（人教版）必修4 Unit 2 Working the land动词ing形式作主语和宾语的用法及其练习

动词--ing形式作主语和宾语
概念引入
动词-ing形式，即在动词原形的词末加-ing的形式，是非谓动词的一种。在传统语法中动词-ing形式分成两部分：用法相当于名词的叫“动名词”，用法相当于形容词和副词的被称为“现在分词”。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。
1. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary.
2. If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?
3. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
句1动词-ing及其宾语和状语一起作句子的主语，句2中growing是动词try的宾语。这两个动词-ing形式都是动名词。句3中disturbing修饰problem，是定语，句4中using及其宾语一起作状语，说明句子的谓语“are producing harvests”的方式。这两个动词-ing形式都是现在分词。
注意：句4的producing与are一起构成现在进行时，是谓语形式，不属于本单元语法范畴。
用法讲解
动名词的结构
概述
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
时态/语态
主动
被动
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
1. 动名词的否定结构
动名词的否定结构由“not+动名词”组成。如：
Trying without success is better than not trying at all.
实验没有成功也比不实验好。
He hated himself for not having work hard.
他悔恨自己没有用功。
I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.
很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。
He felt sorry for not having done the work well.
他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.
我看不去对你倒好了。
There is no denying the fact that he is diligent.
不能否认他很勤奋。
2. 动名词复合结构
通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语，与动名词一起构成动名词复合结构。这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。
构成：物主代词/名词所有格+动名词
（1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。如：
Do you think my going there will be of any help?
你看我去会有什么帮助吗？（宾语）
The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。（主语）
Do you mind my (me) smoking ?
你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）
They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.
他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。（介词宾语）
（2）逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。如：
Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?
你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？
Is there any hope of our team winning the match?
我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？
(3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this， that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时，只用普通格。如：
She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.
她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的时态和语态
1. 动名词的时态：一般式，完成式
(1) 动名词的一般式（doing）所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如：
We are very interested in collecting stamps.
我们对集邮很感兴趣。
His coming will be of great help to us.
他来对我们大有帮助。
(2018 高考全国III卷) Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples. 参加苹果节活动是见识、经常是品尝各种各样的苹果。
注意：
1. 有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after, on, upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。
On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying.
一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。
Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了，请原谅。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。
2. 动名词一般式还可以表示一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作。
I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
(2) 动名词的完成式（having done）所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。
He regrets not having taken part in the work.
他后悔没有参加这项工作。
We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
2. 动名词的语态：主动形式与被动形式
动名词的主动形式（doing/having done）：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为执行者时，用主动语态。
动名词的被动式（being done/ having been done）：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。
对比：
I like giving my son harder work. (give的动作是句子主语做的，用主动语形式)
我喜欢给我儿子难点的工作。
I like being given harder work. （句子的主语“我”是 “被给工作的”的，用被动形式）
我喜欢接受难点的工作。
She is proud of being admitted into the university.
她为被大学录取而感到自豪。
The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.
会议延期并未和他商量。
He doesn’t mind having been criticized.
他不介意过去受到的批评。
注意：在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。如：
I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo.
我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。
动名词的作用----作主语
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词作主语
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山是真有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。
注意：动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词作主语的几种类型
1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如：
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如：
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，
difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。
注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如：
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：
No smoking. =No smoking is allowed (here). 禁止吸烟。
No parking. 禁止停车。
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
动名词作与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较：
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意：
1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：
Does your saying that mean anything to him？
*Does it for you to say that mean anything to him？
4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
动名词的作用----作宾语
1. 作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。
常见的此类动词有：
advise， allow， permit， avoid， consider， enjoy， finish， give up， cannot help，
imagine， include， keep， keep on， mind， miss， put off， delay， practise， resist， suggest，appreciate等
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
(2018年 浙江高考) I enjoyed sitting close to the windows and looking at the view.
我喜欢坐在窗户附近看风景。
2. 作介词的宾语
下面动词短语以介词结尾，只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，其中to也是介词：
depend on， think about， set about， succeed in， worry about， burst out， insist on， can’t stand， be used to， get used to， devote…to…， look forward to， pay attention to， get down to等。如：
(2018 四川高考) We’ve been spending a lot of time (in) singing in karaoke bars.
我们花了很多时间在卡拉OK厅唱歌。
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work？ 我们休息呢还是开始干活？
3. 作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
动名词的作用----作表语、定语
1. 作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows.
你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at.
