（人教版）必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement主谓一致的概念及语法讲解

主谓一致
概念引入：
I am a teacher
There is only one box on the table.
There are 50 students in our class.
The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
She often does her homework in the morning.
They get up at six o’clock every morning.
My brother and I have both seen that film.
One more knife and fork is needed.
观察上面句子，我们可以看到，句子的划线部分，即句子的谓语部分有很多变化，前四个句子的谓语动词都是be，由于句子的主语不同，有不同的变化；句5和句6，谓语动词一个加s，另一个却没有加；句7和句8的主语都有and，但是谓语动词却一个用复数形式，另一个却用单数。在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数要保持一致，主要体现在动词，助动词do，have以及一般现在时态中的动词形式上。那么主谓一致有什么规律呢？本单元我们就学习英语中常用的一些主谓一致的规律。
语法讲解：
【主谓一致】
什么是主谓一致？
1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说，不可数名词与可数名词单数用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
比如:
He are a teacher.
I is a student.
语法一致原则
1、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
A student is studying English.
Serving the people is my great happiness.
When we deliver the goods hasn't been decided.
When and where we will go hasn't been decided.
(2018 高考全国I卷) Yangshuo (be) really beautiful. (is)
但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。
What you did is right.
What you need are these dictionaries.
(2018 天津高考) What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats.
复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式
All the students _____ (be) clever. （are）
(2018 高考全国III卷) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ______ (be) too violent for use at the table. （were 主语是knives）
用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
① Both my father and my mother ____farmers. （are）
②What I think and what I do ___been fairly in disagreement. （have）
注意:(1)当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Each student and each teacher __been given a task. （has）
Every flower and every bush ___to be cut down. （is）
(2)当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。
The worker and writer ____(be) from Wuhan. （is）
The worker and the writer _____(be) from Beijing. （are）
4、不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;
Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. （has）
Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. （breaks）
5、 each of…/either of…./one of…谓语动词用单数.none of…/neither of…可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数
1) Each of the students ___ (have) a book.（has）
2) None of us _____ (be) perfect. （are，is）
3) Neither of them _______ (know) the answer.（know/knows）
4) None of this ______ (worry) me. （worries）
None of this money ____ (be) mine. （is）
*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。
Neither statement _______ (be) true. （was）
6、“many a +单数名词
more than one+单数名词
one and a half +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数
1.) Many a foreigner___ (have) been to the Great Wall. （has）
2.)More than one student___ turned up at the meeting. （was）
3.) One and a half bananas ___eaten by the boy. （was）
7. Some /a lot of /half of…./the rest of…../part of…/plenty of…/分数（%）+of…the majority of + 名词”等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
① Two-thirds of the students ____from countryside. （come）
② Ninety percent of the work ___ been done. （has）
8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。
(1)与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I, who ___your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(am)
(2) which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数
As ___known, I am beautiful. （is）
(3) one of +复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。
Tom is one of the students who__ good at playing football. （are）
Tom is the only one of the students who___ good at playing football. （is）
意义一致原则
9. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The group ____ made up of nine students. （is）
The group____ dancing happily. （are）
注意1：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族（可数名词，peoples)
The Chinese people __a brave people （is）
Chinese people___ making our country richer and richer. （are）
注意2. Population
The population of China ______over 1.3 billion and 80% of the population______ farmers （is, are）
注意3 majority
1) the majority作主语时，如果泛指多数，谓语动词用单复数皆可。
The majority is/are doing its/their best. 大多数人都尽全力。
2) 如果指整体、统一体，majority常被看成单数。
The majority is for him.多数人支持他。
3) 如果指多数中的各个成员，majority被看做复数
The majority are of different minds on the matter. 大多数人在这个问题上持不同意见。
4) the majority of+复数名词，表示“大多数的……”，谓语动词用复数。
The majority of her friends have gone abroad.他的大多数朋友都出国了。
5) the majority of+集体名词，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
The majority of the population in the country lives/live in cities.
