Unit1 Friendship 词汇篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握Unit1 Friendship中单词、短语及句型的运用。
一 . 重点词汇
1. add v.增加，加
常用结构：
add A to B 把A 加在B 上
add up 把…加起来
add +that 从句 补充说
add to 增加，增添
add up to 总共是， 合计为
经典例句：
The fire is going out. Will you add some wood to it?
“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added.
These numbers add up to 100.
拓展：
addition n.增加，添加物，加法 in addition (to sb./sth.)另外；除…之外（还）
additional adj. 附加的；另外的
2. point n.分数，点，要点发v.指
1. n.可数名词 尖端， 尖头
Do you have a pencil with a sharper point?
2. n.可数名词 得分，点
In the game we got ten points.
3. n.可数名词 要点；重点
What’s the point of the article?
4. n.不可数名词 意图，目的；理由
There is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no point in making any more effort.
常用结构：
point sth. at…用某物指向….,把某物对准…
It’s rude to point your finger at people.
point at 指着
I could see him pointing at me and telling the others guests what I had said.
point to 指向
He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.
point out 指出
He point out our mistakes.
1.get /have +宾语+done
常用结构：
get /have +宾+done 让…被…
get/have +sb.+doing 让某人一直做…
get +sb.+to do =have sb. do让某人做…
经典例句：
He had/got his hair cut yesterday.昨天他让人给他理发了。
He had his leg broken last night.昨晚他的腿骨折了。
The boss has/gets him working 12 hours a day. 老板让他一天工作12个小时。
4. upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；vt.使心烦
常用结构：
be upset 心烦的， 苦恼的， 不适的
be upset about….因….心烦/苦恼、不适
upset sb.使某人心烦意乱
经典例句：
He was upset about her illness.他为他的病而忧心忡忡。
Don’t upset yourself-no harm has been done. 不要难过——并没什么伤害。
5. calm …down (使)平静下来；（使）镇定下来
常用结构：
keep/stay calm 保持镇静
calm sb./ oneself down 使某人平静下来
经典例句：
Do keep calm in time of danger.在危险时刻一定要保持镇静。
6. concern vt. (使)担忧，涉及n.担心，关注
常用结构：
concern sb.涉及某人；与某人有关；使某人担忧
concern oneself with/about 某人对…感兴趣
be concerned with涉及；与…有关
sb. be concerned about/for 某人担心/关心
经典例句：
The boy’s poor health concerned his parents.
这个男孩的健康状况不佳,这使他的父母担忧.
He is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全.
拓展:
of much concern 很重要, 关系重大
be no concern of与…无关
as far as …be concerned 就…而言
It is no concern of mine.=It is none of your business.
As far as I’m concerned ,the meeting is of great importance.
在我看来.这个会议很重要.
7. go through
1. 经历,经受 He has gone through too many wars.
2. 检查,仔细察看 The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students.老师已经批阅了学生的所有试卷.
3. (法律 /议案)被通过
The law has now gone through. 这项法律已经被通过.
4. 完成,做完
I’ve gone through much work.我已经完成了很多工作.
拓展:
look through 浏览,快速查看
get through 顺利通过,穿过;完成;接通电话; 通过(考试/表决等)
pass through 经过, 路过
He looked through her notes before the examination.考试前她匆匆看了一遍笔记.
I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through.
昨天我试着给你几次电话,但都没打通。
8. set down
1. 记下
I have set down everything that happened.
2. 使坐下,就座
Set the baby down here.让这个小孩坐在这里.
3. 使着陆
The pilot set the plane down hard. 飞行员艰难地将飞机着陆了.
4. 放下,搁下
He set down the bag and rested for a while.他放下旅行袋,休息了一会儿.
9. on purpose 故意
常用结构:
on purpose to do 特意做…
for/with the purpose of …为了….,抱着…的目的
He didn’t say anything on purpose.他故意不说话.
拓展:by chance/accident偶然地, 意处地
I met her quite by chance.我遇到她完全是偶然的.
The discovery was made almost by accident. 这个发现几乎是出于偶然.
10. happen to 碰巧,恰好
happen to do碰巧做
happen to be doing 碰巧在做
happen to have done 碰巧做过
happen to be done碰巧被做
We happen to hold the same view.我们的想法不谋而合.
I happen to have seen the lost bike. 我碰巧见过那辆丢失了的自行车.
It happened that…碰巧….
It happened that he was upstairs.=He happened to be upstairs.
happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
How could this happen to me!这种事怎么会发生在我的身上.
11. suffer与suffer?from的辨析
suffer?经受，使遭受（坏事，不愉快的事），其宾语一般是loss(损失),?pain（疼痛）,?punishmen（惩罚）,?defeat（失败）,?wrong,?hardship,?disappointment等。?
I?will?not?suffer?such?conduct.?我不能容忍这种行为。?
They?suffered?huge?losses?in?the?financial?crisis.??他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大损失。?
suffer?from?因……而痛苦?
1.?suffer?from+疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减退等），表示患病、为……受苦。?
She?suffers?from?headache.?她患头痛病。?
I'm?suffering?from?a?lack?of?time?this?week.我为这周时间不够用而苦。?
2.?suffer?from+自然灾害??
suffer?from?drought?遭受旱灾；suffer?from?floods?遭受水灾?
12. be /get tired of与be /get tired from的辨析
be /get tired of 对…感到厌倦
be/get tired from因…而疲惫
I’m never tired of drinking tea.对于茶我百喝不厌.
He is tired from reading .他读书读累了
13. have trouble with 在….上有困难/麻烦
常用结构:
做某事有困难/麻烦的表达方法
have difficulty /trouble/ problems +(in )doing sth.
have difficulty /trouble/ problems with sth.
I had the greatest difficulty (in )persuading her.
We had no difficulty (in)finding the house.
14. 辨析join in, join, take part in , attend
join 加入团体/组织等,成为其中一员.
join(sb.)in (与其人一起)参加竞赛/游戏/讨论等活动
take part in 参加活动并在其中发挥一定作用
attend 出席或参加会议/仪式/婚礼/典礼,上课/上学听报告等.
经典例句:
Ask him to join us for lunch.让他我我们一起吃午饭。
They all joined in singing the Christmas carols.他们一起唱圣诞颂歌。
He took part in the Olympic Games in 2012.他于2012年参加了奥运会。
I shall attend the meeting.我会参加会议的。
15. could/can(not/never)have done 过去（不）可能…,本来（不）能够
I could have seen him yesterday, but I came late.
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
二. 本单元重点短语
1.go?through?经历；经受；检查； 完成 2.?set?down?记下，放下??
3.?a?series?of?一系列? 4.?on?purpose?有目的的
5.?in?order?to?为了? 6.?at?dusk?傍晚，黄昏时刻?
