Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
通过本节课的学习掌握关系副词引导的定语从句。
通过本节课的学习掌握介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系副词引导的定语从句
where引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语的时候，连接词就是where。而且先行词通常是place, house, city, country等等。
先行词为名词，但是加上介词后可以在从句中充当地点状语。
We will start at the point where we stopped. 我们从上次停止的地方开始吧。
分析从句的成分：主语为we, 谓语为stopped，并且此处stop为不及物动词，从句不需要宾语。先行词加上介词at在从句中做地点状语。注意此处的at并不是主句中的at，而是根据从句的逻辑意义增加的介词at，相当于at which we stopped.
The building where he lives is very old. 他住的这栋建筑很老旧。
把从句的含义补全应该为：he lives in the building，先行词building加上介词in在从句中做状语，关系词用where或in which。
Put it at the place where you have found it. 把它放在你发现它的地方。
分析从句的句子成分，主谓宾齐全，结构完整，先行词在从句中充当地点状语。
The city where we spent our holidays is very beautiful. 我们度假的那座城市很漂亮。
分析先行词和从句的关系，“我们在这个城市度假”，where相当于in the city，作从句的地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的从城市。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场。
This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet．
这种植物在温暖潮湿的地方长得最好。
—What do you think of teacher, Bob? Bob，你认为老师这种职业怎么样？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. 我发现它有趣而有挑战性。这是一份你做着严肃而有趣的事情的工作。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个他们能以不同方式看待自己的地方是很有帮助的。
When引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是时间状语的时候，连接词就是when，而且先行词通常是time, day, night, moment等等表示时间的名词。
He was born in the year when the earthquake took place. 他出生在地震发生的那一年。
分析从句句子成分：主语the earthquake，谓语took place，无需宾语，先行词the year在从句中只能加上介词in充当从句的时间状语，所以用表示时间状语的when/ in which。注意：the year前的介词in为主句中的介词，跟从句无关，从句中的in是分析先行词和从句的逻辑关系而得出的。
She looked fine at the time when I saw her. 我看到她的时候她看起来不错。
先行词time加上介词在从句中做时间状语。
July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest. 七月通常是天气最热的一个月。
Tell me the time when he was killed. 告诉我他被杀的时间。
P lease let me know of the day when you will arrive in Beijing. 请告知我们你将到北京的时间。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于来到了。
She’ll never forget her stay there when she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
她永远都不会忘记那次停留，那时他找到了两年前失踪的儿子。
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.
音乐会两部分之间有中场休息，观众在那时可以买点冰淇淋。
Why引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候,连接词就是why，而且先行词通常是reason。
That is one of the reasons why I hate you. 这是我讨厌你的原因之一。
先行词the reasons加上介词for在从句中做原因状语，介词for是从句的逻辑关系补充的。从句补全为：I hate you (for) the reasons.
The reason why he changed his mind is not clear. 他改变主意的原因还不清楚。
同理，the reason在从句中做原因状语。
Do you see any reason why he refused to help? 你明白他拒绝帮忙的理由吗？
I want to know the reason why he left so early. 我想知道他这么早离开的原因。
The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.我首次遇到曼德拉的时候是我一生中很艰难的时候[来源:学科网]
但要注意，连接词的选择不能只看先行词的内容，最关键的就是看先行词在从句中的成分。
有同学一看到先行词是表示地点的名词，选择where；看到先行词为表示时间的名词，选择when；看到先行词为reason，选择why；这种做法是不对的，关键是看先行词在从句中做哪种成分。
比较下面句子：
March 22 is the day when I was born. 3月22号是我出生的那一天。（先行词the day在从句中作时间状语：I was born on the day.）
March 22 is the day (which/that) I will never forget. 3月22号是我永远不会忘的一天。（先行词the day在从句中作forget的宾语：I will never forget the day.）
Would you please tell me the reason why you are late again for work? 你能告诉我你又一次迟到的原因吗？
Would you please tell me the reason which/that at least sounds true this time?你能告诉我这次听起来更真实点的原因吗？
I saw them in the park where a lot of people were singing. 我在那家有很多人唱歌的公园里看到他们。
I saw them in the park which/that was built 10 years ago. 我在那家十年前建好的公园里看到他们的。
The Science Museum, which we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 我们上次去英国参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一。（先行词the Science Museum 在从句中作主语。）
The reason that you gave me just now was just an excuse. 你刚才给我的理由只是一个借口。（先行词the reason在从句中宾语。）
定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择
1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用：关系代词which, that, who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses which are built close to each other. (从句部分缺主语，填入关系代词)
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.（从句部分的谓语keep为“保存好”的意思，不带宾语，填入关系副词）
A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （从句部分的谓语lend和ask for为及物动词，但各自已经带了宾语，填入关系副词）
2.分析句子结构，明确语法成分。关系词在定语从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键在于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词。如果是及物动词，分析其后是否已经有宾语；如缺宾语则选择关系代词；如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词，则选择关系副词。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
= Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉就是我向他寻求建议的黑人律师。
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在后面，如look for, look after, take care of
This is the watch for which I am looking.(错)
This is the watch which I am looking for. (对)
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (错)
The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking are very healthy. (对)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbor. (错)
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. (对)
例1. (2015北京高考) Opposite?is?St. Paul's?Church, ___you?can?hear?some?lovely?music.?
A.?which?? B. that?? ?C. when?? ?D. where?
例2. (2015天津高考) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
例3. (2014福建卷) Students should involve themselves in community activities____________ they can gain experience for growth.
A. who B. when C. which D. where
例4. (2014湖南高考) I am looking forward to the day________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as B. why C. when D. where
例5. (2014天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them
基础演练
一．选择填空。从所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. a. I’ll never forget the days ___ we studied together.
b. I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together.
A. that B. / C. when D. on which E. A and B
2. a. This is one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
b. This is the only/very one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were
3. a. This is the only way ___ you can find.
b. I don’t like the way ___ he spoke to his mother.
A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B
4. a. He has two sons, ____ are college students.
b. He has two sons, and ___ are college students.
A. both of which B. both of whom
C. both of them D. both of it
5. a. Galileo collected facts ___ proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.
b. Galileo collected facts ___ the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.
A. that B. which C. / D. A and B
6. a. He still lives in the room ___ window faces to the east.
b. He still lives in the room, the window ___ faces to the east.
c. He still lives in the room ___ is in the north of the city.
d. He still lives in the room ___ there is a beautiful table.
