（人教版）必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement话题语言应用--“成功女性”写作训练

语言积累
交际用语
描述他人情况（Describing people）
What does she look like? 她长什么样？
Why do you admire her? 你为什么赞赏她？
What did she do to impress you most?
How would you describe her?
Why did she choose to…?
What are her strengths/weakness?
Can you give an example to show…?
She is hardworking.
描述人的形容词：
energetic 精力充沛的 active 积极的，活跃的 determined 坚定的 kind 仁慈的
intelligent 有智力的 generous 慷慨的 helpful 能帮忙的 fair 公平的
modest 谦逊的 confident 有信心的 brave 勇敢的 honest 诚实的
unselfish 无私的 devoted 忠诚的，专心的 considerate 体谅的，深思熟虑的
educated 受过教育的 warm-hearted好心的
话题词句
Get to know some women of achievement in the world
Who is she? She was a Quaker. She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisons and gave prisoners work and education. Her work helped the Quakers get the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947.
She was Dr Sun Yat-sen's wife, who was one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history. She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially China Welfare Institute for women and children.
She is an American. She helped find an international campaign to stop the use of landmines. She worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. She and her organization were given the Nobel Peace Prize in l997.
She was a Chinese, a doctor who became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. Her work encouraged many other women to become doctors.
Lin Qiaozhi (l90l--l983), China
1983 died, leaving her
body for medical research
As a young girl, she always wanted to study animals. She went to Africa and studied chimps. Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings. She works to protect chimps everywhere.
Which of them do you think is a great woman?
1. Elizabeth FryAmbition: To help improve prison conditionsProblems: She was criticized for neglecting her family and enjoying fame.Sacrifices: Less time was spent with her husband and family.2. Song ChinglingAmbition: To work for civil rights, democracy and peaceProblems: Her relatives held political opinions completely different from hers.Sacrifices: After her husband died, she lived alone.3. Jody WilliamsAmbition: To prevent the making and use of landminesProblems: It isn’t easy to work with groups in different countries and persuade government to stop the making and use of landmines.Sacrifices: She has lost her own personal time because of the demands of the job.4. Jane GoodallAmbition: To work with animals in the wild Problems: She lived a hard life in the wild.Sacrifices: She gave up the comforts of life to study the chimps.5. Joan of ArcAmbition: To drive the English from FranceProblems: Women were not allowed to fight like a man.Sacrifices: She lost her life. What do these great women have in common?1. Work hard at their chosen careers.2. Stick to their idea without any withdrawal.3. Overcome all sorts of difficulties.4. Give up things like families or life to achieve their ambition.5.Make great contributions to the society.
Alfred Nobel 阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器). Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will (愿望，遗嘱). According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund (基金). He wanted the interest (利润) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
拓展阅读
Madame Curie
Madame Curie was born Maria Sklodowski in Warsaw, Poland in 1867, the youngest of five children. When she was born, Poland was controlled by Russia. Her parents were teachers, and she learned at an early age the importance of education. Her mother died when she was young, and when her father was caught teaching Polish - which had been made illegal under the Russian government. Manya, as she was called, and her sisters had to get jobs. After a couple of failed jobs, Manya became a tutor to a family in the countryside outside Warsaw. She enjoyed her time there, and was able to send her father money to help support him, and also send some money to her sister Bronya in Paris who was studying medicine. Bronya eventually married another medical student and they set up practice in Paris. The couple invited Manya to live with them and study at the Sorbonne - a famous Parisian University. In order to fit in better at the school, Manya changed her name to the French "Marie." Marie studied physics and mathematics and quickly received her masters' degrees in both subjects. She remained in Paris after graduation and started research on magnetism. For the research she wanted to do, she needed more space than her small lab. A friend introduced her to another young scientist, Pierre Curie, who had some extra room. Not only did Marie move her equipment into his lab, Marie and Pierre fell in love and married. A friend of the Curies, A. Henri Becquerel, had been playing with recently discovered properties of the element uranium. He talked to Pierre and Marie about those properties and they became interested in them too. Marie Curie set about investigating the effect, which she named "radio-activity" for her Doctorate research. Marie Curie checked many other elements to determine whether they too were radioactive. She found one, thorium, and also came across a source of radiation in a mixture called "pitch-blend" which was much more powerful than either thorium or uranium. Working together, it took Marie and Pierre four years to isolate the radioactive source in the pitch-blend. Marie named it radium. For the discovery of radium, Marie and Pierre won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, which they shared with their friend A. Henri Becquerel. Shortly, Marie found that what she had discovered was not pure radium, but she was able to isolate the element itself after quite a struggle. For this work, she was given the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. During her work, Marie discovered radiation could kill human cells. She reasoned that if it could kill healthy human cells, it could kill diseased human cells and went about isolating radium for use in killing tumors. In 1906 Pierre Curie was offered the position of director of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne. Before he could take the position, however, he was run over by a carriage and killed. After her husband died, Marie was offered and took the position, the first woman to become director of a research laboratory. During the first World War, Marie Curie went to work for the French building and designing X-ray machines. Knowing that moving soldiers to a hospital before they needed surgery was not always possible, she designed the first mobile X-ray machine and traveled with it along the front lines during the war. On July 4, 1934, Marie Curie died in Paris, killed by her own experiments. She died of radiation poisoning and may have been the first person to do so. Marie Curie had brought herself up from poverty, struggling to get her education and succeeding brilliantly. The work she did, she did with patience, often getting results only after years of careful experimentation, while struggling for money to support her work. For her struggles, she received two Nobel Prizes - the first woman to win even one. Through the knowledge she gained, thousands of lives have been saved. Great knowledge, however, is often a two-edged sword. Without the work she did we might not have many modern cancer treatments, or atomic clocks, or even the computer you're viewing this on. But through her work on radioactivity she can also be thought of as the mother of the atomic bomb.
