（人教版）必修5 unit 1-3单元复习与巩固及练习

必修五Units 1-3复习与巩固
学习目标
重点词句
说明：重点单词短语在各个单元的重点词汇中已经详细讲过，在复习单元不再重复，只就容易用错的部分进行提示和补充。
Unit 1：conclusion, expose, attend, control, absorb, blame, suspect, contribute, defeat
Unit 2：convenience, influence, arrange, delight, error, thrill, available
Unit 3：impression, remind, surroundings, lack, instant, likely
Unit 1：put forward; apart from; lead to和as a result (of)；make sense, suggest + 从句, have sth. done
Unit 2：refer to, break away (from)和break down, take the place of
Unit 3: take up, lose sight of, sweep up和speed up, be similar to; as though/ as if,疑问词+do you think +其余部分？
重点语法
过去分词
综合运用
语法填空与分词
作文写作技巧---分词
重点词句
conclusion
【点拨】conclusion n. 结束，结论
draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后
come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论
I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.
最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。
【拓展】conclude v. 结束；断定；决定
These are facts: what do you conclude from them?
事实就是这样：你从中得出什么结论？
expose
【点拨】expose v. 暴露，揭露；使面临，使遭受（常与介词to连用）
搭配：be exposed to 暴露于，感染，面临
She doesn’t want to expose the family conflicts to her friends.
她不想把家庭矛盾暴露给她的朋友们。
Those who were exposed to the flu were separated and treated without delay.
那些感染流感的人被及时隔离和治疗。
We want to be exposed to as much art and culture as possible.
我们想受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。
【拓展】exposure n. 暴露，接触，揭发，宣传
attend
【点拨】attend v. 照顾，护理；出席，参加
She attended her injured son day and night. 她日夜护理她受伤的儿子。
Being ill, he didn’t attend class. 他生病了，没有来上课。
【拓展1】attend to 照料；处理；应付
【拓展2】辨析：attend，take part in, join, join in
1. Why didn’t you _______ the talk last night?
2. He will _______ an important meeting tomorrow.
3. We’ll _______ social activities during the summer vacation.
4. You can _______ our art club. We are going to have a discussion this afternoon. Why not _______ us?
答案：1. join in。参加某种活动，如讨论、游戏等。
2. attend。参加会议、课程、讲演、婚礼等。
3. take part in。参加群众性活动，并起积极作用。
4. join；join。加入某个组织、机构，或join sb.，表示加入到某些人中一起做某事。
control
【点拨】control vt. & n. 控制，统治，克制，管理
搭配：
take control of 掌控 lose control of 失去控制
under the control of 在......的控制之中 beyond/ out of control无法控制
in control 在控制中 out of control 失控，不受控制
have control over 能够控制 bring ... under control 使……处于控制之中
The team is already beyond the captain’s control.
那个队已经不受队长的控制了。
He lost control of his temper. 他发火了。
The fire got out of control. 火势超出了控制。
The fire was finally brought under control. 火势终于被控制住。
absorb
【点拨】absorb vt. 吸收，吸引；使专心
搭配：
be absorbed in 全神贯注于……
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人注意
be absorbed into 被吸入（并入）
We should absorb what is good.
我们应当吸收好的东西。
Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.
汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
She was absorbed in that novel that she didn’t realize the food had got burned.
她沉浸在小说中，没有意识到食物都烧焦了。
Several small companies are absorbed into the big one.
几个小公司被并入了这家大公司。
blame
【点拨】blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任
搭配：
blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为（做）某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for (doing) sth． 因(做)某事应负责任，应受责备（主动表被动）
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.
他们因为计划延误而责备秘书。
The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving.
警方把交通事故的责任归咎于杰克开车不小心。
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
这场交通事故司机不应该受责备。
suspect
【点拨】suspect vt. 认为，怀疑 n. 嫌疑犯；可疑分子
搭配：suspect sth to be ... 怀疑……是
suspect sb of doing sth. 怀疑某人做了某事
They suspect him to be the murderer. 他们怀疑他是凶手。
She suspected him of taking her money. 她怀疑他拿走了钱。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu. 医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
【拓展】suspect和doubt
1. 接名词、代词或名词性词组时，两者基本上可通用。
2. 接that从句时，doubt 意为“无把握；不相信”。suspect 意为“有存在或属实的想法；相信”。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch. 我不相信他偷了我的手表。（信其无）
I suspect that he has stolen my watch. 我怀疑/猜想他偷了我的手表。（信其有）
3. doubt 用于肯定句中时，多接 whether/if 引导的从句，意义与 that 从句不同，表示“不敢肯定”。而 suspect 不可接这种从句。例如：
I doubt whether/if he'll come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。
contribute
【点拨】contribute v. 捐助，贡献
搭配：
contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to doing...导致……；向……投稿；有助于……
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
合理的运动量有助于健康。
He didn’t contribute one idea to the plan.
他对这个计划没有贡献一个点子。
It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum.
她很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。
【拓展】contribution n. 贡献；捐助
搭配：make a contribution to ... 为……作出贡献
This invention made a major contribution to road safety.