A. which B. whose C. where D. of which
7. a. Is this museum ___ they visited last month?
b. ___ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.
A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who
8. a. ___ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
b. ___ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
c. ___ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever
9. a. It was eleven o’clock ___ they went out of the cinema.
b. It was at eleven o’clock ___ they went out of the cinema.
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
巩固提高
二．句子改错
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1, 1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
9. This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. We heard the news which o ur team won the game.
12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
14. That was the reason because she looked old.
15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
一、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________________(他能求助). (turn)
2. The Yellow Crane Tower, ____________________(位于) Wuhan, attracts a lot of tourists every year.
3. These students will graduate from the university next summer, __________(到那时)they will have studied here for four years. (time)
4. There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs _________________(他们俩都引以为豪). (take)
5. “Is this temple ______________(你参观过的)a few weeks ago?” He asked me. (pay)
6. He is unlikely to find the place _______________（他居住过的地方）forty years ago. (live)
7. The reason ____________________（ 你的信已被退回）is that I don’t live there any more. (return)
二．把下面句子组合成含定语从句的句子。
1. He grew up in the small town.
After graduation, he returned to the small town.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. I work in a business.
Almost everyone is waiting for a great chance there.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The factory fell down in the earthquake.
My father used to work in the factory.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. I will never forget the day.
I met him on that day.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Many things are done on computers these days.
We live in the days.
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. I usually played hide-and-seek with my friends in my childhood.
I still remember my childhood.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择
( )1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
( )2. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
( )3. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. w hich C. about which D. with whom
( )4. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
( )5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
( )6. There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
( )7. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.
A. o f which B. which of C. of them D. of that
( )8. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has more than 100 storeys.
A. the higher of them B. the highest of which
C. the highest of them D. some of which
二．阅读理解
In October, 1961. at Crowley Field in Cincinnati, Ohio, an old, deaf gentleman named William E Hey stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired (退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier, in 1903. However, he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball.
William E. Hoy was horn in Houckstown, Ohio, on May 23, 1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation, he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker.
Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh (Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888, he started as an outfielder (外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season, he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators' leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever; he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19, 1889, he threw out three batters (击球手) at the plate from his outfield position.
The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike, and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years, people talked about Hoy's last ball game in 1903. He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy made a wonderful play which won the game. It was a very foggy night and, therefore, very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning (棒球的一局), with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Ms Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game.
After he retired, Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week. On December 15, 1961, William Hoy died at the age of 99
( )1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy's life?
a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker.
b. Hoy began to run a diary farm.
c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.
d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.
e. Hoy became deaf.
A. d, e, a, c, b B. e, a, c, b, d
C. d, a, e, c, b D. e. a, b, c, d
( )2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy ________in his late years.
A. became famous B. led a relaxed life
C. traveled around the world D. was in good physical condition
( )3. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball
B. baseball game rules and important players
C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people
D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from
( )4. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games.
C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.
D. Hoy's family encouraged him to become a baseball player.
三．书面表达
假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：
李明：高个子，戴眼镜
航班号：CA985
到达：8月6日上午11:30
注意：1. 词数100左右
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和介绍语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
How are you doing?__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
通过本节课的学习掌握关系副词引导的定语从句。
通过本节课的学习掌握介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系副词引导的定语从句
where引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是地点状语的时候，连接词就是where。而且先行词通常是place, house, city, country等等。
先行词为名词，但是加上介词后可以在从句中充当地点状语。
We will start at the point where we stopped. 我们从上次停止的地方开始吧。
分析从句的成分：主语为we, 谓语为stopped，并且此处stop为不及物动词，从句不需要宾语。先行词加上介词at在从句中做地点状语。注意此处的at并不是主句中的at，而是根据从句的逻辑意义增加的介词at，相当于at which we stopped.
The building where he lives is very old. 他住的这栋建筑很老旧。
把从句的含义补全应该为：he lives in the building，先行词building加上介词in在从句中做状语，关系词用where或in which。
Put it at the place where you have found it. 把它放在你发现它的地方。
分析从句的句子成分，主谓宾齐全，结构完整，先行词在从句中充当地点状语。
The city where we spent our holidays is very beautiful. 我们度假的那座城市很漂亮。
分析先行词和从句的关系，“我们在这个城市度假”，where相当于in the city，作从句的地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的从城市。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个养了很多奶牛的农场。
This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet．
这种植物在温暖潮湿的地方长得最好。
—What do you think of teacher, Bob? Bob，你认为老师这种职业怎么样？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. 我发现它有趣而有挑战性。这是一份你做着严肃而有趣的事情的工作。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个他们能以不同方式看待自己的地方是很有帮助的。
When引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是时间状语的时候，连接词就是when，而且先行词通常是time, day, night, moment等等表示时间的名词。
He was born in the year when the earthquake took place. 他出生在地震发生的那一年。
分析从句句子成分：主语the earthquake，谓语took place，无需宾语，先行词the year在从句中只能加上介词in充当从句的时间状语，所以用表示时间状语的when/ in which。注意：the year前的介词in为主句中的介词，跟从句无关，从句中的in是分析先行词和从句的逻辑关系而得出的。
She looked fine at the time when I saw her. 我看到她的时候她看起来不错。
先行词time加上介词在从句中做时间状语。
July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest. 七月通常是天气最热的一个月。
Tell me the time when he was killed. 告诉我他被杀的时间。
P lease let me know of the day when you will arrive in Beijing. 请告知我们你将到北京的时间。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于来到了。
She’ll never forget her stay there when she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
她永远都不会忘记那次停留，那时他找到了两年前失踪的儿子。
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.
音乐会两部分之间有中场休息，观众在那时可以买点冰淇淋。
Why引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中的成分是原因状语的时候,连接词就是why，而且先行词通常是reason。
That is one of the reasons why I hate you. 这是我讨厌你的原因之一。
先行词the reasons加上介词for在从句中做原因状语，介词for是从句的逻辑关系补充的。从句补全为：I hate you (for) the reasons.