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
注意：
不定式也可以作表语，表示一般概念可以与动名词互换，但是表示具体的个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。
My favourite hobby is to collect/ collecting old coins.
我最喜欢的业余爱好是收集旧硬币。
Our aim is to help the old lend a happy life.
我的目的是要帮助老人过幸福的日子。
2. 作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：
a walking stick手杖＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine 洗衣机 =a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room 阅览室 =a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
a measuring tape 卷尺 =a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring
sleeping pills 安眠药 =pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
动名词使用注意
1. 易考点
1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数
2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词
3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词。
4） 如果动名词有自己的逻辑主语，以代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。
例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you’re calling
（Key：C。换成your calling也对）
4）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
it’s no good； it’s no/little/hardly any/ use； it’s not/hardly/scarcely use； it’s worthwhile； spend money/time； there’s no； there’s no point in； there’s nothing worse than； what’s the use/point...
【非谓语动词之-ing形式------接动名词和不定式有区别的动词 】
2. 接不定式和动名词皆可的动词
有很多动词后面既可以加上-ing形式，也可以用不定式。如：start, begin, like, love, hate, go on, stop, remember, forget, mean, regret, try, be afraid等。
比较一下这些动词的区别：
1）start和begin
Let’s start/begin to swim.= Let’s start/begin swimming.
Let’s start our journey.
Let’s start the car.
We are beginning/starting to work hard.
They got up, beginning/starting to study.
2）like, love, hate…
We like painting in the open air.
He hates talking with strangers.
I love to show you around our school.
I like singing very much but I don’t like to sing right now with so many people around me.
3）go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事
After eating two burgers, he went on to talk about his experience in Norway.
Although it has been two hours, he is still going on talking about his life.
4）stop to do 停下来去做（某事）
stop doing 停下正在做（的事）
The movie is on. Please stop making any sound.
He didn’t want to stop to move back to China.
What he wants to do is to stop being silent to talk about the truth.
5）remember to do 记住要做
remember doing 记得做过
I remember sending the email. I don’t know why he still hasn’t got it.
Remember to write every detail on your paper so that nothing can be missed.
6）forget to do 忘记要做
forget doing 忘记做过
I am terribly sorry to have forgotten to send the email.
I forgot sending the email. (Maybe I did, maybe not. I am not sure.)=
I forgot whether I sent the email or not.
He totally forgot that he had sent the email.
7）mean to do... 意欲做……
mean doing... 意味着做……
Please don’t cry. I didn’t mean to hurt you.
Price of daily food is going up, which means paying more money.
8）regret to do sth. 要做某事很遗憾
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
I regret to say/to tell you/to inform you that you failed in the exam.
Now she has already regretted marrying that rich man who was as old as her father.
9）try to do 设法去做
try doing 尝试做
He has been trying to lose some weight but in vain.
Try to make more friends in college.
He tried calling him but no one answered.
10）be afraid to do （由于恐惧而）不敢做……
be afraid of doing （因为要避免不好的事）害怕做……
She is afraid to go into the dark alley alone.
They are afraid of losing more money.
He is afraid to go back home because he is afraid of being punished by his parents.
动名词与现在分词的同与不同
I. 相同之处：
动名词在形式上与现在分词完全相同，都是由动词变化而成的，保留了动词的某些特征，能带自己的宾语、状语。例如：
Speaking in the public，he will surely be very cheerful.（现在分词短语，作状语）
他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）
她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
II. 区别：
1、动名词和现在分词作表语的区别：
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，是主语的内容，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：
My hobby is swimming.
可改为：Swimming is my hobby.
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如：
The story is interesting.
不可改为：Interesting is the story.