此项发明为道路安全做出重大贡献。
defeat
【点拨】defeat vt. 打败，战胜，使受挫 n. 失败
I defeated him in the contest and won the prize．
我在比赛中击败了他，赢得了奖赏。
The army was well-trained and well-armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.
这支部队装备精良而且又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有问题。
【拓展】defeat，win，beat
1. win表示“赢得”，后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品等，不接人。
2. beat和defeat后都接人作宾语，都可指在比赛中击败对手，defeat还指在战场上战胜对手。
3. beat还指连续的敲打或心脏的跳动等。
At the school sports meeting, my class defeated/ beat Class 3 and won the basketball match.
在学校运动会上，我们班击败三班，赢了篮球赛。
He was so nervous that he could feel his heart beating faster.
他很紧张，感到心跳得更快了。
convenience
【点拨】convenience
反义词：inconvenience n. 不方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for one’s convenience (of) 为了某人的方便
We bought this house for its convenience.
我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
Please come at your convenience.请在你方便的时候来。
【拓展】convenient adj. 便利的;适宜的（主语不可以是人，而用表示事物的词语或it）
Come and see me if it is convenient to you.
你如果方便就来看看我。
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
你明天方便开始工作吗?
influence
【点拨】influence n. 影响，有影响的人(或事) vt. 影响，改变
搭配：have an influence on/upon/over... 对……有影响
under the influence of 受到……的影响
区别：affect，influence，effect
1. He was _________ by Michelangelo later on.
2. Fear _______ some people by making them powerless to act.
3. The medicine had no ______ on him.
答案：1. influenced。influence指潜移默化的影响，可以是名词或动词。
2. affects. 产生的影响之大足以引起变化。
3. effect。effect可以作名词用，着重指影响的“结果、效力、作用”。注意搭配：have effect on，意为“对……有影响”。
arrange
【点拨】arrange vt. 安排，准备
注意：arrange常接事情，而不接具体的人或东西；若接具体的人或东西则需接介词for。
搭配：arrange for sb to do sth. 安排某人做某事
We’ll arrange for an experienced teacher / a taxi.
我们将安排一位有经验的教师/一辆计程车。
Would you like to arrange a personal interview?
你希望安排一次个别接见吗?
I’ve arranged for Mary to meet you at the airport.
我已经安排玛丽去机场接你。
delight
【点拨】delight n. 快乐;高兴;喜悦
vt.使高兴； 使欣喜
搭配：take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以……为乐
to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是……
be delighted at/by/ with… 因……而高兴
Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.
有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。
The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children.
电影《喜羊羊与灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得快乐。
【拓展】delighted adj. 高兴的（表示人的感觉）
delightful adj. 令人高兴的，讨人喜欢的，给人快乐的
The news was so delightful that we all felt delighted at it．
这个消息真让人高兴，我们都为之感到高兴。
error
【点拨】辨析：error，mistake，wrong，fault
1. mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误。
It was a mistake buying that house. 买那套房子是个错误。
2. error指违反某一标准做的错事，强调引起了问题或影响结果的错误。
He can’t forget the errors of his youth.
他忘不了他年轻时犯的错误。
I think you have made an error in calculating the total. 我想你计算总数时出了错误。
3. wrong 坏事、冤屈、犯罪 （作形容词时，表示“错误的”）
I have done you a great wrong. 我使你受了很大的委屈。
4. fault多指性格上的弱点，行为上的过失，强调对过失的应负的责任。
It 's my fault that we are late. 我们迟到是我的错。
thrill
【点拨】thrill vt.& vi. 使兴奋，使激动；使紧张;使毛骨悚然；使颤抖
n. 兴奋，激动；恐怖
He was thrilled by her conversation.
她的谈话使他很激动。
She was thrilled with terror when she saw the scene of the murder.
她看到凶杀现场时,吓得毛骨悚然。
The earthquake thrilled the land. 地震使大地颤动.
【拓展】thrilled adj. 兴奋的，激动的
thrilling adj.令人感到兴奋的
常用搭配：be thrilled at/about/with sth. 对……感到兴奋
a thrilling experience 一次激动人心的经历
We were thrilled to hear the news that you were admitted to that university.
听说你被录取到那所大学，我们都很兴奋。
available
【点拨】available adj. 可得到的，可利用的；有空的
常用结构：make ...available for sb. 为某人提供可用的……
be available (for...) 有空(做……)
注意1：available是多义词，用心体会下面句子中available的不同意思。
The university is trying to make more accommodation available for students.
这所大学正设法找更多的住处可以给学生用。
Will she be available this afternoon? 她今天下午有时间见我吗？
Tickets are available at the box office. 票房有票。
Sorry, no seats available. 对不起，没座了。
I doubt whether we can complete our contract in the time available / the available time.
我怀疑我们是否能在有效时间内完成合同。
impression
【点拨】impression n. 印象；感想；印记
搭配：have an impression of 对……有印象
make an impression on 给……留下印象The new teacher made a good impression on the students.