The reason why he changed his mind is not clear. 他改变主意的原因还不清楚。
同理，the reason在从句中做原因状语。
Do you see any reason why he refused to help? 你明白他拒绝帮忙的理由吗？
I want to know the reason why he left so early. 我想知道他这么早离开的原因。
The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.我首次遇到曼德拉的时候是我一生中很艰难的时候[来源:学科网]
但要注意，连接词的选择不能只看先行词的内容，最关键的就是看先行词在从句中的成分。
有同学一看到先行词是表示地点的名词，选择where；看到先行词为表示时间的名词，选择when；看到先行词为reason，选择why；这种做法是不对的，关键是看先行词在从句中做哪种成分。
比较下面句子：
March 22 is the day when I was born. 3月22号是我出生的那一天。（先行词the day在从句中作时间状语：I was born on the day.）
March 22 is the day (which/that) I will never forget. 3月22号是我永远不会忘的一天。（先行词the day在从句中作forget的宾语：I will never forget the day.）
Would you please tell me the reason why you are late again for work? 你能告诉我你又一次迟到的原因吗？
Would you please tell me the reason which/that at least sounds true this time?你能告诉我这次听起来更真实点的原因吗？
I saw them in the park where a lot of people were singing. 我在那家有很多人唱歌的公园里看到他们。
I saw them in the park which/that was built 10 years ago. 我在那家十年前建好的公园里看到他们的。
The Science Museum, which we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 我们上次去英国参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一。（先行词the Science Museum 在从句中作主语。）
The reason that you gave me just now was just an excuse. 你刚才给我的理由只是一个借口。（先行词the reason在从句中宾语。）
定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择
1. 明确关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用：关系代词which, that, who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词和介词后作宾语。关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses which are built close to each other. (从句部分缺主语，填入关系代词)
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.（从句部分的谓语keep为“保存好”的意思，不带宾语，填入关系副词）
A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （从句部分的谓语lend和ask for为及物动词，但各自已经带了宾语，填入关系副词）
2.分析句子结构，明确语法成分。关系词在定语从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键在于从句的谓语动词是否及物动词。如果是及物动词，分析其后是否已经有宾语；如缺宾语则选择关系代词；如不缺宾语或谓语动词为不及物动词，则选择关系副词。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
= Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉就是我向他寻求建议的黑人律师。
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在后面，如look for, look after, take care of
This is the watch for which I am looking.(错)
This is the watch which I am looking for. (对)
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (错)
The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking are very healthy. (对)
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbor. (错)
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. (对)
例1. (2015北京高考) Opposite?is?St. Paul's?Church, ___you?can?hear?some?lovely?music.?
A.?which?? B. that?? ?C. when?? ?D. where?
解析?：由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St.?Paul’s?Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。
答案：D?
例2. (2015天津高考) The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
解析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
答案为A
例3. (2014福建卷) Students should involve themselves in community activities____________ they can gain experience for growth.
A. who B. when C. which D. where
解析：本题定语从句的先行词是community activities，后面的定语从句they can gain experience for growth主谓宾句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导这个定语从句，where在句中相当于in which，充当状语。句义：学生应该参与社区活动，在社区活动里他们能够获得成长的经验。AC是关系代词，不能在句中做状语。When的先行词通常是表示时间的名词。由此可知本题答案。
答案：D
例4. (2014湖南高考) I am looking forward to the day________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as B. why C. when D. where
解析：本题是一个定语从句，先行词是the?day，后面的定语从句结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中做时间状语，同时引导起这个定语从句。句义：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情的那一天。故要用when作关系词。由此可知本题答案。
答案：C?
例5. (2014天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them
解析：本题是一个定语从句，先行词是several diverse cultures，在定语从句里使用which指代先行词作为介词of的宾语。排除CD项，这两项并不是定语从句。all of which 在定语从句中做主语的时候，谓语动词要使用复数形式，本题定语从句中的uses说明A项是错误的。each of which项中的each做主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。句义：英语是一个被很多不同的文化共同使用的语言，每一种语言使用英语的方法都是不一样的。故可知本题答案。
答案：B
基础演练
一．选择填空。从所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. a. I’ll never forget the days ___ we studied together.
b. I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together.
A. that B. / C. when D. on which E. A and B
2. a. This is one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
b. This is the only/very one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were
3. a. This is the only way ___ you can find.
b. I don’t like the way ___ he spoke to his mother.
A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B
4. a. He has two sons, ____ are college students.
b. He has two sons, and ___ are college students.
A. both of which B. both of whom
C. both of them D. both of it
5. a. Galileo collected facts ___ proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.
b. Galileo collected facts ___ the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.
A. that B. which C. / D. A and B
6. a. He still lives in the room ___ window faces to the east.
b. He still lives in the room, the window ___ faces to the east.
c. He still lives in the room ___ is in the north of the city.
d. He still lives in the room ___ there is a beautiful table.
A. which B. whose C. where D. of which
7. a. Is this museum ___ they visited last month?
b. ___ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.
A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who
8. a. ___ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
b. ___ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
c. ___ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever
9. a. It was eleven o’clock ___ they went out of the cinema.
b. It was at eleven o’clock ___ they went out of the cinema.
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
Keys:
1 a. C 关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when；
b. E 关系词代替先行词在从句中作spent的宾语，用关系代词或者省略；
2 a. D 定语从句的先行词被one of the most interesting，故关系代词用that，从句的谓语用复数形式；
b. B 定语从句的先行词被the only/very one of the most interesting，故关系代词用that，从句的谓语用单数形式；
3 a. E 先行词way在从句中作宾语；b. D 先行词way在从句中作状语，但根据习惯可以省略或者用that；
4 a. B 本句为定语从句，应该用关系代词both of whom作从句的主语；b. C 本句为并列句，应该用代词both of them；
5 a. D 本句为定语从句，关系代词that和which作定语从句的主语；b. A 本句为同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分；
6 a. B 关系代词代替先行词room在定语从句中作定语，用whose；b. D the window of which代替先行词在从句作主语；c. A which在定语从句中作主语；d. C 关系词代替先行词room在从句中作地点状语；
7 a. B 主句部分this museum作主语，缺表语，需要补上，关系代词在从句作宾语可省略；
b. D 主句和定语从句都缺少主语，都不可省略；
8 a. D 本句的主句和主语从句都缺主语，选whoever；b. A 本句主句缺主语，同时也是从句的先行词，从句 的谓语为单数，先行词为单数；c. C 本句主句缺主语，同时也是从句 的先行词，从句的谓语为复数，先行词为复数；
9 a. C 本句含定语从句，关系词代替先行词作从句的时间状语； b. B 本句为强调句；
巩固提高
二．句子改错
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1, 1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
9. This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. We heard the news which o ur team won the game.
12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
14. That was the reason because she looked old.
15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
Keys:
1.去掉it，it和which在从句中的功能重复。
2. 加the one，that修饰factory，主句缺少表语，从句缺少先行词。
3. (spoke) to ，speak是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。
4. when改which，关系词在从句中应该做forget的宾语。
5. I 前加when，关系词代替先行从the holidays在从句中作时间状语，需要关系副词when。
6. where改that/ which，先行词在从句中作主语，关系代词不能省略。
7. that改who，当先行词为those的时候，关系代词指人一般用who不用that.