写作运用
写作指导
Write a description of a person
本单元的写作要求为描述一位伟人，尤其是本单元提到的伟大女性林巧稚。描述人物一般包括如下部分：
第一段：介绍该人物的基本信息和重要成就。
第二段：详述他（她）的个性特征及具体在哪些方面取得了哪些成就。如果内容较多，可以
多分几个自然段。
最后一段：介绍别人对他（她）的看法或评价。
写作步骤：
Step 1 Organize ideas（组织要写的主要内容）
Step 2 Make an outline （大致安排各个段落的内容）
Step 3 Write a rough draft（准备各段落的主题句及支撑主题句的内容）
Step 4 Add details （补充细节，使各段的主题句及支撑句有条理地组织起来）
写作范例
Structure: 1. Your point of view (your general idea of Ling Qiaozhi)
2. Reasons and supporting details
3. Conclusion
Beginning (general idea of LQz)：Basic information of LQz (e.g. career); qualities; topic sentence
Body part (reasons and details)：First of all, … / Besides, … / What’s more … / Finally, …
Ending (conclusion)：In a word / Generally speaking / Therefore, …
A sample: Lin Qiaozhi --- a great woman
Lin Qiaozhi was a famous doctor of women’s diseases. She was very gentle, kind, considerate, selfless and devoted. She was really a great woman of China.
First of all, she worked very hard, for she was always busy in delivering babies, studying abroad and writing books. Also, she stuck to her dream of being a doctor although it was difficult for women to get medical training at that time. What’s more, she gave up many important things like having a family of her own. The most important thing is that she made great contributions to the society. As a specialist, she helped deliver many children as well as wrote books to protect mothers and babies.
In a word, Lin Qiaozhi is our good example. We should also work hard to achieve our own success.
写作训练
Sample 1
请根据下列提示写一篇中国人民的伟大朋友史沫特莱（Agnes Smedley）的短文。
1. 史沫特莱（1894-1950）是美国进步记者和作家，中国人民的伟大朋友。
2. 她出身于一个工人阶级家庭，童年几乎没什么正规教育，后靠自学成才。
3. 她对中国人民热爱，对中国革命支持。
4. 在抗战期间她访问延安和前线（她首次以记者身份来华时1928年，此后在中国呆了十二、三年）。
5. 她后来因病回国。 因美国政府阻挠她未能再次返回中国。
6. 她逝世于伦敦。她一生写了许多关于中国的著作。
参考词汇：抗日战争 the war of Resistance Against Japan
参考答案：
Agnes Smedley（1894-1950）was a progressive American journalist and writer. She was a great friend of the Chinese people.
She was born in an American working class family. She had little formal educational during her childhood but later received her college education almost through her self-study. She loved the Chinese people deeply and supported the Chinese revolution. She first came to China as a journalist in 1928. Since then she had spent more than 10 years in China helping the Chinese people to struggle to win the war of Resistance against Japan. Because of illness, she returned to the U.S.A. She was prevented from coming back to China by the US government.
She died in London in 1950 and she expressed her love for China in her many books on China.
Sample 2
（2018 北京西城期末）
假如你是高一（1）班学生李华。你校校报英文版正在开展“My Hero”的文章征集活动。请你根据以下有关我国网球选手李娜的情况写一篇稿件，向校报投稿。
参考词汇：
教练：coach 大满贯女子单打冠军：the first Grand Slam singles champion
姓名
李娜
性别
女
出生日期、地点
1982年，湖北
职业
著名女子网球选手
经历
6岁开始训练，并表现出对网球的兴趣。后来在丈夫的鼓励和教练的帮助下，刻苦训练，不断提高自己的技术水平，并取得了很大的进步。
成绩
亚洲第一位大满贯女子单打冠军得主
爱好
读书、旅行。
参考范文
In my heart, Li Na is a real hero. She is the most famous woman tennis player from China. She was born in February, 1982 in Hubei Province. At the age of 6, she began to train.
As a little girl, she expressed a keen interest in playing tennis. With her husband's encouragement and the help of her coach, she worked really hard to improve her tennis skills and made rapid progress later on. Her efforts paid off at last! She became the first Grand Slam singles champion in Asia!
In her spare time, she likes reading and travelling. Her strong will and diligence bring her greatness and respect.
Sample 3
（2018 北京高考）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1．该人物是谁；
2．该人物的主要贡献；
3．该人物对你的影响。
注意：词数不少于50；
参考范文：
Dear Jim，
It’s great to hear from you．I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
As for my favourite figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty．He，in his book，Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World)，introduced modern technologies and ideas to China．That opened our eyes to the world．In fact，he inspires me to major in English in college to be a bridge between China and the world.
Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.
Cheers!
Yours，
Li Hua
巩固练习
单项选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
1．Don’t _______ a person only because has failed in an examination．
A．look up B．look down C．look down on D．look up to
2．It was with great joy _______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found．
A．because B．which C．since D．that
3．Although the working mother is very busy，she still _______ a lot of time to her children．
A．devotes B．spends C．offers D．provides
4．Each of the students，working hard at his or her lessons，_______ to go to university．
A．hove B．hopes C．hoping D．hoped
5．It was because of his absence ________ the meeting had to be put off．
A．so B．so that C．why D．that
6．_______ he had never worked so hard in his life．
A．It seemed to me that B．He seemed as if
C．There seemed that D．He seemed like
7．He spent all his free time _______ the sick old man．
A．caring for B．caring about C．caring D．caring of
8．—Would you like to have tea or coffee?