新教师给学生留下了一个好印象。
【拓展】impress vt. 使感动，使留下深刻印象，使铭记
搭配：impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事物
impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事物
搭配：be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻
The teacher impressed the importance of English on us.
老师让我们铭记(向我们强调)英语的重要性。
I was deeply impressed by/at/with his performance. 他的表演给我留下极深的印象。
remind
【点拨】remind v. 提醒；使想起
搭配：remind sb．of/about sth．提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
The picture reminds me of my college days．
这张照片使我想起了大学里的日子。
Remind me to write to the boss．
请提醒我给老板写信。
Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.
请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。
surroundings
【点拨】surroundings （复数）周围的事物；环境 （专指客观的自然环境）
The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.
这座房子坐落在很宜人的环境中。
【拓展1】surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
Police are still searching the town and surrounding areas for the child.
警方仍在小镇及周边地区搜寻那个小孩。
【拓展2】surround vt. 包围，环绕
We could see the buildings surrounded by trees.
我们可以看到绿树环绕的建筑物。
【拓展3】辨析：environment和surroundings
environment也表示“环境”，指对人的成长、情感、观念、伦理、道德、品行等产生影响的环境。surroundings 偏重于生活、居住的周围环境。
learning/Chinese speaking/bilingual/international environment 学习/说汉语的/双语/国际环境
lack
【点拨】) lack 缺乏；不足（可作名词或动词）
He did not enter university because of lack of money.
由于缺钱，他没有上大学。
He is good at his job but sometimes he seems to lack confidence.
他擅长自己的工作，但有时似乎缺乏信心。
Lack of sleep had made him irritable. 缺少睡眠使他很烦躁。
What we lack in this house is space to store things.
这个房子中我们缺少的东西是储存东西的地方。
【拓展】lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的
搭配：be lacking in ... 在……不足
Money was lacking for the plan. 此项计划缺钱。
You will not be lacking in support from me.你将得到我的帮助
He is lacking in courage. 他缺乏勇气。
instant
【点拨】instant n．瞬间，刹那　adj.立即的，立刻的
搭配：in instant need of help急需救助
in an instant立刻；马上
the instant, instantly 一……就…… （引导时间状语从句）
Please send me an email the instant you reach Sichuan.
你一到四川就给我发电子邮件。
The injured were in instant need of help.
那些伤者急需救助。
Instantly I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。
likely
【点拨】likely adj. 有可能的（主语可以是人或物）；adv. 很可能
搭配：
be likely to do... 可能做某事
It is likely that... 可能……
Aunt Lucy is likely to arrive at noon.
露西阿姨可能中午会到。
The opening ceremony is likely to take place next month.
开幕式有可能下个月举行。
It is likely that only the professor will go to the meeting.
有可能只有教授会去参加会议。
The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.
最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。
He says he just forgot about it. A likely story!
他说他只是忘了。煞有介事似的。（A likely story 表示“不相信”）
put forward
【点拨】put forward vt. 提出；提名；提前，把（表等）往前拨
助记：forward 有“向前”之意。而put构成的短语的意思都与其后的副词或介词关系很大。
试一试：
用含put的短语填空：（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）
①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.
②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.
③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.
④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.
⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.
答案：
① put forward ② put up ③ put out ④ put aside ⑤ put off
apart from
【点拨】apart from 除了
1. apart from的意思相当于besides，except或except for，还可以表示without。
Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.
除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。
Apart from the injures to his face and hands，he broke his left leg.
除了脸上和手上的伤，他左腿也骨折了。
Your composition is good, apart from some spelling mistakes．
你的作文写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.
实践出真知。
2. 同义短语：in addition to
In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants.
除了名单上名字外，还有另外六个求职者。
lead to和as a result (of)
【点拨1】lead to 导致，引起，通向（注意to是介词，其过去式、过去分词led）
The heavy rain led to a flood. 大雨导致了洪水。
The road leads you to the station. 这条路通往火车站。
Hard work leads to success. Laziness leads to failing the exam.
努力导致成功，懒惰导致考试不及格。
同义短语：表示“导致、引起”的词或短语：
cause，contribute to，result in
【拓展】lead v. 领(路)，指挥，(在比赛等中)领先，过(活)，通向
She led me into the drawing-room. 她带我进入客厅。
He leads his class in English. 他的英语成绩全班第一。
We lead a very quiet life. 我们过着非常安静的生活。
【点拨2】as a result (of) 作为……的结果，由于
It snowed, as a result, she was late. 天下雪, 因此她迟到了。
The train was delayed as the (a) result of the heavy rain. 由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。
【拓展】result from 起因于……
make sense
【点拨】make sense 说得通，有道理，有意义
注意：make sense of 理解；明白
She doesn't talk much, but what she says makes sense.
她说话不多，但说的都言之有理。
Can you make sense of what he said?
你能听懂他说的话吗？
The movie doesn't make any sense.
这个电影根本就是瞎编。
It still doesn't make sense to me. 我还是没明白。
Am I making sense?（比Do you understand? 客气得多）
我说明白了吗？
suggest + 从句
【点拨】suggest接的从句有两种情况：
1. 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。此时suggest 表示“建议”。
2. 从句谓语不用上述虚拟语气形式，此时suggest 表示“表明，显示”。
What do you suggest we should do now?
