Unit1 Cultural relics-词汇篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握本单元的重点短语与句型。
一．重点单词和短语
1. survive
He survived in the accident 幸存下来，不及物动词
He survived the car accident 幸免于车祸，及物动词
survive sb.(by...)比…活得长（几年）
拓展：survivor n.幸存者
survival n.幸存；生存
2.fancy
vt. 想象；空想；假想
We cannot fancy a life without electricity. 我们无法想象没有电的生活。
fancy...(to be)/ fancy...as... 想象……是……
I can’t fancy him to be an English teacher. 我无法想象他教英语会是什么样子。
She fancied herself (to be) famous. 她幻想自己成名。
fancy (sb. /sb.’ s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事，常用于祈使句中，表示惊叹。
Fancy George reading such difficult books！真想不到乔治会看那样难的书啊！
Fancy his/him telling a lie！想想看，他竟说了谎！
fancy that...认为……；猜想……
She fancied that she was being followed. 她认为自己被跟踪了。
3. design n./v设计；构思
by design（=on purpose）有意，故意?
be designed for 为……而设计
be designed to do sth.?为做……而设计
be design= on purpose 故意地；蓄意地
by accident or design 碰巧
4. prove
(1)vt. prove sth.to sb.向某人证实某物/事
(2)系动词: prove (to be)+ n/adj.=turn out (to be) + n/adj.证明是；结果是
The medicine proved (to be) satisfactory
5.belong to?
(1)belong to 不用于被动语态和进行时态。(2)belongings n.财产；所有物；
China is a country belonging to the Third World.(此belonging作定语表主动，不是进行时态）
6. search for：搜寻，寻找
(1)in search of 寻找，= in one’s search for。
(2) search somebody, 搜身，为及物动词。
(3)search （+地点）for+ sb./sth: 搜寻，寻找
They searched the village for the enemy.
7. tell...apart, apart from, take apart
(1)tell A and B apart 把…区别开。=tell A from B =distinguish A from B?
(2)apart from 除……之外，包括except, except for, besides的用法??
(3)take apart 拆开，拆散。
8.情态动词+ have + done
should（=ought to）have done 本该做而没做needn’t have done 本来不需要做而实际上做了
could have done 本来能够做而未做 I would like to have done…本想做而未做?
9. 情态动词表猜测的用法
1).must/may/might 用于肯定猜测 can/could 用于否定或疑问猜测
2).对现在猜测：情态动词+ do
对过去猜测： 情态动词+have+ done
might/could 强调语气比may/can弱,
如: He must be at home.(对 现在的肯定猜测) He can’t be at home(对现在的否定猜测)
It must have rained last night.(对过去肯定猜测) It couldn’t have rained. (对过去否定猜测)
另外：can用于肯定句强调对客观情况的猜测；Walking in the forest can be dangerous. mustn’t 表禁止 may not 可能不
10. in ret urn for?作为对…的回报 in turn 反过来，轮流 by turns 轮流
in return for sth. 回报, 作为报酬
What did you give him in return? 你给他什么作为报答呢?
I gave him some books in return for his assistance. 我给他一些书作为他帮忙的答谢。
in turn 反过来；轮流，依次
They answered the teacher's questions in turn. 他们依次回答了老师的问题。
by turns 轮流地, 时而……时而……
They look after the twins by turns. 他们轮流照顾双胞胎。
11. remain
1)保持，仍然是(=系动词）remain seated/silent/quiet
2)停留 I remained in London for three days.
3)剩下 Vi N othing remained after the fire ; remaining food (不用remained)
4)待以后再看/做/ remain to be seen / do ne
12. consider sth. to be 认为…是… consider doing : 考虑做某事
take…into consideration 考虑到 considering 介词，考虑到
considerate；考虑周到的，体贴的considerable; 相当多的，相当大的
13. worth
1).worth adj. 值得的；相当于……的价值，一般用作表语，偶尔作定语用。worth前面可以用well, really, very much, hardly, easily修饰，但不用very修饰。
He has something very much worth saying. 他有些话很值得讲。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这个问题不值得一再讨论。
The picture is worth at least twenty pounds. 这张图片至少值二十英镑。
2).worth n. 价值（不可数名词）
a picture of great worth 一幅价值昂贵的画
a man of worth 很有价值的人
拓展：worthless 无价值的,没用的 priceless 无价的，贵重的
worthy: 值得尊敬的; 如：my worthy teacher
worth, worthy, worthwhile辨析
worth 后接名词或相当于名词的词，指做某事有一定价值或意义。
worthy 形容词，与worth同义，但搭配不相同：be worthy of，be worthy to be done
worthwhile 形容词，用作表语或定语，指某事物是值得的，或某事是值得做的。
例句：There is nothing worthy of mention. 没有值得一提的事情。
It proved worthwhile to make the trip. 这次旅行证明是值得的。
14.evidence n.根据；证据
短语拓展：
in evidence显眼；显而易见
there is some /no evidence that…有些/没有……证据，证明……(此处的that引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容)
There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.
有许多证据证明在一定程度上压力是造成疾病的原因。
二．重点句型
1.Nor do I think ...
原句回放：Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也不认为他们应该把它交给政府。
点拨：该句中由于把否定词nor放于句首，所以使用了部分倒装语序。英语中当否定副词以及含有否定词的介词短语放于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。这样的副词及短语有never, seldom, neither, nor, little, not, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in no time, by no means, in no way等。
Never shall I make such a mistake. 我再也不会犯这种错误了。
Seldom does she go out alone. 她很少独自外出。
You haven’t finished your homework, neither have I. 你还没完成你的作业，我也是。
2.have sth. done 请人做某事/遭遇不幸
have sb. do 让人做某事
have sb./sth. doing 让某人/某物一直持续做某事，一段时间
3. There is no doubt that = Undoubtedly
4. It’s no wonder that… 难怪
例1. (2014安徽亳州月考) The little boy was the only one who ________the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.
A. experienced B. escaped C. survived D. suffered
例2. (2014江西赣州月考) In order to __________the financial storm, many families cut their daily expenses.
A. prevent B. survive C. quit D. keep
例3. (2014浙江温州月考) –Mary looks very upset. She __________failed to pass the exam.
-I guess so. It’s very difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
例4. (2014北师大附中月考) There was something wrong with the network, or the e-mail ____ earlier.
A. could have been sent B. might be sent
C. need have been sent D. must be sent
例5. (2014江西赣州月考)The book, mainly _________use in college, is a best-seller this summer.
A. designed for B. designed to
C. designing for D. designing to
基础演练
一．将下列词组或短语译成中文或英文。
1. in search of ___________
2. belong to _____________
3. at war _______________
4. in return _____________
5. less than ______________
6. take part in____________
7. think highly of _______________
8. pay much attention to __________
9. rather than ______________
10. there is no doubt that_________
11.文化遗产 _______________
12. 调查 _______________
13. 充当；作……之用 _______________
14. 在某一点上达成协议 _______________
15. 认为……是……；把……看作…… _______________
巩固提高
二．用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I won’t waste any more of your __________ (value) time.
2. It’s normal to experience __________ (culture) shock when you go abroad for the first time.
3. He is the only __________ (survive) of the accident.
4. That shop has a fine __________ (select) of cakes.
5. Our __________ (wood) sofa seems not very comfortable.
6. It was __________ (amaze) that he knew nothing about the event.
7. Two leaders __________ (secret) flew to that country to solve the problem.
8. It is __________ (doubt) whether he can carry on his tasks as president for the next five years.
9. The __________ (sail) are asked to take their positions by their captain.
10. Yesterday they were invited to a __________ (form) party.
一．根据提示完成句子。
1.他们成立了一个委员会来调查这一事件。(look into)
They set up a committee ___________________.
2.这门课程是为英语初学者设计的。
The course _____________English beginners. （design）
3.在教堂里你应该脱帽。
You should ____________________ in the church.
4.那本词典是图书馆的。(belong to)
That dictionary _____________.
5.我认为这部电影值得再看一次。(worth)
I think _______________________.
6.我也不知道他们能不能准时到。（wonder）
I wonder _________________.
7.这个想法很值得考虑(consider)
The idea ___________________
8.我惊奇的是，他在不到一个小时的时间里就完成了工作。(amaze)
______________ that he finished the work in less than an hour.
9.老板不看重他。
He was not _______________________________
10. 我送给他一份礼物以回报他对我的帮助。
I sent him a present ________________________
11. 他言行不一致。
His words _________________________________.
12.他们对你的工作能力评价很高。
They ________________ your work abilities.
二．单项选择。
1. The police________ him to see if he had a gun.
A. searched for B. searched C. in search of D. looked for
2. —We don’t know who stole the book. What’s you opinion?
—Jack is considered _______ it.
