Unit4 Earthquakes-词汇篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握本单元的重点单词、短语及句型。
一．重点单词与短语
1. right away
原句回放：Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. 假设你的房子开始晃动，你必须立刻离开。
点拨：right away意为“立刻，马上”，同义短语为at once。
Are you leaving right away? 你马上就走吗?
Call the police right away. 立刻报警！
拓展：表示“立刻”的短语：right away, without delay, immediately, at once, in no time, right now（right now强调此刻，相当于at this moment）
Please see into this matter without delay. 请立即调查这件事情。
Right now I am in London. 此刻我在伦敦。
2. burst
原句回放：In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂了。
点拨：burst (burst, burst) vi. 破裂；胀破；爆裂
The balloon suddenly burst. 气球突然爆炸了。
I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。
n．爆发；突然爆裂
I tend to work in bursts. 我的工作劲头往往是一阵一阵的。
a burst of anger 勃然大怒
【拓展】常用短语：
burst into + n. = burst out doing sth. 突然……起来
burst into tears/song/laughter= burst out crying/singing/laughing 突然大哭/唱歌/大笑
burst into a room=break into a room 破门而入
He burst into the room without knocking. 他不敲门就进了房间。
burst (sth.) open （使）突然打开
burst in 突然打断，插嘴
burst with 充满
he roads are bursting with cars. 路上塞满了汽车。
be bursting to do sth. 急于（或迫切想）做某事
at a (one) burst 一口气，一下子
3. at an end
原句回放：It seemed as if the world was at an end. 仿佛到了世界末日！
点拨：at an end 结束，终结
The hot days are at last at an end. 炎热的天气终于结束了！
拓展：常用短语：
at the end of 在……尽头；末端（指时间或空间的一个终点）
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止（常与完成时态连用）
By the end of last month, he had been on that ship for two years.
到上个月为止，他在那艘船上已经两年了。
bring sth. to an end (使)结束；终止
come to an end 结束
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出，靠微薄收入为生
put an end to 使结束
The year is at an end/coming to an end. 一年结束了。
in the end 最后, 结果
She tried many times to pass the exam, and in the end she succeeded.
他试了很多次去通过考试，最终他成功了。
4. ruin
原句回放：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的十五秒钟内，一座大城市变成了废墟。
点拨：ruin n. 毁灭；废墟。表示“废墟、遗迹”时常用ruins：
the ruins of ancient Rome 古罗马遗迹；in ruins 荒芜的；be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；
fall into/go to ruin 衰落；败落
The castle now lies in ruins. 这座古堡已成废墟。
bring sth. / sb. to ruin 使某物毁灭；使某人破产
The war brought ruin to the country. 战争毁了这个国家。
v. 毁坏；毁掉；使破产
I was ruined by the law case. 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
ruin oneself 毁掉自己
ruin one’s hopes 使某人希望破灭
拓展：destroy, ruin, damage的区别
damage 指部分“损坏”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与to something 连用
destroy 只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。
ruin 则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”解；用作名词时，它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。
例句：
Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm.
暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。
The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。
His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。
The house has fallen into ruin. 房子倒塌了。
The company is facing ruin. 这家公司面临破产。
5. dig out
原句回放：The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
点拨：dig out 挖出，翻找出
The injured men have been dug out of the snow. 受伤人员从雪中被挖了出来。
The truth was dug out. 真相被揭露出来了。
Why did you dig out all these old magazines? 你把这些旧杂志翻出来做什么?
拓展：相关短语：
dig down 挖倒
dig in 挖土以渗进（肥料等）；开始做细致工作
dig for 发掘，搜集（资料等）
dig into 钻研，掘进去
dig at 讽刺，挖苦
6. a (great) number of
原句回放：Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 这么大数量的人们死去是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。
点拨：a great number of 许多、大量的，后面一定要加可数名词复数。
A great number of problems have arisen. 出现了许多问题。
The concert attracted a great number of people. 音乐会吸引了许多人。
拓展：表示“许多”的短语归纳：
后接可数名词复数：
a large/ great/ good number of; a great/ good many; a good few/ quite a few
后接可数名词单数：many a +可数名词单数+ 单数谓语动词
后接不可数名词：a great/ good deal of; a great/ large amount of; quite a little
后接可数名词/不可数名词均可：a lot of/ lots of; a great/ large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of
7. injure
原句回放：Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。
点拨：injure vt. 伤害；使……受伤；injure也可以表示“损害（名誉），伤害（感情）”。
His back was injured. 他的后背受伤。
There were two people injured in the car accident. 在这次车祸中有两人受伤。
He spoke in an injured voice. 他用委屈的声音说话。
拓展：辨析injure, wound, hurt
injure 指由于意外或事故受伤，为一时难愈之伤。
wound 指外伤，特别是枪伤、刀伤、剑伤。
hurt 是“受伤”的一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，亦可指精神上的伤害，还可做不及物动词，意为“疼痛；引起痛苦”。
例句：
He can’t play today because he’s injured his knee. 因为伤了膝盖，他今天不能比赛。
The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹伤了他的胳膊?
His words hurt me. 他的话伤我了?
My knees hurt and my feet hurt, too. 我的膝盖疼，脚也疼。
8. shock
原句回放：People were shocked. 人们感到震惊。
点拨：shock v. “使震惊”，语气强烈。以人做主语时，用被动形式。后接介词at/by时表示“对……吃惊”；后接不定式时表示“因做某事而吃惊”。
be shocked at/by… 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 很吃惊地……
It shocked sb. to see/hear… 看到/听到……使某人震惊
They were shocked by her rudeness. 他们被她的粗鲁震惊了。
It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.
想到我们差点丧命，我心惊肉跳。
n. 冲击，震惊, 表示“一件令人吃惊的事”时一般为可数名词。
with/from shock 由于震惊
suffer from shock 休克
be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个打击
t was a great shock for him when his wife died. 他妻子的死对他来说是一个重大的打击。
拓展：shocking 令人震惊的，骇人听闻的；shocked 受震惊的，惊愕的
The result of the game is shocking. 游戏结果令人震惊。
I’m shocked at his change. 我对他的改变十分吃惊。
9. rescue
原句回放：Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中。
点拨：rescue v. 救援，救助
rescue sb./ sth from… 把某人/某物从……中解救出来
rescue sb. from danger 救某人脱险
They rescued the boy from drowning. 他们挽救了落水的孩子。
He rescued three children from the burning building. 他从燃烧的建筑物中救出了三个孩子。
n. 救援；营救，可以放在名词前作定语。
The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. 救援队一周进行了十次救援工作。
come to/go to sb’s rescue 来/去营救某人
拓展：辨析rescue，save
rescue “营救；援救”，指从直接的、迫在眉睫的危险中解救。
save “救；拯救”，为一般用语，指通过救援使其脱离危险祸患并能安全生存下去。
例句：
A team was sent away to rescue the people trapped in the fire. 一支队伍被派去救援困在火灾中的人们。
They could think of no way to save the situation. 他们想不出什么办法来挽救这个局势。
10. trap
原句回放：Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中。
点拨：trap v. 困住；关住；使陷入危险之中
be trapped in… 困住……中，陷在……中
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
The car was trapped in the deep snow. 汽车陷在厚厚的雪中。
n. 陷阱；圈套
Look! A mouse was caught in the trap. 看，一只老鼠掉进陷阱。
She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 她为他设下了一个圈套，他径直走进去了。
11. bury
原句回放The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
点拨：bury v. 埋葬；埋藏；隐藏
Where is she buried? 她被葬在哪里？
The dog buried a bone in the ground.狗埋了一块骨头在地下。
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
She buried her face in her hands and cried. 她双手掩面，哭了。
bury oneself in sth. /doing sth. =be buried in… 专心致志于……
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
be buried in thoughts 沉思
12. congratulation
原句回放：Congratulation! We are pleased to tell you that... 祝贺你！我们非常高兴地告诉你……
点拨：congratulation n. “祝贺；贺词”，常用复数，但表抽象意义时不用复数。
offer/send one’s congratulations to sb. on sth. 就某事向某人表示祝贺
We offered our congratulations to him on his success. 我们就他的成功向他表示祝贺。
congratulate v. 祝贺
congratulate sb. on/ upon sth. 祝贺某人……
I congratulated them all on their results. 我对他们的结果表示祝贺。
congratulate sb. on doing sth. 祝贺某人做了某事
congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. 庆幸自己(做了)某事
I congratulated myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.
我很庆幸自己娶了一个好女人做妻子。
拓展辨析congratulate，celebrate
congratulate “祝贺”，多是个人行为，个人之间的祝贺。
celebrate “庆祝”，后面常接生日、胜利、纪念日等名词，即宾语是sth.，通常是以多人参加的某种形式进行。
例句：
We’re celebrating our grandpa’s ninetieth birthday next week.
