（人教版）高中英语必修4：Unit 3 A taste of English humour单元语言点整理及其练习

Unit 3 A taste of English humour单元语言点
目标认知
重点词汇
astonish, entertain, content，convince，burst，manage，offer，match，treat，request
重点短语
break into，worse off，go by，worn-out，cut off ，make up，add up，pick up， keep to，think of，bring out
重点句型
as引导非限制性定语从句
so...that 引导结果状语从句
状语从句的省略
名词短语引导的时间状语从句
as if引导的从句
知识讲解
重点词汇
【词汇精讲】
astonish
【原句回放】You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
【点拨】astonish (vt.) surprise (sb.) greatly 使大为吃惊
常用搭配：
astonish sb. with/by sth. 用某事使某人惊讶
be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth. 惊讶地做某事
【拓展】astonished (adj.) 感到吃惊的
astonishing (adj.) 令人吃惊的
astonishment (n.) 惊讶
常用搭配：to one’s astonishment 使某人惊讶的是
in astonishment吃惊地
试一试：
(1)That he passed the English test ________________________(使每个人都感到惊讶).
(2)____________ (他们全都很惊讶) to hear China won 51 gold medals in the Beijing Olympics.
(3)_____________________(使我们吃惊的是)，he actually arrived punctually.
(4)He _________________________________ (吃惊地看着老师)when he heard the news.
(5)There was an ______________ ____(惊讶的表情)on his face.
答案：(1) astonished everyone (2) We were all astonished
(3) To our astonishment (4) looked at the teacher in astonishment
(5) astonished look
entertain
【原句回放】 No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
【点拨】entertain v. 使快乐；招待，款待
常用搭配：entertain sb.(to sth.)宴客；招待，款待某人(尤指在自己家中)
entertain sb.(with sth.)(用……)使某人快乐
He entertained friends at dinner. 他招待朋友们吃饭。
We were all entertained by his tricks. 我们都对他的戏法感兴趣。
【拓展】entertaining (adj.)令人愉快的；有趣的
entertainment (n.)娱乐活动
试一试：
(1)他给我们讲故事、说笑话,让我们高兴了好几个小时。
He _______________ for hours _______ his stories and jokes.
(2)昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。
Bob and Liz ________________________ last night.
答案：
(1) entertained us；with (2) entertained us to dinner
content
【原句回放】He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content with their lives．在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使他们开怀大笑，于是人们对自己的生活感到更加满足。(P18)
【点拨】 content adj. 满意的，满足的
vt. 使……满意
n. 内容，所容纳之物
She was content to step down after four years as chief executive．
她在担任了四年主管之后甘愿让位。
He contented himself with a piece of cake．
他吃了一块蛋糕就非常满足了。
the contents of my desk drawer我书桌抽屉里的东西
(2018 四川高考) Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.
安迪很满意这个玩具，这是他拥有过的最好的一个。
常用搭配：
1. be content with对……满意(足)
be content to do sth. 愿意做某事
be content that... 满意……
content oneself/sb. with sth. 满足于某事
with content 满足(意)地
to one’s heart’s content尽情地；心满意足地
2. content and form内容和形式
protein content蛋白质含量
a high sugar content 含糖量高/高糖
convince
【原句回放】The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted! 查理的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐!(P18)
【点拨】convince vt. 使相信；信服；说服（宾语是sb.或oneself）
常用搭配：
convince sb. of sth. /that-clause使(某人)信服，使(某人)明白
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
be convinced of sth. / that-clause确信；坚信
He convinced me that I should study law．他劝我应该学法律。
How can I convince you of her honesty?
我怎样才能使你相信她很诚实呢?
【拓展1】
convinced adj. 坚信不疑的，有坚定信仰的
convincing adj. 令人信服的
convincible adj. 可被说服的，可晓之以理的
【拓展2】易混辨析：convince，persuade与advise的区别
①convince指理智上的“辩论，证明”。
It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt．
花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。
②persuade指情感上的“敦促，劝告”。
He persuaded me that it was not worth buying．
他说服我，那东西不值得买。
③advise只表达劝的动作，不表达结果，常有“劝而不服”的意思。
I advised (tried to persuade) him to start early but he didn’t listen．我劝他早点动身，可他不听。
burst
【原句回放】Children particularly would burst into laughter at his behaviour．特别是孩子们，看到他的表现就会开怀大笑。
【点拨】burst v. 爆炸；胀裂；(突然)闯入；充满
n. 突发；破裂；爆发
常用搭配：
burst out doing sth. =burst into + n. 突然……起来
burst out 突然进发；爆发
burst into/in 闯入，闯进，破门而入
be bursting to do sth. 急于(或迫切想)做某事
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒／悲痛欲绝／乐不可支
The driver lost control when a tyre burst.