A. having done B. to have done C. doing D. to do
3. He was so nervous during the test. No ______ he didn’t pass the exam.
A. way B. surprise C. wonder D. matter
4. I’m sorry to have you _____ so long.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to be waiting
5. Let me try to _______ my ideas to you in another way.
A. recreate B. restore C. represent D. rebuild
6. It usually takes the runners a few minutes to ______ their breath after a long race.
A. hold B. lose C. keep D. get
7. The matter is _______ consideration and the result will come out tomorrow.
A. in B. on C. at D. under
8. The employee you had been thinking highly_______ dishonest.
A. of proving B. of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved.
9. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt
10.______ is known to all that the Amber Room belongs to the Russians.
A. As B. which C. It D. What
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一. 单项选择
( )1. This book will _______ to the students of English.
A. be of great value B. be of great valuable
C. be great value D. be of very value
( )2. — The English exam is not difficult, is it?
—__. Even Tom ________ to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; who is belonging B. No; who is belonged
C. Yes; who belongs D. No; who is belonging
( )3. There is a front and a back entrance ___ the house.
A. to B. on C. of D. in
( )4. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to ___ him in his work.
A. hamper B. support C. assist D. encourage
( )5. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ___ will promote its economic development.
A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact
( )6. The painting of his has been ______ __by some experts.
A. high thought of B. well thought of
C. highly thought D. good thought
( )7. Mr. Zhang ____________ to be Chairman of the meeting.
A. selected B. has selected C. was selected D. selects
( )8. Mike ________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
A. can have found B. could have found
C. c an’t have found D. mustn’t have found
( )9. As is known to all, the financial crisis firstly broke out in the United States, which _______ the group of developed countries.
A. belonging to B. was belonging to
C. belongs to D. is belonged to
( )10. The little boy was the only one who ______ the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.
A. experienced B. escaped C. survived D. suffered
( )11. Teenagers shouldn’t be ________ from school although they don’t do well in studies.
A. disappeared B. gone C. removed D. beaten
( )12. Whether by accident or _______, he arrived too late to help us.
A. purpose B. aim C. design D. chance
( )13. We bought a large sofa, which could also ___________ a bed.
A. serve as B. serving as C. be served as D. served as
( )14. Our friends have done a lot for us, but we have done little ___________.
A. back B. in return C. pay back D. return
( )15. They went in different directions ______________ water in the desert.
A. to search B. in search of C. search of D. searching
( )16. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
( )17. I have no doubt __________ Lily will go to see Jay Chou’s live show, because she loves him so much.
A. if B. whether C. that D. about
( )18. Visitors were _____ at the _____scenery.
A. amazed; amazing B. amazed; amazed
C. amazing; amazing D. amazing; amazed
( )19. — Why do you look so upset?
—There are so many troublesome problems ___________.
A. remaining to settle B. remained settled
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled.
( )20. It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while
二．完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
You and I have principles(原则). And we also have opinions. I have __1__ about what I think is right or wrong or good or __2__. But they are only opinions—I could be wrong! I __3__ try to build my life around my opinions, but I will try to __4__ my principles.
A 15?year?old boy learned a(n) __5__ lesson about life principles. On his way home he found a woman's __6__ that contained $127 as well as her ID card. __7__ hesitation, he hopped(快速跳) onto his bike and went over to her __8__—about a mile away. He told her he __9__ her wallet and she gave him a big hug and twenty dollars.
That evening the boy told his parents about the event and his father said, “I don't think you should have __10__ $20 for doing what you should have done. A person shouldn't be __11__ for being honest.”
He thought about his father's __12__ and decided he would return the money. He biked to the lady's home and __13__ her back the twenty dollars. She didn't want to take it, but he told her she __14__ to...that his father pointed out __15__ to him that he had never __16__ before.
When principles __17__ our every action and decision, we actually change. These great principles __18__ our lives and make us into persons of character. That boy is __19__ to be raised by a wise father who had the __40__ to say, “Those are my principles.”
( )1. A. opinions B. wishes C. .decisions D. suggestions
( )2. A. well B. mistaken C. right D. bad
( )3. A. shan’t B. won't C. can’t D. don't
( )4. A. change B. advise C. follow D. make
( )5. A. valuable B. easy C. difficult D. funny
( )6. A. bag B. wallet C. suitcase D. box
( )7. A. About B. For C. Without D. In
( )8. A. factory B. school C. office D. house
( )9. A. checked B. searched C. threw D. found
( )10. A. accepted B. supplied C. received D. borrowed
( )11. A. rewarded B. praised C. forgotten D. blamed
( )12. A. actions B. worries C. words D. excuses
( )13. A. took B. gave C. put D. set
( )14. A. attempted B. preferred C. planned D. had
( )15. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
( )16. A. guessed B. taught C. met D. realized
( )17. A. guide B. do C. interrupt D. allow
( )18. A. limit B. shape C . prevent D. keep
( )19. A. unlucky B. careful C. brave D. lucky
( )20. A. right B. courage C. wisdom D. chance
Unit1 Cultural relics-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
通过本节课的学习掌握本单元的重点短语与句型。
一．重点单词和短语
1. survive
He survived in the accident 幸存下来，不及物动词
He survived the car accident 幸免于车祸，及物动词
survive sb.(by...)比…活得长（几年）
拓展：survivor n.幸存者
survival n.幸存；生存
2.fancy
vt. 想象；空想；假想
We cannot fancy a life without electricity. 我们无法想象没有电的生活。
fancy...(to be)/ fancy...as... 想象……是……
I can’t fancy him to be an English teacher. 我无法想象他教英语会是什么样子。
She fancied herself (to be) famous. 她幻想自己成名。
fancy (sb. /sb.’ s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事，常用于祈使句中，表示惊叹。
Fancy George reading such difficult books！真想不到乔治会看那样难的书啊！
Fancy his/him telling a lie！想想看，他竟说了谎！
fancy that...认为……；猜想……
She fancied that she was being followed. 她认为自己被跟踪了。
3. design n./v设计；构思
by design（=on purpose）有意，故意?
be designed for 为……而设计
be designed to do sth.?为做……而设计
be design= on purpose 故意地；蓄意地
by accident or design 碰巧
4. prove
(1)vt. prove sth.to sb.向某人证实某物/事
(2)系动词: prove (to be)+ n/adj.=turn out (to be) + n/adj.证明是；结果是
The medicine proved (to be) satisfactory
5.belong to?
(1)belong to 不用于被动语态和进行时态。(2)belongings n.财产；所有物；
China is a country belonging to the Third World.(此belonging作定语表主动，不是进行时态）
6. search for：搜寻，寻找
(1)in search of 寻找，= in one’s search for。
(2) search somebody, 搜身，为及物动词。
(3)search （+地点）for+ sb./sth: 搜寻，寻找
They searched the village for the enemy.
7. tell...apart, apart from, take apart
(1)tell A and B apart 把…区别开。=tell A from B =distinguish A from B?
(2)apart from 除……之外，包括except, except for, besides的用法??
(3)take apart 拆开，拆散。
8.情态动词+ have + done
should（=ought to）have done 本该做而没做needn’t have done 本来不需要做而实际上做了
could have done 本来能够做而未做 I would like to have done…本想做而未做?
9. 情态动词表猜测的用法
1).must/may/might 用于肯定猜测 can/could 用于否定或疑问猜测
2).对现在猜测：情态动词+ do
对过去猜测： 情态动词+have+ done
might/could 强调语气比may/can弱,
如: He must be at home.(对 现在的肯定猜测) He can’t be at home(对现在的否定猜测)
It must have rained last night.(对过去肯定猜测) It couldn’t have rained. (对过去否定猜测)
另外：can用于肯定句强调对客观情况的猜测；Walking in the forest can be dangerous. mustn’t 表禁止 may not 可能不
10. in ret urn for?作为对…的回报 in turn 反过来，轮流 by turns 轮流
in return for sth. 回报, 作为报酬
What did you give him in return? 你给他什么作为报答呢?
I gave him some books in return for his assistance. 我给他一些书作为他帮忙的答谢。
in turn 反过来；轮流，依次
They answered the teacher's questions in turn. 他们依次回答了老师的问题。
by turns 轮流地, 时而……时而……
They look after the twins by turns. 他们轮流照顾双胞胎。
11. remain
1)保持，仍然是(=系动词）remain seated/silent/quiet
2)停留 I remained in London for three days.
3)剩下 Vi N othing remained after the fire ; remaining food (不用remained)
4)待以后再看/做/ remain to be seen / do ne
12. consider sth. to be 认为…是… consider doing : 考虑做某事
take…into consideration 考虑到 considering 介词，考虑到
considerate；考虑周到的，体贴的considerable; 相当多的，相当大的
13. worth
1).worth adj. 值得的；相当于……的价值，一般用作表语，偶尔作定语用。worth前面可以用well, really, very much, hardly, easily修饰，但不用very修饰。
He has something very much worth saying. 他有些话很值得讲。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这个问题不值得一再讨论。
The picture is worth at least twenty pounds. 这张图片至少值二十英镑。
2).worth n. 价值（不可数名词）
a picture of great worth 一幅价值昂贵的画
a man of worth 很有价值的人
拓展：worthless 无价值的,没用的 priceless 无价的，贵重的
worthy: 值得尊敬的; 如：my worthy teacher
worth, worthy, worthwhile辨析
worth 后接名词或相当于名词的词，指做某事有一定价值或意义。
worthy 形容词，与worth同义，但搭配不相同：be worthy of，be worthy to be done
worthwhile 形容词，用作表语或定语，指某事物是值得的，或某事是值得做的。
例句：There is nothing worthy of mention. 没有值得一提的事情。
It proved worthwhile to make the trip. 这次旅行证明是值得的。
14.evidence n.根据；证据
短语拓展：
in evidence显眼；显而易见
there is some /no evidence that…有些/没有……证据，证明……(此处的that引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容)
There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.
