模块6 Unit 2 What is happiness to you? Grammar and usage(2)课件（30张）
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| 名称 | 模块6 Unit 2 What is happiness to you? Grammar and usage(2)课件（30张） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-07-30 15:51:25 | ||
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课件30张PPT。非谓语动词非谓语
动词不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.现在分词动名词过去分词非谓语动词的 10种形式to dodoingdoneto be donebeing doneto have done have done to have
been donehaving
been donehavingbe donehave donehave been
doneto be doing英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构
如果出现更多动词：
1.加并列连词构成并列句（and / but / or…） ；
2.加从属连词构成主从复合句（why, when, where…） ；
3.变为非谓语动词 。主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 非谓语动词的
七大经典原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式
When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，故选 D。
2. _____ this cake， you’ll need 2 eggs，175g sugar and 175g flour.
A. Having made B. Make
C. To make D. Making
3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _____， and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving
C. to move D. Being moved原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.4. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs.
A. to listen; to climb
B. listening; to climb
C. listening; climb
D. listening; to climbing
【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。 listen to … do/doing … 用括号里的词的适当形式填空
1. Write to the editor , ________that the editor would be able to help her．（ hope ）
2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there
_________ on a big rock．( rest )
3.The secretary worked late into night ,
_________ a long speech. ( prepare )
4. _______ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep－ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：
作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且
前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在
谓语动词的动作之后发生前面不能用逗号。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
【解析] 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。
如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel（桶） on April 4.
A.have reached B. reaching
C. to reach D. to be reaching
8. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told
7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding
C. found D. to have found
【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。
但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动
式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.
9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除 B 和C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。
10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open and close 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。of11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _______ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_____upon her.
A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing
C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat downfix one’s eyes upon…原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.
12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____.
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John(be) faced with…Faced with be compared to/with
be faced with
be caught in ( compare) with Tom, Jack works harder.
( catch) in the rain, he was late for class.
(face )with difficulty, he never gives in.
Compared CaughtFaced 分词作状语受到系表结构固定短语的影响 be lost in（专注于）be tied of（厌烦） be exhausted by（筋疲力尽）be worried about （担心）be astonished at(惊讶）be moved by (感动）be determined to（决心做）be surprised at, be concerned about…分词作状语受到系表结构固定短语的影响：13. While watching television，_____.
A. the door bell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项 D 中的 rings 是错误的。watching原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）
14._____ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. to be separated【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。has15. The manager，_____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us， left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made
C. made D. making【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，having made ... 相当于 who had made... 的意思。left16.—Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know
what country
—Yes, In London.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ?
he will study in?
he studies in?CABissb is said to do… 据说…原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：
用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;
用-ing，表示动作正在进行;
用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。
17.There will be more than three hundred scientists
attending the meeting _____ the day after tomorrow.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
18. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of
the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait
the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors19. “Things _____ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost
20. —The last one _____ pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
ThingsThe last onelose vt. lose sb/sth注：受 the first， the second ... the last 修饰
的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。 You are the second to make that mistake.
你是第二个犯这错误的人。原则一：用作目的状语，…原则二：用作伴随状语，…原则三：用作结果状语，…原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，…原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，…原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作
之前时，…原则七：用于名词后作定语时，…原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,原则区别是：
-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。
如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；
如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与
主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上
要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作
尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。Homework：Challenge yourself!!!! 1. A railway station is no place for a child _____ alone at night.
A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left2. We were warned _____ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset（消化不良，肠胃不适）.
A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3. _____ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each
other stories.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept4._____ these children _____ what you want is a science I
can tell you!
A. Getting; done B. Get; done
C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do5. When you're learning to drive，__ a good teacher makes
a big difference.
A. have B. having C. and have D. and having6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter ___
me the job.
A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered7. The plane crashed，_____ all 200 people aboard 在飞机上.
A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed8. He was always the first _____ and the last _____ the office.
A. to come， to leave B. coming， leaving
C. to come， left D. coming， left
9. Robert is said _____ one of my classmates the other day，
but I don’t know who she is.