8. the way后加in，当先行词为way（方法）时，关系词用that/ in which。
9. when改that，当先行词是time时,若time表示次数时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可以省略。
10. which改it
11. which改that
12. which改why
13. Those后加who
14. because改why
一、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________________(他能求助). (turn)
2. The Yellow Crane Tower, ____________________(位于) Wuhan, attracts a lot of tourists every year.
3. These students will graduate from the university next summer, __________(到那时)they will have studied here for four years. (time)
4. There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs _________________(他们俩都引以为豪). (take)
5. “Is this temple ______________(你参观过的)a few weeks ago?” He asked me. (pay)
6. He is unlikely to find the place _______________（他居住过的地方）forty years ago. (live)
7. The reason ____________________（ 你的信已被退回）is that I don’t live there any more. (return)
Keys:
1. whom he could turn to for help/ to whom he could turn for help
2. (which is) located in
3. by which time
4. in which they both took pride/ (which/that) they both take pride in
5. the one (that) you paid a visit to
6. where he lived/ (in which) he lived
7. why your letter was returned
二．把下面句子组合成含定语从句的句子。
1. He grew up in the small town.
After graduation, he returned to the small town.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. I work in a business.
Almost everyone is waiting for a great chance there.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The factory fell down in the earthquake.
My father used to work in the factory.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. I will never forget the day.
I met him on that day.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Many things are done on computers these days.
We live in the days.
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. I usually played hide-and-seek with my friends in my childhood.
I still remember my childhood.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1. After graduation, he returned to the small town where he grew up.
2. I work in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
3. The factory where my father used to work fell down in the earthquake.
4. I will never forget the day when/on which I met him.
5. We live in the days when many things are done on computers.
6. I still remember my childhood when I usually played hide-and-seek with my friends.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择
( )1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
( )2. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
( )3. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. w hich C. about which D. with whom
( )4. In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
( )5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
( )6. There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
( )7. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.
A. o f which B. which of C. of them D. of that
( )8. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has more than 100 storeys.
A. the higher of them B. the highest of which
C. the highest of them D. some of which
Keys:
1. A 关系代词which指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days. 故答案选A。
2. C 本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success. 从句补全为独立的句子是：My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。
3. D 先行词为someone, 被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语，介词with 可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。
4. D 介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。
5. B。本题就是一个考查“the+ 名词+of+关系代词”结构的一个典型例子。这里the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。
6. D the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。
7. A 80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。
8. B 把从句部分整理为一个独立句子：the highest of the sky-scrapers has more than 100 storyes，用which指代先行词。
二．阅读理解
In October, 1961. at Crowley Field in Cincinnati, Ohio, an old, deaf gentleman named William E Hey stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired (退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier, in 1903. However, he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball.
William E. Hoy was horn in Houckstown, Ohio, on May 23, 1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation, he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker.
Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh (Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888, he started as an outfielder (外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season, he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators' leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever; he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19, 1889, he threw out three batters (击球手) at the plate from his outfield position.
The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike, and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years, people talked about Hoy's last ball game in 1903. He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy made a wonderful play which won the game. It was a very foggy night and, therefore, very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning (棒球的一局), with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Ms Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game.
After he retired, Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week. On December 15, 1961, William Hoy died at the age of 99
( )1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy's life?
a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker.
b. Hoy began to run a diary farm.
c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.
d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.
e. Hoy became deaf.
A. d, e, a, c, b B. e, a, c, b, d
C. d, a, e, c, b D. e. a, b, c, d
( )2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy ________in his late years.
A. became famous B. led a relaxed life
C. traveled around the world D. was in good physical condition
( )3. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball
B. baseball game rules and important players
C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people
D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from
( )4. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games.
C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.
D. Hoy's family encouraged him to become a baseball player.
Keys: 1. 选B。从“He became deaf when he was two years old”可知e该排在第一位；从“After he retired, Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years.”可见b该排在c后面。
2. 选D。根据题干中的时间状语“in his late years”排除A 项；根据“After he retired, Hoy stayed busy.” 排除B 项；C 项与事实不符；根据“Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week.”可知他的身体状况很好。
3. 选A。文章明显是写人物的。
4. 选B。从聋人William E Hey可以成为如此出色的职业baseball player可以推断出听说能力对baseball games不重要。其它选项非文章能推断出的。
三．书面表达
假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：
李明：高个子，戴眼镜
航班号：CA985
到达：8月6日上午11:30
注意：1. 词数100左右
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和介绍语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
How are you doing?__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案：
Dear Peter,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before.
Also, I’d like you to do me a favor. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is the first visit to the U.S.? Thank you in advance!
His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11:30 am. August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in blue jacket.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
通过本节课的学习掌握本单元的词汇短语与句型。
一. 词语辨析?
1. fight for/against/with
解释：fight for/against/with
fight for 为……而斗争；努力争取
fight against 与……作斗争
fight with 和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争
2. reward / award
解释：award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;
reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。
3. accept / receive
解释：accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”
receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”
4. since / because / as / for
解释：since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。
because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。
as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。
for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。
二．重点词汇
1. devote vt. 投入；献身
典例
1). He devoted himself entirely to music.
他将一生奉献给了音乐。
2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick.
玛丽献身于为病人服务。
重点用法
devote… to… 献身于；专心于
在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：
pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（坚持……）; lead to（导致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）; look forward to（盼望……）;
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
典例
1). We voted Democrat in the last election.
我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。
2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。
3). The votes are still being counted.
选票仍在统计中。
重点用法
vote down 投票否决；投票击败 vote in 投票选出；选举
vote through 表决通过 put… to the vote 将……付诸表决
take/have a vote on 对……进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
典例
1). He worked hard but without much reward.