我们下周要庆祝奶奶的九十岁生日。
—We’re getting married. 我们要结婚了。
—Congratulations! 祝贺你！
13. judge
原句回放：Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 五人评审团听了你的演讲，一致同意这是本年度最佳演讲。
点拨：judge n．裁判员；法官
The judge’s decision is final. 裁判的决定为最终决定。
v. 判定；判断；认为
As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame. 依我看，他们都该受到责备。
judging from/by… 从……判断
Judging from his accent, he is an American. 从他的口音判断，他是美国人。
Don’t judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人。
judge sb/sth. to be 认为某人、某物……
I judge him to be about 50. 我认为他大约五十岁。
14. rise, raise词义辨析
原句回放：The cyclists hope to raise money to help tens of thousands of children in disaster-hit areas in China. 自行车手们希望能募集一些钱来帮助中国受灾地区的成千上万的孩子。
raise 在句中意为“募集”，相当于collect。raise为及物动词，意为“举起；使升起；提高；喂养；募集”
rise 是不及物动词，指日、月。物价、烟、温度、河水及人的职位的意为“上升；上涨；增加”。无被动语态。
例句：
He rose from his chair when the door bell rang. 当门铃响起的时候他从椅子上站起来。
Her job is raising chickens. 她的工作是养鸡。
Her temperature is still rising. 她的温度还在上升。
15. nation, country, state 词义辨析
原句回放：One-third of the nation felt it. 这个国家的三分之一都感觉到了。
country 指国家时，侧重疆土或人口。
nation 指国家时，侧重人民、民族。
state 指国家时，侧重政体、政府，也可指组成国家的“州”。
例句：
China is a socialist country. 中国是一个社会主义国家。
The whole nation was sad at the news. 听到这个消息，举国悲伤。
Queensland is one of the states of Australia. 昆士兰是澳大利亚的一个州。
16. event, accident, happening, occurrence词义辨析
原句回放：But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是这个城市（唐山市）的一百万市民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当晚照常睡着了。
event 主要指重要的事件(国家的、社会的、边界的等) 。
accident 一般指意外发生的不幸事件。
happening 多指日常生活中发生的一般事件；有时也指偶然发生的事。和occurrence用法相同。
occurrence 多指日常生活中发生的一般事件；有时也指偶然发生的事。
例句：
This is one of the chief events of this year. 这是今年发生的重要事件之一。
Over 70,000 people are killed or seriously injured every year in road accidents.
每年在道路事故中有超过七万人丧生或严重受伤。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 那么被鲨鱼伤害就是常见的事了。
There were some unusual happenings at school last week.
上周学校发生了一些不同寻常的事。
二. 重点句型
1. too...to的用法
原句回放：In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡，甚至猪紧张得吃不下东西。
点拨：too…to… 太……而不能……，具有否定意义
She is too short to reach the book on the shelf. 她太矮了，够不着架上的书。
=She is not tall enough to reach the book on the shelf.
=She is so short that she can’t reach the book on the shelf.
与too…to…意义相反的结构是enough…to…
He’s old enough to travel by himself. 他够大了，可以自己旅游了。
too…to…在下列情况中表示肯定意义：
1.当too前有far, much, but, only等加强语气的词修饰时，意为“非常/十分……”。
Wang Jun was only too glad to meet his girlfriend. 王军非常高兴地见到他女朋友。
2. 当too后面接anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, kind等表示某种心情或描绘性形容词时，表示肯定意义。
The two thieves were too anxious to leave. 两个贼急于离开。
I’m too delighted to accept your invitation. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。
3. too前面有否定词（如never, can’t）时表肯定，“非常，不会不”。
It’s never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。
2. All...not.... 不是所有的……都……
原句回放:：All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
点拨：否定词no或not等与表示总括意义的不定代词，如everything, everybody，both等连用时，表示部分否定。其完全否定形式用nothing，nobody，none，neither等表示。
部分否定：
All answers are not correct. =Not all answers are correct. 不是所有的答案都对。
Not both of them smoke. =Both of them don’t smoke. 并不是他们两人都吸烟。
完全否定：
None of the answers is correct. 所有的答案都不对。
Neither of them smokes. 他们俩都不吸烟。
拓展：频度副词often, always等与not连用也是部分否定，表示“并非经常，并非总是”。
He doesn’t often come late. 他并非经常迟到。
He is not always so sad. 他不总是这么伤心。
3. ...as if... ……如同……
原句回放：It seemed as if the world was at an end! 看起来好像世界末日到了！
点拨：as if 是连词词组，意为“好像，好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型It looks/ seems as if...
中，其意思是“看起来好像……”。如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况
时，句子要用陈述语气；当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚
拟语气。
They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈起来就像多年的老朋友。
She loves the children as if they were her own.
她爱这些孩子就像他们是她自己的孩子一样。
It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了。
拓展：用法类似的句型：
It seems (to sb.) that/as if... (对某人来说)似乎……，as if 后面可用虚拟语气。
seem to be/like＋n.... 似乎……，好像……
seem to be doing sth. / seem to have done sth. 好像正在做/已经做了某事
seem (to be) ＋n./adj. 似乎是……
There seems to be... 好像有……
I seemed to have left my book at home. 我似乎把书落在家里了。
It looks as if they are having a party next door. 看起来他们在隔壁开一个派对。
例1.（2014福建四地六校月考）Price of daily goods _________sharply. What shall we common people do?
A. have been rising B. have raised
C. have been risen D. have been raising
例2.(2014吉林长春期中)_________the answer, the boy, who asked the question , still stood with his hand_________.
A. Giving; raised B. Giving; rising C. Given; risen D. Given; raised
例3. It will at least take five months to repair the ship that was seriously ______by the hurricane （飓风）.
A. hurt B. ruined C. damaged D. broken
例4 –When she saw the ________tiger , her face turned pale_________.
A. frightening, with fear B. frightened, with fear
C. frightening, at fear D. frightened, at fear
例5.Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _________he had done something very clever.
A. as if B. in case C. while D. though
例6.（2014·湖北高考）Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he__________destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily
例7.（2014·辽宁高考）The accident caused some ________to my car, but it’ s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
基础演练
一、根据提示完成句子。
1. Dead and _____ __(受伤的) people lay everywhere after the terrible accident.
2. That place is dirty and _______（有气味的）.
3. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ______（爆炸）.
4. The firemen ________(营救) the boy from the burning house.
5. It is reported that there were only 5 _____ (幸存者) in the accident.
6. A great many houses were ________（毁坏）in the earthquakes and many people became homeless.
7. The railway tracks were now ______（没用的）pieces of steel.
巩固提高
二．选择词组并用其正确形式填空。
think little of, dig out, in ruins, right away, be trapped in, as if, be proud of, blow away, at en end, fall down, a great number of, suffer from, be buried in
1. We are expecting to ________some important facts.
2. The whole city lay ___________ after the terrible earthquake.
3. He ___________ my advice and that made me angry.
4. Suddenly a strong wind came and _______ the roofs of their new houses.
5. Some people will feel happy _____ if they have a book in their hands.
6. The little girl ________ because of running too fast.
7. He has grasped ______ English idioms this term.
8. I must warn you that my patience is almost ______.
9. She _______ her son, who did well at university and now is a doctor.
10. My father has _______ his heart illness for about 20 years.
11. He acted______ he were a doctor.
12. Since she left, he is ______ his work.
13. In that area, many dogs are trained to look for people ______ the snow.
1.The audience waited until Shenzhou-X touched the ground and then _________applause.
A. burst out B. burst on C. burst in D. burst into
2.The more careful pedestrians are walking on the road，_________________ .
A. there will be less accidents B. the less there will be accidents
C. the less accidents will there be D. the less accidents there will be
3. —Many people are suffering from the earthquake.
—I see. Food and clothes should be sent to them _________.
A. on purpose B.at present C. right away D. ever since
4. It was a_______ night，the dam cracked and then burst under the weight of water.
A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. frightens
5.Alice,__________on your wonderful performance！I’ll treat you to cold drinks.
A. congratulation B. good luck
C. congratulations D. good lucks
6.—Mum，I’ve at last passed the final exam.
—__________
A. Congratulations! B. That’s all right. C. Good luck. D. Really good.
7.It_________everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.
A. suffered B. shocked C. persuaded D. destroyed
8.—Why did you throw your radio away?
—Water had got into it，and it was completely ___________.
A. ugly B. smelly C. useless D. fluent
9.Soon after the quake，one thousand soldiers were sent out to _______the miners from the local coal mine.
A. shelter B. rescue C. bury D. injure
10.Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area________.
A.in fear B.in silence C.in ruins D.in peace
11.—What’s the matter? It seems _________you’ve caught a cold.
—Oh，I’m just too tired.
A.as if B. ever since C. because D. when
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一．单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands.
A. with B. on C. in D. to
( )2. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
( )3. _____ from the number of the cars, he thought, there were still many people at the club.
A. To judge B. Judged
C. Judging D. Having judged
( )4. —I have some big news for you. You’ve been accepted as a member of our club.
—_____ That’s great!
A. Have I? B. Pardon?
C. Congratulations! D. Good idea!
( )5. Luckily, the traffic accident didn’t do _____ either of the cars.