有许多证据证明在一定程度上压力是造成疾病的原因。
二．重点句型
1.Nor do I think ...
原句回放：Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也不认为他们应该把它交给政府。
点拨：该句中由于把否定词nor放于句首，所以使用了部分倒装语序。英语中当否定副词以及含有否定词的介词短语放于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。这样的副词及短语有never, seldom, neither, nor, little, not, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in no time, by no means, in no way等。
Never shall I make such a mistake. 我再也不会犯这种错误了。
Seldom does she go out alone. 她很少独自外出。
You haven’t finished your homework, neither have I. 你还没完成你的作业，我也是。
2.have sth. done 请人做某事/遭遇不幸
have sb. do 让人做某事
have sb./sth. doing 让某人/某物一直持续做某事，一段时间
3. There is no doubt that = Undoubtedly
4. It’s no wonder that… 难怪
例1. (2014安徽亳州月考) The little boy was the only one who ________the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.
A. experienced B. escaped C. survived D. suffered
解析?：本题考查动词辨析。句意：那个小男孩是那个村庄唯一一个从地震中生存下来的人，震后政府安排他去一所市里学校读书。experience经历；escape逃脱；survive活过，从……中生存下来；suffer遭受。故可知本题答案。
答案：C
例2. (2014江西赣州月考) In order to __________the financial storm, many families cut their daily expenses.
A. prevent B. survive C. quit D. keep
解析：survive sth.表示从什么事件或者事故中幸存，存活下来。quit是退出，放弃，辞职的意思。Prevent意为阻止；keep意为保持。这句话的意思是：家人缩减生活开支以期度过金融风暴。由语境可知本题答案。
答案为B
例3. (2014浙江温州月考) –Mary looks very upset. She __________failed to pass the exam.
-I guess so. It’s very difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：她看起来非常高兴。她肯定是通过了考试。——我猜是这样。这毕竟不太难。“should +have +done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做；“could +have+ done”表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；“must +have+ done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”；“might+ have +done”表示对过去已经发生的事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。结合语境可知上文为肯定推测由此可知本题答案。
答案：C
例4. (2014北师大附中月考) There was something wrong with the network, or the e-mail ____ earlier.
A. could have been sent B. might be sent
C. need have been sent D. must be sent
解析：由语境可知本句所表达的句意：网络有问题了，否则电子邮件可能早就被送到了。本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。could have done表示过去本该做某事却没有做符合本题语境。可知本题答案。
答案：A
例5. (2014江西赣州月考)The book, mainly _________use in college, is a best-seller this summer.
A. designed for B. designed to
C. designing for D. designing to
解析：句意为：这本书，主要是为大学生设计的，今年夏天畅销。本题考查非谓语动词和动词短语。此处“为…设计的”用短语be designed for此处用过去分词作后置定语来修饰书。由此可知本题答案。
答案：A
基础演练
一．将下列词组或短语译成中文或英文。
1. in search of ___________
2. belong to _____________
3. at war _______________
4. in return _____________
5. less than ______________
6. take part in____________
7. think highly of _______________
8. pay much attention to __________
9. rather than ______________
10. there is no doubt that_________
11.文化遗产 _______________
12. 调查 _______________
13. 充当；作……之用 _______________
14. 在某一点上达成协议 _______________
15. 认为……是……；把……看作…… _______________
Keys:
1. 搜查 2. 属于 3. 处于交战状态
4. 回报 5. 少于 6. 参加
7. 看重，器重 8. 非常注意 9. 而不是
10. 毫无疑问 11. cultural relics 12. look into
13. serve as 14. make an agreement 15. consider…as (to be)…
巩固提高
二．用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I won’t waste any more of your __________ (value) time.
2. It’s normal to experience __________ (culture) shock when you go abroad for the first time.
3. He is the only __________ (survive) of the accident.
4. That shop has a fine __________ (select) of cakes.
5. Our __________ (wood) sofa seems not very comfortable.
6. It was __________ (amaze) that he knew nothing about the event.
7. Two leaders __________ (secret) flew to that country to solve the problem.
8. It is __________ (doubt) whether he can carry on his tasks as president for the next five years.
9. The __________ (sail) are asked to take their positions by their captain.
10. Yesterday they were invited to a __________ (form) party.
Keys:
1. valuable 2. cultural 3. survivor 4. selection
5. wooden 6. amazing 7. secretly 8. doubtful
9. sailors 10. formal
一．根据提示完成句子。
1.他们成立了一个委员会来调查这一事件。(look into)
They set up a committee ___________________.
2.这门课程是为英语初学者设计的。
The course _____________English beginners. (design)
3.在教堂里你应该脱帽。
You should ___________________ in the church.
4.那本词典是图书馆的。(belong to)
That dictionary _____________.
5.我认为这部电影值得再看一次。(worth)
I think _______________________.
6.我也不知道他们能不能准时到。（wonder）
I wonder _________________.
7.这个想法很值得考虑(consider)
The idea ___________________
8.我惊奇的是，他在不到一个小时的时间里就完成了工作。(amaze)
______________ that he finished the work in less than an hour.
9.老板不看重他。
He was not _______________________________
10. 我送给他一份礼物以回报他对我的帮助。
I sent him a present ________________________
11. 他言行不一致。
His words _________________________________.
12.他们对你的工作能力评价很高。
They _______________ your work abilities.
Keys:
1. They set up a committee to look into the matter.
2. The course is designed for English beginners.
3. You should remove your hat in the church .
4. That dictionary belongs to the library.
5. I think the film is worth seeing again.
6. I wonder whether they can arrive on time.
7. The idea is well worth considering.
8. I was amazed that he finished the work in less than an hour.
9. He was not highly thought of by his boss.
10. I sent him a present in return for his help
11. His words do not agree with his actions.
12. They think highly of your work abilities.
二．单项选择。
1. The police________ him to see if he had a gun.
A. searched for B. searched C. in search of D. looked for
2. —We don’t know who stole the book. What’s you opinion?
—Jack is considered _______ it.
A. having done B. to have done C. doing D. to do
3. He was so nervous during the test. No ______ he didn’t pass the exam.
A. way B. surprise C. wonder D. matter
4. I’m sorry to have you _____ so long.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to be waiting
5. Let me try to _______ my ideas to you in another way.
A. recreate B. restore C. represent D. rebuild
6. It usually takes the runners a few minutes to ______ their breath after a long race.
A. hold B. lose C. keep D. get
7. The matter is _______ consideration and the result will come out tomorrow.
A. in B. on C. at D. under
8. The employee you had been thinking highly_______ dishonest.
A. of proving B. of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved.
9. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt
10.______ is known to all that the Amber Room belongs to the Russians.
A. As B. which C. It D. What
Keys:
1. B. 空格处需要填入谓语动词，排除C；根据句意，警察搜索他的目的是看他是否带枪了，用“search.....to do sth.”结构。
2. B. 答语中的consider 是“认为”的意思，所用句型为“be considered to do”。本题偷窃的行为已经发生，用“be considered to have done”结构。
3. C. 根据句意“他考试期间如此焦虑……他没有通过考试”，二者用no wonder连接使句子逻辑合理。
4. C. 本题考查“have sb. doing（让某人一直……）”结构。
5. C. 词义辨析题，根据句意，“让我用另一种方法给你描绘我的想法吧”。其他词义不合适。
6. D. 本题的四个选项都可以和breath构成固定搭配，但是根据语境只有D项get one’s breath(缓一口气)合适。
7. D. under consideration为固定搭配，意为“在考虑中”，符合题意。
8. B. 本题的选项应该分开理解“think highly of”为固定搭配，题中用的是被动形式。proved是整个句子的谓语。
9 . A. 本题考查倒装句。由于but后的句子由半否定副词seldom居于句首，用部分倒装形式，将助动词have提前。
10. C. 分析句子结构：that后引导的是完整的从句，不作动词或介词的宾语，应理解为主语从句后置，用it充当形式主语。
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单项选择
( )1. This book will _______ to the students of English.
A. be of great value B. be of great valuable
C. be great value D. be of very value
( )2. — The English exam is not difficult, is it?
—__. Even Tom ________ to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; who is belonging B. No; who is belonged
C. Yes; who belongs D. No; who is belonging
( )3. There is a front and a back entrance ___ the house.