他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。
2). He rewarded me with a prize.
他用一个奖励来报答我。
重点用法
in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）报酬、报答
give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
典例
1). Women demand equal pay for equal work.
女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。
2). All people are born equal.
人人生来平等。
重点用法
be equal to 与……相等
be equal with 与……平等
5. advise v. 建议
典例
1). I have advised you on that subject.
在那个问题上，我给过你建议.
2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie
建议我们要尽可能多练口语.
3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe.
我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.
重点用法
advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议……
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干…… advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议（某人）干……
advise + (that) sb. (should) do
advice n. 建议；意见
a piece of advice 一条建议
go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见
give advice to sb. on sth. 就……对某人提供建议
follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
三．重点词组
1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
[典例]
1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。
2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.
[短语归纳]
put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入监狱
The car thieves have been put in prison.
那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。
2. out of work 失业,出问题
[典例]
1). Jim has been out of work for several months.
吉姆已经失业几个月了。
2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.
玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。
[短语归纳]
in work 有工作
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦
out of use 没用了 out of date 过时
out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控
out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。
3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
[典例]
1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。
2). No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。
[短语归纳]
lose one’s job 失业 lose one’s balance 失去平衡
lose one’s breath上气不接下气 lose one’s heart (to sb/sth) 爱上
lose one’s life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱
四．重点句子
1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。
类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句
Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
拓展：
介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。
He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.
Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.
The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.
2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.
Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
3.?I?felt?bad?the?first?time?I?talked?to?the?group.?
?the?first?time?用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句?链接：It’s?the?first?time?that?现在完成时?It?was?the?first?time?that?过去完成时?
4.?He?taught?us?during?the?lunch?breaks?and?the?evenings?when?we?should?have?been?asleep.?
(should?have?done?本应做而未做)
needn’t?have?done?本不应做而做了?can’t?have?done?过去不可能做过
例1.(2014山东枣庄期中)Divide the cake into quarters and share it___________.
A. equally B. usually C. directly D. regularly
例2.(2014河北保定月考)They won’t allow us _______at this beach.
A.?swimming???????? B.?to swim??????? C.?swam???????? D.swim
例3. (2014陕西榆林模拟)________his scientific work, he has no time for his family affairs, _______,of course, his wife always complains about.
A. Devote to; which???? B.?Devoting ????to; which
C.?Being devoted to; that?????? D.?Devoting to; that
例4. (2014山东期中)He devoted all the money he had ________a house of his own.
A. set up B.?to set up? C.?to setting up D.?setting up
例5.(2014吉林松原期中)You can become part of the school community that you can ________for help when in trouble.
A. belong to B. come to C. stick to D. turn to
基础演练
一．单词拼写
1. The young heiress was so (大方的) that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.
2. Everybody knows that our director is very (忠诚的) to his wife.
3. To keep fit, he is a in all kinds of sports.
4. As we all know, the People’s R of Korea is our neighbor.
5. It is said that he holds an important p in the government office.
6. The goods of this company are of good (质量). It is no wonder they sell so well.
7. All the (领导) of our city pay much attention to education.
8. As we all know, fighting is an act of (暴力).
9. The beautiful girl is very gentle, which shows she is an (有教养的) girl.
10. His efforts were (奖赏)with success.
二．用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
advise/continue/educate/accept/lose heart/worry about
1. An educator must first himself.
2. I’ve received a gift from him, but I’m not going to it.
3. Don’t your test score because you have done your best.
4. The doctor me to take more exercise.
5. The team had won no games and it .
6. According to the weather report, the weather will fine till this weekend.
巩固提高
三. 完成句子
1. He will (被判死刑) for robbing a bank of our city.
2. The new mayor of our city will (上台) at the end of this month.
3. The thief (被关进监狱) for stealing a few expensive cars.
4. He seems to be more than thirty, but (事实上) he is only twenty-five.
5. It is reported that many people are (失业) in that country.
四. 单项选择。
1. —Dad, I plan to run a law in our town.
—Very good. Tell me more about your idea.
A. principle B. position C. stage D. firm
2. —I don’t know if Tom will attend the party until now.
—Really? , Tom is eager to do so.
A. In the end B. As a matter of fact
C. On purpose D. Believe it or not
3. As soon as he , he raised his own opinion about economy.
A. reached power B. arrived at power
C. came to power D. got to power
4. —How about going out for a walk?
—
A. What’s your opinion? B. I prefer it.
C. I agree. D. Good idea!
5. We advised they to build the bridge early.
A. start B. would start C. started D. have started
三．单项选择。从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. Men and women didn’t have rights by law in ancient time.
A. same B. ordinary C. equal D. confident
( )2. He is such a kind man that he is ready to help people .
A. in trouble B. at last C. of course D. as well
( )3. —Anyone who is to play this role in the play please put up your hand. I don’t want to force (强迫) anybody.
—I think I .
A. fit; will be B. interested; do C. ready; can be D. willing; am
( )4. I’m sure that this boy will be a great person in the future if he is well .
A. looked after B. educated C. concerned about D. practiced
( )5. He was caught and sentenced for a dam on the river last year.
A. blowing up B. breaking down C. moving away D. dropping off
( )6. People a monument to honor those people who devoted their lives to their country.
A. set out B. set down C. set up D. set on
( )7. That man has been to death for his behaviors.
A. killed B. sentenced C. voted D. allowed
( )8. I will never forget the time my brother and I stayed together on the farm last summer.
A. what B. which C. when D. in which
( )9. I’m sure I can complete in the coming three days.
A. myself duty B. my own’s duty C. mine duty D. my own duty
( )10. During wartime, the religious leader was in Monahan for twenty years.
A. put in a prison B. put in the prison C. put in prison D. put in prisons
四．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Tom is kind-hearted and always ________ (will) to help others.
2. Although he is quite old, he is still very ________ (activity).
3. I like playing in the band, but I don’t do it just for fun. It’s is my ________ (live).
4. Without the children around, she spent a ________ (peace) day in the garden.
5. He spent two years as a ________ (prison) in the mountains. It is an experience he’ll never forget after being setting free.