—_______．
A．Either will do B．Neither do I C．Yes，please D．It doesn’t matter
9．_______ with the studies of all his students Mr. Johnson went to school as soon as he finished the meeting．
A．Concerning B．Concerned C．To concern D．Being concerned
10．If you wish for _______ explanation，you had better apply in person to the chief of police．
A．further B．farther C．farthest D．furthest
11．Bluebird，the car he was driving，had been _______ made for him．
A．specially B．especially C．usually D．hardly
12．The police _______ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre．
A．is searching for B．were searching for C．are searching for D．were searching
13．He was an _______ poet at that time and his _______ poems spread through all the country．
A．inspired；inspired B．inspiring；inspired
C．inspired；inspiring D．inspiring；inspiring
14．Only _______ a human being．
A．when is it hungry a lion will attack B．when it is hungry a lion will attack
C．when it is hungry will a lion attack D．when is it hungry will a lion attack
15．Walk to work every day and you’ll soon be back in _______．
A．situation B．condition C．position D．attention
16. With the help of __________ people，I can be more successful in volunteer work.
A．serious B．generous C．nervous D．dangerous
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
The following Monday Steve arrived at school on time，and he waited for Miss White to enter the classroom．She 16 ，all smiles! God，she was beautiful! He yearned(渴望) for her smile to 17 on him．It did not．
Miss White，immediately，gave a quiz on the weekend homework．Steve 18 the test，and was the first to hand in his paper．With a look of 19 ，Miss White took his paper．Obviously puzzled，she began to look it over．Steve walked back to his 20 ，his heart pounding within his chest．As he sat down，he couldn’t resist(忍住) another look at the 21 woman．
Miss White’s face was in total 22 ! She glanced up at Steve，then down，then up．Suddenly，her face broke into a complete 23 ．The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first 24 !
From that moment 25 was the same for Steve．Life at home
remained the same，hut life still 26 ．He discovered that not only could he 27 ，but he was good at it! He discovered that he could understand and get 28 ，and that he could translate the things he learned into his own life．Steve began to excel(优秀)! And he continued this 29 throughout his school life．
After high-school Steve enlisted(参加) in the Navy，and he had a(n) 30 military career．During that time，he met the love of his life，he 31 a family，and he graduated from college Magna Cum Laude．During his Naval career，he 32 many young people，who without him，might not have believed in themselves．Steve began a second 33 after the Navy，and he continues to inspire others，as an adjunct(助手) professor in a nearby college．
Miss White left a great legacy(遗产)．She 34 one boy who has changed many lives．I know．because I and the love of his life．
You see，it’s 35 ，really．A change took place within the heart of one boy，all because of one teacher，who cared．
16．A．walked in B．passed by C．looked out D．moved out
17．A．rely B．turn C．mind D．try
18．A．looked through B．glanced through C．hurried through D．went through
19．A．unbelief B．joy C．surprise D．sadness
20．A．room B．blackboard C．paper D．desk
21．A．lovely B．strict C．maths D．young
22．A．happiness B．shock C．anger D．disappointment
23．A．laughter B．cries C．smile D．amazement
24．A．paper B．test C．seat D．class
25．A．everything B．everybody C．nobody D．nothing
26．A．changed B．passed C．improved D．stayed
27．A．learn B．write C．listen D．speak
28．A．information B．skills C．knowledge D．grades
29．A．subject B．course C．test D．speed
30．A．easy B．hard C．long D．successful
31．A．left B．raised C．support D．met
32．A．inspired B．taught C．helped D．liked
33．A．school B．service C．career D．life
34．A．loved B．saved C．treated D．hated
35．A．simple B．important C．difficult D．necessary
阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
There are only 12 shopping days until Christmas，and the British public is going present-shopping crazy．But some parents might have left it too late to buy the present their child really wants for Christmas．
Every year there seems to be a certain craze which sweeps across Britain，whether through clever marketing or peer pressure(同龄人压力)，so that practically every child in the country wants the same thing for Christmas．
Of course，with thousands of parents trying to make their child’s Christmas，it’s quite easy for the most popular presents to get sold out before everyone can buy one．This leads to parents going to extraordinary lengths to find the desired gift．
In past years，the most favoured toys have included Tracy Island，from the“Thunderbirds”TV series，and Buzz Light year，from the“Toy Story”film．This year must-have present is the Nintendo Wii，an indication that British children are becoming more and more technologically savvy(有见识的)．
Other presents which are expected to top Christmas wish-lists this year are several toys related to TV program，such as popular science-fiction series“Doctor Who”．and pre-school sense“In the Night Garden”，as well as the main character from the“Transformers”movie．
As parents desperately(拼命地) search shops and online retailers(零售商) for the gifts their children want，some people are cashing in．Those who predicted the trends bought some of the top presents earlier in the year，and can now sell them for great profits online．
Special stock-check websites have been set up to warn parents as soon as a certain item becomes available anywhere．But with so many people signed up it’ll still be a race against time to buy the toys before they sell out again．
Some children will inevitably(不可避免地) be disappointed on Christmas morning，but let’s hope that the chocolates，Christmas dinner and the many other presents will make up for it．
36．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Must-have Toys
B．How to Do Shopping Before Christmas
C．What Presents Suit Your Children
D．A Good Time to Earn Money
37．From the writer’s opinion，almost all the children in Britain need _______．
A．different gifts according to their own interest
B．the same thing because of some influences such as TV，or films
C．Tracy Island or Buzz Light year
D．presents liked by their parents
38．What’s the underlined phrase“crashing in”in the sixth paragraph mean?