A. to B. on C. of D. in
( )4. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to ___ him in his work.
A. hamper B. support C. assist D. encourage
( )5. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ___ will promote its economic development.
A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact
( )6. The painting of his has been ______ __by some experts.
A. high thought of B. well thought of
C. highly thought D. good thought
( )7. Mr. Zhang ____________ to be Chairman of the meeting.
A. selected B. has selected C. was selected D. selects
( )8. Mike ________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
A. can have found B. could have found
C. c an’t have found D. mustn’t have found
( )9. As is known to all, the financial crisis firstly broke out in the United States, which _______ the group of developed countries.
A. belonging to B. was belonging to
C. belongs to D. is belonged to
( )10. The little boy was the only one who ______ the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.
A. experienced B. escaped C. survived D. suffered
( )11. Teenagers shouldn’t be ________ from school although they don’t do well in studies.
A. disappeared B. gone C. removed D. beaten
( )12. Whether by accident or _______, he arrived too late to help us.
A. purpose B. aim C. design D. chance
( )13. We bought a large sofa, which could also ___________ a bed.
A. serve as B. serving as C. be served as D. served as
( )14. Our friends have done a lot for us, but we have done little ___________.
A. back B. in return C. pay back D. return
( )15. They went in different directions ______________ water in the desert.
A. to search B. in search of C. search of D. searching
( )16. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
( )17. I have no doubt __________ Lily will go to see Jay Chou’s live show, because she loves him so much.
A. if B. whether C. that D. about
( )18. Visitors were _____ at the _____scenery.
A. amazed; amazing B. amazed; amazed
C. amazing; amazing D. amazing; amazed
( )19. — Why do you look so upset?
—There are so many troublesome problems ___________.
A. remaining to settle B. remained settled
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled.
( )20. It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while
Keys:
1. A. 部分“be of +名词”相当于“be +形容词”的用法。
2. C. belong to是动词短语，并且不用 进行时态和被动语态。
3. A. ...entrance to... 去……的入口，为习惯搭配。
4. A. 本题考查词义辨析。hamper妨碍, 束缚, 限制；support支持；assist帮助；encourage鼓励。根据句意，二者都尽力“限制”他。
5. C. 本题要特别注意辨别：in turn 转而，反过来，依次；in return 作为回报。根据句意，in turn更为恰当。
6. B. think highly/ well of意为“对……评价很高”，变成被动形式即为B项。
7. C. 句意为“张先生被选为会议主席”，用被动形式。
8. C. 本题考查情态动词表示推测的用法，用can’t/ couldn’t have done形式。
9. C. 本题考查定语从句部分的谓语，从句的主语为the United States，看作单数；另外belong to没有被动形式。
10. C. 根据句意，空白处指在地震中“成功逃生”的人，用survive表达此意。
11. C. 根据句意，“青少年不应当被从学校中清除，尽管……”，remove表达此意。
12. C. 句意为“要么是无意，要么是有意，他到得太晚，没法给我们帮忙”。by design为“有意为之”的意思。
13. A. serve as意为“用作，充当”，不用于被动语态。
14. B. in return意为“回报”；C项意为“偿还”，D项意为“归还”，不符合句意。
15. B. 句意为“在沙漠中他们从不同方向去找水”。in search of 寻找，搜寻。
16. C. 本题用needn’t have done表示对所做事情的后悔，“本没必要……”。
17. C. 对确定的情况“没有怀疑”，应该用that引导从句陈述事实。
18. A. 根据句意，游客们“感到吃惊”用amazing；风景“令人吃惊”用amazing。
19. C. 空格部分应该是作problem的定语，remain不用被动形式作定语，remain to do 有待于；对于问题来说是“被解决”，用remain to be done。
20. C. 根据句意，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。
二．完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
You and I have principles(原则). And we also have opinions. I have __1__ about what I think is right or wrong or good or __2__. But they are only opinions—I could be wrong! I __3__ try to build my life around my opinions, but I will try to __4__ my principles.
A 15?year?old boy learned a(n) __5__ lesson about life principles. On his way home he found a woman's __6__ that contained $127 as well as her ID card. __7__ hesitation, he hopped(快速跳) onto his bike and went over to her __8__—about a mile away. He told her he __9__ her wallet and she gave him a big hug and twenty dollars.
That evening the boy told his parents about the event and his father said, “I don't think you should have __10__ $20 for doing what you should have done. A person shouldn't be __11__ for being honest.”
He thought about his father's __12__ and decided he would return the money. He biked to the lady's home and __13__ her back the twenty dollars. She didn't want to take it, but he told her she __14__ to...that his father pointed out __15__ to him that he had never __16__ before.
When principles __17__ our every action and decision, we actually change. These great principles __18__ our lives and make us into persons of character. That boy is __19__ to be raised by a wise father who had the __40__ to say, “Those are my principles.”
( )1. A. opinions B. wishes C. .decisions D. suggestions
( )2. A. well B. mistaken C. right D. bad
( )3. A. shan’t B. won't C. can’t D. don't
( )4. A. change B. advise C. follow D. make
( )5. A. valuable B. easy C. difficult D. funny
( )6. A. bag B. wallet C. suitcase D. box
( )7. A. About B. For C. Without D. In
( )8. A. factory B. school C. office D. house
( )9. A. checked B. searched C. threw D. found
( )10. A. accepted B. supplied C. received D. borrowed
( )11. A. rewarded B. praised C. forgotten D. blamed
( )12. A. actions B. worries C. words D. excuses
( )13. A. took B. gave C. put D. set
( )14. A. attempted B. preferred C. planned D. had
( )15. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
( )16. A. guessed B. taught C. met D. realized
( )17. A. guide B. do C. interrupt D. allow
( )18. A. limit B. shape C . prevent D. keep
( )19. A. unlucky B. careful C. brave D. lucky
( )20. A. right B. courage C. wisdom D. chance
Keys: 语篇解读：本文讲述了一个男孩捡到钱包后，在还给失主时接受了失主给的报酬。他的父亲知道这件事后告诉男孩人不应该因诚实而受到奖励。男孩遵从父亲的建议归还失主给的奖励。由这件事给作者的感受就是我们必须遵循原则，因为这些原则塑造了我们的生活和性格。
1.解析：根据上一句中的opinions可知，这里也用相同的词，指作者自己的观点。答案：A
2. 解析：根据前面“right or wrong”可知应用反义词，good的反义词是bad。答案：D
3. 解析：根据句意可知，上下句中存在转折关系。答案：B
4. 解析：但作者将会尝试按照他的原则。follow“跟随遵循”。答案：C
5. 解析：结合下文可知此处说的是一个15岁的男孩学到了关于生活的原则的宝贵一课。答案：A
6. 解析：结合下文中的“her wallet”，可知小男孩捡到了个钱包，里面有127美元以及身份证。答案：B
7. 解析：由下文可知，without“没有”。答案：C
8. 解析：根据下文中的“He biked to the lady's home”可知，男孩骑上自行车来到了失主的家。答案：D
9. 解析：句意：他告诉她，他找到了她的钱包，她给了他一个大大的拥抱和20美元。答案：D
10. 解析：句意： 我不认为你应该接受20美元的报酬。receive指“收到”，着重行为本身，而不涉及接受者是否接受，accept指“领受”，“接受”，着重除行为本身以外，还表示接受者经过考虑以后愿意接受。答案：A
11. 解析：句意：一个人不应该因诚实而受到奖励。be rewarded for“因…… 而得到报酬”。答案：A
12. 解析：他考虑了他父亲的话(words)后决定归还钱。答案：C
13. 解析：句意：他骑车来到女人的家中，并归还二十美元。give back“归还”。答案：B
14. 解析：强调小孩的坚持，失主必须把作为酬金的20美元收回。have to“不得不，必须”。答案：D
15. 解析：anything“任何事”；everything“每件事”；something“某些事”；nothing“没有事”。他的父亲给他指出了以前他从来没有意识到的一些东西。答案：C
16. 解析：句意：她不想收回，但男孩告诉她必须收回——他的父亲给他指出了以前他从来没有意识到的一些东西。答案：D
17. 解析：句意：当原则引导(guide)我们的决定和行为时，实际上我们就改变了。答案：A
18. 解析：根据句意可知，shape“使 形成”。这些伟大的原则塑造我们的生活和性格。答案：B
19.解析：有人给予指导，男孩是很幸运的。答案：D
20.解析：结合全文可知，男孩的父亲是有智慧的。答案：C
Unit1 Cultural relics-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法与区别。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
什么是限制性定语从句？
?Anyone should be punished.
Anyone who breaks the rules should be punished.
也就是说，如果一个句子去掉定语从句后，主句的意思不是所要表明的意思，那么这个定语从句就是限制性定语从句。
什么是非限制性定语从句？
就是不用限制先行词的定语从句。译成汉语时，主句和从句可以分别翻译，互不影响。最大的特点就是先行词后面有逗号隔开。
?She is good at speaking French, which she lea rned at school.