7.?face?to?face?面对面? 8.?fall?in?love?爱上?
9.?join?in?参加（某个活动）； ?take?part?in?参加（活动）?
join?加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）?
10.?calm?down?冷静下来? 11.?suffer?from?遭受?
12.?be/get?tired?of…对…感到厌倦? 13.?be?concerned?about?关心?
14.?get?on/along?well?with?与…相处融洽 15.?be?good?at/do?well?in?擅长于…
16.?find?it?+?adj.?to?do?sth.?发现做某事是…
17.?no?longer?/?not?…any?longer?不再…
18.?too?much?太多（后接不可数n.）??much?too?太…(后接adj.)
19.?not…until?直到…?才?
20.?it’s?no?pleasure?doing?sth?做…?并不开心?
21.?make?sb.?sth.?使某人成为…?make?sb.?do?sth.?使某人做某事?
三. 本单元重点句子
1. Add up (增加)your score and see how many points you can get. (P1)
2. Your friend comes to school very upset. The bell rings so you need to go to class. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(使某人平静下来). / tell your friend that you’ve got to (不得不) go to class. / tell your friend that you are concerned about (关心,挂念) him/her but you have to go to class. You two will meet after class and talk then. (P1)
3. Your friend has gone on holiday (度假) and asked you to take care of （照顾）his /her dog. While walking the dog (遛狗), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)
4. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at (嘲笑) you, or just can’t understand what
you are going through? (经历) (P2)
5. She and her family hid away (躲藏) for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.(P2)
6.I don’t want to settle down (写下) a series of（一系列）facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. (P2)
7. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose (故意) until half past eleven one evening in order to（目的是）have a good look at the moon for once by myself. (P2)
8. Another time five months ago, I happened to (碰巧) be upstairs one evening when the window was open?. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face,(面对面) (P2)
9. He used to work (过去常做某事) outdoors even in the middle of winter. (P4)
10. I’ m getting along well with (与某人相处友好)a boy in my class.(P6)
11. Join in (加入) people’s discussion. Try to make friends with(与某人交朋友) one or two classmates. (P7)
12. Mr. Jones lives alone (单独) and often feels lonely.（孤独）We communicate with each other
(相互交流)by Internet /through the Internet.(P42)
13. A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难之交才是真正的朋友) (P46)
14. A friend to all is a friend to none. (滥交者无友) (P46)
15. With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best. (衣服是新的好；朋友是旧的好)(P46)
四、重点句型?
（1）I?wonder?if/weather?…我想知道是否…?
?(It’s)?no?wonder?if/weather…不足为奇，难怪。???????
It’s?a?wonder?if/weather?that…?令人惊奇的是…?
（2）强调句型的构成：it?is/was…+被强调部分+that+?其他成分?
（3）It?is/was?the?first?time?/second…+?time?that…这是第一次/第二次…???????
注意：that?从句中的时态必须用完成时。如果前面是is,that从句中则用现在完成时；
如果前面是was，that从句中则用过去完成时。?
（4）in?order?to?以…为目的，用于引导目的状语，放在句首或者句中。????????
否定形式：in?order?not?to??
句式转换：in?order?to=so?as?to?do?（只放在句中）?=in?order?that+句（只放在句中）?
=so?that+句子（只放在句中）
例1. The?village?is?______what?it?looked?like?when?they?settled?their?homes?there?20?years?ago.????
A.?not?any?longer? ?B.?no?longer????? C.?no?more????? D.?not?any?more?
例 2. ?It?is?not?a?serious?illness.?I?guess?she?will?______?soon.?
A.?remove????????? B.?recover????????? C.?replace?????????? D.?reduce?
例3. ?She?___________?the?vase?on?the?table?and?went?out.??
A. set?out? B.?set?up? C.?set?down? D.?set?on
例4. －Have?you?finished?your?experiment?report,?Jane??
－Oh,?my?God.?I’ve?_______?forgotten?all?about?that.???
A. strongly? B.?extremely? C.?entirely? D.?freely
例5. We?are?living?a _____life?in?the?country.?
A.?still?????????? B.?quiet????????? C.?calm???????????? D.?silent
基础演练
单词拼写
1.Some drivers ____________(忽视)the speed limit.
2.It made her ___________(心烦意乱的)that she didn’t well in the final exam.
3.The company_________(遭受) huge losses because of his careless.
4.She wore a long __________(宽松的)jacket.
5.I __________(碰巧)see her on my way to walk.
巩固提高
二. 单项填空
1. She refused to offer any help, which quite _________all the people present.
A. excited B. frightened C. upset D. warned
2. The meeting was concerned _________reforms and everyone present was concerned _________their own interests.
A. with; for B. with; with C. for; about D. about; with
3. ——You are always full of_________. Can you tell me the secret?
——Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A. power B. strength C. force D. energy
4. My sister was always _________and careful while I would get excited and upset by the slightest thing.
A. silent B. calm C. quiet D. still
5.一I said hello to you in the street yesterday, but you_________ me completely.
一I’m sorry. Maybe I didn't notice you.
A. cheated B. hid C. ignored D. recognized
6. — what’s the matter with Rod?
— I think he's still________ that we forgot his birthday.
A. excited B. loose C. upset D. glad
7.—What’s wrong with him?
—He’s ________ a bad cold.
A. suffering from B. catching C. having on D. keeping on
8. My father said he would be ________ if the expert could give him some advice on how to give up smoking.
A. grateful B. surprised C. calm D. disappointed
9. (2015丰台一模)With a little more care, you _______ the traffic accident. It’s lucky that you just hurt your arm. ?
A.?can?avoid?? B.?avoided C.?had?avoided?? D.?could?have?avoided?
10.（2014山东聊城阶段性测试)_________English, she has to study a second language.
A. In addition to B. Beside C. In addition D. In addition that
11.（2014年湖北10月月考）I listened to Dr. Smith’s lecture about biology, but I failed to get its key.
A. words B. points C. remarks D. notes
12. (2014浙江苍南月考)In those days our primary ________was to provide people who were trapped in the snowstorm with food and health care.
A. anxiety B. concern C. incident D. doubt
13. (2014年陕西榆林仿真模拟)A driver should ______the road when _________.
A. concentrate on; drive B. concentrate in; driving
C. concentrate to; drove D. concentrate on; driving
三．请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。
crazy, loose, calm, entirely, reason, thunder, share, German, habit, teenager, upset, communicate, outdoors, situation, advice
1 A?group of Frenchmen and _________ are visiting Window to the World.
2 Please wait in line. Everyone will get his ________.
3 The doorknob (门把手) has come _________. Who will fix it?
4 Don’t always stay indoors. You’d better go __________ for fun time.
5 I once studied some Japanese at college, but I’m afraid that I’ve __________ forgotten it now.
6 Don’t scold him. After all, he is only a __________.
7 __________ often follows lightning.