你说现在我们怎么办？
We suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.
我们建议他去向老师道歉。
What he said suggested that he didn’t agree with us.
他说的话表明他不同意我们的想法。
The decision suggested that he might bring his family.
这个决定表明他可以把家属带来。
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.
他脸上的表情表明他很生气。
【拓展】suggest vt. 建议，暗示，使想起
1. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
2. suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议（不能用suggest sb. sth.）
I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea. 我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。
He suggested a different plan to his boss. 他向老板提出了一个不同的计划。
have sth. done
【点拨】have sth. done 请别人来做某事；遭遇，经历
注意：此结构中宾语与宾语补足语是被动关系，用过去分词。
I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我请人补了牙。
I had my hat blown off.
我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。
I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.
下车时我的腿子摔断了。
【拓展】当宾语与宾语补足语是主动关系时：
1. have sb. do 使某人做某事 （对比：get sb. to do）
Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。
2. have sb./sth. doing让某人做某事，让某情况发生（有动作正在进行之意）
I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。
We can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。
refer to
【点拨】refer to 查阅，参考；谈到；适用于；涉及到
If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to the telephone directory.
如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查电话簿。
The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March.
老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。
These books refer to Asian problems.
这些书涉及到亚洲问题。
These regulations refer only to children.
这些规矩只适用于儿童。
Tom is going to refer the matter to the meeting.
汤姆打算把这件事提交到会议上去处理。
break away (from)和 break down
【点拨1】break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离；改掉(旧习惯)；破除(旧做法)
The thief broke away from the policeman.
小偷从警察那里逃脱了。
You must break away from such habits.
你必须改掉那些习惯。
【点拨2】break down 发生故障；（计划等）失败，破裂；（感情）控制不住，精神崩溃；中止；分解
The lift broke down，so we had to walk up the stairs．
电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。
When he heard his sentence，the man broke down．
听到判决，那人不禁号啕大哭。
take the place of
【点拨】take the place of 代替，取代
Some persons think that robots will take the place of human beings.
有些人认为机器人将会取代人类的地位。
Natural methods of pest control are now taking the place of chemicals/taking the chemicals’ place.
人们利用自然方法代替化学药剂来控制害虫。
对比：take place 发生
The accident took place only a block from my home. 事故发生地离我家只一个街区。
【拓展】in place of sth. /in sth.’s place 代替某物（介词短语）
I'll give the lesson in place of Mr. Lin. 我将代林老师上这节课。
对比：instead of 表示“代替”，与in place of替换，但表示“而不是”时，一般不替换。
People often use plastics in place of/instead of wood or metal.
人们常用塑料来代替木材和金属。
You should have some exercise instead of staying indoors all day long.
你应多锻炼身体，不要整天呆在家里。
take up
【点拨】take up 占去(时间/空间)；开始学习；从事……；继续；接受；拿起
This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。
She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她当上老师了。
For a long time I had wanted to take up writing. 很久以来我一直想从事写作。）
This chapter takes up where the last one left off. 本章接续上一章谈到的内容。
【拓展】相关短语
take back 收回，接回，退回 take down 写下，记下；拆下， 拆掉
take in 收留；包括；理解 take off 脱下；起飞；打折扣，扣掉，去掉
take on 聘用，雇用；呈现，显现 take over 接替，接管，继承
take sb (sth) for 把某人(物)当作……
lose sight of
【点拨】lose sight of 看不见catch sight of... 望见，看到…… come into sight 进入视野
at the sight of... 在看到……时 at first sight 乍一看
out of sight 看不见了，不被人看见 in/within sight 在视线内，可以被看见
试一试：
She saw them off, waving until the car was _________.
He _________ his hair in a mirror and got angry.
I watched the plane go higher and higher until I _________ it.
The mountain town _________ as we turned the last corner.
There were only three boats _________ now and they showed very low and far inshore.
答案：
1. out of sight 2. caught sight of 3. lost sight of 4. came into sight 5. in/within sight
sweep up和speed up
注意：up常表示“完成”或“向上”的含义。
【点拨1】sweep up打扫；横扫 (swept, swept)
The leaves were swept up into the air by the strong wind. 叶子被大风卷到了半空中。
【拓展】
sweep aside 放在一边，不予理会 sweep away 扫清，迅速消灭，冲走
sweep off 拂去，扫去 sweep across/through... (迅猛地)扫过，掠过(某地)
【点拨2】speed up (使)加快速度；(使)增加……速度（sped, sped或直接接-ed）
The train began to speed up. 火车开始加速。
【拓展】
at a/the speed of 以……的速度 run at full speed 以全速跑pick up speed 加快速度 with all great speed 以全速，开足马力at a high/low speed 以高速/低速 at (the) top speed 以最高速度speed limit 速度限制
be similar to
【点拨】be similar to 与……相似
对比：be similar in 在……相似
His views are similar to mine.
他的观点与我的很相似。
The two houses are similar in size.
两幢房子在面积方面是相似的。
They are similar to each other in appearance.