?This book was written by Jack, who was here a moment ago.
?I have some friends, some of whom are teachers.
限制性定语从句的连接词可以用who, whom或whose, which。不用that，也不能省略。
?She had eight children, three of whom became soldiers.
?Their teacher is a Japanese, whose wife is a Chinese.
?My sister, who is a nurse, got married last month.
?China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
非限制性定语从句还可以用when或where引导。
?She is going to Shanghai, where she was born.
?We will go hom e next week, when we won’t be so busy.a
?除了前面提到的那些连接词以外，在下面两种情况下还可以用as作为定语从句的连接词。
1. 当先行词在从句中做主语或者宾语的时候，同时先行词又被same、so或者such修饰的时候。
?非限制性定语从句除了可以修饰词以外, 还可以修饰前面整个句子。
?They invited me to their party, which is very kind of them.
?I was late for school again, which made my teacher very angry .
?A student killed his English teacher, which frightened me very much.
?Such people as you said are not good.
?Let’s discuss only such questions as are interesting to all of us.
?I have the same trouble as you have.
?I feel just the same as you do.
?He is so good a teacher as I like very much.
?Those are so difficult the questions as he asked.
2. 在非限定性定语从句中，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。
?As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
?Smoking is harmful to one’s health, which is known to all.
二．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：
所谓限制性定语从句，是指定语从句部分对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系副词when, where, why等，没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?
你认识那个正在会上讲话的教授吗？
Where is the book which I bought this morning?
我今天上午买的书在哪儿呢？
此外，还有一类非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that引导。
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.
这些信来自他的父母，他们在西藏工作。
English is an important subject, which every student should study well.
英语是一门重要的科目，每个学生都应该学好。
This is our headmaster, who I think has something to tell you. 这是我们校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。(校长只有一位)
限定性：对先行词起修饰限制作用
非限定性：对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句有逗号隔开.
1. 从形式上看
限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间必须用逗号隔开。
Mr. Smith，who came to see me yesterday，is one of my best friends.
昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。(非限制性定语从句)
This is the teacher who has taught for 30 years.
这就是那位有30年教龄的老师，你想见的那个人。(限制性定语从句)
2.从意义上讲
限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，具有限制作用，两者关系紧凑，如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性往往句意不明，有时甚至于引起费解、误解；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，不起限制作用两者关系不那么紧密，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍然完整；
Her sister who teaches us English will go abroad next year.
她教我们英语的姐姐明年将出国。(限制性定语从句，意思是她可能还有别的姐姐。)
Her sister, who teaches us English, will go abroad next year.
她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词her sister起到补充说明的作用，言外之意：她只有一个姐姐。)
The old man has a son, who is in the army.
那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。 （非限定性定语从句是对son进行补充、说明。“这位老人只有一个儿子”）
The old man has a son who is in the army.
“那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。”限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。（“这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作”，也就是说可能老人还有其他的儿子在干别的工作。
3. 从翻译方法来看
一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。
This is the house which we bought last year. 这是我们去年买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice．
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
The teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。（限制性）
Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。(非限制性)
This notebook was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
这个笔记本是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。
4. 先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的关系代词which既可以指代前面 的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。指代前面整句的含义时，定语从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我看过的最好的小说。(先行词是novel)
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.
这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。(先行词为novel)
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.
这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”)
She heard the terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. (which指代noise)
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。 (Which指代句子“他似乎没领会我的意思”。)
注意：当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时时，用非限制性定语从句；
The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, goes around the earth.
月球绕着地球转，它离地球384,000千米远
Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.
昨天他离开了美国，在那儿他待了两年。
5. 从关系词的使用来看:
that, why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，that改用which；why改用for which。
在限制性定语从句中，用关系代词指物which, that；指人who, whom, that; whose既可用来指人也可用来指物。
We don’t know the number of people who lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
我们不知道在1906年地震中失去家园的人们的数量。
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人时用who, whom；指物时用which; whose既可用来指人也可用来指物。
John Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.约翰﹒史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
My elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be.我姐姐成了一名医生，我原来也想当医生的。
That is his room，whose window faces south.那是他的房间，房间的窗户朝南。
总结1：引导限制性定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why；引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when, where。当先行词指时间并且在定语从句中充当状语时用when；指地点并且在定语从句中充当状语时用where。
He will have to wait until next month, when everything has been ready.
他不得不等到下个月，那时一切都准备好了。
Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday?你能告诉我他昨天缺席的原因吗？
He was hurt in the accident yesterday, for which he stayed in the hospital for several hours.
他昨天在事故中受伤，为此他在医院中待了好几个小时。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.
卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里
总结2：在限制性定语从句中：whom作宾语时可用who替代；在非限制性定语从句：whom作宾语时不能用who代替。
This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre. 这是我在剧院遇到的那个男孩。
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to marry.这个年轻人有一个女朋友，他想娶她。
总结3：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可省略（介词后不可）；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词不可省略.
I passed him a large glas s of whisky, which he drank immediately.
我递给他一大杯威士忌，他立即喝下了。（which在从句中作宾语，不能省略）
He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything (that) he saw on the way to the Paris.
他给我写了一封信，告诉我去巴黎的途中看到的每一件事。（that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。）
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
1.as可引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，有“正如，就像”之意。as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前，之中或之后，位置灵活。
“我们都知道，吸烟有害健康”这句话可译成：
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.
Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.
2.非限制性定语从句中as 和which的选择：都可以指代整个句子的内容，非限定语从句位于句末且as 或which作主语、宾语或表语时，常可互换。
He married her, as /which was natural. 他娶了她，这是很自然的事。
He is a kind fisherman, as /which anybody can see. 他是一个善良的渔民，这大家都清楚。
The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。(指代逗号之前的整个句子)
如非限定语从句位于主句之前，只能用as。
As we expected, he passed the exam. 正如我们预料的，他通过了考试。
3.as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的不受此限制。
Chang’e-1 has been launched successfully, as was expected.嫦娥一号成功发射，这正是我们期待的。
The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected.实验结果非常好，这点出乎我们预料。
as常用在一些固定结构中：
as we know/ as is known to all/ as we all can see 众所周知
as is often the case 情况常常是这样 as might be imagined 可以想象得到
as might be expected 正如所预料的那样 as has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样
as has been said before/above 正如前文所述 as often happens 像往常一样
当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
Such books as you tell me are interesting. 你给我说的这些书很有趣。
I have the same plan as you. 我有和你一样的计划。
4.当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身（一个先行词）而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。
The house, which they built 2 years ago, fell down in the earthquake.
这所房子他们建于两年前，在地真正倒塌了。
My friend showed me round the town，which was very kind of him.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]
我的朋友真不错，他带我绕城转了一圈。
注意：
在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时，用“who” 代替 “that”。
任何犯法的人都要受到惩罚。
Anyone who breaks the law is punished.
Those who break the law are punished.
He who breaks the law is punished.
time 作“次数”讲时用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若that作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during which引导定语从句。
This is the second time that/（省略）the President has visited the country.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家。
That was at a time when/ during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
那是一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。
定语从句解题思路：
1. 通读全句，首先判断是什么句型。
2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。
3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词。
4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。
例1. (2015高三海淀区一模) Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb. 28, _______ emperors once lived.
A. which B. whose C. where D. when
例2. (2015高三西城一模) Jack will hold a meeting __________people can voice their opinion on today’s global economy.
A. which B. when C. where D. whose
例3. (2015海淀区高一上学期期末) Three scientists ________discovered how the brain knows the body location won the Nobel Prize.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. who
例4. (2015东城区高一上学期期末) David is a friend _______you can trust all your life.
A. who B. which C. whose D. when
例5. (2014海淀区高一下期中试卷) The App WeChat provides a networking platform ______ communication is faster and easier.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
基础演练
一．将下列两个简单句合并成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。
1. I am reading Harry Porter. It is an interesting book. →
____________________________________________
2. He failed in the exam. It made his parents very angry. →
____________________________________________
3. He has two sons. Both of them are doctors. →
____________________________________________
4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase.
The price of it was very reasonable. →
__________________ __________________________
5. Last week, two persons came to see the house.
Neither of them wanted to buy it.→
____________________________________________
6. I have lost the pen.
My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday. →
____________________________________________
7. Do you see the house? The windows of it face south.→
____________________________________________
8. He must be from Africa. It can be seen from his skin.→
____________________________________________
9. The book is worth reading. He paid 6 yuan for it. →
____________________________________________
10. She is a teacher of much knowledge.
Much can be learned from her. →
____________________________________________
巩固提高
二．单项选择。
1. Attention! Our bus is approaching Cambridge，________we’ll be stopping to eat.
A. when B. which C. as D. where
2. People who seldom do sports or _______diet is high in fat will put off Weight quickly.
A. who B. whose C. which D. what
3. The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
4. Could it be in the restaurant in _________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you left behind your keys and wallet?
A. which; which B. which; that C. that; where D. where; where
5. Part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，________ effects the people are still suffering from.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
6. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things，________ is often the case in other countries.