A. much damage in B. many damage in
C. much damage to D. many damages to
( )6. He is the only one of the boys who _____ a winner of the first prize for 3 years.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
( )7. _____ foreigners come to our school for a visit every year.
A. A great number B. A good many of
C. A great deal D. A great many
( )8. The bus driver was badly ______ on both legs in the traffic accident.
A. wounded B. harmed
C. injured D. destroyed
( )9. Believe it or not, Levy’s sister suddenly ______ tears when we were eating.
A. burst out B. burst in
C. burst into D. burst on
( )10. “Wash your hands with soap ______ the experiment, ”the teacher said to his students.
A. in the end of B. in the end
C. to the end D. at the end of[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]
( )11. He rose to show that the conversation was _____.
A. come to an end B. at an end
C. at the end of D. to the end
( )12. Hold on a moment and we will go to your ______ right away.
A. trap B. track
C. rescue D. request
( )13. Mr. Richard hasn’t got any time to play golf these days, because he is ______ in the research of bird language.
A. devoted B. concentrated
C. buried D. spared
( )14. The shop manager always says to her assistants, “We can never be ______ polite to our customers.”
A. so B. more C. too D. that
( )15. (2014年可北保定模拟)The teacher told us that the sun _____in the east.
A. rises B. rose C. raises D. raised
二．完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Our family finally managed to get together, but in a few days we scattered(分开) again to the ends of the earth, and I will begin my new job in a new city. My family has never been 1 in this way. When I think about the 2 future, my heart felt grayish（灰色的）.
When I 3 in the morning, it was raining outside and the sky was as 4 as my mood. My daughter 5 the new skirt that her uncle bought and she flew around the departure hall（候机厅） in the 6 and drew a small and beautiful picture in the dim crowd.
The airplane had a good 7 of newspapers, magazines, television programs, food and drinks. The meal even 8 a serving of Haagen-Dazs ice cream. This small present brightened me up 9 . The gentle smile of the stewardess（空姐）was as beautiful as the 10 after the rain.
When I 11 the airport, the language that entered my 12 was completely different from what I was 13 three hours ago. Although the street lights were as 14 as Allentown’s, the different clothes and expressions of the people 15 me that I am in a new world. I stood in the busy streets like Alice 16 the world in a fairy tale. My heart was 17 with puzzlement about the uncertain future and longing for the new life. When I 18 being able to do what I like once more, that I will make new 19 and that I can enjoy the fun of exploration. I could not 20 to think about starting my new life.
( )1. A. separated B. gathered C. divided D. surprised
( )2. A. bright B. exciting C. uncertain D. unusual
( )3. A. stood up B. got up C. stayed up D. woke up
( )4. A. clear B. high C. dark D. gray
( )5. A. dressed B. wore C. liked D. had
( )6. A. station B. airport C. port D. house
( )7. A. offer B. number C. supply D. amount
( )8. A. included B. contained C. followed D. matched
( )9. A. successfully B. especially C. eventually D. fortunately
( )10. A. rainbow B. ground C. sky D. flower
( )11. A. got on B. got off C. left away D. took off
( )12. A. mouth B. eyes C. mind D. ears
( )13. A. finding B. learning C. hearing D. listening
( )14. A. long B. well C. brilliant D. many
( )15. A. told B. reminded C. suggested D. explained
( )16. A. visiting B. traveling C. wandering D. exploring
( )17. A. full B. filled C. satisfied D. pleased
( )18. A. set about B. set out C. thought over D. thought about
( )19. A. friends B. enemies C. mistakes D. progress
( )20. A. wait B. help C. decide D. afford
Unit4 Earthquakes-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
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通过本节课的学习掌握本单元的重点单词、短语及句型。
一．重点单词与短语
1. right away
原句回放：Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. 假设你的房子开始晃动，你必须立刻离开。
点拨：right away意为“立刻，马上”，同义短语为at once。
Are you leaving right away? 你马上就走吗?
Call the police right away. 立刻报警！
拓展：表示“立刻”的短语：right away, without delay, immediately, at once, in no time, right now（right now强调此刻，相当于at this moment）
Please see into this matter without delay. 请立即调查这件事情。
Right now I am in London. 此刻我在伦敦。
2. burst
原句回放：In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂了。
点拨：burst (burst, burst) vi. 破裂；胀破；爆裂
The balloon suddenly burst. 气球突然爆炸了。
I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。
n．爆发；突然爆裂
I tend to work in bursts. 我的工作劲头往往是一阵一阵的。
a burst of anger 勃然大怒
【拓展】常用短语：
burst into + n. = burst out doing sth. 突然……起来
burst into tears/song/laughter= burst out crying/singing/laughing 突然大哭/唱歌/大笑
burst into a room=break into a room 破门而入
He burst into the room without knocking. 他不敲门就进了房间。
burst (sth.) open （使）突然打开
burst in 突然打断，插嘴
burst with 充满
he roads are bursting with cars. 路上塞满了汽车。
be bursting to do sth. 急于（或迫切想）做某事
at a (one) burst 一口气，一下子
3. at an end
原句回放：It seemed as if the world was at an end. 仿佛到了世界末日！
点拨：at an end 结束，终结
The hot days are at last at an end. 炎热的天气终于结束了！
拓展：常用短语：
at the end of 在……尽头；末端（指时间或空间的一个终点）
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止（常与完成时态连用）
By the end of last month, he had been on that ship for two years.
到上个月为止，他在那艘船上已经两年了。
bring sth. to an end (使)结束；终止
come to an end 结束
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出，靠微薄收入为生
put an end to 使结束
The year is at an end/coming to an end. 一年结束了。
in the end 最后, 结果
She tried many times to pass the exam, and in the end she succeeded.
他试了很多次去通过考试，最终他成功了。
4. ruin
原句回放：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的十五秒钟内，一座大城市变成了废墟。
点拨：ruin n. 毁灭；废墟。表示“废墟、遗迹”时常用ruins：
the ruins of ancient Rome 古罗马遗迹；in ruins 荒芜的；be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；
fall into/go to ruin 衰落；败落
The castle now lies in ruins. 这座古堡已成废墟。
bring sth. / sb. to ruin 使某物毁灭；使某人破产
The war brought ruin to the country. 战争毁了这个国家。
v. 毁坏；毁掉；使破产
I was ruined by the law case. 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
ruin oneself 毁掉自己
ruin one’s hopes 使某人希望破灭
拓展：destroy, ruin, damage的区别
damage 指部分“损坏”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与to something 连用
destroy 只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。
ruin 则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”解；用作名词时，它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。
例句：
Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm.
暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。
The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。
His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。
The house has fallen into ruin. 房子倒塌了。
The company is facing ruin. 这家公司面临破产。
5. dig out
原句回放：The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
点拨：dig out 挖出，翻找出
The injured men have been dug out of the snow. 受伤人员从雪中被挖了出来。
The truth was dug out. 真相被揭露出来了。
Why did you dig out all these old magazines? 你把这些旧杂志翻出来做什么?
拓展：相关短语：
dig down 挖倒
dig in 挖土以渗进（肥料等）；开始做细致工作
dig for 发掘，搜集（资料等）
dig into 钻研，掘进去
dig at 讽刺，挖苦
6. a (great) number of
原句回放：Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 这么大数量的人们死去是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。
点拨：a great number of 许多、大量的，后面一定要加可数名词复数。
A great number of problems have arisen. 出现了许多问题。
The concert attracted a great number of people. 音乐会吸引了许多人。
拓展：表示“许多”的短语归纳：
后接可数名词复数：
a large/ great/ good number of; a great/ good many; a good few/ quite a few
后接可数名词单数：many a +可数名词单数+ 单数谓语动词
后接不可数名词：a great/ good deal of; a great/ large amount of; quite a little
后接可数名词/不可数名词均可：a lot of/ lots of; a great/ large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of
7. injure
原句回放：Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。
点拨：injure vt. 伤害；使……受伤；injure也可以表示“损害（名誉），伤害（感情）”。
His back was injured. 他的后背受伤。
There were two people injured in the car accident. 在这次车祸中有两人受伤。
He spoke in an injured voice. 他用委屈的声音说话。
拓展：辨析injure, wound, hurt
injure 指由于意外或事故受伤，为一时难愈之伤。
wound 指外伤，特别是枪伤、刀伤、剑伤。
hurt 是“受伤”的一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，亦可指精神上的伤害，还可做不及物动词，意为“疼痛；引起痛苦”。
例句：
He can’t play today because he’s injured his knee. 因为伤了膝盖，他今天不能比赛。
The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹伤了他的胳膊?
His words hurt me. 他的话伤我了?
My knees hurt and my feet hurt, too. 我的膝盖疼，脚也疼。
8. shock
原句回放：People were shocked. 人们感到震惊。
点拨：shock v. “使震惊”，语气强烈。以人做主语时，用被动形式。后接介词at/by时表示“对……吃惊”；后接不定式时表示“因做某事而吃惊”。
be shocked at/by… 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth. 很吃惊地……
It shocked sb. to see/hear… 看到/听到……使某人震惊
They were shocked by her rudeness. 他们被她的粗鲁震惊了。
It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.