A. to marry B. to have married
C. to be marrying D. being married10.With everything she needed____, she left the shop.
A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought with sth done 是"伴随着某事被完成了", 的意思, 这里sth是被动 she needed 是定语,修饰everything Goodbye!
动词不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.现在分词动名词过去分词非谓语动词的 10种形式to dodoingdoneto be donebeing doneto have done have done to have
been donehaving
been donehavingbe donehave donehave been
doneto be doing英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构
如果出现更多动词：
1.加并列连词构成并列句（and / but / or…） ；
2.加从属连词构成主从复合句（why, when, where…） ；
3.变为非谓语动词 。主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 非谓语动词的
七大经典原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式
When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，故选 D。
2. _____ this cake， you’ll need 2 eggs，175g sugar and 175g flour.
A. Having made B. Make
C. To make D. Making
3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _____， and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving
C. to move D. Being moved原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.4. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs.
A. to listen; to climb
B. listening; to climb
C. listening; climb
D. listening; to climbing
【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。 listen to … do/doing … 用括号里的词的适当形式填空
1. Write to the editor , ________that the editor would be able to help her．（ hope ）
2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there
_________ on a big rock．( rest )
3.The secretary worked late into night ,
_________ a long speech. ( prepare )
4. _______ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep－ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：
作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且
前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在
谓语动词的动作之后发生前面不能用逗号。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
【解析] 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。
如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel（桶） on April 4.
A.have reached B. reaching
C. to reach D. to be reaching
8. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told
7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding
C. found D. to have found
【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。
但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动
式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.
9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除 B 和C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。
10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open and close 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。of11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _______ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_____upon her.
A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing
C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat downfix one’s eyes upon…原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.
12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____.
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John(be) faced with…Faced with be compared to/with
be faced with
be caught in ( compare) with Tom, Jack works harder.
( catch) in the rain, he was late for class.
(face )with difficulty, he never gives in.
Compared CaughtFaced 分词作状语受到系表结构固定短语的影响 be lost in（专注于）be tied of（厌烦） be exhausted by（筋疲力尽）be worried about （担心）be astonished at(惊讶）be moved by (感动）be determined to（决心做）be surprised at, be concerned about…分词作状语受到系表结构固定短语的影响：13. While watching television，_____.
A. the door bell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项 D 中的 rings 是错误的。watching原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）
14._____ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. to be separated【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。has15. The manager，_____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us， left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made
C. made D. making【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，having made ... 相当于 who had made... 的意思。left16.—Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know
what country
—Yes, In London.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ?
he will study in?
he studies in?CABissb is said to do… 据说…原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：
用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;
用-ing，表示动作正在进行;
用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。
17.There will be more than three hundred scientists
attending the meeting _____ the day after tomorrow.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
18. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of
the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait
the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors19. “Things _____ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost
20. —The last one _____ pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
ThingsThe last onelose vt. lose sb/sth注：受 the first， the second ... the last 修饰
的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。 You are the second to make that mistake.
你是第二个犯这错误的人。原则一：用作目的状语，…原则二：用作伴随状语，…原则三：用作结果状语，…原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，…原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，…原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作
之前时，…原则七：用于名词后作定语时，…原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,原则区别是：
-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。
如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；
如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与
主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上
要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作
尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。Homework：Challenge yourself!!!! 1. A railway station is no place for a child _____ alone at night.
A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left2. We were warned _____ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset（消化不良，肠胃不适）.
A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3. _____ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each
other stories.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept4._____ these children _____ what you want is a science I
can tell you!
A. Getting; done B. Get; done
C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do5. When you're learning to drive，__ a good teacher makes
a big difference.
A. have B. having C. and have D. and having6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter ___
me the job.
A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered7. The plane crashed，_____ all 200 people aboard 在飞机上.
A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed8. He was always the first _____ and the last _____ the office.
A. to come， to leave B. coming， leaving
C. to come， left D. coming， left
9. Robert is said _____ one of my classmates the other day，
but I don’t know who she is.
A. to marry B. to have married
C. to be marrying D. being married10.With everything she needed____, she left the shop.
A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought with sth done 是"伴随着某事被完成了", 的意思, 这里sth是被动 she needed 是定语,修饰everything Goodbye!