一个车胎爆了，司机失去了控制。
The door burst open and an angry young nurse appeared.
门突然被推开，一名怒气冲冲的年轻护士出现在门口。
(2018 北京高考) It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so．
年轻人可能会突然大声喊叫，这并不令人惊讶，特别是他们有理由这样做时。
The little girl burst into tears (burst into crying) when seeing her mother．
小女孩一看到她妈妈就大哭起来。
I was bursting to tell you the good news．
我迫不及待地要把这个好消息告诉你。
manage
【原句回放】He always managed to...他总是设法……(P20)
【点拨】 manage vt. & vi. 设法做好，想办法达到（多与情态动词can，could连用）
经营，管理；操作，使用，对付
常用搭配：manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
manage with/ without 在有/没有……的情况下能对付得过去
The package is too heavy but fortunately I can manage it．
这个包裹太重了，不过幸好我能对付。
The question is too difficult；I can’t manage it myself．
这个问题太难了，我回答不了。
I managed to persuade him to give up smoking at last．
最后我终于设法劝他戒了烟。
Mr. Brown managed a steel works in that area．
布朗先生在那一地区经营一家钢厂。
On holidays he would help his father manage the business．
在假期，他会帮助他父亲管理生意。
Only experienced workers can manage this machine．
只有有经验的工人才可以操作这台机器。
It’s so terrible．I can’t manage the situation．
太可怕了，我受不了这阵势。
We could hardly manage without eating and resting for such a long time．
在这么长时间没有吃饭没有休息的情况下，我们几乎受不了了。
【拓展】易混辨析：try to do，try doing与manage to do的区别
①try to do的意思是“做一番努力，试图做某件困难的事”。
I once tried to learn Japanese．我曾试着学习日语。(表示一种企图但没学会)
I have tried to make friends with him，but he seems not to care．
我一直想与他交朋友，但他似乎不愿意。
②try doing表示试着做某件事，看看会发生什么情况。
I’ll try doing it in a new way．我想用一种新方法试着做做看。(表示“尝试”一下)
If no one answers the front door，try knocking at the back door or windows．
如果前门没人开，试着敲敲后门或后窗。(试试屋内有没有人反应)
③manage to do指设法完成了困难的事情，强调产生结果；而try to do sth. 仅指设法去做，结果不一定成功。
Finally they managed to finish the work ahead of time．
最后他们设法提前完成了工作。
offer
【原句回放】...the waiter offered him the same dish again...……服务员又给他端来了同样的菜……(P20)
【点拨】offer v. 提议；提供 n. 出价；提供
常用搭配：offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
The kids offered to do the dishes after supper.
孩子们主动要求晚饭后洗盘子。
She offered a reward for the return of her lost bracelet．
为了寻回遗失的手镯她提出以酬金答谢。
I’ve been offered a job in Japan．
日本有份工作要聘请我去做。
I offered him thirty thousand dollars for the house．
这所房子我向他索价三万美元。
(2018 天津高考) The next day, we got a disappointing message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.