想到我们差点丧命，我心惊肉跳。
n. 冲击，震惊, 表示“一件令人吃惊的事”时一般为可数名词。
with/from shock 由于震惊
suffer from shock 休克
be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个打击
t was a great shock for him when his wife died. 他妻子的死对他来说是一个重大的打击。
拓展：shocking 令人震惊的，骇人听闻的；shocked 受震惊的，惊愕的
The result of the game is shocking. 游戏结果令人震惊。
I’m shocked at his change. 我对他的改变十分吃惊。
9. rescue
原句回放：Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中。
点拨：rescue v. 救援，救助
rescue sb./ sth from… 把某人/某物从……中解救出来
rescue sb. from danger 救某人脱险
They rescued the boy from drowning. 他们挽救了落水的孩子。
He rescued three children from the burning building. 他从燃烧的建筑物中救出了三个孩子。
n. 救援；营救，可以放在名词前作定语。
The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. 救援队一周进行了十次救援工作。
come to/go to sb’s rescue 来/去营救某人
拓展：辨析rescue，save
rescue “营救；援救”，指从直接的、迫在眉睫的危险中解救。
save “救；拯救”，为一般用语，指通过救援使其脱离危险祸患并能安全生存下去。
例句：
A team was sent away to rescue the people trapped in the fire. 一支队伍被派去救援困在火灾中的人们。
They could think of no way to save the situation. 他们想不出什么办法来挽救这个局势。
10. trap
原句回放：Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中。
点拨：trap v. 困住；关住；使陷入危险之中
be trapped in… 困住……中，陷在……中
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
The car was trapped in the deep snow. 汽车陷在厚厚的雪中。
n. 陷阱；圈套
Look! A mouse was caught in the trap. 看，一只老鼠掉进陷阱。
She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 她为他设下了一个圈套，他径直走进去了。
11. bury
原句回放The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
点拨：bury v. 埋葬；埋藏；隐藏
Where is she buried? 她被葬在哪里？
The dog buried a bone in the ground.狗埋了一块骨头在地下。
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
She buried her face in her hands and cried. 她双手掩面，哭了。
bury oneself in sth. /doing sth. =be buried in… 专心致志于……
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
be buried in thoughts 沉思
12. congratulation
原句回放：Congratulation! We are pleased to tell you that... 祝贺你！我们非常高兴地告诉你……
点拨：congratulation n. “祝贺；贺词”，常用复数，但表抽象意义时不用复数。
offer/send one’s congratulations to sb. on sth. 就某事向某人表示祝贺
We offered our congratulations to him on his success. 我们就他的成功向他表示祝贺。
congratulate v. 祝贺
congratulate sb. on/ upon sth. 祝贺某人……
I congratulated them all on their results. 我对他们的结果表示祝贺。
congratulate sb. on doing sth. 祝贺某人做了某事
congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. 庆幸自己(做了)某事
I congratulated myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.
我很庆幸自己娶了一个好女人做妻子。
拓展辨析congratulate，celebrate
congratulate “祝贺”，多是个人行为，个人之间的祝贺。
celebrate “庆祝”，后面常接生日、胜利、纪念日等名词，即宾语是sth.，通常是以多人参加的某种形式进行。
例句：
We’re celebrating our grandpa’s ninetieth birthday next week.
我们下周要庆祝奶奶的九十岁生日。
—We’re getting married. 我们要结婚了。
—Congratulations! 祝贺你！
13. judge
原句回放：Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 五人评审团听了你的演讲，一致同意这是本年度最佳演讲。
点拨：judge n．裁判员；法官
The judge’s decision is final. 裁判的决定为最终决定。
v. 判定；判断；认为
As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame. 依我看，他们都该受到责备。
judging from/by… 从……判断
Judging from his accent, he is an American. 从他的口音判断，他是美国人。
Don’t judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人。
judge sb/sth. to be 认为某人、某物……
I judge him to be about 50. 我认为他大约五十岁。
14. rise, raise词义辨析
原句回放：The cyclists hope to raise money to help tens of thousands of children in disaster-hit areas in China. 自行车手们希望能募集一些钱来帮助中国受灾地区的成千上万的孩子。
raise 在句中意为“募集”，相当于collect。raise为及物动词，意为“举起；使升起；提高；喂养；募集”
rise 是不及物动词，指日、月。物价、烟、温度、河水及人的职位的意为“上升；上涨；增加”。无被动语态。
例句：
He rose from his chair when the door bell rang. 当门铃响起的时候他从椅子上站起来。
Her job is raising chickens. 她的工作是养鸡。
Her temperature is still rising. 她的温度还在上升。
15. nation, country, state 词义辨析
原句回放：One-third of the nation felt it. 这个国家的三分之一都感觉到了。
country 指国家时，侧重疆土或人口。
nation 指国家时，侧重人民、民族。
state 指国家时，侧重政体、政府，也可指组成国家的“州”。
例句：
China is a socialist country. 中国是一个社会主义国家。
The whole nation was sad at the news. 听到这个消息，举国悲伤。
Queensland is one of the states of Australia. 昆士兰是澳大利亚的一个州。
16. event, accident, happening, occurrence词义辨析
原句回放：But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是这个城市（唐山市）的一百万市民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当晚照常睡着了。
event 主要指重要的事件(国家的、社会的、边界的等) 。
accident 一般指意外发生的不幸事件。
happening 多指日常生活中发生的一般事件；有时也指偶然发生的事。和occurrence用法相同。
occurrence 多指日常生活中发生的一般事件；有时也指偶然发生的事。
例句：
This is one of the chief events of this year. 这是今年发生的重要事件之一。
Over 70,000 people are killed or seriously injured every year in road accidents.
每年在道路事故中有超过七万人丧生或严重受伤。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 那么被鲨鱼伤害就是常见的事了。
There were some unusual happenings at school last week.
上周学校发生了一些不同寻常的事。
二. 重点句型
1. too...to的用法
原句回放：In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡，甚至猪紧张得吃不下东西。
点拨：too…to… 太……而不能……，具有否定意义
She is too short to reach the book on the shelf. 她太矮了，够不着架上的书。
=She is not tall enough to reach the book on the shelf.
=She is so short that she can’t reach the book on the shelf.
与too…to…意义相反的结构是enough…to…
He’s old enough to travel by himself. 他够大了，可以自己旅游了。
too…to…在下列情况中表示肯定意义：
1.当too前有far, much, but, only等加强语气的词修饰时，意为“非常/十分……”。
Wang Jun was only too glad to meet his girlfriend. 王军非常高兴地见到他女朋友。
2. 当too后面接anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, kind等表示某种心情或描绘性形容词时，表示肯定意义。
The two thieves were too anxious to leave. 两个贼急于离开。
I’m too delighted to accept your invitation. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。
3. too前面有否定词（如never, can’t）时表肯定，“非常，不会不”。
It’s never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。
2. All...not.... 不是所有的……都……
原句回放:：All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
点拨：否定词no或not等与表示总括意义的不定代词，如everything, everybody，both等连用时，表示部分否定。其完全否定形式用nothing，nobody，none，neither等表示。
部分否定：
All answers are not correct. =Not all answers are correct. 不是所有的答案都对。
Not both of them smoke. =Both of them don’t smoke. 并不是他们两人都吸烟。
完全否定：
None of the answers is correct. 所有的答案都不对。
Neither of them smokes. 他们俩都不吸烟。
拓展：频度副词often, always等与not连用也是部分否定，表示“并非经常，并非总是”。
He doesn’t often come late. 他并非经常迟到。
He is not always so sad. 他不总是这么伤心。
3. ...as if... ……如同……
原句回放：It seemed as if the world was at an end! 看起来好像世界末日到了！
点拨：as if 是连词词组，意为“好像，好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型It looks/ seems as if...
中，其意思是“看起来好像……”。如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况
时，句子要用陈述语气；当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚
拟语气。
They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈起来就像多年的老朋友。
She loves the children as if they were her own.
她爱这些孩子就像他们是她自己的孩子一样。
It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了。
拓展：用法类似的句型：
It seems (to sb.) that/as if... (对某人来说)似乎……，as if 后面可用虚拟语气。
seem to be/like＋n.... 似乎……，好像……
seem to be doing sth. / seem to have done sth. 好像正在做/已经做了某事
seem (to be) ＋n./adj. 似乎是……
There seems to be... 好像有……
I seemed to have left my book at home. 我似乎把书落在家里了。
It looks as if they are having a party next door. 看起来他们在隔壁开一个派对。
例1.（2014福建四地六校月考）Price of daily goods _________sharply. What shall we common people do?