A. what B. as C. so D. that
7. Soon children in the camp h ad many new friends, ______ they shared food, stories and projects.
A. for which B. with whom C. of which D. to whom
8. The Great Wall is the place ______ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.
A. why B. which C. when D. where
9. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___________his argument.
A. which to be based on B. on which to base C. which to be based D. which to base
10. About 1.62 million Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2009, ______ only 497,400 have come back.
A. who B. among whom C. among which D. in whom
一．单项选择。
( )1. I prefer a company ________ people have to work as a team, instead of fighting against each other.
A. where B. that C. as D. when
( )2. —Is this the house_______ you often talk about?
—Yes, just the one _______ you know I used to live for more than 15 years.
A. that; where B. which; that C. where; which D. where; that
( )3. As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen _______ we have to hire graduating college students for help.
A. that B. when C. where D. as
( )4. Do you have enough money _______ to buy that fashionable dress?
A. for which ? B. which uses C. with which ? D. which?
( )5. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as B. which C. when D. though
( )6. Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re going to visit.
A. which B. where C. that D. in which
( )7. Could it be in the restaurant in _________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you left behind your keys and wallet?
A. which；which B. which；that C. that；where D. where；where
( )8. The old lady, all of ______ children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.
A. her B. whom C. whose D. which
( )9. Let me think of a proper situation _______ this sentence can be used.
A. where B. that C. of whom D. which
( )10. There are three libraries in our school, _______ were built five years ago.
A. al l of them B. either of them C. all of which D. both of that
( )11. They’ve won their last three matches，________I find a bit surprising actually.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
( )12. China’s new food law provides for a food recall system ________ producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
二．定语从句改错
1. Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.
2. Which is known to all, he is the best student.
3. It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.
4. Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us.
5. He will come to see me next July, which he won’t be so busy.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一．翻译句子
1. 他经常迟到，这让他的老师很生气。
__________________________________________________________________
2. 书架上总共有11本书，其中5本书是我的。
_________________________________________________________________
3. 约翰说他一直在办公室工作，这是真的。
_________________________________________________________________
4. 众所周知，马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
_________________________________________________________________
5. 他的拐杖昨天丢了，没有了拐杖他就不能走路。
_________________________________________________________________
6. 自然而然地，他娶了Jenny。
_________________________________________________________________
7. 我们在实验中用的这些记号是希腊字母。
_________________________________________________________________
8. 我递给他一杯威士忌，他立即喝了。
_________________________________________________________________
二．阅读理解。
Teenagers have been warned they are becoming unemployable because they use a vocabulary of just 800 words.
The limited linguistic range (语言范围)is also made up of much “teenspeak” which has developed through modern communication methods such as text messaging and social networking sites.
Today Jean Gross, who advises the Government on children's speech, said immediate action should be taken to prevent children failing to find jobs because they are unable to communicate.
Mrs. Goss, who last week gave out a warning over the effect of television on children's development said yesterday,“Teenagers are spending more time communicating through electronic media and text messaging, which is short and brief”.
“We need to help today's teenagers understand the difference between their textspeak and the formal language they need to succeed in life—800 words will not get you a job.”
The majority of teenagers should have developed a large vocabulary of 40,000 words by the time they reach 16.
Mrs. Gross said her worries were increased by research by Tony McEnery, a professor of linguistics at Lancaster University who studied 10 million words of recorded speech and 100,000 words gathered from teenagers’ blogs.
He found that the top 20 words used by teenagers, including “yeah”, “no” and “but”, make up about a third of all words used.
Mr. Gross plans to start a movement next year and aiming at primary and secondary schools.
She said, “I want teenagers going into workplaces and making videos of how people communicate and then putting them on YouTube for others to study.” She also wants parents to limit children under the age of two to half an hour of television a day, because she says that it crowds out conversation.
( )1.Why?can?‘teenspeak’?nowadays?come?into?being??
A. Teenagers?learn?that?from?school?and?TV?programs.?
B. Teenagers?depend?on?too?much?electronic?communication?ways.
C. Clever?teenagers?invented?to?win?a?prize?in?a?contest?in?America.?
D. Foolish?teenagers?can?use?it?to?save?time?while?chatting?online.?
( )2.What?may?make?it?difficult?for?children?to?find?a?job??
A. The?poor?ability?of?communication?with?few?words.?
B. The?low?degree?without?coming?into?a?university.?
C. The?high?conditions?they?hope?to?get?from?bosses.?
D. The?bad?conditions?in?most?companies.?
( )3.What?does?Mrs.?Goss?warn?children?not?to?do??
A. Surf?to?make?friends?with?strangers?online.? B. Find?a?job?as?young?as?possible.
?C. Use?their?cell-phones?at?school.? D. Spend?too?much?time?watching?TV.?
( )4.The?passage?is?to?tell?us?teenagers?who?have?limited?vocabulary________.?
A. are?easily?cheated?by?strangers? B. have?fewer?friends?in?their?life?
C. have?more?chances?to?lose?a?job? D. are?finding?it?hard?to?have?a?job?
三．书面表达。
假设你是红星中学高一(1)班学生李华。上周五，你校组织高一年级学生去北京生存岛基地春游。请你根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，用英语为校刊写一篇短文，记下这次春游的全过程。
注意：1. 开头已给出。
2. 词数不少于60。
3. 提示词：北京生存岛基地Beijing Survival Island猴架Monkey Mars
Last Friday, we went to Beijing Survival Island to go spring outing.____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit1 Cultural relics-语法篇
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通过本节课的学习掌握限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法与区别。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
什么是限制性定语从句？
?Anyone should be punished.
Anyone who breaks the rules should be punished.
也就是说，如果一个句子去掉定语从句后，主句的意思不是所要表明的意思，那么这个定语从句就是限制性定语从句。
什么是非限制性定语从句？
就是不用限制先行词的定语从句。译成汉语时，主句和从句可以分别翻译，互不影响。最大的特点就是先行词后面有逗号隔开。
?She is good at speaking French, which she lea rned at school.
?This book was written by Jack, who was here a moment ago.
?I have some friends, some of whom are teachers.
限制性定语从句的连接词可以用who, whom或whose, which。不用that，也不能省略。
?She had eight children, three of whom became soldiers.
?Their teacher is a Japanese, whose wife is a Chinese.
?My sister, who is a nurse, got married last month.
?China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
非限制性定语从句还可以用when或where引导。
?She is going to Shanghai, where she was born.
?We will go hom e next week, when we won’t be so busy.a
?除了前面提到的那些连接词以外，在下面两种情况下还可以用as作为定语从句的连接词。
1. 当先行词在从句中做主语或者宾语的时候，同时先行词又被same、so或者such修饰的时候。
?非限制性定语从句除了可以修饰词以外, 还可以修饰前面整个句子。
?They invited me to their party, which is very kind of them.
?I was late for school again, which made my teacher very angry .
?A student killed his English teacher, which frightened me very much.
?Such people as you said are not good.
?Let’s discuss only such questions as are interesting to all of us.
?I have the same trouble as you have.
?I feel just the same as you do.
?He is so good a teacher as I like very much.
?Those are so difficult the questions as he asked.
2. 在非限定性定语从句中，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。
?As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
?Smoking is harmful to one’s health, which is known to all.
二．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：
所谓限制性定语从句，是指定语从句部分对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系副词when, where, why等，没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?
你认识那个正在会上讲话的教授吗？
Where is the book which I bought this morning?
我今天上午买的书在哪儿呢？
此外，还有一类非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that引导。
This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.
这些信来自他的父母，他们在西藏工作。
English is an important subject, which every student should study well.
英语是一门重要的科目，每个学生都应该学好。
This is our headmaster, who I think has something to tell you. 这是我们校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。(校长只有一位)
限定性：对先行词起修饰限制作用
非限定性：对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句有逗号隔开.
1. 从形式上看
限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间必须用逗号隔开。
Mr. Smith，who came to see me yesterday，is one of my best friends.
昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。(非限制性定语从句)
This is the teacher who has taught for 30 years.
这就是那位有30年教龄的老师，你想见的那个人。(限制性定语从句)
2.从意义上讲
限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，具有限制作用，两者关系紧凑，如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性往往句意不明，有时甚至于引起费解、误解；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，不起限制作用两者关系不那么紧密，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍然完整；
Her sister who teaches us English will go abroad next year.
她教我们英语的姐姐明年将出国。(限制性定语从句，意思是她可能还有别的姐姐。)
Her sister, who teaches us English, will go abroad next year.
她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词her sister起到补充说明的作用，言外之意：她只有一个姐姐。)
The old man has a son, who is in the army.
那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。 （非限定性定语从句是对son进行补充、说明。“这位老人只有一个儿子”）
The old man has a son who is in the army.