8 People say that __________ is second nature.
9?China?is going through good economic __________ these years.
10 Since you have question, why not turn to him for some __________?
11 My child spends most of the time playing online games. It really _________ me.
12 ___________ well with others is considered a kind of ability.
13 Seeing mother smiling at me among the audience, I felt _________ on the stage.
14 No one knew the __________ why he was absent from class a second time.
15 Seeing the famous film star appearing, all the fans became _________.
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一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：
add up (to)? be concerned about? go through? set down? a series of on purpose? in order to? according to? get along with? fall in love (with)? join in? have got to? hide away? face to face
1. We’ve chatted online for some time but we have never met ___________.
2. It is nearly 11 o’clock yet he is not back. His mother ____________ him.
3. The Lius ___________ hard times before liberation.
4. ____________ get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam.
5. I think the window was broken ___________ by someone.
6. You should ___________ the language points on the blackboard. They are useful.
7 .They met at Tom’s party and later on ____________ with each other.
8. You can find ____________ English reading materials in the school library.
9. I am easy to be with and _____________my classmates pretty well.
10. They __________ in a small village so that they might not be found.
11. Which of the following statements is not right ____________ the above passage?
12 .It’s getting dark. I ___________ be off now.
13. More than 1,000 workers ___________ the general strike last week.
14. All her earnings _____________ about 3,000 yuan per month.
二. 阅读理解。
Good lesson
A university student was one day taking a walk with a professor, who was commonly called the students' friend for his kindness to those who waited on his instructions. As they went along, they saw lying in the path a pair of old shoes, which they supposed belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearly finished his day’s work.
The student turned to the professor, saying, “ Let’s play the man a trick: we’ll hide his shoes, and then place ourselves behind those bushes, waiting to see his confusion when he cannot find them.”
“My young friend, ” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor ”.But you may give yourself a much greater pleasure by means of doing this: “put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affects him. ”
The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes. The poor man soon finished his work and came to the path where he had left his coat and shoes. While putting on his coat, he slipped his foot into one of his shoes. Feeling something hard, he bent down to feel what it was and found the coin. Astonishment and wonder appeared on his face. He looked around, but no one was to be seen. He then put the money into his pocket and went on to put on the other shoe, but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin. His feeling overcame him. He fell upon his knee, looked up to heaven and gave sincere thanks to God, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread, whom the timely giving, from some unknown hand, would save from dying. had played your intended trick? ”
The youth replied, “You’ve taught me a lesson I'll never forget. I feel now the truth of those words which I never understood before: “It is more blessed to give than to receive.”
1. What trick had the student intended to play on the poor man?
A. Taking his shoes away
B. Putting coins in his shoes
C. Hiding his coat in the bushes
D. Astonishing him from his back.
2. When did the poor man find the coins in his shoes?
A. When picking the shoes up and shaking them
B. After examining the shoes carefully
C. When finding something shining in the shoes
D. After putting his feet in the shoes
3. How did the poor man feel when finding the coins?
A. Surprised and angry
B. Astonished and thankful
C. Doubtful and helpless
D. Confused and frightened
4. What did the student learn from this unforgettable lesson?
A. He must put coins in poor people’s shoes B. Giving makes him happier than receiving
C. He can always make himself more pleased D. Playing a trick on poor people is very impolite
三. 作文
假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。
*提出邀请并简述原因；
*提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）
*请求对方回复
注意：
1.请使用规范英语，词数不少于100；
2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
越剧：Shaoxing Opera 《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers
天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theater
Dear Chris,
I have good news to tell you.__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Jin
Unit1 Friendship 词汇篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握Unit1 Friendship中单词、短语及句型的运用。
一 . 重点词汇
1. add v.增加，加
常用结构：
add A to B 把A 加在B 上
add up 把…加起来
add +that 从句 补充说
add to 增加，增添
add up to 总共是， 合计为
经典例句：
The fire is going out. Will you add some wood to it?
“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added.
These numbers add up to 100.
拓展：
addition n.增加，添加物，加法 in addition (to sb./sth.)另外；除…之外（还）
additional adj. 附加的；另外的
2. point n.分数，点，要点发v.指
1. n.可数名词 尖端， 尖头
Do you have a pencil with a sharper point?
2. n.可数名词 得分，点
In the game we got ten points.
3. n.可数名词 要点；重点
What’s the point of the article?
4. n.不可数名词 意图，目的；理由
There is no point in doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no point in making any more effort.
常用结构：
point sth. at…用某物指向….,把某物对准…
It’s rude to point your finger at people.
point at 指着
I could see him pointing at me and telling the others guests what I had said.
point to 指向
He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.
point out 指出
He point out our mistakes.
1.get /have +宾语+done
常用结构：
get /have +宾+done 让…被…
get/have +sb.+doing 让某人一直做…
get +sb.+to do =have sb. do让某人做…
经典例句：
He had/got his hair cut yesterday.昨天他让人给他理发了。
He had his leg broken last night.昨晚他的腿骨折了。
The boss has/gets him working 12 hours a day. 老板让他一天工作12个小时。
4. upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；vt.使心烦
常用结构：
be upset 心烦的， 苦恼的， 不适的
be upset about….因….心烦/苦恼、不适
upset sb.使某人心烦意乱
经典例句：
He was upset about her illness.他为他的病而忧心忡忡。
Don’t upset yourself-no harm has been done. 不要难过——并没什么伤害。
5. calm …down (使)平静下来；（使）镇定下来
常用结构：
keep/stay calm 保持镇静
calm sb./ oneself down 使某人平静下来
经典例句：
Do keep calm in time of danger.在危险时刻一定要保持镇静。
6. concern vt. (使)担忧，涉及n.担心，关注
常用结构：
concern sb.涉及某人；与某人有关；使某人担忧
concern oneself with/about 某人对…感兴趣
be concerned with涉及；与…有关
sb. be concerned about/for 某人担心/关心
经典例句：
The boy’s poor health concerned his parents.
这个男孩的健康状况不佳,这使他的父母担忧.
He is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全.
拓展:
of much concern 很重要, 关系重大
be no concern of与…无关
as far as …be concerned 就…而言
It is no concern of mine.=It is none of your business.
As far as I’m concerned ,the meeting is of great importance.
在我看来.这个会议很重要.
7. go through
1. 经历,经受 He has gone through too many wars.
2. 检查,仔细察看 The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students.老师已经批阅了学生的所有试卷.
3. (法律 /议案)被通过
The law has now gone through. 这项法律已经被通过.
4. 完成,做完
I’ve gone through much work.我已经完成了很多工作.