A．Come in quickly．
B．Get to buy presents．
C．Change presents into money．
D．Hurry to make money．
39．Why some children will be disappointed?
A．Because the presents they want have been sold out before their parents can buy them．
B．Because the presents are too expensive to buy．
C．Because their parents won’t meet their needs．
D．Because their love for the presents will change soon．
B
How to Build a Windbreak to Protect Soil
Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land against damage from farming and the forces of nature．One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks．
Windbreaks are barriers(栅栏) formed by trees and other plants with many leaves．Farmers plant them in lines around their fields．
Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away．They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops．They are very important for growing grains，such as wheat．
There have been studies done on windbreaks．Studies in parts of West Africa，for example，found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks．This was compared to fields without such protection．
Windbreaks can help protect a farmer’s land．However，windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through．If the wall of trees and plants blocks the wind completely，then violent air motions will take place close to the ground．These motions cause the soil to lift up into the air where it will be blown away．
For this reason，a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line．
An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak．
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak．One line should be large trees．The second line，fight next to it，can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves．Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks．
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind．They can also provide wood products．These include wood for fuel and longer pieces for making’ fences．
40．What does the underlined word “conservation” mean in the passage?
A．Damage． B．Protection． C．Force． D．Harvest．
41．What do farmers use windbreaks for?
A．To keep animals from getting into the fields．
B．To keep water in their fields．
C．To prevent their soil blowing away and wind destroying the crops．
D．To get more trees．
42．According to the passage what is a best windbreak?
A．One with no breaks between trees or plants．
B．One with plants which have many leaves．
C．One with certain breaks between trees and plants．
D．One with as many trees or plants as possible．
43．What’s the purpose of the writer in writing the passage?
A．To tell us why farmers build windbreaks around the fields．
B．To tell us how to get a higher harvest．
C．To let us know there are usually windbreaks around the fields．
D．To tell us how important it is to keep soil and crops．
C
Courses
Meeting your needs
We understand that our students are of different age-groups and abilities，Come from different backgrounds and have different personal and professional reasons for wishing to improve their language skills．Small class sizes（maximum 10 students）ensure that individual learning needs can be satisfied．
Confidence-building environment
Our highly qualified，friendly staff will ensure that when you come on one of our courses，you will be treated as an individual(个体) and will be provided with the opportunity to learn language skills at a level and pace which suits you．In this，way，you can feel sure that we will enable you to maximise(最佳化) your learning potential(潜能)，while making sure you always feel comfortable and confident to communicate in the language you have chosen to study．
Course Length
There is no fixed coulee length，as we feel it is important to be flexible(灵活的)，in order that students Can decide what period of study suits them best．Providing there is a free time at an appropriate(适当的) level，students can come and learn at our school for a period of a week．Why not sign for your first week now? We’re confident you’ll be coming back for more!
Course types
We offer a full range of group and one to one courses，at all ability levels．Most of our courses are taught in-house at our school in Richmond however we can also organise in-house training for your organization．We offer a range of full time General English courses，English exam courses leading to a recognized qualification(资格)，Business English courses，special English Summer courses and a wide range of Foreign Languages．Please note that the minimum age for students on all our group courses is 16，younger learners are taught via individual one to one tuition．
44．In what way can the course meet the needs of individuals?
A．There is no fixed course length．
B．There are no more than 10 students in a class．
C．Students will be provided with the opportunity to learn language skills at a level and pace．
D．They will be provided with the opportunity to learn language skills at a level and pace．
45．How will the students build up their confidence in the course?
A．Students will be provided with the opportunity to learn language skills at a level and pace and feel comfortable and confident to communicate in the language they have chosen to study．
B．They will learn the language they choose very easily with the help of the teacher．
C．The course will be easy for H1 kinds of students and so they can be sure they are successful．
D．The students feel the course is flexible and so they like it．
46．Students can go to the course any time available(合适的)．because _______．
A．they will provide the course all the time
B．the length of the coupe is not fixed and you can go to the course any time that suits you
C．the first part of the course is very easy and you needn’t go there every day
D．the lessons can be repeated later
47．What’s the purpose of writer in writing the passage?