6. He often regrets his wasted _______ (young). Without a good education, how can he find a nice job?
7. Can you imagine such a highly ________ (educate) woman being caught stealing?
8. After he saw the ________ (terrible) of war, all he wants now is peace and quite.
9. A law has been made against ________ (cruel) to animals.
10. The judge sent the ________ (crime) to prison finally.
11. At that time, people often sang some songs to make fun of the political ________ (lead).
12. We thanked him ________ (sincere) for his helping us out of trouble.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一．单词拼写（根据句意及所给首字母或汉语提示写出下列单词）
1. Products of high q_______ sell well in the market.
2. I refuse to lie about it; It’s against my p_______.
3. The Chinese people f_______ against the Japanese invaders for 8 years and drove them out of China.
4. The factory will be closed down over a ________（时期） of two years.
5. I’d a________ you to buy tickets well in advance if you want to travel in the festival.
6. She wanted to c_______ working after she was married.
7. China is playing an important role on the international political ________（舞台）.
8. From his p_______ on the top of the hill, he had a good view of the city.
9. I received an invitation to the party, but I haven’t decided whether to ________（接受）it or not.
10. Children should not be allowed to watch movies that show a lot of ________（暴力）.
11. The prisoner slipped past the g_______ on the gate and escaped.
12. After the car accident, the woman was still shaking with f_______.
13. Winning the match was just ________（回报）for the effort the team had made.
14. You have no ________（权利）to stop me from going there.
15. It was the second time that he had been elected as ________（总统）
二．完型填写。从所给的四个选项中选择正确答案。
Harriet Tubman was born a slave. She didn’t get a __1__ to go to school. __2__ a child, Harriet had to work very hard in __3__ all day. That way, her owner could __4__ a lot of money when he sold his crops. Harriet __5__ think that she was being treated fairly.
__6__ Harriet grew up, she ran away from the plantation（庄园）to the Northern United States. There, and in Canada, __7__ could be free.
Harriet liked to be free. She felt __8__ for all of the black people who were __9__ slaves.
Harriet returned to __10__ to help other slaves to run away. She made __11__ that they got to the North and became free.
Harriet was in great __12__ because of a law that __13__. The law said it was not permitted to __14__ runaway slaves. She also __15__ that the slave owners said they would __16__ $4000 to anyone who could catch Harriet Tubman.
There were many stories about Harriet __17__ slaves run away. In all, she made nineteen trips back to the South and guided about 300 slaves to __18__. When the Civil War broke out, the northern states __19__ with the southern states. Harriet __20__ the northern states because the Northern believed that slaves should be free. She worked as a nurse and spied should be free. She worked as a nurse and spied behind enemy lines until the northern states won the war.
( )1. A. day B. chance C. permission D. moment
( )2. A. As B. Being C. Since D. Like
( )3. A. the farm B. a school C. the fields D. a factory
( )4. A. make B. pay C. get D. spend
( )5. A. certainly B. didn’t C. did D. no longer
( )6. A. Since B. After C. Then D. With
( )7. A. the white B. white C. black D. black people
( )8. A. happy B. sure C. wrong D. sorry
( )9. A. still B. yet C. only D. not
( )10. A. Canada B. the South C. the North D. the U.S.
( )11. A. perfect B. way C. possible D. sure
( )12. A. anger B. anxiety C. hurry D. danger
( )13. A. has just been passed B. had just been broken
C. had just been passed D. has just been broken
( )14. A. help B. set free C. stop D. catch
( )15. A. found B. noticed C. found out D. made sure
( )16. A. pay B. make C. spend D. get
( )17. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help
( )18. A. freedom B. safety C. North D. Southern states
( )19. A. united B. fought C. made peace D. gave in
( )20. A. looked for B. stood for C. looked on D. went to
Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
通过本节课的学习掌握本单元的词汇短语与句型。
一. 词语辨析?
1. fight for/against/with
解释：fight for/against/with
fight for 为……而斗争；努力争取
fight against 与……作斗争
fight with 和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争
2. reward / award
解释：award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;
reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。
3. accept / receive
解释：accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”
receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”
4. since / because / as / for
解释：since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。
because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。
as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。
for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。
二．重点词汇
1. devote vt. 投入；献身
典例
1). He devoted himself entirely to music.
他将一生奉献给了音乐。
2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick.
玛丽献身于为病人服务。
重点用法
devote… to… 献身于；专心于
在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：
pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（坚持……）; lead to（导致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）; look forward to（盼望……）;
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
典例
1). We voted Democrat in the last election.
我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。
2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。
3). The votes are still being counted.
选票仍在统计中。
重点用法
vote down 投票否决；投票击败 vote in 投票选出；选举
vote through 表决通过 put… to the vote 将……付诸表决
take/have a vote on 对……进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
典例
1). He worked hard but without much reward.
他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。
2). He rewarded me with a prize.
他用一个奖励来报答我。
重点用法
in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）报酬、报答
give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
典例
1). Women demand equal pay for equal work.
女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。
2). All people are born equal.
人人生来平等。
重点用法
be equal to 与……相等
be equal with 与……平等
5. advise v. 建议
典例
1). I have advised you on that subject.
在那个问题上，我给过你建议.
2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie
建议我们要尽可能多练口语.
3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe.
我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.
重点用法
advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议……
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干…… advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议（某人）干……
advise + (that) sb. (should) do
advice n. 建议；意见
a piece of advice 一条建议
go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见
give advice to sb. on sth. 就……对某人提供建议
follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
三．重点词组
1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
[典例]
1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。
2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.
[短语归纳]
put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入监狱
The car thieves have been put in prison.
那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。
2. out of work 失业,出问题
[典例]
1). Jim has been out of work for several months.
吉姆已经失业几个月了。
2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.
玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。
[短语归纳]
in work 有工作
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦
out of use 没用了 out of date 过时
out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控
out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。
3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
[典例]
1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。
2). No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。
[短语归纳]
lose one’s job 失业 lose one’s balance 失去平衡
lose one’s breath上气不接下气 lose one’s heart (to sb/sth) 爱上
lose one’s life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱
四．重点句子
1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。
类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句
Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
拓展：
介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。
He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.
Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.
The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.
2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.
Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
3.?I?felt?bad?the?first?time?I?talked?to?the?group.?
?the?first?time?用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句?链接：It’s?the?first?time?that?现在完成时?It?was?the?first?time?that?过去完成时?
4.?He?taught?us?during?the?lunch?breaks?and?the?evenings?when?we?should?have?been?asleep.?