第二天，我们得到了一个令人失望的消息，另一个买主出了一个高得多的价格。
温馨提示：offer后接价钱，表示主语愿买；后接事物，表示主语愿出售该事物。
归纳拓展
be open to an offer欢迎开价
make an offer(of)提议；出价；提供
on offer削价出售
under offer(指待售房屋)已有人出价要买
They made an offer which I wouldn’t refuse．
他们出了一个我十分满意的价。
Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket．
当地超级市场本周烘豆罐头大减价。
match
【原句回放】Can you match the joke with the explanation? 你能把笑话与解释匹配起来吗?(P22)
【点拨】 match v. 匹配；与(某人)相匹敌；与(某物)相配(尤指颜色)；与……相符合/一致n. 在技巧、力量等方面与某人相匹敌者；对手；相配的人(或物)．
That girl has the beauty that could never be matched．
那个女孩拥有无人能比的美丽。
The coat matches the dress．外衣和裙子很相配。
You should match your deeds to your beliefs．
你应该使你的行动与你的信念保持一致。
He is John’s match for bravery．他与约翰勇气相当。
归纳拓展
be no match for比不上，不是……的对手
best match最佳匹配；最佳配合
find/meet one’s match遇到对手；棋逢对手
He is no match for her in tennis．
在网球上他不是她的对手。
They are best matches at work．
他们在工作上是最佳搭档。
He thought he could beat anyone at tennis，but he’s met his match in her．
他认为他打网球所向无敌，但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。
treat
【原句回放】The second person treats it as a question about shape．第二个人认为问的是形状。(P22)
【点拨】treat v. 把……看作/视为；对待；处理；治疗n. 款待；招待；请客
常用搭配：
treat oneself to舍得花钱享受某物
treat to款待，招待
treat...as...(也可以写作treat...like)把……当作……对待
treat of论述，论及
Don’t treat me like a child．别把我当小孩看待。
Don’t take it seriously．You’d better treat it as a joke．
别那么认真对待那件事，你最好把它当作一个玩笑。
Waste water from factories should be treated before flowing into rivers．
工厂里的废水在流入河里之前应该经过处理。
The farmers treated dry land by irrigating it with the water from wells．
农民们通过用井水灌溉来治理旱地。
On our arrival，we were warmly welcomed and at noon we were given a wonderful treat．
我们一到那里就受到热情的欢迎，中午我们得到了盛情的款待。
【拓展】
treatable adj. 可治疗的
treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理
request
【原句回放】The second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question．第二个人认为是请求询问信息，于是就这个问题给出了答案。(P22)
【点拨】 request vt. & n. 请求；恳求；要求
常用搭配：
request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物
request that sb. (should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
make a request发出请求
at the request of sb. ＝at sb’s request依照某人的请求
You are sincerely requested to be present at the party．
敬请您光临晚会。
【拓展】易混辨析：demand；request与require的区别
①request表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。
Do you require anything else? 你还要求(需要)别的吗?
They required me to keep silent．他们要求我保持沉默。
Many people requested another song．
许多人要求再听一首歌。
The letter requested US to leave the house within six weeks．
这封信要求我们在六周内搬出这所房子。
②demand表示有正当权利的要求，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。
They are demanding higher wages．他们要求涨工资。
③require表示“要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。
All passengers are required to show their tickets．
所有乘客都必须出示车票。
④require和request都可以接“宾语+to do sth.”结构，而demand没有此种用法。
⑤“require+动名词”时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此用法。
温馨提示
它们的共同点是：从语法上看，demand，require和request都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。
重点短语
break into
【原句回放】POLICEMAN：Why did you have to break into the same shop three times? 警察：你为什么非要三次闯入同一家商店?(P17)
【点拨】break into闯入，强行进入；打断，打扰；突然做出，突然(说、唱、笑、哭等)起来；把……分成
We had to break into the house as we had lost the key．
我们丢了钥匙，不得不破门而入。
This box looks as if it’s been broken into．
这个箱子看上去好像被撬开过。
My aunt’s regular visits break into my weekend．
我姑妈的不断来访打扰我度周末。