A．To introduce some courses of lessons suitable for students of all levels．
B．To introduce how to build students’ confidence．
C．To tell us no fixed course length suits students best since it is important to be flexible．
D．To tell us how to find a course that suits us．
D
Canberra，the capital of Australia，lies in the southeast of the country．From this city，it is 240 kilometres to Sydney，and over twice to Melbourne．Sydney faces the Pacific Ocean，and Melbourne is close to the Bass Strait through which ships from Sydney can enter the Indian Ocean．
When the Federal government of Australia was formed in 1901，no one knew where Australia’s capital would be．The two cities of Sydney and Melbourne both wanted the honour．Instead．the founding fathers chose a piece of land between the two cities for the new capital．The government would build a new city called Canberra as the country’s capital．
In 1991，the government invited the world leading architects(建筑师) to enter designs for Canberra in a contest(比赛)．An architect from Chicago(芝加哥) named Walter Griffin won．The government decided to build Canberra according to his plan．Men started to work on Canberra in 1913．Twenty．four years later，the city was finished．But the government moved to this new city ten years before it was completed．
At one time，almost everyone in Canberra worked for the government．However，the city today has become a centre of education and a favorite place for tourists(观光者)．Now people can hold a government job，or they can work in business．They also make a living by teaching or meeting the needs of tourists．
People find life in Canberra very relaxing and pleasant．The city is surrounded by beautiful mountains where people can ski(滑雪)．There is a large man-made lake lined with beaches(海滩) and parks in the centre of Canberra．Canberra is now Australia’s largest island city．Many people living there have come from other cities in Australia and from other lands．They have come to Canberra to work．Some have come to get away from the busier way of life found in many other cities．
48．According to the passage，it is _______ kilometres from Sydney to Melbourne．
A．240 B．480 C．740 D．720
49．Canberra was designed by ________．
A．the founding fathers B．an American
C．the Federal government D．the world leading architects
50．Canberra is now ________．
A．a lovely city to which no visitors can go by sea
B．the largest island city and an education centre in Australia
C．a beautiful coastal city：with beaches and parks
D．a pleasant place with lakes surrounding it
51．Which of the following shows the correct order?
a．The founding fathers decided to build Canberra．
b．The Federal government was founded in 1901．
c．Canberra was completed ten years later．
d．Both Melbourne and Sydney wanted to be the capital．
e．The government had a contest to design the capital．
f．The people began to build Canberra in 1913．
g．The Federal government moved to the new city．
A．b，a，g，c，d，f，e B．b，f，d，e，g，a，c
C．b，d，a，e，f，c，g D．b，d，a，e，f，g，c
E
Believe it or not，America’s favorite snack food is the potato chip．There is a story behind how it was first made．One might think that something genius thought up the first potato chips，but it didn’t happen that way．The Moon Lake Restaurant was a well-known restaurant in New York in 1853．Its menu included French-fried potatoes，a popular food recipe brought back from France by Thomas Jefferson．These were thickly cut potatoes，fried until golden brown and crisp in the outside．One evening a guest in the dining hall felt that his potatoes were too thick and sent them back to the kitchen．The cook sliced some potatoes thinner than before and prepared them for the complaining guest．He was still not satisfied and sent them back again! By this time the cook was angry and decided to do exactly what the dinner guest wanted：slice the potatoes as thin as possible．Then they would be so crisp that the diner wouldn’t be able to use his fork to eat them．When the paper thin browned potatoes arrived the dinner was pleased．He was so happy with them that other guests started ordering the new potatoes．The cook’s plan to stop the dinner guest from complaining did not turn out as he had planned．Soon Saratoga Chips appeared on the menu and became so popular that people wanted to take some home．The restaurant started selling small packages of the potato chips．A few years later they were selling all over the United States．But because the potatoes had to be peeled by hand，it was a time-consuming chore and potato ships were often out of stock．In the 1920s a mechanical potato peeler was invented and soon there were potato chips in abundance．They gradually spread all over the world．and have remained popular ever since．
52．According to this passage，the cook of the Moon Lake Restaurant ________．
A．enjoyed making potato chips very much
B．wanted to silence a guest’s complaining
C．liked playing jokes on guests
D．was pleased that other guests liked the chips
53．The restaurant started to sell potato chips because ________．
A．potato chips were liked by people
B．the dinner guest asked for them
C．it was not difficult to cook them
D．they were pleased with the thick potato chips
54．According to this passage，mass production of potato chips was made possible when ________．
A．potatoes could be peeled by machines
B．potatoes were peeled by a large number of cooks
C．there was a growing demand for them
D．they first appeared in a restaurant
55．Potato chips have been popular in the US ________．
A．for more than 200 years B．ever since 1920
C．for less than 100 years D．since the 19th century
)
阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Having one of those days or weeks when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it，your bad mood will probably go away after some time．But with a little effort，you can forget it much faster，often within a day or two．
●Walk it off
Exercise is the most popular way to remove bad mood．A person who’s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension．Taking a fast ten-minute walk，or taking some quick exercise can do wonders towards changing that bad mood．
●Tune it out
Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tensions go away quickly，because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had．
●Give yourself a pep talk
Stop and listen to what’s on your mind．Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts．Write them an down on paper，including the pessimistic messages you’ve been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers．
●Avoid things that won’t improve your mood
TV may not help much：you need to increase your energy level and stimulate your mind．And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee，think about how _______ are linked．Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods while carbohydrates．such as potatoes and pasta(意大利面食)，produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them．
56．What’s the general idea of this passage? (Please answer within 10 words．)
________________________________________________________________
57．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．
________________________________________________________________
58．Please design a pessimistic situation and then find an optimistic solution，following the third suggestion．
(Please answer within 20 words．)
Situation：________________________________
Solution：_________________________________
59．Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words．
(Please answer within 10 words．)
________________________________________
60．What do most people do to beat the bad mood according to the passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)
________________________________________
语法填空
（2018 浙江宁波北仑中学期中）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Laura and Susie were born on the same day in the same hospital and at the same time. They _____ 1_____ (be) very close friends since they were very little. One bright sunny day, as I ______2______ (walk) home from the shops, I decided to take a short cut _____3_____ the park. All of a sudden I heard a loud scream. It sounded like a child. With fright I dropped my shopping bag and ran in the _____4_____ (direct) of the noise.