(should?have?done?本应做而未做)
needn’t?have?done?本不应做而做了?can’t?have?done?过去不可能做过
例1.(2014山东枣庄期中)Divide the cake into quarters and share it___________.
A. equally B. usually C. directly D. regularly
解析?：由语境可知本句所表达的句意为：把蛋糕分成四份，分配要公平。equally意为平等地；usually通常；directly直接地；regularly有规律地。由句意可知本题答案。
答案：A?
例2.(2014河北保定月考)They won’t allow us _______at this beach.
A.?swimming???????? B.?to swim??????? C.?swam???????? D.swim
?解析?：本句考查非谓语动词的用法。allow sb. to do sth.意为允许某人做某事。由此可知本题答案。
答案为B????
例3. (2014陕西榆林模拟)________his scientific work, he has no time for his family affairs, _______,of course, his wife always complains about.
A. Devote to; which???? B.?Devoting ????to; which
C.?Being devoted to; that?????? D.?Devoting to; that
解析?：考查形容词以及定语从句。第一空的形容词短语devoted to…是对句子主语he的情况进行的解释说明，be devoted to…致力于…；第二空的which指代前面一句话的内容在句中做为about的宾语，句意：致力于科学研究工作，他没有时间来处理家庭事务，这当然让他的妻子经常要抱怨。故可知本题答案。
答案：A
例4. (2014山东期中)He devoted all the money he had ________a house of his own.
A. set up B.?to set up? C.?to setting up D.?setting up
解析:本题考查devote…to…把.......奉献给……,在这里to为介词，所以其后接动名词短语。由此可知本题答案。
答案：C?
例5.(2014吉林松原期中)You can become part of the school community that you can ________for help when in trouble.
A. belong to B. come to C. stick to D. turn to
解析：本句所表达的句意为：你可以加入学校社团，遇到麻烦时可以向其求助。考查动词短语。belong to属于；come to共计，苏醒；stick to坚持；turn to求助于。由句意可知本题答案。
答案：D
基础演练
一．单词拼写
1. The young heiress was so (大方的) that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.
2. Everybody knows that our director is very (忠诚的) to his wife.
3. To keep fit, he is a in all kinds of sports.
4. As we all know, the People’s R of Korea is our neighbor.
5. It is said that he holds an important p in the government office.
6. The goods of this company are of good (质量). It is no wonder they sell so well.
7. All the (领导) of our city pay much attention to education.
8. As we all know, fighting is an act of (暴力).
9. The beautiful girl is very gentle, which shows she is an (有教养的) girl.
10. His efforts were (奖赏)with success.
Keys: 1. generous 2. devoted 3. active
4. Republic 5. position 6. quality
7. leaders 8. violence 9. educated
10. rewarded
二．用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
advise/continue/educate/accept/lose heart/worry about
1. An educator must first himself.
2. I’ve received a gift from him, but I’m not going to it.
3. Don’t your test score because you have done your best.
4. The doctor me to take more exercise.
5. The team had won no games and it .
6. According to the weather report, the weather will fine till this weekend.
Keys: 1. educate 2. accept 3. worry about 4. advised 5. lost heart 6. continue
巩固提高
三. 完成句子
1. He will (被判死刑) for robbing a bank of our city.
2. The new mayor of our city will (上台) at the end of this month.
3. The thief (被关进监狱) for stealing a few expensive cars.
4. He seems to be more than thirty, but (事实上) he is only twenty-five.
5. It is reported that many people are (失业) in that country.
Keys: 1. be sentenced to death 2. come to power 3. was put in/into prison
4. as a matter of fact 5. out of work
四. 单项选择。
1. —Dad, I plan to run a law in our town.
—Very good. Tell me more about your idea.
A. principle B. position C. stage D. firm
2. —I don’t know if Tom will attend the party until now.
—Really? , Tom is eager to do so.
A. In the end B. As a matter of fact
C. On purpose D. Believe it or not
3. As soon as he , he raised his own opinion about economy.
A. reached power B. arrived at power
C. came to power D. got to power
4. —How about going out for a walk?
—
A. What’s your opinion? B. I prefer it.
C. I agree. D. Good idea!
5. We advised they to build the bridge early.
A. start B. would start C. started D. have started
Keys:
1.选D。考查词义辨析。firm在这里意为“公司”。
2.选D。插入语believe it or not意思是“信不信由你”。
3.选C。come to power意为“执政；上台”。
4.选D。考查日常交际用语。这里表示对别人建议的回答。
5.选A。表达“建议、命令、要求”的动词后跟从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其结构是“should+动词原形”或直接加动词原形。
三．单项选择。从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. Men and women didn’t have rights by law in ancient time.
A. same B. ordinary C. equal D. confident
( )2. He is such a kind man that he is ready to help people .
A. in trouble B. at last C. of course D. as well
( )3. —Anyone who is to play this role in the play please put up your hand. I don’t want to force (强迫) anybody.
—I think I .
A. fit; will be B. interested; do C. ready; can be D. willing; am
( )4. I’m sure that this boy will be a great person in the future if he is well .
A. looked after B. educated C. concerned about D. practiced
( )5. He was caught and sentenced for a dam on the river last year.
A. blowing up B. breaking down C. moving away D. dropping off
( )6. People a monument to honor those people who devoted their lives to their country.
A. set out B. set down C. set up D. set on
( )7. That man has been to death for his behaviors.
A. killed B. sentenced C. voted D. allowed
( )8. I will never forget the time my brother and I stayed together on the farm last summer.
A. what B. which C. when D. in which
( )9. I’m sure I can complete in the coming three days.
A. myself duty B. my own’s duty C. mine duty D. my own duty
( )10. During wartime, the religious leader was in Monahan for twenty years.
A. put in a prison B. put in the prison C. put in prison D. put in prisons
Keys:
1.选C。same意为“同样的”；ordinary意为“平常的”；equal意为“平等的”；confident意为“相信的；确信的”。句意为：在古代，男人和女人在法律上没有平等的 权力。根据句意可知，选C。
2.选A。选A。in trouble意为“陷入困 境的”，符合句意。
3.选D。 be willing to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”。前面的主语用了动词be，因此回答是“I am”。
4.选B。look after意为“照看；照顾”，be educated意为“得到教育”，concerned about意为“关心”，practice不与the boy形成被动关系。根据句意，选D项。
5.选A。blow up意为“爆炸”，符合句意。
6.选C。set out意为“开始；出发”；set down意为“着手”；set up意为“建立”；set on意为“攻击；前进”。根据句意，选C项。
7.选B。be sentenced to death为固定搭配，意为“判死刑”。
8.选C。考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是time，引导词在从句中作状语。
9. 选D。one’s own某人自己的。
10.选C。put sb. in/ into prison为固定搭配，把某人送入监狱。
四．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Tom is kind-hearted and always ________ (will) to help others.