A. have been rising B. have raised
C. have been risen D. have been raising
解析：由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：日用品的价格一直都在迅速上涨。我们平民百姓该怎么做呢？考查动词的时态和语态。rise为不及物动词，raise为及物动词。故rise要用主动语态，而raise要用被动语态，have been doing sth.为现在完成进行时态，是主动语态，由此可知本题答案。
答案：A
例2.(2014吉林长春期中)_________the answer, the boy, who asked the question , still stood with his hand_________.
A. Giving; raised B. Giving; rising C. Given; risen D. Given; raised
解析：已经知道了答案，提出问题的男孩仍然举着手站着。根据句意可知，the boy和give之间为被动关系，所以要用given; 第二空处raise为及物动词，rise为不及物动词。故在with复合结构中用作宾补的为raised或rising 。
答案：D
例3. It will at least take five months to repair the ship that was seriously ______by the hurricane （飓风）.
A. hurt B. ruined C. damaged D. broken
解析：由句意可知这个轮船是被飓风给严重的摧毁了，但是可以修复的。ruin?亦指彻底毁掉，?damage是破坏，常常是局部的，或可以修好的。hurt 是“受伤”的一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，亦可指精神上的伤害。break意为“打破”也是指完全坏了。由此可知本题答案。
答案：C
例4 –When she saw the ________tiger , her face turned pale_________.
A. frightening, with fear B. frightened, with fear
C. frightening, at fear D. frightened, at fear
解析：第一空应填形容词frightening,其汉语意思是“吓人的,使人害怕的”.第二空with fear表原因。由此可知本题答案。
答案：A
例5.Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _________he had done something very clever.
A. as if B. in case C. while D. though
解析：试题分析：考察连词辨析。A似乎；B以防；C当…时；然而；尽管；D尽管；句意：Jack什么也没有说，但是老师对他微笑似乎他做了一些很聪明的事情。根据句意可知本题答案。
答案：A
例6.（2014·湖北高考）Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he__________destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily
解析：accidentally“偶然地”；carelessly“粗心地”；deliberately“故意地”；clumsily“笨拙地”。由第一句“不要再为他辩护了”可知，他是“故意地，刻意地”毁坏篱笆。句意：你不要再为他辩护了，显然他是故意把花园的篱笆弄坏了，而且还不道歉。
答案：C
例7.（2014·辽宁高考）The accident caused some ________to my car, but it’ s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
解析：harm意为“危害；伤害”，主要指精神上的伤害；injury意为“受伤”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害；ruin意为“毁灭；废墟；崩溃”，强调毁灭和不可修复；damage意为“损坏；损毁；损失”，强调使部分功能缺失。句意为“这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏，但是不太严重”。
答案：D
基础演练
一、根据提示完成句子。
1. Dead and _____ __(受伤的) people lay everywhere after the terrible accident.
2. That place is dirty and _______（有气味的）.
3. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ______（爆炸）.
4. The firemen ________(营救) the boy from the burning house.
5. It is reported that there were only 5 _____ (幸存者) in the accident.
6. A great many houses were ________（毁坏）in the earthquakes and many people became homeless.
7. The railway tracks were now ______（没用的）pieces of steel.
Keys: injured; smelly; burst; rescued; survivors; destroyed; useless
巩固提高
二．选择词组并用其正确形式填空。
think little of, dig out, in ruins, right away, be trapped in, as if, be proud of, blow away, at en end, fall down, a great number of, suffer from, be buried in
1. We are expecting to ________some important facts.
2. The whole city lay ___________ after the terrible earthquake.
3. He ___________ my advice and that made me angry.
4. Suddenly a strong wind came and _______ the roofs of their new houses.
5. Some people will feel happy _____ if they have a book in their hands.
6. The little girl ________ because of running too fast.
7. He has grasped ______ English idioms this term.
8. I must warn you that my patience is almost ______.
9. She _______ her son, who did well at university and now is a doctor.
10. My father has _______ his heart illness for about 20 years.
11. He acted______ he were a doctor.
12. Since she left, he is ______ his work.
13. In that area, many dogs are trained to look for people ______ the snow.
Keys: 1. dig out 2. in ruins 3. thought little of 4. blew away
5. right away 6. fell down 7. a great number of 8. at en end
9. was proud of 10. suffered from 11. as if 12. buried in 13. trapped in
1.The audience waited until Shenzhou-X touched the ground and then _________applause.
A. burst out B. burst on C. burst in D. burst into
2.The more careful pedestrians are walking on the road，_________________ .
A. there will be less accidents B. the less there will be accidents
C. the less accidents will there be D. the less accidents there will be
3. —Many people are suffering from the earthquake.
—I see. Food and clothes should be sent to them _________.
A. on purpose B.at present C. right away D. ever since
4. It was a_______ night，the dam cracked and then burst under the weight of water.
A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. frightens
5.Alice,__________on your wonderful performance！I’ll treat you to cold drinks.
A. congratulation B. good luck
C. congratulations D. good lucks
6.—Mum，I’ve at last passed the final exam.
—__________
A. Congratulations! B. That’s all right. C. Good luck. D. Really good.
7.It_________everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.
A. suffered B. shocked C. persuaded D. destroyed
8.—Why did you throw your radio away?
—Water had got into it，and it was completely ___________.
A. ugly B. smelly C. useless D. fluent
9.Soon after the quake，one thousand soldiers were sent out to _______the miners from the local coal mine.
A. shelter B. rescue C. bury D. injure
10.Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area________.
A.in fear B.in silence C.in ruins D.in peace
11.—What’s the matter? It seems _________you’ve caught a cold.
—Oh，I’m just too tired.
A.as if B. ever since C. because D. when
Keys:
1.D burst out意为“迸发，突然（哭/笑……）”，后接doing，不能直接跟名词；burst on意为“突然来到”；burst in意为“闯入”；burst into意为“突然进入某种状态”，后接名词；burst into applause的含义是“突然爆发出掌声”。
2.D “the＋形容词的比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋形容词的比较级＋主语＋谓语”为固定句型。句意：行人在路上走时越小心，交通事故就越少。
3.C 句意：“地震灾区的很多人们正在受苦受难。”“我知道，食物和衣服应该‘立即（right away）’送给他们。”on purpose故意地；at present目前；ever since从那以后。
4.C 句意：那是一个可怕的夜晚，大坝断裂，然后在水的压力下突然决堤了。frightening “可怕的，令人恐惧的”，形容事物，符合题意。frighten“吓唬；使惊吓”；frightened“受惊的，受恐吓的”，形容人。
5.C congratulation表口头祝贺一般用复数，故排除A项；而luck为不可数名词，故排除D项；从语境可以看出是在演出之后，故排除B项选择C项。
6.A 本题考查交际用语。孩子通过了期末考试，所以母亲应该表示祝贺。B项可用于回答表示歉意的话；C项应在考试之前说；D项有汉语的特征。
7.B 此题考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到山后的所有村民都在地震中遇难的消息，每个人都感到震惊（shocked）。suffer遭受，忍受；persuade说服，劝说；destroy破坏，消灭，均不符合句意。
8.C 此题考查形容词词义辨析。根据答语“收音机进水了”可推测它完全没有用了。故选C。ugly丑陋的；smelly有臭味的；fluent流畅的，均不符合句意。
9.B 此题考查动词词义辨析。句意：地震后不久，一千名士兵被派去营救当地煤矿里的矿工。故选B，rescue“营救”。shelter掩蔽；bury埋葬，隐藏；injure损害，伤害，均不符合句意。
10.C 此题考查短语辨析。句意：经过这两个国家两天的战争，这个地区变成了废墟。in ruins严重受损，破败不堪，符合句意。in fear害怕地；in silence沉默地；in peace和平地。
11.A 问句句意：怎么了？你好像感冒了。as if好像，符合句意。ever since从那以后；because因为；when当……时，均不符合句意。
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一．单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands.
A. with B. on C. in D. to
( )2. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
( )3. _____ from the number of the cars, he thought, there were still many people at the club.
A. To judge B. Judged
C. Judging D. Having judged
( )4. —I have some big news for you. You’ve been accepted as a member of our club.
—_____ That’s great!
A. Have I? B. Pardon?
C. Congratulations! D. Good idea!
( )5. Luckily, the traffic accident didn’t do _____ either of the cars.
A. much damage in B. many damage in
C. much damage to D. many damages to
( )6. He is the only one of the boys who _____ a winner of the first prize for 3 years.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
( )7. _____ foreigners come to our school for a visit every year.
A. A great number B. A good many of
C. A great deal D. A great many
( )8. The bus driver was badly ______ on both legs in the traffic accident.
A. wounded B. harmed
C. injured D. destroyed
( )9. Believe it or not, Levy’s sister suddenly ______ tears when we were eating.
A. burst out B. burst in
C. burst into D. burst on
( )10. “Wash your hands with soap ______ the experiment, ”the teacher said to his students.
A. in the end of B. in the end
C. to the end D. at the end of[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]
( )11. He rose to show that the conversation was _____.
A. come to an end B. at an end
C. at the end of D. to the end
( )12. Hold on a moment and we will go to your ______ right away.