这个国家的大部分人口都住在城市里。
10.表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式
Two years ______ passed since I left Ningbo（has）
One million dollars ______ a great sum of money. （is）
有些名词如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。
This glass works ____built in 1978. （is）
Two steel works___ east of the city. （are）
Every means____ been tried. （has）
Many species ____ died out. （have）
学科名词，或 以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。
Physics __a fundamental subject in science. （is）
成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，用单数
1) My trousers _____very nice. （are）
2)A pair of shoes_______under the bed. （is）
主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
1.)Which __more valuable, health or wealth? （is）
2.)Which__ prettier, these or those? （are）
3.) We had some paper, but the rest __put back. （was）
the＋adj.作主语,the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等,the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等
The old ____ taken good care of in our society. （are）
The rich ____ for the decision but the poor _against it. （was）
The wounded ____ a young boy. （was）
The beautiful ____not always the same as the good. （is）
16. a/this/that + kind of +名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是kinds（types) of+名词或复数名词of+ a ( this, that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。
即 …kind(s) of +n….,谓语与kind一致 n+ of this kind… 谓语与名词一致
① The kind of apples ____ well.(sell) (sells)
② Men of this kind ____ dangerous . （are）
注意 : 由kind, form, type, species, series 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数，而不是他们后面所跟的名词
This new type of machine__ now on show. （is）
Some new forms of art ____discussed at the meeting. （were）
主语是a large/small quantity of +名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数；如果是“large (great) quantifies of +名词（可数或不可数）”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity单复数而定
①There _a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm （is）
② Large quantities of water /coal/bricks ___needed here （are）
18. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；The number of(the variety of….) +名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。
①A number of workers ____out of work. （are）
②The number of the students in our school ____eight thousand. （is）
19. 两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
① Sixty minus seventeen ____forty-three. (leaves)
② Six and eight ___________fourteen. (makes/make)
20. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The Arabian Nights”__ an interesting story-book. （is）
The United states _____on the south of Canada. （is）
21.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定
Your shoes are white; Mine ____ black. (are)
His coat ____yellow; Hers____ red. （is）（is）
就近一致原则及随前原则
I. 就近一致原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
1.You or she __good at English. （is）
2.___either you or he wrong? (Are)
23. 以here, there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
① Here __some bread. （is）
②There __a pen and three pencils on the desk. （is）
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
Such ___the result （is）
Such __the facts (are)
On the wall ___many pictures (are)
II．随前原则
25.当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。
1. The teacher with two students ______ at the meeting . (was / were)
2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
巩固练习：
用适当的动词形式完成句子：
1. They, together with Tom, _______ (be) going to swim this afternoon.
2. No one but your parents _____ (be) there then.
3. He, like you and your brother, ________ (be) very clever.
4. The teacher, including his students, _______ (be) going to see Professor Tell.
5. Mary, together with his sisters ________ (have) gone back.
6. All that can be eaten ______ (have) been eaten up.
7. Both parties _____ (have) their own advantages.
8. Her job_____ (have) something to do with computers.
9. Seventy percent of the students in our school ______ (be) from the countryside.
10. There _______ (be) a great deal of rice.
11. I found there _______ (be) nothing but two chairs in the hall.
I think there _____ (be) something wrong with the machine.
12. (2018 高考全国II卷) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.
单句改错:
1. Physics are a very interesting subject.
2. His family was all music lovers.
3. The pair of shoes are worn out.
4. Half of the students has finished their composition.
5. The number of students in you are 50.
6. The cattle is eating grass on the hill.
7. A knife and fork are used to have meals.
8. (2018 浙江高考) He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.
单项选择：
1.Lots of medicine as well as equipment such as tents _______ offered to the area since the earthquake occurred.
A．has been
B．have been
C．is being
D．are being
2. East of our city ______ a world-famous pagoda dating from Tang Dynasty.
A．stands
B．stand
C．stood
D．standing
3. He is the only one of the students who ????????a winner of scholarship for three years.?
A．is　
B．are
C．have been
D．has been?
4. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for the other purpose.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
5. There was a fire last night and more than one house _____ burnt down in the fire.
A．has been
B．was
C．have been
D．were
6. ______ of money ???????spent on the bridge.
A．A large amount ; were　　
B．Large amounts; were　　
C．Large amount; was　　
D．A plenty; was
7. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A．go
B．went
C．has gone
D．have gone
8. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.?
A．is
B．are
C．has been
D．have been
9. “If anybody ________,please put down ________ name, ”said the teacher to the monitor.
A．wants to buy the book ;his
B．want to buy the book; their
C．will buy the book; one’s
D．wants to have the book bought; her
10. A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
11. —What about the books?—Books of this kind _____ well.
A．sell
B．sells
C．are sold
D．is sold
12. John is the only one of the students in the class that never______ a mistake even when it is pointed to him.
A．admit making
B．admits making
C．admit to make
D．admits to make
13. The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America .
A．are ; were
B．is ; were
C．are ; was
D．is ; was
14. All but Dick ________ in Class Three this term.
A．are
B．is
C．were
D．was
15. ________ of the land in that district _______ covered with trees and grass.
A．Two fifth; is
B．Two fifth; are
C．Two fifths ; is
D．Two fifths; are
16. Thirty dollars ________ too expensive.
A．are
B．is
C．were
D．be
17. I think it is you rather than the student who____ for being late for the speech.
A．is to blame
B．are to blame
C．is to be blamed
D．are to be blamed
18. Every boy and every girl ________ pleased when they saw Shenzhou VI was sent up to space.
A．is
B．was
C．are
D．were
19. Between the two roads ________ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.
A．stands
B．standing
C．which stands
D．stand
20. Where to get the materials and how to get them ________ at the meeting.
A．have not discussed
B．have not been discussed
C．has not discussed
D．has not been discussed
21. One-third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority
of the citizens ________ black people.