“那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。”限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。（“这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作”，也就是说可能老人还有其他的儿子在干别的工作。
3. 从翻译方法来看
一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。
This is the house which we bought last year. 这是我们去年买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice．
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
The teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。（限制性）
Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。(非限制性)
This notebook was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
这个笔记本是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。
4. 先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的关系代词which既可以指代前面 的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。指代前面整句的含义时，定语从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我看过的最好的小说。(先行词是novel)
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.
这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。(先行词为novel)
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad.
这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”)
She heard the terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. (which指代noise)
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。 (Which指代句子“他似乎没领会我的意思”。)
注意：当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时时，用非限制性定语从句；
The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, goes around the earth.
月球绕着地球转，它离地球384,000千米远
Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.
昨天他离开了美国，在那儿他待了两年。
5. 从关系词的使用来看:
that, why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，that改用which；why改用for which。
在限制性定语从句中，用关系代词指物which, that；指人who, whom, that; whose既可用来指人也可用来指物。
We don’t know the number of people who lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
我们不知道在1906年地震中失去家园的人们的数量。
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人时用who, whom；指物时用which; whose既可用来指人也可用来指物。
John Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.约翰﹒史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
My elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be.我姐姐成了一名医生，我原来也想当医生的。
That is his room，whose window faces south.那是他的房间，房间的窗户朝南。
总结1：引导限制性定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why；引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when, where。当先行词指时间并且在定语从句中充当状语时用when；指地点并且在定语从句中充当状语时用where。
He will have to wait until next month, when everything has been ready.
他不得不等到下个月，那时一切都准备好了。
Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday?你能告诉我他昨天缺席的原因吗？
He was hurt in the accident yesterday, for which he stayed in the hospital for several hours.
他昨天在事故中受伤，为此他在医院中待了好几个小时。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.
卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里
总结2：在限制性定语从句中：whom作宾语时可用who替代；在非限制性定语从句：whom作宾语时不能用who代替。
This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre. 这是我在剧院遇到的那个男孩。
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to marry.这个年轻人有一个女朋友，他想娶她。
总结3：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可省略（介词后不可）；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词不可省略.
I passed him a large glas s of whisky, which he drank immediately.
我递给他一大杯威士忌，他立即喝下了。（which在从句中作宾语，不能省略）
He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything (that) he saw on the way to the Paris.
他给我写了一封信，告诉我去巴黎的途中看到的每一件事。（that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。）
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
1.as可引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，有“正如，就像”之意。as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前，之中或之后，位置灵活。
“我们都知道，吸烟有害健康”这句话可译成：
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.
Smoking is harmful to our health, as is known to us all.
2.非限制性定语从句中as 和which的选择：都可以指代整个句子的内容，非限定语从句位于句末且as 或which作主语、宾语或表语时，常可互换。
He married her, as /which was natural. 他娶了她，这是很自然的事。
He is a kind fisherman, as /which anybody can see. 他是一个善良的渔民，这大家都清楚。
The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。(指代逗号之前的整个句子)
如非限定语从句位于主句之前，只能用as。
As we expected, he passed the exam. 正如我们预料的，他通过了考试。
3.as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的不受此限制。
Chang’e-1 has been launched successfully, as was expected.嫦娥一号成功发射，这正是我们期待的。
The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected.实验结果非常好，这点出乎我们预料。
as常用在一些固定结构中：
as we know/ as is known to all/ as we all can see 众所周知
as is often the case 情况常常是这样 as might be imagined 可以想象得到
as might be expected 正如所预料的那样 as has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样
as has been said before/above 正如前文所述 as often happens 像往常一样
当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
Such books as you tell me are interesting. 你给我说的这些书很有趣。
I have the same plan as you. 我有和你一样的计划。
4.当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身（一个先行词）而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。
The house, which they built 2 years ago, fell down in the earthquake.
这所房子他们建于两年前，在地真正倒塌了。
My friend showed me round the town，which was very kind of him.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]
我的朋友真不错，他带我绕城转了一圈。
注意：
在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时，用“who” 代替 “that”。
任何犯法的人都要受到惩罚。
Anyone who breaks the law is punished.
Those who break the law are punished.
He who breaks the law is punished.
time 作“次数”讲时用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若that作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during which引导定语从句。
This is the second time that/（省略）the President has visited the country.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家。
That was at a time when/ during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
那是一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。
定语从句解题思路：
1. 通读全句，首先判断是什么句型。
2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。
3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词。
4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。
例1. (2015高三海淀区一模) Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb. 28, _______ emperors once lived.
A. which B. whose C. where D. when
解析?：本题考查非限制性定语从句中引导词的。经分析可知横线后的句子是对Forbidden City进行修饰限定，可知横线处是一非限制性定语从句。定语从句中缺少地点状语，先行词在句中充当地点状语。所以要用where来引导。
答案：C
例2. (2015高三西城一模) Jack will hold a meeting __________people can voice their opinion on today’s global economy.
A. which B. when C. where D. whose
解析：横线前的句子成分完成，横线后句子是对meeting进行修饰限定，所以可知横线后句子是个定语从句，先行词在横线后句子中充当地点状语的成分，所以要用地点副词where引导。
答案为C
例3. (2015海淀区高一上学期期末) Three scientists ________discovered how the brain knows the body location won the Nobel Prize.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. who
解析：经分析可知横线后句子是对 “Three scientists”进行的修饰限定，且先行词在句子中充当主语成分，先行词为“人”所以要用引导词who来引导。由此可知本题答案。
答案：D
例4. (2015东城区高一上学期期末) David is a friend _______you can trust all your life.
A. who B. which C. whose D. when
解析：经分析可知横线后句子是对 “a friend ”进行的修饰限定，且先行词在句子中充当trust的宾语，先行词为“人”所以要用引导词who来引导。由此可知本题答案。
答案：A
例5. (2014海淀区高一下期中试卷) The App WeChat provides a networking platform ______ communication is faster and easier.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
解析：经分析可知横线后句子是对 “a networking platform ”进行的修饰限定，且先行词在句子中充当地点状语，所以要用引导词where来引导。由此可知本题答案。
答案：B
基础演练
一．将下列两个简单句合并成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。
1. I am reading Harry Porter. It is an interesting book. →
____________________________________________
2. He failed in the exam. It made his parents very angry. →
____________________________________________
3. He has two sons. Both of them are doctors. →
____________________________________________
4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase.
The price of it was very reasonable. →
__________________ __________________________
5. Last week, two persons came to see the house.
Neither of them wanted to buy it.→
____________________________________________
6. I have lost the pen.
My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday. →
____________________________________________
7. Do you see the house? The windows of it face south.→
____________________________________________
8. He must be from Africa. It can be seen from his skin.→
____________________________________________
9. The book is worth reading. He paid 6 yuan for it. →
____________________________________________
10. She is a teacher of much knowledge.
Much can be learned from her. →
____________________________________________
Keys:
1. I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.
2. He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry.
3. He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.
4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
5. Last week, two persons came to see the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.
6. I have lost the pen, which my father bought for my sixteenth birthday.
7. Do you see the house, the windows of which face south?
8. He must be from Africa, which can be seen from his skin.
9. The book, for which he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.
10. She is a teacher of much knowledge, from whom much can be learned.
巩固提高
二．单项选择。
1. Attention! Our bus is approaching Cambridge，________we’ll be stopping to eat.
A. when B. which C. as D. where
2. People who seldom do sports or _______diet is high in fat will put off Weight quickly.
A. who B. whose C. which D. what
3. The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
4. Could it be in the restaurant in _________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you left behind your keys and wallet?
A. which; which B. which; that C. that; where D. where; where
5. Part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，________ effects the people are still suffering from.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
6. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things，________ is often the case in other countries.
A. what B. as C. so D. that
7. Soon children in the camp h ad many new friends, ______ they shared food, stories and projects.
A. for which B. with whom C. of which D. to whom
8. The Great Wall is the place ______ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.
A. why B. which C. when D. where
9. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___________his argument.
A. which to be based on B. on which to base C. which to be based D. which to base
10. About 1.62 million Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2009, ______ only 497,400 have come back.
A. who B. among whom C. among which D. in whom
Keys:
1. D 本句中的先行词是Cambridge，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应该用关系副词where。
2. B 语意：很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的人体重会增加很快。whose diet is high in fat是定语从句，修饰先行词People，且whose在从句中作定语。
3. D 由句子题干中主句谓语的动词时态为现在完成时可知关系词代替先行词，1978在定语从句中与Since连用，作状语。
4. B 考查复合句。restaurant后面是定语从句，介词in后面应该使用which引导定语从句，不能使用that；从句子意义和结构上可以判断第二空属于强调结构，选用that。
5. B effects与先行词floods之间是所属关系，所以用whose引导定语从句。
6. B as引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面一句话，句意为：这在其他国家是常有的事。
7. B 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。分析句子成分可知此处先行词为 friends，从句中有短语 share sth. with sb.，故此处用 “with＋whom” 引导非限制性定语从句。
8. B 分析句子结构可知，“____ almost all tourist s would like to visit” 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the place，关系代词在从句中 充当 visit 的宾语，因此选B。
9. B 短语base…on…使用时要分清各自的宾语，本句中base的宾语是his argument，on的宾语是sufficient grounds，所以选择on which to base.
10. B 考查定语从句。句意：在1978年到2009年期间，大约有162万中国学生出国学习，期中回国的只有497400人。后面部分为非限制定语从句，修饰先行词students，由句意可知应该选用介词among。
一．单项选择。
( )1. I prefer a company ________ people have to work as a team, instead of fighting against each other.