2. Although he is quite old, he is still very ________ (activity).
3. I like playing in the band, but I don’t do it just for fun. It’s is my ________ (live).
4. Without the children around, she spent a ________ (peace) day in the garden.
5. He spent two years as a ________ (prison) in the mountains. It is an experience he’ll never forget after being setting free.
6. He often regrets his wasted _______ (young). Without a good education, how can he find a nice job?
7. Can you imagine such a highly ________ (educate) woman being caught stealing?
8. After he saw the ________ (terrible) of war, all he wants now is peace and quite.
9. A law has been made against ________ (cruel) to animals.
10. The judge sent the ________ (crime) to prison finally.
11. At that time, people often sang some songs to make fun of the political ________ (lead).
12. We thanked him ________ (sincere) for his helping us out of trouble.
Keys: 1.willing 2.active 3.livelihood 4.peaceful 5.prisoner 6.youth 7.educated 8.terrors 9.cruelty 10.criminal 11.leaders 12.sincerely
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一．单词拼写（根据句意及所给首字母或汉语提示写出下列单词）
1. Products of high q_______ sell well in the market.
2. I refuse to lie about it; It’s against my p_______.
3. The Chinese people f_______ against the Japanese invaders for 8 years and drove them out of China.
4. The factory will be closed down over a ________（时期） of two years.
5. I’d a________ you to buy tickets well in advance if you want to travel in the festival.
6. She wanted to c_______ working after she was married.
7. China is playing an important role on the international political ________（舞台）.
8. From his p_______ on the top of the hill, he had a good view of the city.
9. I received an invitation to the party, but I haven’t decided whether to ________（接受）it or not.
10. Children should not be allowed to watch movies that show a lot of ________（暴力）.
11. The prisoner slipped past the g_______ on the gate and escaped.
12. After the car accident, the woman was still shaking with f_______.
13. Winning the match was just ________（回报）for the effort the team had made.
14. You have no ________（权利）to stop me from going there.
15. It was the second time that he had been elected as ________（总统）
Keys:
1.quality 2.principle 3.fought 4.period 5.advise 6.continue 7.stage 8.position
9. accept 10.violence 11.guards 12.fear 13.reward 14.right 15.president
二．完型填写。从所给的四个选项中选择正确答案。
Harriet Tubman was born a slave. She didn’t get a __1__ to go to school. __2__ a child, Harriet had to work very hard in __3__ all day. That way, her owner could __4__ a lot of money when he sold his crops. Harriet __5__ think that she was being treated fairly.
__6__ Harriet grew up, she ran away from the plantation（庄园）to the Northern United States. There, and in Canada, __7__ could be free.
Harriet liked to be free. She felt __8__ for all of the black people who were __9__ slaves.
Harriet returned to __10__ to help other slaves to run away. She made __11__ that they got to the North and became free.
Harriet was in great __12__ because of a law that __13__. The law said it was not permitted to __14__ runaway slaves. She also __15__ that the slave owners said they would __16__ $4000 to anyone who could catch Harriet Tubman.
There were many stories about Harriet __17__ slaves run away. In all, she made nineteen trips back to the South and guided about 300 slaves to __18__. When the Civil War broke out, the northern states __19__ with the southern states. Harriet __20__ the northern states because the Northern believed that slaves should be free. She worked as a nurse and spied should be free. She worked as a nurse and spied behind enemy lines until the northern states won the war.
( )1. A. day B. chance C. permission D. moment
( )2. A. As B. Being C. Since D. Like
( )3. A. the farm B. a school C. the fields D. a factory
( )4. A. make B. pay C. get D. spend
( )5. A. certainly B. didn’t C. did D. no longer
( )6. A. Since B. After C. Then D. With
( )7. A. the white B. white C. black D. black people
( )8. A. happy B. sure C. wrong D. sorry
( )9. A. still B. yet C. only D. not
( )10. A. Canada B. the South C. the North D. the U.S.
( )11. A. perfect B. way C. possible D. sure
( )12. A. anger B. anxiety C. hurry D. danger
( )13. A. has just been passed B. had just been broken
C. had just been passed D. has just been broken
( )14. A. help B. set free C. stop D. catch
( )15. A. found B. noticed C. found out D. made sure
( )16. A. pay B. make C. spend D. get
( )17. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help
( )18. A. freedom B. safety C. North D. Southern states
( )19. A. united B. fought C. made peace D. gave in
( )20. A. looked for B. stood for C. looked on D. went to
Keys: 1. 选B。 此处不是强调上学时间的长短，排除A、D两项。作为奴隶，她是没有机会去上学，不是得不到许可证。
2. A as a child相当于when she was a child
3. C 从下文“…sold his crops”分析；考虑farm与on的搭配。
4. A make money赚钱。
5. B 这是下文她长大后从庄园逃跑的原因。
6.B 根据grew up与ran away的时间关系判断。
7. D 既然她逃去那里，那里对象她一样的黑人来说应该是自由的。
8. D 根据下文她帮奴隶逃跑可见她对奴隶应是感到同情。
9. A 同情仍然是奴隶的人。
10. B 根据上下文，她从南部逃到北部，再回来应该是回到南部。
11. D make sure…确保。
12. D in danger固定词组，意为“处于危险中”。
13.选C break the law破坏法律， pass the law通过法律，根据上下文应为通过；又因为时态必须与上下文一致。
14. A 她所做的事是帮奴隶逃跑，法律使她处于危险中，所以法律应该是不允许这样做的。
15. C find找到；find out弄清楚，了解到。
16. A 根据主宾关系，应该是奴隶主付钱给抓住Harriet的人。
17. C about介词后跟名词或动名词，Harriet是动名词的逻辑主语。
18. A 将奴隶们带向自由；North前要加the。
19. B 美国内战又称南北战争。
20.B stand for赞同，支持。