A．is; are B．is; is C．are; are D．are; is
22. (2018 江苏大丰市新丰中学期末) Edward was excited to be told that his wife ________ his children ________ invited to the party with him.
A．and; was B．together with; were C．as well as; was D．along with; were
23. (2018 湖南郴州期末) Not only the guides but also the team leader _______ looking after the students then.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
24. (2018 北京东城区期末) The teacher along with her students _________ the Palace Museum when we came across her.
A. were visiting B. was visiting C. has visited D. have visited
答案解析：
用适当的动词形式完成句子：
1. are 2. was 3. is 4. is 5. has 6. has 7. have 8. has 9. are 10. is
11. was, is 12. is
单句改错:
are →is 2. was →were 3. are →is 4. has →have 5.are →is 6. is →are 7. are →is
8. was →were；knowing改成know
单项选择：
1.答案： A 解析： 考查主谓一致和时态。Since通常与现在完成时连用。本题的主语是Lots of medicine，是不可数名词，后面应该使用单数形式，根据句意应该是被动的关系。故A正确。句意：自从地震以来，很多药物和帐篷这样的设备已经被提供给这个地区。
2.答案： A 解析： 本题考查倒装和主谓一致。此句是个倒装句,正常语序为：A world-famous pagoda dating from Tang Dynasty______ east of our city。故主语为a world-famous pagoda是第三人称单数，句意陈述的是客观事实，故选A。
3.答案： D 解析： 考查定语从句和主谓一致。定语从句的先行词是the only one，后面的定语从句中用单数，排除BC。再根据for three years可知这里应该使用完成时。句意：他是学生中唯一的一个三年一直是奖学金获得者的人。
4.答案： D 解析： 考查主谓一致。the rest of +名词作主语，谓语动词单复数看名词，如果名词是不可数名词，那么用单数；如果名词是可数名词复数，那么用复数。本题的which指代the raw materials，是复数形式，所以用复数，本句又是过去时，所以选择D。
5.答案： B 解析： 考查主谓一致。More than one…许多；这个结构作主语时谓语动词用单数；另外根据时态应该用过去时。所以选B
6.答案： B 解析： 本题考查主谓一致。large amounts of修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。A项a large amount of修饰不可数名词，谓语动词需要用单数形式。D项plenty前的A应去掉。C项large前应加A。
7. 答案： C 解析： C?本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成时。
8. 答案： C? 解析： 本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。
9. 答案： A 解析： anybody作主语，谓语是单数；泛指一个人（的）一般用he （his）。
10. 答案： A 解析： A考查主谓一致。a poet and artist为一个人，时态为一般现在时，故答案为A
11. 答案： A 解析： 主语为复数名词books，谓语动词应用复数。sell 有销路,销售情况。故选A。
12. 答案： B 解析： 根据主句的结构the only one分析，此处的that应为单数；而动词admit后面只能跟动名词作宾语。
13. 答案： ?D 解析： 主语后接with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, like, including ,together， with, in addition to等构成的短语，谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致；书名、报名、国名、地名等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。试题中的Reading Skills 为书名。
14. 答案： A 解析： All是主语，它在这儿指人，所以应是复数。
15. 答案： C 解析： 分数表达法及主谓一致。the land为主语，故用单数谓语动词。D，B，A分数表达法有误排除。
16. 答案： B 解析： 度、量、衡作主语，把它作为一个整体看待，视为单数。
17. 答案： B 解析： 考查blame表示该受责备固定用法及主谓语的一致性的用法。Be to blame为固定用语；定语从句修饰的是you 而不是student,要注意主谓语的一致性。
18. 答案： B 解析： 选B。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有each, every, no等修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。
19. 答案： A 解析： 主语是a TV tower。这是一个完全倒装结构。
20. 答案： D 解析： 两个不定式的动词相同，属于同一概念，所以谓语仍然用单数。
21. 答案：A 解析：单数名词的“几分之几”作主语，谓语动词用单数；the majority of+复数名词，表示“大多数的……”，谓语动词用复数。因此选A。
22. 答案：C 解析：当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。此题的主语是“his wife，所以从句的谓语动词应该用单数，所以选C。and连接名词作主语时谓语应该用复数，排除A。
23. 答案：D 解析：not only... but also连接主语，谓语动词要就近一致，排除A、B；由时间状语then可知句子的情景发生在过去，所以选D。
24. 答案：B 解析：当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。此句主语是The teacher，排除A、D。表示过去某时正在进行的动作，应该用过去进行时，所以选B。句意：我们遇到她时，那位老师与她的学生正在游览颐和园。