He became so pensive that she didn’t like to break into his thoughts．
他陷入沉思之中，她不想打断他的思路。
When I told them my story the girls broke into tears．
当我给女孩们讲了我的身世后，她们都哭了起来。
The visitors broke into exclamations of wonder when they saw the magnificent Great Wall．
看到雄伟的长城，游客们惊叹不已。
Mary broke the chocolate into pieces，one for each person．
玛丽将巧克力分成小块，一人一块。
【拓展】
break away突然离开；与……决裂 break down损坏，发生故障
break in插嘴；闯入 break off断开，折断；中断；停止
break out 爆发 break through突破，突围；战胜，克服
break up结束；散开，解散；变得虚弱，垮掉
worse off
【原句回放】Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother．不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭更加艰难，所以查理在童年时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。(P18)
【点拨】worse off 更穷的，更拮据的，更不幸的，境况更差；更缺少的
注意：此短语是badly off的比较级，后跟介词for。
You must be badly off if you can’t even afford an evening at the cinema．
如果你连晚上看电影的钱也出不起，那你一定很穷。
Mr. Brown has had both legs broken by the fall of a tree and he is badly off．
树倒了，把布朗先生的双腿压断了，他真不幸。
The school was then badly off for teachers．
当时学校缺老师。
【拓展】
well off富裕的 better off更富有的
I went to her home and found her living condition was quite well off．
我去她家，发现她的生活状况很不错。
In fact most people are better off than they were five years ago．
实际上，现在大多数人都比5年前富裕。
go by
【原句回放】As time went by, he began making films．随着时间的推移，他开始拍电影。(P18)
【点拨】go by流逝；遵照，依照；凭……判断
Don’t go by what she says．别听她的。
You can’t go by what the children say．
你不能照孩子们说的去做。
to go by appearances凭外表判断
Going by what he wears，he must have come from the south．
从他的穿着打扮来看，他准是从南方来的。
【拓展】由go构成的词组：
go about继续做某事；着手做某事
go down下降；下沉；坠落；降价
go in for参加(考试等)；从事(职业、工作等)
go off爆炸；质量变坏；(电力)中断
go on继续go out出国；不流行；(灯)熄灭
go over复习，重温；仔细检查
go through经历；遭受go at冲向；袭击
go up涨价；上涨go far成功；成名
worn-out
【原句回放】The tramp，a poor，homeless man with a moustache，wore large trousers，worn-out shoes and a small round black hat．这个穷苦的无家可归的小流浪汉，留着小胡子，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。(P18)
【点拨1】worn-out adj. 穿旧的，不能再穿(用)的；筋疲力尽的
He often wears a worn out coat．他常穿一件破大衣。
After a day’s hard work，the doctor felt quite worn-out．
忙碌一天后，医生感到疲惫不堪。
【点拨2】a small round black hat一顶黑色的小圆帽
名词前有若干定语(包括冠词、代词类限定词、数词、形容词等)时的排列顺序问题：
英语中名词前使用多个定语时，排列顺序依据的是它们与该名词关系的密切程度，关系越密切离名词越近。这与汉语中的定语排序不尽相同，使用时要多加注意。下面的排序规律可供参考：
限定词(these，those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(1arge，long，high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desks)
为了方便记忆，不妨试试如下口诀：
限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；
颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。
the nice small French sports car
那辆漂亮的“法国”小跑车
these three lovely round wooden stools
这三个可爱的圆木凳
her first expensive hand—made diamond necklace
她的第一串价值不菲的手工钻石项链
cut off
【原句回放】Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak．然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来，就像是切下一块最好的牛排。(P18)
【点拨】 cut off切掉；停止；切断，打断；使……与外界隔绝；砍掉
Be careful not to cut your fingers off．
当心别把你的手指切断了。
Cut the chicken’s head off．把鸡头切掉。
He cut off some branches from the tree．
他从树上砍下几根树枝。
The electricity/gas(supply) was cut off for the time being because of repairs．
由于检修，暂时切断电源/煤气供应。
The old man completely cuts himself off from the world．
那位老人完全过着与世隔绝的生活。
【拓展】
cut down砍倒；削减，降低 cut in插嘴
cut across取捷径；走近路 cut up切碎；使伤心
Don’t cut in while I’m talking．我说话时别插嘴。
Jane was really cut up when her husband left her．