拓展:
look through 浏览,快速查看
get through 顺利通过,穿过;完成;接通电话; 通过(考试/表决等)
pass through 经过, 路过
He looked through her notes before the examination.考试前她匆匆看了一遍笔记.
I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through.
昨天我试着给你几次电话,但都没打通。
8. set down
1. 记下
I have set down everything that happened.
2. 使坐下,就座
Set the baby down here.让这个小孩坐在这里.
3. 使着陆
The pilot set the plane down hard. 飞行员艰难地将飞机着陆了.
4. 放下,搁下
He set down the bag and rested for a while.他放下旅行袋,休息了一会儿.
9. on purpose 故意
常用结构:
on purpose to do 特意做…
for/with the purpose of …为了….,抱着…的目的
He didn’t say anything on purpose.他故意不说话.
拓展:by chance/accident偶然地, 意处地
I met her quite by chance.我遇到她完全是偶然的.
The discovery was made almost by accident. 这个发现几乎是出于偶然.
10. happen to 碰巧,恰好
happen to do碰巧做
happen to be doing 碰巧在做
happen to have done 碰巧做过
happen to be done碰巧被做
We happen to hold the same view.我们的想法不谋而合.
I happen to have seen the lost bike. 我碰巧见过那辆丢失了的自行车.
It happened that…碰巧….
It happened that he was upstairs.=He happened to be upstairs.
happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
How could this happen to me!这种事怎么会发生在我的身上.
11. suffer与suffer?from的辨析
suffer?经受，使遭受（坏事，不愉快的事），其宾语一般是loss(损失),?pain（疼痛）,?punishmen（惩罚）,?defeat（失败）,?wrong,?hardship,?disappointment等。?
I?will?not?suffer?such?conduct.?我不能容忍这种行为。?
They?suffered?huge?losses?in?the?financial?crisis.??他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大损失。?
suffer?from?因……而痛苦?
1.?suffer?from+疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减退等），表示患病、为……受苦。?
She?suffers?from?headache.?她患头痛病。?
I'm?suffering?from?a?lack?of?time?this?week.我为这周时间不够用而苦。?
2.?suffer?from+自然灾害??
suffer?from?drought?遭受旱灾；suffer?from?floods?遭受水灾?
12. be /get tired of与be /get tired from的辨析
be /get tired of 对…感到厌倦
be/get tired from因…而疲惫
I’m never tired of drinking tea.对于茶我百喝不厌.
He is tired from reading .他读书读累了
13. have trouble with 在….上有困难/麻烦
常用结构:
做某事有困难/麻烦的表达方法
have difficulty /trouble/ problems +(in )doing sth.
have difficulty /trouble/ problems with sth.
I had the greatest difficulty (in )persuading her.
We had no difficulty (in)finding the house.
14. 辨析join in, join, take part in , attend
join 加入团体/组织等,成为其中一员.
join(sb.)in (与其人一起)参加竞赛/游戏/讨论等活动
take part in 参加活动并在其中发挥一定作用
attend 出席或参加会议/仪式/婚礼/典礼,上课/上学听报告等.
经典例句:
Ask him to join us for lunch.让他我我们一起吃午饭。
They all joined in singing the Christmas carols.他们一起唱圣诞颂歌。
He took part in the Olympic Games in 2012.他于2012年参加了奥运会。
I shall attend the meeting.我会参加会议的。
15. could/can(not/never)have done 过去（不）可能…,本来（不）能够
I could have seen him yesterday, but I came late.
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
二. 本单元重点短语
1.go?through?经历；经受；检查； 完成 2.?set?down?记下，放下??
3.?a?series?of?一系列? 4.?on?purpose?有目的的
5.?in?order?to?为了? 6.?at?dusk?傍晚，黄昏时刻?
7.?face?to?face?面对面? 8.?fall?in?love?爱上?
9.?join?in?参加（某个活动）； ?take?part?in?参加（活动）?
join?加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）?
10.?calm?down?冷静下来? 11.?suffer?from?遭受?
12.?be/get?tired?of…对…感到厌倦? 13.?be?concerned?about?关心?
14.?get?on/along?well?with?与…相处融洽 15.?be?good?at/do?well?in?擅长于…
16.?find?it?+?adj.?to?do?sth.?发现做某事是…
17.?no?longer?/?not?…any?longer?不再…
18.?too?much?太多（后接不可数n.）??much?too?太…(后接adj.)
19.?not…until?直到…?才?
20.?it’s?no?pleasure?doing?sth?做…?并不开心?
21.?make?sb.?sth.?使某人成为…?make?sb.?do?sth.?使某人做某事?
三. 本单元重点句子
1. Add up (增加)your score and see how many points you can get. (P1)
2. Your friend comes to school very upset. The bell rings so you need to go to class. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(使某人平静下来). / tell your friend that you’ve got to (不得不) go to class. / tell your friend that you are concerned about (关心,挂念) him/her but you have to go to class. You two will meet after class and talk then. (P1)
3. Your friend has gone on holiday (度假) and asked you to take care of （照顾）his /her dog. While walking the dog (遛狗), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)
4. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at (嘲笑) you, or just can’t understand what
you are going through? (经历) (P2)
5. She and her family hid away (躲藏) for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.(P2)
6.I don’t want to settle down (写下) a series of（一系列）facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. (P2)
7. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose (故意) until half past eleven one evening in order to（目的是）have a good look at the moon for once by myself. (P2)
8. Another time five months ago, I happened to (碰巧) be upstairs one evening when the window was open?. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face,(面对面) (P2)
9. He used to work (过去常做某事) outdoors even in the middle of winter. (P4)
10. I’ m getting along well with (与某人相处友好)a boy in my class.(P6)
11. Join in (加入) people’s discussion. Try to make friends with(与某人交朋友) one or two classmates. (P7)
12. Mr. Jones lives alone (单独) and often feels lonely.（孤独）We communicate with each other
(相互交流)by Internet /through the Internet.(P42)
13. A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难之交才是真正的朋友) (P46)
14. A friend to all is a friend to none. (滥交者无友) (P46)
15. With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best. (衣服是新的好；朋友是旧的好)(P46)
四、重点句型?
（1）I?wonder?if/weather?…我想知道是否…?
?(It’s)?no?wonder?if/weather…不足为奇，难怪。???????
It’s?a?wonder?if/weather?that…?令人惊奇的是…?
（2）强调句型的构成：it?is/was…+被强调部分+that+?其他成分?
（3）It?is/was?the?first?time?/second…+?time?that…这是第一次/第二次…???????
注意：that?从句中的时态必须用完成时。如果前面是is,that从句中则用现在完成时；
如果前面是was，that从句中则用过去完成时。?
（4）in?order?to?以…为目的，用于引导目的状语，放在句首或者句中。????????
否定形式：in?order?not?to??