As I was getting _____5_____ (close) to the noise I saw two little girls, one of _____6_____ was screaming in pain. The other child was frozen to the spot with a look of terror on her face. As I ran towards them, I quickly realized that I knew the children. One was my daughter Laura and the _____7_____ was her best friend Susie.
I was totally shocked to see the girls there, as they knew they were not allowed to go to the park alone. Obviously the girls _____8_____ (hear) strange noises and then decided to run as fast as they could to get away. While _____9_____ (run), Susie fell over and could not get up.
Susie’s mother and I had another talk with the girls about not wandering off without an adult then. Both of them learnt a _____10_____ (value) lesson.
书面表达(满分25分)
（2018 广东省实验中学期末）
请写一篇关于中国科学家屠呦呦女士的短文。要求根据所给信息作适当发挥，且包括以下三部分内容：1．对屠呦呦女士的简单介绍；
2．喜欢她的理由；
3．从她身上得到的启示。
/
屠呦呦简介
屠呦呦，中国科学家，2018 诺贝尔医学奖获得者；她发现了青蒿素，开创了疟疾治疗的新方法，拯救了百万人的生命。
参考词汇：青蒿素 artemisinin 疟疾：malaria 诺贝尔医学奖：the Nobel Prize in Medicine
短文改错---附加题
(2018 江西赣州一中月考)
此短文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
After supper Liu Wei came and ask me to go and see a film with him. In our way to the cinema, we saw the little girl sitting by the roadside crying. We bought her a cake to stop her cry. When we asked she lived, she said she did not know. So we took him to the police station and asked the polices to take care of her. After that we went to the cinema. And when we got there, the movie was almost over. Although we missed the movie, we felt very happily because we did a well deed.
答案解析
单项选择
1．C 句意：不要因为一个人在考试中失败就看不起他。look down upon/on的意思是“轻视，看不起”；look up的意思是“抬头，查询”；look down的意思是“低头”。
2．D 句意：带着巨大的喜悦，他得到了他失踪的女儿被找到的消息。本题考查强调句结构，强调伴随状语with great joy。
3．A 句意：尽管这个上班的母亲很忙碌，她仍把很多的时间投入到孩子们身上。四个选项中，devote的意思是“倾注，投入”，符合题意。spend的意思是“花费”，但没有spend...to这样的搭配；offer的意思是“提供，提出”；provide的意思是“供应，供给”。
4．B 句意：每个孩子在他或她的课上都很努力学习功课，希望能上大学。“either/neither/each+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
5．D 句意：因为他的缺席，会议不得不延期。本句为强调句型，强调原因状语because of his absence。
6．A 句意：我觉得他似乎一生都没有这么努力过。考查It seemed(to me) that...句型。
7．A 句意：他花费了他所有的空闲时间来照顾那位老人。care for此处相当于look after，意为“照顾，照料”。
8．A 句意：——你想要喝茶还是喝咖啡?——什么都可以。这是一个选择疑问句，答语要在两者之间进行选择。Either will do的意思是“这两者中任何一个都可以。”
9．B 句意：由于担心所有学生们的学习，约翰逊先生一结束会议就去了学校。过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于As he was concerned with...D项有一定干扰性，being done为现在分词被动语态的一般式，表达正在进行的动作。
10．A 句意：如果你想做更进一步的解释，最好以个人形式向警官提出申请。further意为“进一步的，深刻的”；farther意为“(距离)更远的”。
11．A 句意：他所驾驶的“蓝鸟”汽车是为他特制的。specially可以表示为了某个目的，而“特别地，特地，专门地”去做某事；especially表示“尤其，特别”，强调重要性及重要程度。因此本题答案为A。
12．B 句意：警方正到处寻找那个杀人犯，就在这时他突然出现在一家剧院里。police此处强调人(警察们)，谓语动词应用复数形式；search for寻找。
13．C 句意：那时他是一个非常有灵感的诗人，他那鼓舞人心的诗歌传遍了全国。第一空用inspired修饰poet，意为“有灵感的诗人，有创造力的诗人”。第二空用inspiring修饰poems，意为“鼓舞人心的诗歌”。
14．C 句意：只有饥饿的时候，狮子才会攻击人。only位于句首，修饰的是状语，主句运用部分倒装，从句不倒装。
15．B 句意：如果你每天步行去上班，不久你就会恢复健康的。in condition此处相当于healthy“健康的”。
16. B。句意：在慷慨的人们的帮助下，我的志愿者工作会更成功的。serious 严肃的；generous 慷慨的；nervous 紧张不安的；dangerous 危险的。
完形填空
[语篇解读] 一个微笑能起到多大的作用?它可以改变一个人甚至多个人的生活。本文是夹叙夹议型的文章，阐述了老师对Steve的一个微笑改变了他的生活，并且在他离开学校工作后激励了其他人。作者对此给予充分的肯定。
16．A 联系空前的he waited for Miss White to enter the classroom，Steve等着老师进教室，最后老师走进来了。pass by从旁边经过；look out小心；move out搬出去。
17．B 联系后文可知，在Steve第一个交上试卷后，老师才转向他。因此此时他盼望的是老师把微笑转向自己。
18．C 联系空后的and was the first to hand in his paper可知，Steve迅速把试卷做完。hurry through的意思是“迅速完成”。look through浏览，仔细检查；glance through扫一眼；go through经历。
19．C 联系后文可知，这是Steve第一次通过考试，由此可推知他平时学习是不好的，现在居然第一个交上试卷，因此老师很吃惊。联系后文Obviously puzzled我们也可以得此答案提示。
20．D 联系空前的Steve walked back to可知，交上试卷后他走回到自己的课桌旁。
21．A 联系前文的God，she was beautiful!可知，Miss White是非常美丽的。再联系空前的couldn’t resist another look可知，他忍不住又看了可爱的Miss White一眼。其他选项均不能说明Steve忍不住看她。
22．B 联系下文She glanced up at Steve，then down，then up．可知，她不断地打量Steve，对这个平时学习不好的学生现在的变化她感到非常吃惊。