在简的丈夫抛弃她之后，她痛苦极了。
make up
【原句回放】In pairs make up a dialogue of your own and act it．以小组形式，自己编写对话，然后表演出来。(P19)
【点拨】make up虚构，编造；组成，构成(被动结构：be made up of 由……组成/构成)
These three stories make up the whole book．
(或The whole book is made up of these three stories．)
这三篇故事构成了这本书。(全书是由这三篇故事组成的。)
Thousands of parts make up the machine．(或The machine is made up of thousands of parts．)成千上万个零件组成了这台机器。(这台机器是由成千上万个零件组成的。)
The story which Tom told was not true．He made it all up．
汤姆讲的那个故事不是真的，全是他胡编出来的。
The teacher asked the children to make up a poem about Christmas．
老师叫孩子们写一首关于圣诞节的诗。
【拓展】辨析：be made up of，be made of，be made from，be made into与make up
①be made up of的意思是“由……构成”，强调事物的结构或团体的成分。
All bodies are made up of atoms．一切物质都是由原子构成。
Our group is made up of seven boys and three girls．
我们组由7名男生和3名女生组成。
②be made of的意思是“由……制成”，指事物在制造过程中只发生了物理变化，而没有发生化学变化。
Ice is made of water，but colder than water．冰，水为之，而寒于水。
Our desks and chairs are made of wood．我们的桌椅都是木头做的。
③be made from的意思是“由……制成”，指事物在制造过程中发生了化学变化。
Paper can be made from grass．纸可以由草制成。
④be made into的意思是“由……制成……”，指由原材料制成成品。
Grapes can be made into Brandy．葡萄可以制成白兰地酒。
⑤make up的意思是“构成”，既可指某一物质所占比例，也可以指某几种物质构成另一种物质。
Girls make up one third of the total number of our class．女生占了我们班人数的三分之一。
Eleven medical elements make up the medicine．11种药物成分构成了这种药。
add up
【原句回放】Add up the points and see who has won．把得分加起来，看谁赢了。(P20)
【点拨】add up把……加起来，积少成多；合乎情理，有道理
Every time I add up these figures．I get a different answer．
每次我把这些数字加起来时，结果都不一样。
He has been arrested for murder，but the evidence just didn’t add up．
他因谋杀罪被捕，但那些证据并不合情理。
【拓展】add to增加
add...to...把……加到……
add up to总计，共达；相当于某事物
The bad weather added to our difficulties．
坏天气增加了我们的困难。
Please add my name to the list．请在名单上加上我的名字。
An increasing fear of crime has added up to a boom in the security business．
对犯罪日益增加的恐惧促进了保安行业的兴盛。
pick up
【原句回放】I picked up my clothes and hung them up．我捡起了我的衣服并把它们挂了起来。(P20)
【点拨】pick up拾起，拿起；(用车辆)去接(某人)；(在中途)搭载；(从收音机里)收到，接收；(跌倒后)站起来；偶然找到，偶然学会或获得；恢复(健康)
The boy picked up all his toys and put them into a box．
那男孩把他所有的玩具都捡起来，放进了一个盒子里。
We’ll send someone to pick him up．
我们将派人用车去接他。
Can you pick up London on the radio?
你的收音机能收听到伦敦的电台吗?
I slipped and fell, but I quickly picked myself up．
我滑倒了，但很快就爬了起来。
In his fifties，he picked up another language．
他在五十几岁时学会了另一门语言。
【拓展】易混短语：pick out 选出，挑出；区别出，看出
keep to
【原句回放】It was an interesting experience as it was clear that he did not keep to a strict budget．那是一次很有意思的经历，因为他显然不是严格按照预算来做事。(P21)
【点拨】keep to不偏离道路等；不跑题；遵守，信守；坚守，不离开
We kept to the roads which we had come along．
我们不离开我们来时走的路。
She is over ninety and has to keep to the house．
她已年过九十，只能足不出户。
Things will only work out if we all keep to the plan．
只有大家都执行计划，事情才能取得成功。
think of
【原句回放】Watson，when you look at that beautiful sky，what do you think of? 沃森，当你望着美丽的天空时，你想到了什么呢?(P22)
【点拨】think of考虑，思考，想出，想起；作“评价”解，可以用well，much，little，highly等修饰。think well (highly) of的意思是“对……评价很高；高度赞扬”。
We are thinking of going to France．我们考虑到法国去。
I can’t think of his name at the moment．
我一时想不起他的名字。
Can you think of any explanation for his frequent absence from work?
他经常旷工，你能想得出什么理由进行解释吗?
We all thought highly of his work．
我们对他的工作评价都很高。
温馨提示
对think of提问(尽管是对well或highly的提问)，不能根据汉语去直译，如“你觉得这部电影怎样?”不能翻译为：
How do you think of the film?
应该是：What do you think of the film?