句式转换：in?order?to=so?as?to?do?（只放在句中）?=in?order?that+句（只放在句中）?
=so?that+句子（只放在句中）
例1. The?village?is?______what?it?looked?like?when?they?settled?their?homes?there?20?years?ago.????
A.?not?any?longer? ?B.?no?longer????? C.?no?more????? D.?not?any?more?
解析：本题考查no longer=not… any longer的用法，在本题中如果用not… any longer应表达
为The?village?is not what it looked like any longer when…所经可知本题的答案。
答案：B。
例 2. ?It?is?not?a?serious?illness.?I?guess?she?will?______?soon.?
A.?remove????????? B.?recover????????? C.?replace?????????? D.?reduce?
解析：本题考查动词辨析.A去除；B恢复；C取代；D减少；句意：这不是一个很严重的疾病.我认为她很快会康复.根据句意可知本题答案。
答案：B
例3. ?She?___________?the?vase?on?the?table?and?went?out.??
A. set?out? B.?set?up? C.?set?down? D.?set?on
解析：本题考查set有关的短语辨析，由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：她把花瓶放下然后
出去了。set down意为放下；记下；登记。set?up?意为坚立；建造。set out意为启程，出
发。set?on意为开始做某事。由句意可知本题答案。
答案：C
例4. －Have?you?finished?your?experiment?report,?Jane??
－Oh,?my?God.?I’ve?_______?forgotten?all?about?that.???
A. strongly? B.?extremely? C.?entirely? D.?freely
解析：“－你完成了你的实验报告了吗？－哦，我的天，我已经完全忘记了。”横线处要填写的为程度副词?entirely?意为完全地，全部地。由此可知本题答案。
答案：B。
例5. We?are?living?a _____life?in?the?country.?
A.?still?????????? B.?quiet????????? C.?calm???????????? D.?silent
解析：“我们在乡下过着安静的生活”。still 是静止不动的 quiet是安静的 calm 是保持镇定的，silent 是不出声的。由语境可知本题答案。
答案：B。
基础演练
单词拼写
1.Some drivers ____________(忽视)the speed limit.
2.It made her ___________(心烦意乱的)that she didn’t well in the final exam.
3.The company_________(遭受) huge losses because of his careless.
4.She wore a long __________(宽松的)jacket.
5.I __________(碰巧)see her on my way to walk.
Keys：
1.ignore(d)2.upset 3.suffered 4. loose 5.happened to
巩固提高
二. 单项填空
1. She refused to offer any help, which quite _________all the people present.
A. excited B. frightened C. upset D. warned
2. The meeting was concerned _________reforms and everyone present was concerned _________their own interests.
A. with; for B. with; with C. for; about D. about; with
3. ——You are always full of_________. Can you tell me the secret?
——Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A. power B. strength C. force D. energy
4. My sister was always _________and careful while I would get excited and upset by the slightest thing.
A. silent B. calm C. quiet D. still
5.一I said hello to you in the street yesterday, but you_________ me completely.
一I’m sorry. Maybe I didn't notice you.
A. cheated B. hid C. ignored D. recognized
6. — what’s the matter with Rod?
— I think he's still________ that we forgot his birthday.
A. excited B. loose C. upset D. glad
7.—What’s wrong with him?
—He’s ________ a bad cold.
A. suffering from B. catching C. having on D. keeping on
8. My father said he would be ________ if the expert could give him some advice on how to give up smoking.
A. grateful B. surprised C. calm D. disappointed
9. (2015丰台一模)With a little more care, you _______ the traffic accident. It’s lucky that you just hurt your arm. ?
A.?can?avoid?? B.?avoided C.?had?avoided?? D.?could?have?avoided?
10.（2014山东聊城阶段性测试)_________English, she has to study a second language.
A. In addition to B. Beside C. In addition D. In addition that
11.（2014年湖北10月月考）I listened to Dr. Smith’s lecture about biology, but I failed to get its key.
A. words B. points C. remarks D. notes
12. (2014浙江苍南月考)In those days our primary ________was to provide people who were trapped in the snowstorm with food and health care.
A. anxiety B. concern C. incident D. doubt
13. (2014年陕西榆林仿真模拟)A driver should ______the road when _________.
A. concentrate on; drive B. concentrate in; driving
C. concentrate to; drove D. concentrate on; driving
Key: 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7.A 8. A 9. D 10. A 11.B
12. B 13. D
三．请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。
crazy, loose, calm, entirely, reason, thunder, share, German, habit, teenager, upset, communicate, outdoors, situation, advice
1 A?group of Frenchmen and _________ are visiting Window to the World.
2 Please wait in line. Everyone will get his ________.
3 The doorknob (门把手) has come _________. Who will fix it?
4 Don’t always stay indoors. You’d better go __________ for fun time.
5 I once studied some Japanese at college, but I’m afraid that I’ve __________ forgotten it now.
6 Don’t scold him. After all, he is only a __________.
7 __________ often follows lightning.
8 People say that __________ is second nature.
9?China?is going through good economic __________ these years.
10 Since you have question, why not turn to him for some __________?
11 My child spends most of the time playing online games. It really _________ me.
12 ___________ well with others is considered a kind of ability.
13 Seeing mother smiling at me among the audience, I felt _________ on the stage.
14 No one knew the __________ why he was absent from class a second time.
15 Seeing the famous film star appearing, all the fans became _________.
KEYS:
1 Germans? 2 share? 3 loose? 4 outdoors? 5 entirely? 6 teenager? 7 Thunder 8 habit? 9 situation? 10 advice? 11 upsets? 12 To communicate? 13 calm??14 reason? 15 crazy
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：
add up (to)? be concerned about? go through? set down? a series of on purpose? in order to? according to? get along with? fall in love (with)? join in? have got to? hide away? face to face
1. We’ve chatted online for some time but we have never met ___________.
2. It is nearly 11 o’clock yet he is not back. His mother ____________ him.
3. The Lius ___________ hard times before liberation.
4. ____________ get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam.
5. I think the window was broken ___________ by someone.
6. You should ___________ the language points on the blackboard. They are useful.
7 .They met at Tom’s party and later on ____________ with each other.
8. You can find ____________ English reading materials in the school library.
9. I am easy to be with and _____________my classmates pretty well.
10. They __________ in a small village so that they might not be found.
11. Which of the following statements is not right ____________ the above passage?
12 .It’s getting dark. I ___________ be off now.
13. More than 1,000 workers ___________ the general strike last week.
14. All her earnings _____________ about 3,000 yuan per month.
KEYS:
1. face to face? 2. is concerned about? 3. went through? 4. In order to??
5. on purpose? 6. set down? 7. fell in love? 8. a series of? 9. get along with??