A. trap B. track
C. rescue D. request
( )13. Mr. Richard hasn’t got any time to play golf these days, because he is ______ in the research of bird language.
A. devoted B. concentrated
C. buried D. spared
( )14. The shop manager always says to her assistants, “We can never be ______ polite to our customers.”
A. so B. more C. too D. that
( )15. (2014年可北保定模拟)The teacher told us that the sun _____in the east.
A. rises B. rose C. raises D. raised
Keys:1-5BACAC 6-10CDCCD 11-15BCCCA
二．完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Our family finally managed to get together, but in a few days we scattered(分开) again to the ends of the earth, and I will begin my new job in a new city. My family has never been 1 in this way. When I think about the 2 future, my heart felt grayish（灰色的）.
When I 3 in the morning, it was raining outside and the sky was as 4 as my mood. My daughter 5 the new skirt that her uncle bought and she flew around the departure hall（候机厅） in the 6 and drew a small and beautiful picture in the dim crowd.
The airplane had a good 7 of newspapers, magazines, television programs, food and drinks. The meal even 8 a serving of Haagen-Dazs ice cream. This small present brightened me up 9 . The gentle smile of the stewardess（空姐）was as beautiful as the 10 after the rain.
When I 11 the airport, the language that entered my 12 was completely different from what I was 13 three hours ago. Although the street lights were as 14 as Allentown’s, the different clothes and expressions of the people 15 me that I am in a new world. I stood in the busy streets like Alice 16 the world in a fairy tale. My heart was 17 with puzzlement about the uncertain future and longing for the new life. When I 18 being able to do what I like once more, that I will make new 19 and that I can enjoy the fun of exploration. I could not 20 to think about starting my new life.
( )1. A. separated B. gathered C. divided D. surprised
( )2. A. bright B. exciting C. uncertain D. unusual
( )3. A. stood up B. got up C. stayed up D. woke up
( )4. A. clear B. high C. dark D. gray
( )5. A. dressed B. wore C. liked D. had
( )6. A. station B. airport C. port D. house
( )7. A. offer B. number C. supply D. amount
( )8. A. included B. contained C. followed D. matched
( )9. A. successfully B. especially C. eventually D. fortunately
( )10. A. rainbow B. ground C. sky D. flower
( )11. A. got on B. got off C. left away D. took off
( )12. A. mouth B. eyes C. mind D. ears
( )13. A. finding B. learning C. hearing D. listening
( )14. A. long B. well C. brilliant D. many
( )15. A. told B. reminded C. suggested D. explained
( )16. A. visiting B. traveling C. wandering D. exploring
( )17. A. full B. filled C. satisfied D. pleased
( )18. A. set about B. set out C. thought over D. thought about
( )19. A. friends B. enemies C. mistakes D. progress
( )20. A. wait B. help C. decide D. afford
Keys:
1.A separate和divide都含“分开”的意思。 separate指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”, divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。
2.C 根据后文第17空后…with puzzlement about the uncertain future and…可以判断出答案，其它选项不符合情景。
3. D woke up 醒来；stood up 和got up 站起来；stayed up 熬夜，不睡觉。本题易误选B。
4. D 从第一段末及空后可以看出答案。描述心情不愉快，常用gray。本题易误选B，C。
5. B wore“穿、戴”，后接衣服等。dress“给……穿衣”，后面跟sb.，构成dress sb.。女儿穿着新裙子在…….。本题易误选A。
6. B 根据…around the departure hall（飞机场的候机室）看出应填airport。
7. C supply（有目的提供），have a good /large supply of 备有许多 ；offer（无目的提供），offer常与make搭配，构成“make an offer (of) 提议; 出价; 提供”； number和amount意思是“大量的”，后面分别跟可数和不可数名词。本题易误选A。
8. A include表示一个整体由几个部分组成，侧重包括者只是整体的一部分。如：The bill includes tax and service．contain指一个整体包括的内容，侧重“内有”的意思。如：Try to avoid foods which contain a lot fat．本题易误选B。
9. C eventually“最终、最后”，带有主观色彩；successfully“成功地”；especially“特别, 尤其”；fortunately“幸运地”。本题易误选B，C。
10. A 根据空后after the rain. 本句意思是…像雨后彩虹一样美。本题易误选C，D。
11. B got off“下车/飞机等”；got on与got off相反；left away“离开”；took off“取消, 脱衣, 起飞”等。
12. D enter one’s ears “听到的……”。
13. C 根据前面language，当然是hear，listening后要加to。本题易误选D。
14. C brilliant“闪耀的”等于bright。本句意为“尽管街上的灯光像艾伦镇的一样闪耀…….”本题易误选B。
15. B remind“提醒 (of, that, how) ”；suggest“表明，暗示、联想”，构成s。本题易误选A，C。
16. D. 根据…in a fairy tale 可以看出应选exploring，其他不符合题意。本题易误选B，C。
17. B. be filled with…结构；be full of充满。C，D后加with表示“对……满意”，不合句意。
18. D A. think about“想起”；set about“出发、开始”；B. set out（to do）；thought over“仔细考虑”。本题易误选B, C。
19. A. make friends“交朋友”，到一个新的地方，结交新的朋友。不是树敌(make enemies)及犯错误(make mistakes)。本题易误选D。
20. A. wait后接表示目的的动词不定式。例如：They are waiting to have dinner．他们正等着吃饭。help to do“帮助做……”；decide to do“决定、决心做……”；afford常与can, could, be able to 连用，担负得起费用(损失、后果等), 花费得起，经受得住; 抽得出(时间) 如：I can't afford to buy sth. 我买不起……
Unit4 Earthquakes-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握关系代词引导的定语从句。
定语从句（Ⅰ）——关系代词的用法
复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。它的基本构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句。连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。定语从句又分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
其具体用法见下表：
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
一、关系代词的用法
1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。
Danny is a man who we should learn from.丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。
2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person whom you should look after.罗斯是你应该照顾的人。
3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物,表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose company produces computers.我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。
4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上多用who，whom指人，多用which指物。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
The bag that lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个包是她的。（that指物，作主语）
误区警示 ①关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
［译］昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常感人。
［误］The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very moving.
［正］The film (that/which) we saw last night is very moving.
②关系代词作主语时，不能省略；关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl (whom/that/who) you spoke of the other day?
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
二、只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况
1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
2.先行词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
3.先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
学法点拨 ：以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”概念，以致无法作出“选择”。因为关系代词which原来也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以，用that引导万无一失。
4.先行词既有人又有物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的人和事。
5.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?
你买的书中哪一本对我写作最有用？
6.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。
He isn’t the boy that he used to be.他不再是过去的男孩了。
三、只能用which而不用that引导定语从句的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球，一项非常有趣的运动，在全世界得到了普及。
2.当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which he once lived.这就是他曾经住过的房子。
3.当先行词本身就是that时。
That which you told him about is what we want to know.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。
四、as引导定语从句
1.as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as..., such...as..., as...as...等句型中，as不能省略。
Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.认识汤姆的老师都认为他聪明。
I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你的一样的词典。
误区警示 当先行词被such, the same修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。
This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.
这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆自行车）
比较：This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.
这辆自行车像两个月前我丢的那辆。（相像的自行车）
2.as与which都可作为着关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的整个内容，区别如下：
?as引导的非限制性定语从句?
1)?位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末；?
2)?先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容；?
3)?有“正如、像”等意思，表依据、评论、态度、看法等；如：????
a.?This?elephant?is?like?a?snake, as?anybody?can?see.像任何人都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。
b.?He?failed?in?the?exam,?as?we?had?expected.??
c.?Tom?has?passed?the?test,?as?everybody?knows.?正如每个人所了解的那样，汤姆通过了考试。?
4) 常用以下谓语动词的主、被动语态：know, see, say, expect, imagine, hope, believe, announce, suggest,
report, point out…,
例：
a.主动（做宾）：as we all know, as you know, as everybody knows; as you see, as we can see, as we have seen, as anybody can see; as was expected; as we can imagine, as we have imagined…
b. 被动（做主）：as is known to everybody, as is known to all; as has been expected; as is often the case
(with …), as has been pointed out, as is usual with, as is reported in the newspaper…
a) He is an honest man, as is known to all.
b) As is often the case with young people, he was overconfident.
2.?which引导非限制性定语从句?
1)?只能置于句中或句末（即不可置于句首，只能置于先行词之后）；?
2)?先行词即可是一个词，也可是整个主句或主句的部分内容；是整个主句时，从句谓语动词用三单。?
a.?He?seems?not?to?have?grasped?what?I?meant,?which?greatly?upsets?me.?他似乎没抓住我的意思，这
使我心烦。
3.?互换条件：?
1)?非限定从中的as表依据评论，which表事实状态等，但差别不大时可互换。?
2)?注意位置：which引导的非限制性定语从句不能置于句首。例如：?
??As?can?be?seen?from?his?skin,?he?must?be?from?Africa.?
=He?must?be?from?Africa,?which/as?can?be?seen?from?his?skin.