【拓展】
think about考虑；关心；打算(做某事)
think sth. over仔细想；慎重思考；作进一步考虑
think sth. out认真考虑；仔细盘算
bring out
【原句回放】Pay special attention to the rhythm and intonation of what you say and try to bring out the humour．特别注意你说话的节奏和语调并尽量把幽默的意味表达出来。(P22)
【点拨】bring out生产，制造；使显露，使显现；带……出去
to bring out a new kind of soap生产一种新肥皂
to bring out the worst in sb．使某人显露其最丑恶的一面
Bring the children out and I'll have an important report to write．
把孩子们带出去，我要写一篇重要的报告。
【拓展】其它含bring的常用短语
①bring on 带来，引起，端上(菜)
Waiter，how soon can you bring on the beef we ordered?
服务生，我们要的牛排多久能上来?
Pollution often brings on illnesses．污染常引起疾病。
②bring about 引起(事故、变化等)，导致，致使
I don’t know what brought about his change in his thinking．
我不知道是什么原因导致他改变了想法。
His carelessness brought about an accident．
他的粗心导致了一场事故。
③bring around 把某人带到某场所
Can you bring him around your schoolyard?
你能领他参观你们的校园吗?’
④bring down 降低(价格等
The government has taken some measures to bring down the price．
政府已采取一些措施来降低物价。
⑤bring up 教育，培养；吐出，提出某事物
Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt．
她出生后不久父母双亡，她是由姑妈抚养长大的。
These are matters that you can bring up in committee．
这些事你可以在委员会上提出。
⑥bring in 逮捕某人；介绍某人(充当顾问、助手等)；摘取并收集
Two thieves were brought in this afternoon．今天下午两个小偷被逮捕了。
Experts were brought in to advise the government．请来了专家担任政府顾问。
重点句型
as引导非限制性定语从句
【原句回放】As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin．维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天。”关于这一点。直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。(P18)
【点拨1】as引导非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句时，在从句中作主语或宾语，可代表主句的内容；可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号隔开。
As everyone knows，about two thirds of the earth is covered with water．
众所周知，地球上大约三分之二的面积被水覆盖着。
He is from the south，as we can know from his accent．
我们从他的口音可以知道他是南方人。
归纳拓展
as引导的定语从句常用在下列固定结构中：
as is known to all众所周知as we all know众所周知
as has been said before正如之前所说
as is often the case情况常常如此
as may be imagined这可以想象得出
as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样
as has been said above正如上面所说
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
【拓展】as引导的限制性定语从句
so/such...as... 像……那样的
the same...as...与……一样的……
We have never heard such stories as he tells．
我们从未听过他讲那样的故事。(as在从句中作tells的宾语)
Such men as heard him were deeply moved．
听过他说话的人都深受感动。(as在从句中作heard的主语)
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore．
她穿着跟她妹妹穿的一样的裙子。(as强调事物的相似性)
对比：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding．
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿的那条连衣裙。(that指的是与先行词相同的同一事物)
【点拨2】up to now=(up till now/till now/until now)直到现在（常与现在完成时连用）
Up to now he has been very quiet．到目前为止，他一直很安静。
They haven’t collected enough money up to now．
直到现在他们还没有筹集到足够的钱。
I’ve lived at home up till now．我到现在一直住在家里。
【拓展1】易混短语：
1. from now on“从现在开始”，与一般将来时连用；
2. from now“从现在起，今后”，与一般将来时连用；
3. for now“目前，当前”，与一般现在时连用。
【拓展2】
be up to sb. 由某人决定 up to date最新的；现代的
What’s up? 怎么了?