他们在长相上非常相似。
【拓展】类似短语：
be familiar to …对某人来说是熟悉的
be familiar with 某人对…很熟悉
as though/ as if
【点拨】as though/ if 似乎，好像
1. 从句用陈述语气，表示真实情况或极有可能发生的情况。
It sounds/ looks as if it’s going to rain. 听/看起来好像天要下雨了。
2. 从句用虚拟语气， 表示与事实相反。
She loves the boy as if she were his mother. （与现在事实相反，用过去时，be 用were）
她爱这个男孩儿好像她是他母亲一样。
He remembered everything as if had happened yesterday. （与过去事实相反，用had done）
他记得一切，好像昨天发生的一样。
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们谈呀，谈呀，好像再也不会见面一样。（与将来事实相反，would/ could/ might do）
3. as if引导从句时常省略，构成结构：as if+介词短语/to do/分词/名词
He opened his mouth as if to say something.
他张开嘴，好像要说什么。
疑问词+do you think +其余部分？
【点拨】此结构的“其余部分”如果是从句，要用陈述句语序。用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。
Who do you think is the tallest in your class?
你认为在你们班谁最高?
What do you believe matters when we take up the work?
你认为我们从事这项工作什么东西最要紧?
Which do you suppose will be taken away next？
你认为接下来被拿走的是哪一个？
How much do you think this radio will sell for?
你认为这台收音机会卖多少钱？
重点语法
过去分词的特点和作用
1. 过去分词相当于形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
You must drink the boiled water here, or you will fall ill. (定语)
在这里，你必须喝烧开的水，否则会生病。
The boy found himself lost in the forest．(宾语补足语)
那个男孩发现自己在森林里迷路了。
One of the glasses was found broken．(主语补足语)
有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress．(表语)
他很喜欢那礼服的式样。
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife．(状语)
那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
2. 过去分词与其逻辑主语是被动关系，时间上常表示已经完成，但是也可以表示模糊的时间概念。不及物动词的过去分词只表完成。
They should be kept informed of the situation there．应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
（informed是主语补足语，与其逻辑主语，即句子的主语是被动关系，但时间概念模糊）
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不怎么好。
（written是状语，与其逻辑主语this article是被动关系，且已经完成）
The old man is gathering fallen leaves．老人正在收集落叶。
（fallen是不及物动词变来的过去分词，只表示动作的完成）
过去分词与现在分词（动词的-ing形式）的区别
判断一个作定语、状语、补足语或表语的动词要用过去分词还是现在分词，要注意：
1.与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系。
☆ 如何确定分词的逻辑主语：一般是句子的主语，作宾语补足语是宾语，作定语是所修饰的名词。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. (逻辑主语是he，与laughed是被动关系)
尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
Returning home，the woman found all the windows broken.
(逻辑主语是the window，与broken是被动关系；而returning 与the woman是主动关系)
那位女子回到家，发现所有的窗玻璃都被打碎了。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
（逻辑主语Peter与sail是主动关系，用sailing）
我几乎无法想象彼得五天内驾船穿越了大西洋。
The experience gained will be of great value for us.
（逻辑主语是the experience，与gain是被动关系）
2. 不及物动词与谓语动作比较，是正在进行，还是已经完成。
The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.
第二天，她发现那个人躺在床上，死了。（发现时正躺着，与宾语是主动关系）
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. （changed表示“已经改变了”）
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
3. 注意：现在分词的被动形式与过去分词的区别
the problem being discussed 正在讨论的问题
（动词-ing形式一般式的被动语态，强调正在进行）
the problem discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题
（过去分词强调已经完成）
Having been explained many times，she still didn’t know what to do.
给她解释了好多次，他仍然不知道该做什么。
（动词-ing形式的完成时的被动语态，强调完成，此处只用explained语气就弱多了，注意having been done不能用作定语，只作状语）
综合运用
语法填空与分词
动词是语法填空的考查重点，包括动词的谓语和非谓语的用法，其中过去分词和动词-ing形式所占比例也很大。下面我们就从下面四个小题中体会一下如何做出此类题。
I. 做题技巧：
1. 确定是谓语还是非谓语。
2. 判断与其逻辑主语的主动或被动关系。
3. 如果是与逻辑主语是被动关系，注意是否要强调正在进行，或者已经完成，强调的话，可能要用动词-ing形式的两种被动语态形式。
4. 如果是非谓语动词，-ing形式表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成。
实例分析
1. (2018全国Ⅱ) The adobe dwellings (土坯房）______ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
分析：答案built。句子已经有了谓语动词are admired，build要作定语，表示“被……建造的土坯房”，与其逻辑主语The adobe dwellings是被动关系，用过去分词built。注意：动词-ing形式的被动语态的完成时having been done不能作定语，只作状语。
2. (2018 全国I) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong．
分析：答案living。句子不缺谓语动词（arranges），live只能用作非谓语形式，又因为people和live之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。
3. （2018上海）As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the same lady _____ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly.
分析：答案looking。谓语动词是saw。look要作the same lady的宾语补足语，是主动关系，用looking。
4. （2018上海）She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.