23．C 这个平时学习不好的学生现在终于第一次通过了考试，老师是很高兴的，因此微笑着。A项有一定干扰性，laughter的意思是“大笑”，显然不合常理。
24．B 联系前文Steve 18 (hurried through) the test可知，Steve第一次通过了考试。
25．D 联系后文可知，从那以后一切都改变了。因此nothing remained the same。
26．A 联系空后前的but以及下文自己的发现，可知他的生活改变了。
27．A 联系后文He discovered that he could understand and get
28．C (knowledge)，and that he could translate the things he learned into his own life．可知，此时他知道自己能学习了。
28．C 空后的the things he learned就是knowledge。
29．B this course的意思是“这个进程”，指began to excel(优秀)。subject科目，学科；test测试；speed速度。
30．D 联系后文During his Naval career，he 32 (inspired) many young people，who without him，might not have believed in themselves。可知，他有一个成功的军旅生涯。
31．B 联系空前的he met the love of his life可知，他结了婚，有了自己的家庭。
32．A 联系下文he continues to inspire others可知。他激励着他人。
33．C 联系前文的and he had a(n) 30 (successful) military career可知，他现在开始了第二个生涯。
34．B 联系前文可知，是Miss White的微笑改变了Steve的人生，让他在以后的生活中优秀起来，因此说是挽救了他。
35．A 联系空后的all because of one teacher，who cared可知，改变一个人的生活是很简单的。
阅读理解
A
[语篇解读]本文是叙事性文章，全文讲述了在圣诞节的前12天父母就忙着为孩子买礼物，但是因为受到电视、电影等的影响，孩子追求时尚，几乎买成了同样的东西，这样因为要买的东西集中，有时礼物也买不到。
36．A 主旨大意题。全文讲述了在圣诞节来临的时候父母为孩子买礼物所面临的问题。因为受电视、电影等影响，几乎所有的孩子一窝蜂地要同样的礼物，因此出现了孩子们必须要的礼物必须买到的现象。因此A项最佳。C项有一定的干扰性，全文讲述的不是什么样的礼物适合孩子，而是讲述了在选择礼物方面父母所要面临的问题。
37．B 事实细节题。从so that practically every child in the country wants the same thing for Christmas可以知道，受一些事情的影响，孩子们在圣诞礼物上往往所要求的东西是很集中的。C项有较大干扰性，作者只是以去年为例，并非孩子们每年都需要Tracy Island or Buzz Lightyear，因此C项不正确。
38．D 猜测词义题。从这个词组的下一句：Those who predicted the trends bought some of the top presents earlier in the year，and can now sell them for great profits online．我们可以知道，商人在预测最流行的礼物，然后趁机大捞一把。A项有一定的干扰性，与前面的parents相对，some people在这里指商家，他们想趁机大捞一笔钱，因此A项不正确。
39．A 事实细节题。从But with so many people signed up it’ll still be a race against time to buy the toys before they sell out again．我们可以知道，尽管父母拼命去买孩子想要的礼物，但是因为大家买同样的礼物，很多礼物很快就卖完了，因此得不到自己想要的礼物，孩子们就会失望。C项有一定的干扰性，孩子们失望的是得不到礼物，而不是礼物很快过时。
B
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。全文说明了防风障在农业建设中的重大作用。
40．B 猜测词义题。从to protect their land against damage from farming and the forces of nature可以推测出，conservation在这里是“保护”的意思。从下文Studies in parts of West Africa，for example，found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks．也可以得此答案。A项有一定的干扰性，联系这个单词后面的protect their land against damage可以排除A项。
41．C 事实细节题。从文章中Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away．They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops．They arc very important for growing grains，such as wheat．可以看出防风障在农业中有两大作用：防止土壤流失，防止大风破坏农作物。文中没有讲到windbreaks在其他方面的作用，因此很容易排除其他选项。
42．C 事实细节题。从However，windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through．可知，防风障有一定空隙对于固土是有好处的。其他答案均有一定的干扰性，文章中讲到一个好的windbreak必须是运用百分之六十的树木或植物，而不是密封的。
43．A 主旨大意题。作者讲述了防风障在固定土壤和保护庄稼方面的重大作用。D项有较大干扰性，联系全文可知，作者在全文讲述了windbreak在防风固土、提高农业产量方面的用途，因此D项可以排除。
C
[语篇解读] 本文是实用文体——广告。全文向我们介绍了一个适合全体的、各个层次水平的课程的一些情况，其目的是吸引读者报名参加。
44．B 事实细节题。从Meet your needs这一栏目的Small class sizes(maximum 10 students)ensure that individual learning needs can be satisfied．可以看出，作者认为：小班额的教学模式确保了因材施教方针的实施。其他选项均有一定的干扰性，文章也涉及了这些内容，但是这些都是这个课程的其他优势，而不是满足因材施教的原因。
45．A 事实细节题。此题针对第二栏目Confidence-building environment而设计。文中讲到you will be treated as all individual(个体) and will be provided with the opportunity to learn language skills at a level and pace which suits you以及you always feel comfortable and confident to communicate in the language you have chosen to study，因此我们可以总结出，这两点是建立信心的关键。B项有一定的干扰性，因为文章中讲到：Our highly qualified，friendly staff will ensure that when you come on one of our courses...，但是这不是建立信心的关键。
46．B 事实细节题。此题针对第三个栏目Course Length而设计。文中讲到There is no fixed course length，as we feel it is important to be flexible(灵活的)，in order that students can decide what period of study suits them best．由此得出B答案。
47．A 主旨大意题。在选择此答案时要考虑本文文体的影响。广告的目的是“推销”。本文是在推销一个课程，其目的是吸引读者报名参加，因此我们得出A答案。C、D两项有一定的干扰性。从文章中我们知道，作者在向我们介绍一个英语辅导课程，而并非在讨论什么样的课程适合学生。
D