A. where B. that C. as D. when
( )2. —Is this the house_______ you often talk about?
—Yes, just the one _______ you know I used to live for more than 15 years.
A. that; where B. which; that C. where; which D. where; that
( )3. As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen _______ we have to hire graduating college students for help.
A. that B. when C. where D. as
( )4. Do you have enough money _______ to buy that fashionable dress?
A. for which ? B. which uses C. with which ? D. which?
( )5. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as B. which C. when D. though
( )6. Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re going to visit.
A. which B. where C. that D. in which
( )7. Could it be in the restaurant in _________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you left behind your keys and wallet?
A. which；which B. which；that C. that；where D. where；where
( )8. The old lady, all of ______ children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.
A. her B. whom C. whose D. which
( )9. Let me think of a proper situation _______ this sentence can be used.
A. where B. that C. of whom D. which
( )10. There are three libraries in our school, _______ were built five years ago.
A. al l of them B. either of them C. all of which D. both of that
( )11. They’ve won their last three matches，________I find a bit surprising actually.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
( )12. China’s new food law provides for a food recall system ________ producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
Keys:
1. A where是关系副词，在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词company，并且在从句中作状语。
2. A 考查定语从句。第一空后面about缺少宾语, 故用that或which引导定语从句；第二空不缺成分, you know为插入语, 故用where引导定语从句修饰the one。
3. C 把从句补充完整为：we have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation. 关系词在从句中作状语，选择关系副词where。
4. C 本题属于“介词+关系代词which+不定式”作后置定语的用法,用钱买,当然用with,故C。相当于一个定语从句,Do you have enough money with which you can buy that fashionable dress?
5. A 此题容易误选B项，误以为只有which能引导定语从句代表前面整个句子。但是which不能翻译为“正如”， CD项均 不符合语境。
6. C 考生容易误选A项，原因是忽视了先行词前面的最高级。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰的时候，定语从句用that引导。
7. B 考查复合句。restaurant后面是定语从句，介词in后面应该使用which引导定语从句，不能使用that；从句子意义和结构上可知第二空是属于强调结构， 因此使用that。
8. C 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：那位所有的孩子都在地震中丧生的老太太得到了当地政府的帮助。本句中的 “all of ______ children had been killed in the earthquake” 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The old lady, whose 在从句中作定语。
9. A 先行词是situation, case, scene...时，一般用where，最佳选择则是in which。
10.C 根据题干中的“three libraries”，排除B，D项；又因为本题的题干是非限制性定语从句，不能使用them代替先行词，排除A项。
11. D 句意：他们已经赢得了最后三场比赛，我发现这确实有点令人惊讶。先行词是前面整个句子，which引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作find的宾语。
12. A句意：中国新的食品法规定了食品召回制度，即如果食品达不到标准，生产者就必须停止生产。先行词为a food recall system，定语从句为producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards (in the food recall system)，先行词在句中充当地点状语所以要用where来引导。
二．定语从句改错
1. Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.
2. Which is known to all, he is the best student.
3. It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.
4. Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us.
5. He will come to see me next July, which he won’t be so busy.
Keys:
1. it改为which 2. which改为 as 3. that 改为as
4. that 改为which 5. which改为when
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一．翻译句子
1. 他经常迟到，这让他的老师很生气。
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2. 书架上总共有11本书，其中5本书是我的。
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3. 约翰说他一直在办公室工作，这是真的。
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4. 众所周知，马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
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5. 他的拐杖昨天丢了，没有了拐杖他就不能走路。
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6. 自然而然地，他娶了Jenny。
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7. 我们在实验中用的这些记号是希腊字母。
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8. 我递给他一杯威士忌，他立即喝了。
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Keys:
1. He was often late for school, which makes his teacher very angry.
2. There are eleven books in all on the shelf, five of which are mine.
3. John said he had been working in the office, which was true.
4. As is known to us all, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
5. His walking stick was lost yesterday, without which he can’t walk.
6. As was natural, he married Jenny.
7. Such signs as we use in the experiment are Greek letters.
8. I passed him a large glass of whisky, which he drank immediately.
二．阅读理解。
Teenagers have been warned they are becoming unemployable because they use a vocabulary of just 800 words.
The limited linguistic range (语言范围)is also made up of much “teenspeak” which has developed through modern communication methods such as text messaging and social networking sites.
Today Jean Gross, who advises the Government on children's speech, said immediate action should be taken to prevent children failing to find jobs because they are unable to communicate.
Mrs. Goss, who last week gave out a warning over the effect of television on children's development said yesterday,“Teenagers are spending more time communicating through electronic media and text messaging, which is short and brief”.
“We need to help today's teenagers understand the difference between their textspeak and the formal language they need to succeed in life—800 words will not get you a job.”
The majority of teenagers should have developed a large vocabulary of 40,000 words by the time they reach 16.
Mrs. Gross said her worries were increased by research by Tony McEnery, a professor of linguistics at Lancaster University who studied 10 million words of recorded speech and 100,000 words gathered from teenagers’ blogs.
He found that the top 20 words used by teenagers, including “yeah”, “no” and “but”, make up about a third of all words used.
Mr. Gross plans to start a movement next year and aiming at primary and secondary schools.
She said, “I want teenagers going into workplaces and making videos of how people communicate and then putting them on YouTube for others to study.” She also wants parents to limit children under the age of two to half an hour of television a day, because she says that it crowds out conversation.
( )1.Why?can?‘teenspeak’?nowadays?come?into?being??
A. Teenagers?learn?that?from?school?and?TV?programs.?
B. Teenagers?depend?on?too?much?electronic?communication?ways.
C. Clever?teenagers?invented?to?win?a?prize?in?a?contest?in?America.?
D. Foolish?teenagers?can?use?it?to?save?time?while?chatting?online.?
( )2.What?may?make?it?difficult?for?children?to?find?a?job??
A. The?poor?ability?of?communication?with?few?words.?
B. The?low?degree?without?coming?into?a?university.?
C. The?high?conditions?they?hope?to?get?from?bosses.?
D. The?bad?conditions?in?most?companies.?
( )3.What?does?Mrs.?Goss?warn?children?not?to?do??
A. Surf?to?make?friends?with?strangers?online.? B. Find?a?job?as?young?as?possible.
?C. Use?their?cell-phones?at?school.? D. Spend?too?much?time?watching?TV.?
( )4.The?passage?is?to?tell?us?teenagers?who?have?limited?vocabulary________.?
A. are?easily?cheated?by?strangers? B. have?fewer?friends?in?their?life?
C. have?more?chances?to?lose?a?job? D. are?finding?it?hard?to?have?a?job?
Keys: 文说到了现代青少年受到发达的联系手段的影响，在平时缩略语的使用大增，这大大降低了他们应该掌握的词汇量。而这给他们将来找工作造成潜在的危机，因为词汇量的减少直接影响到了他们的交际能力。
1.B 推理判断题。第二段的“through modern communication methods”和第四段的“through electronic media and text messaging”说明是现代的联络手段使得这些“少年语”形成。
2. A细节理解题。第三段的“because?they?are?unable?to?communicate”说明求职者的交际能力差会影响到他们的求职几率。?
3. D ?推理判断题。第四段的“a?warning?over?the?effect?of?television”和最后一段的limit是本题的解题线索。?
4. D?主旨大意题。文章是围绕着现代青少年的词汇量减少，有研究表明，这直接影响到了他们将来找工作的输赢几率。第一段里的unemployable和第三段的failing?to?find是本文围绕的中心。??
三．书面表达。
假设你是红星中学高一(1)班学生李华。上周五，你校组织高一年级学生去北京生存岛基地春游。请你根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，用英语为校刊写一篇短文，记下这次春游的全过程。
注意：1. 开头已给出。
2. 词数不少于60。
3. 提示词：北京生存岛基地Beijing Survival Island猴架Monkey Mars
Last Friday, we went to Beijing Survival Island to go spring outing.____________________________
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Key:One possible version:
Last Friday, we went to Beijing Survival Island to go spring outing, which left us a deep impression.
Early in the morning, we gathered at the school gate and the school bus took us to the destination. On the way, we talked and laughed, full of excitement. Upon arrival, we were attracted by various activities and got involved immediately. Monkey bars were really challenging. One of the boys managed to make it with the encouragement of his classmates. I was interested in DIY cake. I was taught to make my first cake on my own! Great! At lunch time, we sat around, enjoying the delicious food and had a good time.
How time flew! It's time to say goodbye before we knew it. Before we left, we had a photo taken to record the unforgettable experience.