分析：答案shocked。shock意为“使……震惊”，要表示“我拿过来东西”时的状态，应该用非谓语动词作状语，shock与“I”是被动关系，所以用shocked，表示“感到震惊”。
作文写作技巧---分词
许多同学都想书面表达题能拿个高分，高分就需要好的表达方式，而用分词就是写出好句子的方法之一。一般情况下，同学们写句子都是先有汉语的，如：
当我们听到这个消息，我们立刻动身去了那家博物馆。
When they heard the news, they immediately set off for the museum.
这个句子不错，但是还可以更好，更简洁明快，还可以让你的短语的句子不那么单一。如可以写成：
Hearing the news, we immediately set off for the museum.（注意they与heard的主动关系）
下面就看看这些句子的翻译吧，你可以先遮住答案，自己先试一试。
1. 尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best .
Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.
2. 因为在这国家又没有朋友，她觉得要想找到工作是不可能的。
Because she has no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job.
Having no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job.
3. 发现学生下午昏昏欲睡的样子，老师竭尽所能来激发(arouse)他们的兴趣。
The teacher found students sleepy in the afternoon and did everything he could to arouse their interest.
Finding students sleepy in the afternoon, the teacher did everything he could to arouse their interest.
4. 这本用简易英语写成的书很容易读懂。
The book, which was written in simple English, is easy to understand.
The book , written in simple English, is easy to understand.
5. 我受伤很严重，都站不起来了。
I was seriously injured. I couldn’t stand up.
I was injured so seriously that I couldn’t stand up.
Seriously injured, I couldn’t stand up.
6. 这座庙是1000年前建立的，每年有成千的人去那里参观。
The temper was built 1,000 years ago. The temper is visited by thousands of people every year.
The temper, (which is) built 1,000 years ago, is visited by thousands of people every year.
阶段测试
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She lives in a pleasant neighborhood and enjoys her________(环境)．
2．To our pity，the project had to be abandoned for________(缺乏) of funds.
3．His first speech as president made a strong________(印象) on his audience.
4．Keeping an________(乐观的) state of mind is good for health.
5．He couldn’t________(容忍) the noise downtown so he decided to move to the countryside.
6．They have no children together，but each has a son from a________(从前的)marriage.
7．The cruel and________(贪婪的) woman was punished by the two boys.
8. 1．“I am not to blame anyone, but to ________ (澄清) what happened，” he said.
9. China ________ (实现) the Twelve Five－Year Plan smoothly in spite of the financial crisis.
10. A police car jogged along on the ________ (粗糙的) path to the village.
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The English teacher was angry when he caught the student _______ (cheat) in exams.
2. He continued to walk up and down，___________ (lost) in thought．
3. People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo.
4. With the problem ___________ (solve)，the meeting came to an end.
5. When I got there, I found him _________ (repair) farm tools.
6. On these questions，we have made our views ___________ (understand)．
7. When ___________ (turn) on，the radio still does not work．
8. Once___________ (recover)，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
9. ___________ (see) his mother，the baby burst into tears．
10. There was a terrible noise _______ (follow) the sudden burst of Tight.
11. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own.
III. 完成句子
1．卡通连续剧《喜羊羊与灰太狼》给孩子们留下了很好的印象。
The cartoon series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf ______________all the boys and girls.
2．因为缺乏兴趣，这次旅行被取消了。
The trip was cancelled for______________.
3．他毕业后就开始从事新闻工作。
After he left school，he ______________ journalism.
4．乍看起来，这房子似乎空无一人。
______________，the house seemed to be empty.
5. 母亲下班回家的时候，他正躺在沙发上专心致志地看书。
When his mother came home from work, he was lying on the so___________________.
6. 接触不同的语言和文化对孩子们大有裨益。
________________________ different languages and cultures does a lot of good to children.
7. 我认为出了事不能怪姐姐而应该怪我。
I think that it is I rather than my sister _____________________ for what happened.
8. 他退休前常捐赠食物和衣服给红十字会。
He often __________ food and clothing _______ the Red Cross before he retired.
9. 我们把落叶堆在角落里，然后把地打扫干净。
Let’s pile up the fallen leaves in the corner and________ ________the ground.
10. 为了不让野兽接近,我们让火通宵达旦地燃烧着。
In order to keep wild animals away, we _____________ all night long.
IV. 翻译句子，在适当的地方使用动词-ing形式和过去分词。
（以下句子都来自于模拟考试的书面表达范文）
1. 干完所有的活后，我们树了个牌子，提醒人们要保护树木。
2. 发现她引起了交通事故，那个女子把汽车加速逃跑了。
3. 看见这个情景，一个男孩立刻把她背在背上，在几个学生帮助下，到了诊所。
4. 早晨，我们骑着自行车去郊外种树，一路上说说笑笑。
5. 我们爬到塔顶，看到一片美景。
6. 因为对那壮观的建筑物印象很深，我们拍了很多照片。（impress）
7. 我们制作了一块公告板，上面写着“D-strong”。
8. 我被奶奶熟练的（delicate）作品所吸引，我迫不及待地要尝试一下。
9. 让我们一起探索文学巨匠创造的神奇和魅力（magic and charm）的世界。
10. 我们挥手向他们告别，感到非常高兴能够陪伴那些孩子。（delight）
V. 完形填空
（2018 山东潍坊重点中学月考）
When he was a small boy, he had loved butterflies. Now a grown man with his first son to be born in a few weeks, he found __1__ once again fascinated with a cocoon. He had __2__ it at the side of the park path. Somehow the twig had been knocked from the tree and the cocoon had __3__ undamaged and still woven to the branch.