10. hid away? 11. according to? 12 .have got to? 13. joined in? 14. adds up to
二. 阅读理解。
Good lesson
A university student was one day taking a walk with a professor, who was commonly called the students' friend for his kindness to those who waited on his instructions. As they went along, they saw lying in the path a pair of old shoes, which they supposed belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearly finished his day’s work.
The student turned to the professor, saying, “ Let’s play the man a trick: we’ll hide his shoes, and then place ourselves behind those bushes, waiting to see his confusion when he cannot find them.”
“My young friend, ” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor ”.But you may give yourself a much greater pleasure by means of doing this: “put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affects him. ”
The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes. The poor man soon finished his work and came to the path where he had left his coat and shoes. While putting on his coat, he slipped his foot into one of his shoes. Feeling something hard, he bent down to feel what it was and found the coin. Astonishment and wonder appeared on his face. He looked around, but no one was to be seen. He then put the money into his pocket and went on to put on the other shoe, but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin. His feeling overcame him. He fell upon his knee, looked up to heaven and gave sincere thanks to God, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread, whom the timely giving, from some unknown hand, would save from dying. had played your intended trick? ”
The youth replied, “You’ve taught me a lesson I'll never forget. I feel now the truth of those words which I never understood before: “It is more blessed to give than to receive.”
1. What trick had the student intended to play on the poor man?
A. Taking his shoes away
B. Putting coins in his shoes
C. Hiding his coat in the bushes
D. Astonishing him from his back.
2. When did the poor man find the coins in his shoes?
A. When picking the shoes up and shaking them
B. After examining the shoes carefully
C. When finding something shining in the shoes
D. After putting his feet in the shoes
3. How did the poor man feel when finding the coins?
A. Surprised and angry
B. Astonished and thankful
C. Doubtful and helpless
D. Confused and frightened
4. What did the student learn from this unforgettable lesson?
A. He must put coins in poor people’s shoes B. Giving makes him happier than receiving
C. He can always make himself more pleased D. Playing a trick on poor people is very impolite
KEY: 1-4：ADBB
三. 作文
假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。
*提出邀请并简述原因；
*提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）
*请求对方回复
注意：
1.请使用规范英语，词数不少于100；
2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
越剧：Shaoxing Opera 《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers
天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theater
Dear Chris,
I have good news to tell you.__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Jin
参考答案：
Dear Chris,
I have good news to tell you. A Shaoxing Opera named Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theater, which was just completed, at 2:00 p.m. on August 5th. It is because I know you like the culture of China, especially drama, that I would like to invite you to admire it.
As we all know, Butterfly Lovers is a traditional drama, telling about two young person’s moving love story. After watching it, shall we visit some places nearby, such as the art museum, in which lots of rich art will appeal to you enormously?
I would be very glad if you come. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Jin
Unit1 Friendship-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
通过本节课的学习掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法（1）
直接引语变间接引语（一）
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）
Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）
从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题，分述如下：
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs, them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：
He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)
They said , “our parents often go shopping with us.”
→They said their parents often go shopping with them.
二随宾:
He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”?
→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)
She said to Mary , “How is your brother now?”
→She asked Mary how her brother was then.
第三人称不更新:
He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时
He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(She’s →she had， her不变，your →my)
Mr. White said, “Hand is a good worker.”
→Mr. White said Hand was a good worker.
2. 时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态要作出相应的变化，当主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态；当主句为一般过去时，从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主过从过，主现从随意”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式：
can—could; may — might;
must — must/had to
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that she had not heard from him since May.
她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said, “I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”
→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。
Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
He said, “I shall be doing my homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”
→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。
⑧He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”
他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”
→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.
他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is ?round.老师说地球是圆的。
He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”?他说: “我1965年生于山东。”
→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。
He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”
→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”?他会说：“我已经浇花了。”
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他已经浇花了。
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1. 直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
She said, “Is your father an engineer?”?她说：“你父亲是工程师吗？”
→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。
The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗？”
→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。
2. 直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。
①“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么？
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。
“Where have you been, Li Ming?” the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明？”
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。
I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书？”
→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。
“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的？”
→My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。
注意： 直接引语里是：What’s wrong with……?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”
He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。
例1. She said to me that _________might keep ________book for two days.????
A.?she; this?? B.?I; that??? C.I; this????? D.?them; that?
例 2. ?Jimmy _______her if she had seen Tom there that afternoon.
A.?said to??????? ? B. asked ???? C.?told???????? D. asks
例3. ?My friend asked me _______I knew that day was her birthday.??
A. whether B.?that C. why D.?what
例4. He asked me _________.
A. where I lived ? B.?where did I live
C.?where am I living? D. where had I lived
例5.The visitor _____that he ________very glad to visit our country.
A.?said; was???? B.?said; had seen C.?told; was??????????? D. spoke; had been
基础演练
一．找出下列句子中的错误，并改正。
1.He said that he is going to London.
2.Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.
3.She asked me don’t smoke in the room.
4.They asked that he was there.
5.I asked you where was he going.
巩固提高
二．将下列句子改为间接引语。
1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”, Mother asked me.
2. The old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”
3. The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”
4. He said, “I'll go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”
5. “Hello, how are you?”, he said to me.
6. Tom said to me angrily, “Why don’t you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”
7. John said to Mary, “Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”
8. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.
9. The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”
一．下面句子中有一处错误，找出错误，并纠正。
1.The teacher told us not talk any more.
2.The doctor said to his wife,?Not wait for me.
3.He asked me who I am.
4.Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.
5. Mother asked what the matter was.
二．把下列句子变为直接引语。
1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.
2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.
3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.
4. The stranger asked me what my name was.
5. She said that she would finish her work the next day.
6. The teacher asked if we could do it.
7. My teacher asked whether he was coming.
8. The scientist asked me what I was doing.
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一．完成下面的单项选择。
1.The?pupil?asked?his?teacher?_____?round?the?earth.
A.?weather?the?moon?goes???????????????????????????????? B.?that?the?moon?went?
C.?whether?the?moon?goes???????????????????????????????? D.?whether?the?moon?went?
2.?Mr.?Li?____?Wang?Ling?____?a?taxi?to?the?airport.?
A.?asked;?take??????????????B.?asked;?taking???????????? C.?told;?take?????????????????D.?told;?to?take?
3.?She?asked?him?____.?
A.?whose?dictionary?this?is???????????????????????????????? B.?whose?dictionary?that?was?
C.?whose?dictionary?is?this???????????????????????????????? D.?whose?dictionary?that?is?
4.?Mary’s?mother?asked?her?_____.?
A.?that?whether?she?had?finished?her?homework?B.?if?she?has?finished?her?homework?
C.?if?she?had?finished?her?homework?????????????????? D.?that?if?she?had?finished?her?homework?
5.?Do?you?know?____??