be up to sth. 达到(某数量、程度等)；能胜任；正在做，在捣鬼
so...that 引导结果状语从句
【原句回放】They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner．他们饿极了。只好煮了一双皮鞋来充饥。(P18)
【点拨】 so...that如此……以至于……（引导结果状语从句）
常用句型：s
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that从句
so + many /few+复数可数名词+that从句
so + much / little+不可数名词+that从句。
He is so kind that we all like him．
He is so kind a man that we all like him．他为人很好，我们都喜欢他。
There are so many books in the library that I don’t know which to borrow．
图书馆里的书太多了，以至于我不知该借哪一本。
I have so much work to do that I have no time to go out．
我有如此多的事情要做，我没时间出去。
温馨提示
“so + much/little+不可数名词+that从句”中的little为“少的”，如为“小的”之意时，则不用so，用such。
You can buy only such little presents with so little money．
这么少的钱你只能买这些小的礼物。
【拓展】同义短语：such...that（引导结果状语从句，such修饰的中心词为名词）
There are such a lot of books in the library that I don’t know which to borrow．
He is such a kind man that we all like him．
It was such fine weather that everyone wanted to go out．
天气这么好，以至于每个人都想出去。
状语从句的省略
【原句回放】The answer to the question contains a word which，when spoken，can have two meanings．这个问题的答案包含这样一个单词——当说出来的时候它会有两个意思。(P22)
【点拨】when spoken是when it is spoken的省略形式。
(1)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相一致，且从句含动词be，从句可用省略主语和动词be的形式。
I’ll go to Mary’s birthday party if invited to．(if I’m invited to)
要是我受到邀请的话，我就去参加玛丽的生日聚会。
What were you doing while staying at the hotel?(while you were staying)
待在宾馆的这段时间你在干什么?
(2)在when it is + adj. 结构中，it is也经常省略。
Whenever(it was) possible，they would stop him and ask him the question．
归纳拓展
在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句中，也经常采用这种省略的形式。
名词短语引导的时间状语从句
【原句回放】It should be easily understood the first time you read it．当你第一次读(短篇故事)时，它应该很容易理解。(P24)
【点拨】 every time/each time/the first time/the last time/the next time/the moment/the minute /the second /immediately /directly等实际上起的是连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
The harvest will be got in the next time you come．
下次你来时庄稼将已收好了。
The first week I stayed in the hotel I came across an old friend of mine．
在旅馆住的第一个星期我就遇见了我的一个老朋友。
易混辨析
for the first time与the first time的区别
①for the first time在句中作时间状语，而the first time可以在句中作连词，意思是“第一次，一……就”。
The first time I saw it，I realized it was made for us only．
第一次看到它，我就意识到它是专门为我们做的。
②the first time也可以作表语，用在It is (was) the first time that...句型中，后面的句子要用相应的完成时态(现在完成时或过去完成时)。在口语或非正式文体中也可以用一般时态。
It’s the first time that I have seen such a funny show．
这是我第一次看这么滑稽的演出。
This was the best film that I had ever seen．
这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影了。
as if引导的从句
【原句回放】Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti．查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。(P18)
【点拨】as if引导的从句
1.as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain．天看起来好像要下雨。
It seems as if the boy has lost his way．那个男孩好像迷路了。
He is a happy-go-lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world．
他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有任何让他烦恼和发愁的事。
2. as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。
1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；
2）从句动作与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时(had+过去分词)；
3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用过去将来时(would+动词原形)。
The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl．
那个满头长发的男青年看上去像个女孩。
The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him．
那个受伤的男子表现得好像什么事也没发生。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
对比：as if引导的同一从句中所用时态不同，意思也不同。
The boss speaks aloud as if he is angry．
老板说话声音很高，好像他生气了。(真的生气了)
The boss speaks aloud as if he were angry．
老板说话声音很高，仿佛生气了。(其实没有生气，虚拟语气)
3.as if作从属连词引导的方式状语从句部分，常用省略形式。
He acts as if a fool．他表现得像个傻子。（as if后接名词）
The old woman set upon the thief as if mad．（as if后接形容词）
那个老妇人发疯似地扑向小偷。
She talked to the stranger while walking，as if absent—mindedly．（as if后接副词）
她边走边应酬着那位陌生人，好像是心不在焉。
He opened the archive，as if in search of some militant information．（接介词短语）
他打开档案室，好像要搜寻什么重要军事情报。
The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost on the spots ground．这个男孩急躁地跑来跑去，好像在找丢在操场上的什么东西。（接现在分词）
The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg．（接过去分词）
那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像是腿部受了重伤。（接不定式）
He moved his lips as if to speak．他蠕动双唇，好像是要说话。
巩固练习
根据中文或首字母提示，填写所缺单词的适当形式。
By the end of February schools are opened t________ the country.
He is a f________ as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.
If we work with a strong will, we can o________ any difficulty, no matter how great it is.
He had great d________ in getting the work done within a week.