As he had seen his mother do, he __4__ protected it by wrapping it in his handkerchief and carried it home. The cocoon found a __5__ home in a jar with holes in the lid. The man __6__ it every day. One day, for the first time, the cocoon moved. He watched more closely and soon the cocoon was trembling with activity. Nothing else __7__. The cocoon remained tightly glued to the twig and there was no __8__ of wings.
Finally the shaking became so __9__， and the man thought the butterfly would die from the __10__. He removed the lid on the jar, took a sharp pen knife from his desk drawer, and __11__ made a tiny slit in the side of the cocoon. Almost immediately, one wing appeared and then outstretched the other. The butterfly was __12__！
It seemed to __13__ its freedom and walked along the edge of the jar. But it didn’t fly. At first the man thought the __14__ needed time to dry, but time passed and still the butterfly did not __15__.
The man was worried and called up his neighbor who __16__ high school science. He told the neighbor __17__ he had found the cocoon, placed it in the mason jar, and the terrible trembling as the butterfly struggled to get out. When he __18__ how he had carefully made a small slit in the cocoon，the teacher stopped him, “Oh, that is the __19__.You see，the struggle is what gives the butterfly the strength to fly.”
And so it is with us. Sometimes it’s the struggles in life that __20__us the most.
1．A. myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself
2．A. searched B．found C．raised D．pulled
3．A. hidden B．appeared C．existed D．survived
4．A. gently B．quickly C．partly D．easily
5．A. wonderful B．temporary C．forever D．luxurious
6．A. met B．noticed C．recognized D．watched
7．A. helped B．arose C．happened D．proved
8．A. sign B．mark C．signal D．scene
9．A. nervous B．weak C．terrible D．strong
10．A. beat B．struggle C．quarrel D．fight
11．A. confidently B．finally C．carefully D．proudly
12．A. free B．different C．happy D．alive
13．A. hate B．share C．desire D．enjoy
14．A. arms B．wings C．feet D．hands
15．A. take off B．get down C．bring up D．come out
16．A. searched B．invented C．taught D．observed
17．A. where B．how C．when D．why
18．A. explained B．imagined C．expressed D．described
19．A. reason B．purpose C．excuse D．evidence
20．A. strike B．trouble C．strengthen D．encourage
VI. 阅读理解
（2018 重庆高考）
It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because the care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
1．According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to ______.
A．determine one’s behavior B．reflect one’s taste
C．influence one’s surroundings D．result from one’s habits
2．Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A．The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.
B．A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C．One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D．One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
3．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A．We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B．We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C．Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D．Our characters can shape our social relationships.
4．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A．Personalities and attitudes. B．Preferences and habits.
C．Behavior and personalities. D．Attitudes and preferences.
VII. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Odysseus is a literary figure in the Odyssey __1__ (write) by Homer. He rejected the comfortable life of a Greek king and made a promise to help another Greek leader, Menelaus, to get __2__ wife back. But the war __3__ (drag) on and on and he was away from his family for ten years. During this time the fortunes of the war were so __4__ (change) that no one could predict __5__ would win. Odysseus became tired of the war and the delay in Troy. He urgently wanted to return home, so __6__ the Greek kings had their regular weekly meeting, he suggested that they take __7__ opportunity to trick the Trojans. The Greeks built a giant wooden horse so that men could hide inside it. The Greeks then pretended to leave abroad their ships as if they __8__ (courage) by the length of the war. The Trojans blessed their God __9__ their good fortune and prepared to celebrate. That night the men climbed out of the horse and opened the city gates to the Greek army. The Trojans awoke to the boom of the warning bell __10__ (announce) a Greek victory. So the war ended but the punishment of the Trojan people was only just beginning.
答案与解析：
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. surroundings 2.lack 3.impression 4.optimistic 5.tolerate
6.previous 7.greedy 8.clarify 9.accomplished 10.rough
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1. cheating 2. lost 3. made 4. solved 5. repairing 6. understood 7. turned
8. recovered （不及物动词） 9. Seeing 10. following 11. to learn, forgetting
III. 完成句子
1. made a good impression upon/on 2. lack of interest 3. took up 4．At first sight
5. absorbed in reading 6. Being exposed to 7. that/who am to blame
8. contributed; to 9. sweep up 10. had the fire burning
IV. 用分词翻译句子
1. Having finished all the work /After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees.
2. Finding she had caused an accident, the woman sped her car to flee away.
3. Seeing this, one of the boys immediately carried her on the back, with the help of some other students, to the clinic.