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. （动名词作表语）
The situation was rather puzzling. 形势令人迷惑不解。（现在分词作表语）
2、动名词和现在分词作定语的区别：
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。
试比较：
①a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的男孩（=a boy who is swimming）
a swimming suit 游泳衣（a suit for swimming）
swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作，是现在分词；而swimming表示suit 的用途，是动名词。
②a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子（=a child who is sleeping）
a sleeping car卧车(=a car which is used for sleeping被用来睡觉的车厢)
现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词child 正处于的状态，sleep的动作是child做的；而 动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途，与名词car没有主谓关系。
3. 动名词可作主语、宾语等通常由名词充当的成分。
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. （主语）
南方与北方开战了。
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? （宾语）
你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗？
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. （宾语）
这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
4. 现在分词可作补足语、状语等常由形容词和副词充当的成分。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. （状语）
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. （状语）
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
刷牙时关上水龙头。（宾语补足语）
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
厨师被发现在厨房吸烟会离开被解雇。（主语补足语）
巩固练习
完成句子
They have been used to _____________ ( 同……做斗争 )all kinds of difficulties. (struggle)
Our factory _____________ ( 需要扩建) ，but we haven’t enough money. (need)
People in poor area have been looking forward to __________ (摆脱贫穷)。（rid）
The company is considering _________ (出口产品) .(export)
Tom suggested ______________ (消减我们的开支) because of financial crisis. (reduce)
It’s no use ____________ ( 同他争论) about such a matter; he is very stubborn.(argue)
Missing the train means ____________ (再等一个小时)。 （wait）
You are_____________ (劝说他是浪费时间)；he’ll never take your advice. (persuade)
That novel ,written by famous writer ---Luxun, __________ (值得再读一遍) （read）
__________________ (装备自己)to become outstanding from the rest is the key to get a job successfully. ( equip)
单项选择
1. It is said that he got laughed at for _____.
A．his dishonest B．been dishonest C．being dishonest D．to be dishonest
2. The little boy is lucky enough to have escaped ____ to death in the big fire.
A．burning B．to be burned C．being burned D．to have been burned
3. The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out
during the trip .
A．sleep B．to sleep C．sleeping D．having slept
4. Do you consider it any good _____ the truck again ?
A．to repair B．repairing C．repaired D．being repairing
5. (2018 广东汕头金山中学期末) Even if accepting the job means ________ to New York by myself without any help, I won’t regret ________ such a decision.
A. traveling; to make B. to travel; to make C. traveling; making D. to travel; making
6. _____in a well—known university is what everybody wishes for.
A．Educated B．Being educated C．To educate D．Educating
7. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ______better ones of your own.
A．introduces B．to introduce C．introducing D．introduced
8. —Shall I stop here？ —No．Go on _____ ，please．
A．to read B．reading C．read D．to reading
9. I don't feel like _____ tonight as I'm so tired．
A．to read B．I was going to read C．reading D．read
10. ---- They are quiet, aren’t they? (2018 广东省实验中学期末)
---- Yes, They are used _________ at meals.
A．to talk B．to talking C．to not talking D．not to talk
11. Collecting stamps as a hobby___________ increasingly popular during the past fifty years.
A．becomes B．became C．has become D．had become
12. ________ made her stepmother very angry.
A．Cinderella’s marrying the prince B．That Cinderella was married with the prince
C．Cinderella married the prince D．Cinderella to be married the prince
13. -----What has made him upset recently?
----- _______ alone to face a troublesome milk case.
A．Left B．Being left C．Having left D．To leave
14. －What made you so delighted at Christmas?
－__________.
A．I received many more presents than others B．Because my parents promised me a new car
C．My uncle’s coming back from abroad D．As there was an unusual celebration
15. Do you know that _______ with wise men improves your mind?
A．chat B．chats C．chatted D．chatting
16. Please excuse my _________ in without _________.
A．come; asking B．coming; asking
C．to come; being asked D．coming; being asked
17. The discovery of new evidence led to ______.
A．the thief having caught B．caught the thief
C．the thief’s being caught D．the thief to be caught
18. ______ a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
A．Watch B．Watching C．Watched D．Being watched
19. .Do you remember me ____ you that same question?
A．to ask B．asking C．to be asking D．have asked
20. Tom admitted ______ in the examination and he was not admitted _____ the school at last.
A．to cheat; to B．cheating; to C．to cheat; as D．cheating; as
21. The discovery of new evidence led to _________.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief to be caught D. the thief being caught
22. (2018 北京东城区期末) Although it was hard at first, Jane came to enjoy ______ as a fashion designer.
A. work B. working C. to work D. worked
23. (2018 江西丰城中学期未) I wonder what trouble he had _______ the plan.
A. to carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. with carrying out
24. (2018 浙江义乌上溪中学联考) As most of boys do, John looks forward ______ in public.
A. to praise B. to be praised C. to praising D. to being praised
25. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime.