例1.(2015· 湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
例2.(2015·重庆高考)?He?wrote?many?children’?s?books,?nearly?half?of____?were?published?in?the1990s.?
A.?whom????????? B.?which?????????? C.?them????????? D.?that?
例3. (2015·四川高考)The?books?on?the?desk,?_________????covers?are?shiny,?are?prizes?for?us.?
A．which???? B.?what?????? C.?whose?????????? D.?that?
例4(2015·福建高考)China?Today?attracts?a?worldwide?readership,_______?shows?that?more?and?more?
people?all?over?the?world?want?to?learn?about?China.?
?A.?who? B.?whom? C.?that? D.?Which?
例5.(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
例6.(2015?安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
基础演练
一．单项选择
1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
2. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black in the book shelf.
A. which B. its C. that D. whose
3. —Is this the museum ____ you visited the other day.
—I have no idea.
A. that B. whose C. to which D. the one
4. This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
5. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
6. The engineer ______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom
C. with which D. with whom
7. Is there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
8. I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
9. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
10. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
巩固提高
二．常见错句修改
1. Anyone likes it can borrow it from me.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The man you saw him just now is my math teacher.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. He is a person who often help me.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. He is the person whose the family is very rich.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Apple eaters are healthier than those don’t.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. There are many people, but none of whom I know.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. That is all what I have known.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. Is this the book that you are interested?
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
_______________________________________________________________________________
三．单项选择。
1. You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who; / B. /; whom C. whom; / D. /; who
2. I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
3. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
4. —Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
—Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what
C. which; which D . that; that
5. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
6. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following
C. to follow D. that followed
7. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
8. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
9. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been
C. had been D. have been
10. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
11. Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
四．用定语从句翻译下列句子
1. 这就是我工作过的工厂。
______________________________________________________________
2. 这就是我参观过的工厂。
______________________________________________________________
3. 这是你第三次来迟。
______________________________________________________________
4. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说。
______________________________________________________________
5. 他是一个说话算数的人。
______________________________________________________________
6. 不懂装懂的人总有一天会受到惩罚。
______________________________________________________________
7.每当我爷爷看到这张照片，就想起50年前举行的这次会议。
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一．单项选择。
1.—Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else __________ , is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ________ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
3. Her sister has become a lawyer, _________ she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
4. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop _________ to produce the workings of his own hands.
A. that B.in which C.by which D. how
5.__________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
6.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ________ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
7.I have many friends , ________ some are businessmen .
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
8.He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
9.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what
10.Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D.it
11.________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C.As D. Since
12.Do you still remember the chicken farm _________we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
13.The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ________ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
A. them B. those C. which D. whose
14.The English play __________ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
15._________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
16.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
17.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , __________ , of course , made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
二．阅读下面文章，从选给的四个选项中选择正确的答案。
A
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层),which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?
Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once，and huge cracks opened in the ground, releasing some strong smell chemicals.
The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools(激流和漩涡).Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston，South Carolina，on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington,D.C.
Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal (水平的) boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.
The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.
( )1. This passage is mainly about .
A. the New Madrid fault B. the San Andreas
C. the causes of faults D. current scientific knowledge about faults
( )2. Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?
( )3.This passage implies that .
A .horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults
B. vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults
C. a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today
D. the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive
B
A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2:46 p.m. local time on March 11th, 2011.Japan’s Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.
There are over 4，000 Seismic Intensity Meters （地震烈度测量仪） in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes. There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.
Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles. He says, “Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”
He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.
The 9.0-magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.
Costas Synolakis says Japan’s concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan, where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.
Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.
( )4.From the second paragraph we can infer that .
A. Japan is an island country
B. the center of the earthquake is located in the northeastern coast
C. the meters in Japan have dropped behind
D. many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in Japan
( )5.The underlined word “anticipated” in the third paragraph probably means“ ”.
A. predicted B. measured C. counted D. prevented
( )6.The underlined words “these facts” in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT .
A. the concrete sea walls can’t control the wave
B.it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in the history
C. the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quick
D. there are many earthquakes in Japan
( )7.Which may be the best title of this passage?
A. Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted
B. A 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit Japan
C. Japan’s concrete sea walls
D. A report about Japan’s early warning systems
( )8.On which column of China Daily can you find the passage?
A. Technology. B. Culture discovery. C. Travel. D. History.
三．书面表达。
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。下面四幅图描述了上周六你陪外教Tim去公园的经历。请根据图片的先后顺序，将这件事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。
注意：
1.日记的开头已为你写好。
2. 词数不少于60。
提示词: 发票invoice
Saturday, March 30 Fine
This morning,______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit4 Earthquakes-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
通过本节课的学习掌握关系代词引导的定语从句。
定语从句（Ⅰ）——关系代词的用法
复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。它的基本构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句。连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。定语从句又分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
其具体用法见下表：
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
一、关系代词的用法
1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。
Danny is a man who we should learn from.丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。
2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person whom you should look after.罗斯是你应该照顾的人。
3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物,表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose company produces computers.我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。
4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上多用who，whom指人，多用which指物。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
The bag that lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个包是她的。（that指物，作主语）
误区警示 ①关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
［译］昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常感人。
［误］The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very moving.
［正］The film (that/which) we saw last night is very moving.
②关系代词作主语时，不能省略；关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
Is that the girl (whom/that/who) you spoke of the other day?
那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？
二、只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况
1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
2.先行词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
3.先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
学法点拨 ：以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”概念，以致无法作出“选择”。因为关系代词which原来也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以，用that引导万无一失。
4.先行词既有人又有物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的人和事。
5.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?
你买的书中哪一本对我写作最有用？
6.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。
He isn’t the boy that he used to be.他不再是过去的男孩了。
三、只能用which而不用that引导定语从句的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球，一项非常有趣的运动，在全世界得到了普及。
2.当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which he once lived.这就是他曾经住过的房子。
3.当先行词本身就是that时。
That which you told him about is what we want to know.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。
四、as引导定语从句
1.as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as..., such...as..., as...as...等句型中，as不能省略。
Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.认识汤姆的老师都认为他聪明。
I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你的一样的词典。
误区警示 当先行词被such, the same修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。
This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.
这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆自行车）
比较：This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.
这辆自行车像两个月前我丢的那辆。（相像的自行车）
2.as与which都可作为着关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的整个内容，区别如下：
?as引导的非限制性定语从句?
1)?位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末；?
2)?先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容；?
3)?有“正如、像”等意思，表依据、评论、态度、看法等；如：????
a.?This?elephant?is?like?a?snake, as?anybody?can?see.像任何人都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。
b.?He?failed?in?the?exam,?as?we?had?expected.??
c.?Tom?has?passed?the?test,?as?everybody?knows.?正如每个人所了解的那样，汤姆通过了考试。?
4) 常用以下谓语动词的主、被动语态：know, see, say, expect, imagine, hope, believe, announce, suggest,
report, point out…,
例：
a.主动（做宾）：as we all know, as you know, as everybody knows; as you see, as we can see, as we have seen, as anybody can see; as was expected; as we can imagine, as we have imagined…
b. 被动（做主）：as is known to everybody, as is known to all; as has been expected; as is often the case
(with …), as has been pointed out, as is usual with, as is reported in the newspaper…
a) He is an honest man, as is known to all.
b) As is often the case with young people, he was overconfident.
2.?which引导非限制性定语从句?
1)?只能置于句中或句末（即不可置于句首，只能置于先行词之后）；?
2)?先行词即可是一个词，也可是整个主句或主句的部分内容；是整个主句时，从句谓语动词用三单。?
a.?He?seems?not?to?have?grasped?what?I?meant,?which?greatly?upsets?me.?他似乎没抓住我的意思，这
使我心烦。
3.?互换条件：?
1)?非限定从中的as表依据评论，which表事实状态等，但差别不大时可互换。?
2)?注意位置：which引导的非限制性定语从句不能置于句首。例如：?
??As?can?be?seen?from?his?skin,?he?must?be?from?Africa.?
=He?must?be?from?Africa,?which/as?can?be?seen?from?his?skin.
例1.(2015· 湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
解析?：根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。由此可知本题答案。
答案：D?
例2.(2015·重庆高考)?He?wrote?many?children’?s?books,?nearly?half?of____?were?published?in?the1990s.?
A.?whom????????? B.?which?????????? C.?them????????? D.?that?
?解析?：本句所表达的句意为：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。答案为B????
例3. (2015·四川高考)The?books?on?the?desk,?_________????covers?are?shiny,?are?prizes?for?us.?
A．which???? B.?what?????? C.?whose?????????? D.?that?
解析?：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the?books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
答案：C
例4(2015·福建高考)China?Today?attracts?a?worldwide?readership,_______?shows?that?more?and?more?
people?all?over?the?world?want?to?learn?about?China.?
?A.?who? B.?whom? C.?that? D.?Which?
解析:考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
答案：D?