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。全文讲述了堪培拉的历史。
48．B 推理判断题。从第一段From this city，it is 240 kilometres to Sydney，and over twice to Melbourne．可以推算出此答案。A项有一定干扰性，解决本题的关键是搞清楚Sydney与Melbourne的区别。
49．B 事实细节题。从第三段An architect from Chicago(芝加哥) named Waiter Griffin won．得此答案。D项有较大干扰性。从文中我们知道，是政府邀请了世界顶尖的建筑师，但是最后确定的是一美国人。
50．B 事实细节题。从第四段及最后一段However，the city today has become a centre of education and a favorite place for tourists．和Canberra is now Australia’s largest island city．这两处可得此答案。C项有一定的干扰性，联系The city is surrounded by beautiful mountains where people can ski(滑雪)．以及There is a large man-made lake lined with beaches(海滩) and parks in the centre of Canberra．可以知道Canberra并非coastal city。
51．D 推理判断题。我们可以看出四个选项中b都在第一位，因此我们排a，f，d就可以了，d发生在a，f前面，因此答案在C、D项间选，这样将c，g排序，发现g发生在c前。
E
[语篇解读] 也许超出你我的想象，美国人最喜欢的食品不是牛肉，而是土豆片。他们的喜爱已经有很久的历史了。本文讲述了快餐中土豆片兴起的历史。
52．B 事实细节题。从“By this time the cook was angry and decided to do exactly what the dinner guest wanted：slice the potatoes as thin as possible．”可以得出答案。其他三个选项与文章的内容相悖，因此可排除。
53．A 事实细节题。从“Soon Saratoga Chips appeared on the menu and became so popular that people wanted to take some home．The restaurant started selling small packages of the potato chips．”可知。D项有较大干扰性。我们要注意选项中的thick，顾客喜欢的是很薄的土豆片，而不是厚的。
54．A 事实细节题。从In the 1920s a mechanical potato peeler was invented and soon there were potato chips in abundance．They gradually spread all over the world，and have remained popular ever since．得此答案。其他选项与文章内容相悖。
55．C 推理判断题。从1853年开始，此种食品就开始受到人们的青睐，到20世纪20年代开始大量生产。D项有一定干扰性，in the 1920s是二十世纪二十年代，而不是19世纪。
阅读表达
56．How to beat a bad mood．/Ways to get rid of bad moods．本题为概括性试题。根据本篇文章整体内容分析，答案应该是“如何消除不好的情绪”。
57．有时听一会儿自己最喜爱的音乐也有助于快速摆脱紧张的情绪，这是因为音乐能够把我们和自己过去一些积极向上的经历联系起来。starts associations with可以翻译为“建立与……之间的联系”。
58．Situation：I still don’t have a job．
Solution：I have two interviews next week．本题为开放性试题，但是应围绕文章中的相关内容和“pessimistic”及“optimistic”两词来设计。
59．mood and food／what you feel and what you eat根据下文内容判断，该句讲述的是食物和情绪之间的关系，所以空白处应填入与之相关的信息词。
60．People usually do some physical exercise to remove it．本题为封闭性试题，答案根据文中Exercise is the most popular way to remove bad mood．一句得出。
语法填空
1. have been 2. was walking 3. through 4. direction 5. closer
6. whom 7. other 8. had heard 9. running 10. valuable
书面表达
Tu Youyou, a Chinese scientist, wins the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine for her great contribution to the human race. She discovered artemisinin, which can effectively cure the people of the disease called malaria, saving millions of people’s lives, especially in developing countries.
Ms. Tu is my role model, and I deeply touched by her hard work and perseverance. For many years, Tu has devoted herself to the research and never gives up in spite of countless challenges and failures. Finally she extracted arteminsinin from herbs. Thanks to the great discovery, a large number of people could survive the terrible disease. In addition, more and more people now in the world begin to show interest in traditional Chinese medicine.
From her story, I come to realize that it is never easy to become successful. On the road to success, from time to time failures and setbacks would discourage us and prevent us from achieving our goals. Only those who are determined and never give up will succeed at last.
短文改错---附加题
After supper Liu Wei came and ask me to go and see a film with him. In our way to the
asked On
cinema, we saw the little girl sitting by the roadside, crying. We bought her a cake to stop her
a
cry. When we asked ∧she lived, she said she did not know. So we took him to the police station
crying where her
and asked the polices to take care of her. After that we went to the cinema. And when we got
police But
there, the movie was almost over. Although we missed the movie, we felt very happily because we
happy
did a well deed.
good