A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing
答案解析
完成句子
1.struggling against 2. needs to be expanded/expanding 3. getting rid of poverty
4. exporting their products 5. reducing our spending 6. arguing with him
7. waiting for another hour 8. wasting your time persuading him
9. is well worth reading twice 10. equipping yourself
单项选择
1. C。 for介词,后接名词或相当于名词的短语或从句。
2. C。 escape后跟动名词作宾语；由于主语the little boy是burn动作的承受者，所以要用动名词的被动式。
3. C。 本题是考查动名词做宾语。其实这道题需要记住常见的动词后面必须跟动名词作宾语。如：admit（承认） avoid（避免） consider（考虑）deny（否定） enjoy（喜欢）escape（逃脱） finish（完成） imagine（想象）include（包括）keep（保持）mind（介意）miss（失去）practice（练习）suggest（建议）give up（放弃）选择C.
4. B。在这个句子中it是形式宾语，如果这样的句子中出现了any good , no good , any use 或 no use，就该使用动名词来作句中真正的宾语。
5. C。mean doing sth. 意思是“意味着做某事”，mean to do 表示“意欲做某事”；regret to do 遗憾要做某事，regret doing 后悔做过某事。根据句意，选C。句意：即使接受这个工作意味着独自去纽约，没有任何人帮忙，我也不会后悔做出这个决定。
6. B。 本题考查非谓语动词。根据句子意思：_____in a well—known university在句中作主语，排除Educated，根据语态，应用被动语态，排除C. To educate? D. Educating
7. C。 本题句意为“值得考虑一下什么使得方便食品这么受人欢迎，并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些食品”。And 连接consider 与introduce，故introduce 也要用doing 形式作为worth 的宾语使用。
8. B。 go on后接不定式表示继续做另一件事，接动名词表示继续做同一件事。
9. C。 feel like后接V-ing形式作宾语。
10. C。 be ／get used to当“习惯于”讲时，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故该题选C。以下短语中的to为介词，后面只接动名词： lead to（导致），get down to（开始干）。
11. C。 主语collecting stamps as a hobby被看成是整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。而时间状语during the part fifty years限制了句子用完成时态。
12. A。 动名词、主语从句皆可作主语但是Ｂ选项当中的“与．．．结婚”应说成“be? married to。??Cinderella与王子结婚使得她的继母非常生气。?选Ａ
13. B。 考查动名词做主语。Being left alone to face a troublesome milk case实际上是句子的主语。句意：—最近什么事情让他难受？-被独自留下处理难办的牛奶案件让他难受。
14. C。 根据题干可知，什么让你在圣诞节那么开心，答语应是名词短语，在四个选择项中只有C符合题意，故选C。我叔叔从国外回来让我很开心。
15. D。 考查动名词短语做主语。Chatting with wise man是一个动名词短语在句中做主语，后面的动词用单数。
16. D。 考查动名词用法。Excuse doing sth.原谅sth.; without后面接动名词，根据句意可知是被动形式。句意：请原谅我没有被邀请就来了。
17. C。 句意：新证据的发现使得小偷被抓住了。lead to中的to是介词，因此后面需加名词性结构，因此C项正确。
18. B。 考查动名词短语在句中做主语。Watching a family of chimps wake up在句中做主语。
19. B。 remember doing sth.意为“记住曾经做过某事”；remember to do sth.意为“记住要做某事”。句中Remember me asking…中的me为asking的逻辑主语,也可说成my asking.
20. B。 这题考查admit的用法：admit doing“承认做某事”，admit sb. to …“被录取”，句意是：汤姆承认考试中作弊，他最后没有被学校录取。选B。
21. D。短语lead to意为“导致”，其中to是介词，后接动词的-ing形式作宾语，排除B、C； 小偷应该是被抓住，catch应该用动词-ing形式的被动形式。所以选D。句意：新证据的发现使那个小偷被抓住了。
22. B。enjoy后面必须接动词-ing形式作宾语，所以选B。句意：虽然开始很难，简渐渐开始喜欢当时装设计师的工作了。
23. B。固定短语have trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“在做某事方面有困难”，其中in可以省略。此宾语从句是特殊疑问句形式，所以把要提问的trouble和what一起放从句句首了。根据短语，空白处应该用动词-ing形式作介词in的宾语。所以选B。句意：我想知道他执行这个计划有什么困难。
24. D。look forward to意为“渴望”，其中to是介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，排除A、B。John渴望的是“被赞扬”，praise应该用被动形式，排除C。所以选D。句意：像多数男孩儿一样，约翰渴望着被赞扬。
25. D。appreciate意为“感谢、欣赏”，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，所以选D。句意：我妻子在信中说，哪一天能收到你的信他会非常感激。