4. In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way.
5. Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a wonderful view.
6. Impressed by the splendid construction, we took many photos.
7. We made a poster with "D-strong" written on it.
8. Attracted by Grandma’s delicate works, I couldn’t wait to have a try.
9. Let’s explore together the world of magic and charm created by the literary giant!
10. We waved goodbye to them and felt delighted to be able to accompany those children.
V. 完形填空
文章大意：一个人发现了一个即将破茧的蚕蛹，于是把它放进一个坛子里。当他看到蚕蛹破茧时的痛苦和挣扎，就拿来一把刀把蚕茧割开，让蝴蝶出来，可是好几天过去了，蝴蝶竟然不会飞翔……。
1. C。根据下文中的He had ___2__ it at the side of the park path.可知，此处指他自己 (himself)。
2．B。联系下文中的Somehow the twig had been knocked from the tree，可知他是在路边发现(found)茧的。误解分析：易误选A项，search的意思是“搜寻”，与文意不符。
3．D。结合句中的knocked和undamaged等语境可以推知，此处指它活下来了(survived)且没有受伤。
4．A。根据下文中的The man __6__ it every day及语境可知他对茧的关心，所以他很温和地(gently)把它包起来。
5．B。茧子原来在树上，破茧后要到处飞翔，故此处指暂时的(temporary)家。
6．D。根据下文中的One day，for the first time，the cocoon moved.等语境可以推知，他每天都观察茧子。
7．C。联系下文中的The cocoon remained tightly glued to the twig and there was no ___8__of wings可知，茧子只是颤动，并没有发生(happened)别的事情，也就是破茧飞出。
8．A。作者看到茧子一直在挣扎，也没有飞出的征兆(sign)，所以才发生了下段中的事情。
9．D。根据句中的the man thought the butterfly would die from the __10__可知，茧子的颤动很激烈(strong)。
10．B。联系上文中的the shaking等信息可以推知，这个人认为蝴蝶会死于挣扎(struggle)。
11．C。他一直很关心茧子，也一直很照顾它，由此可知他很小心地(carefully)把茧子割开了一道口子。
12．A。他用刀把茧子割开了一道口子，蝴蝶当然很快就获得自由(free)了。
13．D。蝴蝶不用挣扎了，看起来也很享受(enjoy)它的自由。
14．B。蝴蝶飞行需要翅膀，由此可知，这里指蝴蝶的翅膀(wings)变干燥需要时间。
15．A。根据上文中的But it didn’t fly可知，时间过去了，但是蝴蝶还是不能起飞(take off)。
16．C。根据下文中的the teacher stopped him可知，邻居是教(taught)高中科学的老师。
17．B。因为蝴蝶不能飞，所以他向邻居介绍，包括怎么(how)发现蝴蝶等。
18．D。联系上文中的He told the neighbor可知，这里指他描述(described)他的做法。
19．A。结合上文中的When he described how he had carefully made a small slit in the cocoon可知，这是老师所指的原因(reason)。
20．C。根据上文中的the struggle is what gives the butterfly the strength to fly可知，这里指生活中的挣扎能使得我们更有力量(strengthen)。
VI. 阅读理解
文章大意：本文为议论文，题材为社会生活类。作者对人的行为和性格之间的关系进行了探讨。最后用Kurt Vonnegut的一句话进行了总结：我们将自己伪装成什么，我们就是什么。所以，当我们伪装时，一定要谨慎呀！
1. A。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，通常认为人们的行为方式取决于他们的性格和态度。那反过来说就是：一个人的性格和态度决定了他的行为方式。故选A。
2. A。推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，正如社会心理学家Daryl Bem所说的，毋庸置疑，人的行为来自于我们的内在性情，但是在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们自己的行为来推断出我们是怎样的人的结论：四个选项中只有A项表示的是一种行为暗示出人的性格，而其他三个选项均不符合。
3. B。推理判断题。画线的这一句是对上一句话的举例说明，画线处前面一句话是说：我们的行为经常受到我们周围小的压力的影响，这一点我们认识不到。B项与画线句意义一致，故选B。
4. C。主旨大意题；从第一段第一句阐述大家通常认为行为和性格的关系，到第二段Daryl Bem提出通过一个人的行为也能看出他的性格，第三段提到我们的行为也受到周围压力的影响，第四段通过Kurt Vonnegut的一句话强调了两者之间的关系。所以本篇文章主要讲的是行为和性格，故选C。
VII. 语法填空
1. written。 考查非谓语动词。Odyssey和write 之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。
2. his。 his 在这里指的是Menelaus’s。
3. dragged。 整篇文章都用一般过去时，drag on and on：战争一直拖延着。
4. changeable。 be 动词were后面要接形容词，表示情况是容易变的。
5. who。没有人能预料谁会赢。
6. when。时间状语从句，当……的时候。
7. an。考查冠词的用法 opportunity 前面用不定冠词 an。
8. were discouraged。被动语态，就好像他们被战争挫伤了积极性一样。
9. for。介词的用法，为了他们的好运而祈祷。
10. announcing。the warning bell宣告了希腊的胜利，前后是主动关系。