A.?what?is?he?doing?????????????????????????????????????????? B.?what?he?doing?
C.?what?he?is?doing?????????????????????????????????????????? D.?what?does?he?do?now?
6.?I?don’t?know?____?to?learn?English.?
A.?when?did?he?begin???? B.?when?he?began????????? C.?he?when?began?????????D.?when?he?begins?
7.?He?asked?me?____.?
A.?how?would?the?weather?be?like?tomorrow?????? B.?what?the?weather?would?be?like?the?next?day?
C.?how?the?weather?would?be?like?tomorrow?????? D.?what?would?the?weather?be?like?the?next?day?
8.?You?can’t?imagine?____?when?they?received?these?nice?Spring?Festival?presents.?
A.?how?excited?they?were????????????????????????????????? B.?how?excited?were?they?
C.?how?they?were?excited????????????????????????????????? D.?they?were?how?excited?
9.?She?told?me?that?she?____?by?her?relatives?at?the?bus?stop.?
A.?had?been?seen?off????? B.?have?seen?off??????????? C.?have?been?seen?off????D.?had?seen?off?
10.?Do?you?remember?how?many?times?____?to?Australia??
A.?had?you?been??????????? B.?did?you?go???????????? C.?have?you?been?????????? D.?you?have?been?
11.?(2014北京卷）Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A. whatever B. whenever. C. wherever D.?however
12. (2014湖南卷）As John Lennon once said, life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
13.（2014福建卷）Pick yourself up. Courage is doing __________you're afraid to do.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
14.（2014大纲卷）Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A.?whether????????? B.?why?????????????? C.?when?????????????? D.?how
15.(2014北京)The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.
A. where B. when C. how ???????????????????? D.?why
二．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Accept Your Problems
Everybody thinks his or her problem is big and unique in the world. Many of us keep on thinking, worrying, and hurting ourselves 1 some problems arise in our life because we try to simply escape away from the pain.
There was once a(n) 2 who took on a project for solving problems 3 the human kind. It was a very 4 angel and wanted to score 100 percent, so it 5 all the people who were thinking a lot about their 6 and gave them a piece of paper. The angel 7 the people to write their problems down but not to write down their names.
8 wrote their problems in detail and folded the paper in half. Then they were told to put their paper in a common box placed before the angel.
“Now,” the angel said, “those who want to 9 your problems, please come forward. Pick one and your problem will be exchanged with the one on your chosen paper.”
There were all sorts of people there: poor, rich, smart, disabled. Every kind of person you can imagine. They all started picking and 10 the other person’s problem. To the angel’s and everyone’s 11 , their remarks and reactions were the same.
“Let me remain with my 12 problem. I can manage it. Oh God, I didn’t know this type of problem was also here in the world,” they exclaimed. They all now knew the extremity of the problems faced by others.
The 12 is simple. Just don’t worry about the problems. Problems are like wounds. They have their time and then they disappear. The more we think about them, the longer they remain.
14 leave your worries 15 and live happily forever.
1. A. when B. before C. till D. since
2. A. businessman B. angel C. minister D. barber
3. A. beside B. around C. by D. of
4. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. merciful D. genuine
5. A. admired B. benefited C. invited D. impressed
6 A. tricks B. faults C. problems D. questions
7. A. instructed B. challenged C. begged D. ordered
8. A. Anybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Everybody
9. A. solve B. seek C. exchange D. gain
10. A. reading B. selecting C. confirming D. spotting
11. A. disappointment B. anger C. happiness D. surprise
12. A. following B. unexpected C. existing D. limited
13. A. response B. conclusion C. phrase D. tradition
14. A. But B. For C. While D. So
15. A. behind B. off C. out D. On
Unit1 Friendship-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法（1）
直接引语变间接引语（一）
一、概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）
Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）
从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题，分述如下：
二、直接引语是陈述句时
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs, them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：
He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)
They said , “our parents often go shopping with us.”
→They said their parents often go shopping with them.
二随宾:
He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”?
→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)
She said to Mary , “How is your brother now?”
→She asked Mary how her brother was then.
第三人称不更新:
He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时
He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(She’s →she had， her不变，your →my)
Mr. White said, “Hand is a good worker.”
→Mr. White said Hand was a good worker.
2. 时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态要作出相应的变化，当主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态；当主句为一般过去时，从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主过从过，主现从随意”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式：
can—could; may — might;
must — must/had to
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：
He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that she had not heard from him since May.
她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said, “I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”
→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。
Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
He said, “I shall be doing my homework then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”
→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。
⑧He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”
他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”
→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.
他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。
注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is ?round.老师说地球是圆的。
He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”?他说: “我1965年生于山东。”
→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。
He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”
→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变
He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。
He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”?他会说：“我已经浇花了。”
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他已经浇花了。
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1. 直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
She said, “Is your father an engineer?”?她说：“你父亲是工程师吗？”
→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。
The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗？”
→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。
2. 直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。
①“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么？
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。
“Where have you been, Li Ming?” the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明？”
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。
I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书？”
→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。
“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的？”
→My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。
注意： 直接引语里是：What’s wrong with……?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”
He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。
例1. She said to me that _________might keep ________book for two days.????
A.?she; this?? B.?I; that??? C.I; this????? D.?them; that?
解析：句意：她对我说那本书我可以借用两天。根据句意可知，第一空用主格形式，第二空用that。
答案：B
例 2. ?Jimmy _______her if she had seen Tom there that afternoon.
A.?said to??????? ? B. asked ???? C.?told???????? D. asks
解析：句意：吉米问她那天下午是否在那里见到了汤姆。根据句中的if及had seen可知此处要选asked。 ????
答案：B
例3. ?My friend asked me _______I knew that day was her birthday.??
A. whether B.?that C. why D.?what
解析：本题考查宾语从句中引导词的考查，由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：我朋友问我是否知道哪天是她的生日。由语意可知宾语从句引导的是一个一般疑问句，所以要用引导词whether。
答案：A
例4. He asked me _________.
A. where I lived ? B.?where did I live
C.?where am I living? D. where had I lived
解析：本题考查宾语从句的用法，在宾语从句中一要注意时态，二看注意语序。主句时态为一般过去式，从句也要用过去的某个时态，在语序上要用陈述语序。由此可知本题答案。
答案：A
例5.The visitor _____that he ________very glad to visit our country.
A.?said; was???? B.?said; had seen???????C.?told; was???????????D. spoke; had been
解析:本句所表达的句意为“那位游客说来我们国家参观他很高兴。”tell的搭配为tell sb. that；speak后不能跟从句；say后可以直接跟that从句。had been是过去的过去，而此处不强调发生在said之前，所以用一般过去式即可。 由语境可知本题答案。
答案：A
基础演练
一．找出下列句子中的错误，并改正。
1.He said that he is going to London.