例5.(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
解析 ：本句所表达的句意为：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故用as。容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。
答案：D
例6.(2015?安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
解析：横线后的句子是对reading进行修饰限定，所以本句横线后句子是一定语从句，先行词为reading。所给的四个选项中it不可以引导定语从句，而横线前有介词所以不可用that，whose引导定语从句后要有名词，可知此处只能用引导词which。
答案：D
基础演练
一．单项选择
1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
2. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black in the book shelf.
A. which B. its C. that D. whose
3. —Is this the museum ____ you visited the other day.
—I have no idea.
A. that B. whose C. to which D. the one
4. This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
5. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
6. The engineer ______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom
C. with which D. with whom
7. Is there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
8. I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
9. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
10. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
Keys:
1. B. 题干的先行词为things and persons，所以关系代词用that。
2. D. whose和cover一起构成从句的主语部分。
3. A. that作从句部分的宾语（不是地点状语）。
4. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films，因此关系代词that是复数概念，其谓语动词应用复数的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
5. A.“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.， about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
6. D. with whom引导定语从句。从句还原即为: My father works with the engineer。
7. D. whose引导定语从句, 在从句中作主语family的定语。
8. A. that引导定语从句, 因为先行词是all, 所以只能选用that引导。[来源:学#科#网]
9. A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
10. C. two thirds of whom 即two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
巩固提高
二．常见错句修改
1. Anyone likes it can borrow it from me.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The man you saw him just now is my math teacher.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. He is a person who often help me.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. He is the person whose the family is very rich.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Apple eaters are healthier than those don’t.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. There are many people, but none of whom I know.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. That is all what I have known.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. Is this the book that you are interested?
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1.本句缺少作从句的主语的关系代词，先行词为anyone，关系代词应为who/that.
2.本句中从句部分的him重复，关系代词代替先行词the man已经在从句中充当宾语，并且省略，him指代重复，应该删去。
3.本句从句部分的谓语help形式错误，从句的主语who代替的先行词a person为单数，help应该用第三人称单数形式。
4. 定语从句中，whose修饰名词family，the多余。
5. those所带的定语从句中缺乏主语，应该补充wh o，从句承前省略eat apples。
6. none of whom I know为从句，和第一句构成主从句的关系，而不是并列句的关系，删去but。
7.当先行词为不定代词（all）时，关系代词应该用that，what不是关系词，不能用于引导定语从句。
8.本句中的从句部分句子结构不完整，are interested不能直接接宾语，应增加介词in。
9.从句的先行词被形容词最高级the longest修饰，关系代词只能用that而不是which，当然在本句关系代词代替先行词作从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，把which改为that或者省略关系代词。
10.从句中关系代词which代替先行词作从句的宾语，故从句中it多余，应该去掉it。
三．单项选择。
1. You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who; / B. /; whom C. whom; / D. /; who
2. I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
3. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
4. —Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
—Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what
C. which; which D . that; that
5. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
6. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following
C. to follow D. that followed
7. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
8. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
9. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been
C. had been D. have been
10. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
11. Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
Keys:
1. D 先行词person后有两个定语从句，第一个从句省略了关系代词whom/who，因为作从句中met的宾语，可以省略；第二个从句中 who做主语，不可省略。
2. D 主句中的two表明不能选A，从句中的are表明不能选B；both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句。
3. A he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that。
4. A what happened是宾语从句。all 之后that he knew是定语从句。先行词是all，所以关系代词只能用that。
5. C本句话的定语从句是“who own cars”。 其先行词是people，因此定语从句的谓语动词要用own。主句的主语是The number of指“……的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
6. D that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语，follow为不及物动词。
7. A 先行词gas被the only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
8. B为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some German friends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
9. B 本句话中，主句的主语是all为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中做主语。
10. A which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
11. C “和谁讲话”要用speak to sb. 本题全句应为“Do you know the man whom I spoke to?”。whom 是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
四．用定语从句翻译下列句子
1. 这就是我工作过的工厂。
______________________________________________________________
2. 这就是我参观过的工厂。
______________________________________________________________
3. 这是你第三次来迟。
______________________________________________________________
4. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说。
______________________________________________________________
5. 他是一个说话算数的人。
______________________________________________________________
6. 不懂装懂的人总有一天会受到惩罚。
______________________________________________________________
7.每当我爷爷看到这张照片，就想起50年前举行的这次会议。
______________________________________________________________
Keys: 1. This is the factory where I worked.
2. This is the factory which I visited.
3. It is the third time that you have arrived late.
4. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
5. He is a man who/that means what he says.
6. Those who pretend to know what they do not know will be punished one day.
7. Whenever my grandfather sees this photo, it will remind him of the meeting (which/that was) held fifty years ago.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一．单项选择。
1.—Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else __________ , is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ________ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
3. Her sister has become a lawyer, _________ she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
4. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop _________ to produce the workings of his own hands.
A. that B.in which C.by which D. how
5.__________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
6.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ________ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
7.I have many friends , ________ some are businessmen .
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
8.He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
9.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what
10.Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D.it
11.________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C.As D. Since
12.Do you still remember the chicken farm _________we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
13.The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ________ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
A. them B. those C. which D. whose
14.The English play __________ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
15._________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
16.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
17.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , __________ , of course , made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
Keys: 1-5 BADBD 6-10 DDCBAC 11-15 CCCB 16-17 AD
二．阅读下面文章，从选给的四个选项中选择正确的答案。
A
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层),which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?
Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once，and huge cracks opened in the ground, releasing some strong smell chemicals.
The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools(激流和漩涡).Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston，South Carolina，on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington,D.C.
Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal (水平的) boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.
The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.
( )1. This passage is mainly about .
A. the New Madrid fault B. the San Andreas
C. the causes of faults D. current scientific knowledge about faults
( )2. Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?
( )3.This passage implies that .
A .horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults
B. vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults
C. a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today
D. the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive
Keys: 1.A 主旨大意题。由本文第一段的最后一句话“But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?”可知。
2.B 细节理解题。由本文第四段和第五段内容可以判断The San Andreas fault是水平地震，而The New Madrid fault是垂直地震，所以B项正确。
3.C 推理判断题。本文无A、B两项相关内容；根据第五段中第二句“Suddenly，the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed,leaving huge cracks. Even now，the rock continues to settle downwards...”可以排除D项；根据第三段第三句“Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811...”可以推测答案为C。
B
A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2:46 p.m. local time on March 11th, 2011.Japan’s Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.
There are over 4，000 Seismic Intensity Meters （地震烈度测量仪） in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes. There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.
Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles. He says, “Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”
He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.
The 9.0-magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.
Costas Synolakis says Japan’s concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan, where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.
Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.
( )4.From the second paragraph we can infer that .
A. Japan is an island country
B. the center of the earthquake is located in the northeastern coast
C. the meters in Japan have dropped behind
D. many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in Japan
( )5.The underlined word “anticipated” in the third paragraph probably means“ ”.
A. predicted B. measured C. counted D. prevented
( )6.The underlined words “these facts” in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT .
A. the concrete sea walls can’t control the wave
B.it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in the history
C. the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quick
D. there are many earthquakes in Japan
( )7.Which may be the best title of this passage?
A. Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted
B. A 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit Japan
C. Japan’s concrete sea walls
D. A report about Japan’s early warning systems
( )8.On which column of China Daily can you find the passage?
A. Technology. B. Culture discovery. C. Travel. D. History.
Keys:4.D 推理判断题。A项说法正确，但不是本段的推理；B项不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。根据“These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.”判断，C项推理错误。D项根据所列事实可以推断得出。
5.A 猜测词义题。根据第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海啸预警系统是世界上最好的之一，此次失误在于没有预料到海啸的规模如此大。
6.D 细节认定题。根据文章倒数第二段、倒数第三段内容可知答案为D。
7.D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容判断，文章介绍日本拥有世界上最先进的地震、海啸预警系统，但没有预料到这次大地震和海啸如此之猛。
8.A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是日本的地震、海啸预警系统的先进性和局限性。
三．书面表达。
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。下面四幅图描述了上周六你陪外教Tim去公园的经历。请根据图片的先后顺序，将这件事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。
注意：
1.日记的开头已为你写好。
2. 词数不少于60。
提示词: 发票invoice
Saturday, March 30 Fine
This morning,______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
Saturday, April 2 Fine
This morning, my foreign teacher Tim and I planned to go to the People’s Park to enjoy ourselves. We took a taxi and it wasn’t long before we arrived at the gate of the park. On seeing the green trees and blooming flowers, Tim couldn’t wait to take pictures. It was at that moment that we found his camera was gone. He searched all over his backpack but just couldn’t find it. Suddenly it occurred to me that he might have left it in the taxi. With anxiety and hope, we found out the invoice of the taxi, on which a phone number was printed, so I immediately got in touch with the taxi company. About half an hour later, the driver returned with the camera and you could imagine the wide smile spreading across Tim’s face. Both of us were grateful to the driver, and Tim, in particular, insisted on taking a photo with him.
Tim and I enjoyed ourselves during the rest of the day, but it was that taxi driver who made our day?
