask一般接不定式作宾语补足语。
12、13、14小题：allow 后接动词-ing形式作宾语，接to do作宾语补足语和主语补足语。
15. Having been interested。用完成时与for many years呼应；be interested in对......感兴趣。
Ⅱ. 用非谓语动词把下面复合句和并列句改成简单句。
Not knowing her address...
To improve our English...
They came into the room, singing and talking.
Hearing the news, she…
Having closed the windows, …
Having finished the work, we …
Weather permitting, …
Sam’s coming to school late...
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1．把take改为taking，因为between…and结构中take和stay的形式一样，都用动名词2．introduce用动名词形式introducing，作include的宾语。3．wear改为wearing;介词后跟动名词作宾语。
4. D。having sent作状语，表示v-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作began之前。
5. D。根据句意和句子结构，句子已经有了谓语动词seems to be，lie在句中作定语，the cat与lie是主动关系，应该用动词-ing形式作定语。句意：躺在街角的那只猫似乎有毛病了。
6. D。v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语须和主句的主语保持一致，选项中只有“工人们”可以做“building a tunnel（建隧道）”这一动作，所以选D。
7. A。第一空：see与第一个并列句的主语“I”是主动关系，而且与谓语动作“couldn’t help thinking”几乎同时进行，用v-ing形式的一般式；第二空：see与第二个并列句的主语“Beijing”是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
8. C。根据状语for years可判断用动词-ing形式的完成式。句意：经受了多年心脏病折磨的痛苦，怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药。
9. B。动词-ing形式hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的主动动作。不定式作目的状语时，句子应是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information．如果要选择“hoped”时，句子应是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped ... “hoped”和“sent”作并列谓语。
10. C。feel是与谓语动作同时发生的另一个动作，而且与主语you是主动关系，所以用v-ing形式作状语，表示伴随状况。
11.D。根据句子已有谓语，排除选项B；根据非谓语动词tell在句子谓语动词returned之后，答案选D。
12.C。根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成，排除选项D；根据非谓语动词与句子主语的主动关系，排除B；根据句子的意思，“没有完成计划”发生在have to stay之前，故选C。
13.B。根据句意，记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果，应用不定式；不是记者告诉他人，而是记者被告知，故选B。
14.D。have a hard time(in)doing sth．意思是：在……方面有困难。介词后要用动词-ing形式作宾语。
15. B。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面分词的语态可知，句子的主语应是the tall building，因此答案选B。
16. A。the bell在句子中是indicate和interrupt的逻辑主语，而且是主动关系，所以要用动词的-ing形式的主动语态。答案为A。
17. D。need后接动词-ing形式主动态表示被动，need correcting 表示“需要被修改”。
18. C。非谓语动词tell与句子主语“the traveler”是被动关系，是别人告诉他走哪条路的，而且tell在谓语动词“went on...”之前完成，所以选C。
19. C。“set（下落）”的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是“the sun”，所以用独立主格结构作状语，相当于状语从句“After the sun (had) set”。句意：太阳下山后，我们停止了工作。
20. C。“你开车”，主动关系；“开车”和“必须小心”同时进行，所以用一般式的主动形式。为了强调，保留了when，相当于从句“when you are driving...”。
21. C。appreciate后可接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不接不定式或从句。
22. B。第一空是v-ing形式作结果状语，“争斗”与“kill”是主动关系，用killing；第二空是with+宾语+宾补，injure（伤害）与30（人）是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。
23. A。第一空get used to doing，意为“习惯做某事”；第二空get to do sth. 渐渐地开始做某事。句意：在国外的第一个月他感到很孤独，但是过了一段时间后他就习惯了独自生活，甚至逐渐喜欢上了这种生活。
24. C。remain意为“仍是”，是不及物动词，用v-ing形式作定语，修饰problems；问题是“被解决”的，所以用remain to be settled。句意：我很失望，因为有这么多的麻烦事要解决。
25. B。mean to do意为“打算/想要做……”；mean doing意为“意思是……；意味着……”。由句意可知应选B。句意：接待处有个人似乎很生气，我想他想找麻烦。
26. B。根据句意和句子结构，句子已经有了谓语动词I saw，read要用作非谓语形式，留言条与“显示 read”是主动关系，要用reading，所以选B。
IV 用—ving形式翻译句子
1. Our trip was disappointing.
2. You often see musicians performing in the streets.
3. We can see the rising sun.
4. Mum kept me working all the week.
5. I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.
6. Reading French is easier than speaking it.
7. He kept complaining.
8. Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.
9. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
10. He stood leaning against the wall.
V. 语法填空
1．painting 2．from 3．influenced 4．who 5．found 6．types 7．choice
8．best 9．displaying 10．what
解析：
1．考查固定搭配 spend time doing …。
2．recover from 意为 “从（疾病、受伤、不良情绪中）恢复”。
3．从句意可知我的画风受两位名家影响。从 by 可以看出，句子主语与 influence 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，相当于I was influenced by…，省略了I was。
4．who引导定语从句，补充说明Andrew Wyeth。
5．该动作与 looked through 并列，故用 found。
6．other types “其它类型”。
7．从物主代词 my 可以看出此处需要名词。
8．try one’s best to do… “尽某人最大努力”。
9．displaying 现在分词作伴随状语。
10．what 引导名词性从句，作 doing 的宾语。