2.Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.
3.She asked me don’t smoke in the room.
4.They asked that he was there.
5.I asked you where was he going.
Keys：
1.is→was 2.yesterday→the day before? 3.don’t→not to??? 4.that→if 5.was he→ he was
巩固提高
二．将下列句子改为间接引语。
1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”, Mother asked me.
2. The old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”
3. The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”
4. He said, “I'll go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”
5. “Hello, how are you?”, he said to me.
6. Tom said to me angrily, “Why don’t you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”
7. John said to Mary, “Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”
8. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.
9. The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”
Key:
1.Mother asked me where I would go the next day.
2.The old woman asked me to lock the door for her.
3.The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.
4.He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.
5.He asked me how I was.
6.Tom asked me angrily why I didn't tell him I had been there for two weeks.
7.John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamond necklace from her.
8.I asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.
9.The nurse told the children that the sun rises in the east.
一．下面句子中有一处错误，找出错误，并纠正。
1.The teacher told us not talk any more.
2.The doctor said to his wife,?Not wait for me.
3.He asked me who I am.
4.Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.
5. Mother asked what the matter was.
KEYS:
1.not 后面加to 2.Not→Don't ? 3.am→was 4.tomorrow→the next day? 5.was the matter
二．把下列句子变为直接引语。
1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.
2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.
3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.
4. The stranger asked me what my name was.
5. She said that she would finish her work the next day.
6. The teacher asked if we could do it.
7. My teacher asked whether he was coming.
8. The scientist asked me what I was doing.
Keys:
1. I said to him, “I have lost my money . I will find it.”
2. She asked , “ You will be free tomorrow, won’t you?”
3. I asked her, “Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow?”
4. The stranger asked, “ What’s your name?”
5. “I’ll finish my work tomorrow,” she said.
6. The teacher asked, “Can you do it ?”
7. My teacher asked, “Is he coming?”
8. The scientist asked me, “What are you doing?”
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一．完成下面的单项选择。
1.The?pupil?asked?his?teacher?_____?round?the?earth.
A.?weather?the?moon?goes???????????????????????????????? B.?that?the?moon?went?
C.?whether?the?moon?goes???????????????????????????????? D.?whether?the?moon?went?
2.?Mr.?Li?____?Wang?Ling?____?a?taxi?to?the?airport.?
A.?asked;?take??????????????B.?asked;?taking???????????? C.?told;?take?????????????????D.?told;?to?take?
3.?She?asked?him?____.?
A.?whose?dictionary?this?is???????????????????????????????? B.?whose?dictionary?that?was?
C.?whose?dictionary?is?this???????????????????????????????? D.?whose?dictionary?that?is?
4.?Mary’s?mother?asked?her?_____.?
A.?that?whether?she?had?finished?her?homework?B.?if?she?has?finished?her?homework?
C.?if?she?had?finished?her?homework?????????????????? D.?that?if?she?had?finished?her?homework?
5.?Do?you?know?____??
A.?what?is?he?doing?????????????????????????????????????????? B.?what?he?doing?
C.?what?he?is?doing?????????????????????????????????????????? D.?what?does?he?do?now?
6.?I?don’t?know?____?to?learn?English.?
A.?when?did?he?begin???? B.?when?he?began????????? C.?he?when?began?????????D.?when?he?begins?
7.?He?asked?me?____.?
A.?how?would?the?weather?be?like?tomorrow?????? B.?what?the?weather?would?be?like?the?next?day?
C.?how?the?weather?would?be?like?tomorrow?????? D.?what?would?the?weather?be?like?the?next?day?
8.?You?can’t?imagine?____?when?they?received?these?nice?Spring?Festival?presents.?
A.?how?excited?they?were????????????????????????????????? B.?how?excited?were?they?
C.?how?they?were?excited????????????????????????????????? D.?they?were?how?excited?
9.?She?told?me?that?she?____?by?her?relatives?at?the?bus?stop.?
A.?had?been?seen?off????? B.?have?seen?off??????????? C.?have?been?seen?off????D.?had?seen?off?
10.?Do?you?remember?how?many?times?____?to?Australia??
A.?had?you?been??????????? B.?did?you?go???????????? C.?have?you?been?????????? D.?you?have?been?
11.?(2014北京卷）Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A. whatever B. whenever. C. wherever D.?however
12. (2014湖南卷）As John Lennon once said, life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
13.（2014福建卷）Pick yourself up. Courage is doing __________you're afraid to do.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
14.（2014大纲卷）Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A.?whether????????? B.?why?????????????? C.?when?????????????? D.?how
15.(2014北京)The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.
A. where B. when C. how ???????????????????? D.?why
KEYS: 1—5CDBCC；6—10 BBAAD；11—15 BCBC B
二．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Accept Your Problems
Everybody thinks his or her problem is big and unique in the world. Many of us keep on thinking, worrying, and hurting ourselves 1 some problems arise in our life because we try to simply escape away from the pain.
There was once a(n) 2 who took on a project for solving problems 3 the human kind. It was a very 4 angel and wanted to score 100 percent, so it 5 all the people who were thinking a lot about their 6 and gave them a piece of paper. The angel 7 the people to write their problems down but not to write down their names.
8 wrote their problems in detail and folded the paper in half. Then they were told to put their paper in a common box placed before the angel.
“Now,” the angel said, “those who want to 9 your problems, please come forward. Pick one and your problem will be exchanged with the one on your chosen paper.”
There were all sorts of people there: poor, rich, smart, disabled. Every kind of person you can imagine. They all started picking and 10 the other person’s problem. To the angel’s and everyone’s 11 , their remarks and reactions were the same.
“Let me remain with my 12 problem. I can manage it. Oh God, I didn’t know this type of problem was also here in the world,” they exclaimed. They all now knew the extremity of the problems faced by others.
The 12 is simple. Just don’t worry about the problems. Problems are like wounds. They have their time and then they disappear. The more we think about them, the longer they remain.
14 leave your worries 15 and live happily forever.
1. A. when B. before C. till D. since
2. A. businessman B. angel C. minister D. barber
3. A. beside B. around C. by D. of
4. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. merciful D. genuine
5. A. admired B. benefited C. invited D. impressed
6 A. tricks B. faults C. problems D. questions
7. A. instructed B. challenged C. begged D. ordered
8. A. Anybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Everybody
9. A. solve B. seek C. exchange D. gain
10. A. reading B. selecting C. confirming D. spotting
11. A. disappointment B. anger C. happiness D. surprise
12. A. following B. unexpected C. existing D. limited
13. A. response B. conclusion C. phrase D. tradition
14. A. But B. For C. While D. So
15. A. behind B. off C. out D. On
KEYS: 1-5 . A B D B C 6-10. C A D C A 11-15 . D C B D A