They sent the enemy ship to the b________ of the sea.
I’m so full that I couldn’t eat another m________.
Hundreds of people leave their villages hoping to gain their f________ in cities.
A m________ country is one in which there are many mountains .
I found it ________ (令人惊讶的) that the young player beat the chess master in the game.
I still remember her ________ (特别的) way of smiling.
My family ________ (款待) him as an honored guest.
Elizabeth Fry helped to improve prison conditions and gave the ________ (无家可归的) work and education.
After graduating from Peking University, he was ________ (幸运的) in having a good job.
I lived in an area of ________ (显著的) natural beauty.
A million dollars is a v________ amount of money.
选词填空
请从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空。
boil, chew, cruel, direct, sense, slide, star, swing, whisper, worn-out,
badly off, content, cut off, knock, pick, think highly of
1. She is ________ her job at the moment.
2. We shouldn’t be unhappy about being ________ — many families are much worse off than we are.
3. It’s easy to ________ my car from others in the parking place; it has an advertisement of Toshiba TV on the back of it.
4. Several months ago Harbin ________ its water supply for four days because of pollution fear in Songhua River, which is Harbin’s main water source.
5. She has ________ some thirty films in all her life.
6. The boy rode very fast and ________ an old man.
7. She ________ into the room not wanting to wake the baby.
8. Anyone who likes watching people suffer is ________.
9. These cars are ________ and must be replaced.
10. When water ________, it changes into steam.
11. Do everything step by step, and don’t bite off more than you can ________.
12. His boss was out on business and couldn’t come back in time, so ________ him to call off the meeting.
13. (2018 福建师大附中期末) Lang Ya Bang was a big TV hit last year, which was _______________ by both audience and critics.
14. The ________ of the ship made many people seasick.
15. In a low voice, she ________ to me that someone was sliding into the room.
There is no ________ in going by boat when the plane is just as cheap and much quicker.
翻译下列句子。
1. 我不能想像如果遭受暴风雪围困，生活会是什么样子的。(be caught in)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. 尽管这部电影投资很大，却不受欢迎，这使得导演大吃一惊。(astonish)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. 成千上万的人去淘金，然而，没有人是足够幸运的。(in search of)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. 有手机的人们觉得无论走到哪里，和朋友们联系起来都很方便。(feel it convenient)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. 他仍然清晰地记得地震发生时那可怕的一幕，好像就在昨天发生似的。(as if)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. 他把自己刚写完的小说读了一遍，对自己很满意。(be content with)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. 他津津有味的嚼着每一口，好像从来没有吃过这么香的饭。(mouthful)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. 卓别林，最滑稽的喜剧演员之一，是第一个给电影配上声音的。(the first one to)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. 早在第二部电影的时候，他就已经形成了自己独特的表演风格，并且很快闻名全球。(particular)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. 我现在好多了，只是有时候还有些咳嗽。(at times)
___________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. — I went to the beach and got plenty of rest.
— ________ You looked tired last time I saw you.
A. You’d better not. B. Why not travel abroad?
C. I am glad you did. D. Sounds like a good idea.
2. (2018 福建师大附中期末) Sam _____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A. picked up B. looked up C. brought up D. set up
3. My aunt always loses her way when she is out by herself because she has no ________ of direction.
A. sense B. feeling C. touch D. scene
4. Good friends as we are, I still find her difficult to understand ________.
A. at times B. at a time C. at one time D. at the time
5. — Did you see the boys yesterday afternoon?
— Yes. I saw them ________ the fence when I passed.
A. climb B. climbed C. to climb D. climbing
6. — You are late again, Tom?
— Sorry, but I got ________ a heavy traffic jam.
A. caught in B. taken in C. put off D. held by
7. As a film star she was a success, but as a wife she was ________ failure, so their marriage ended in ________ failure.
A. /; / B. /; a C. a; a D. a; /
8. If he shouldn’t have been so ________ about his food, he would be healthier now.
A. special B. curious C. particular D. anxious
9. — Do you want anything else for your birthday?
— Nothing else. I’m very ________ with what you’ve bought me.
A. satisfying B. disappointed C. content D. honest
10. — How are the things in your village?
— Modern farming methods have been brought in and the villagers are ________ now than before.
A. well off B. better off C. badly off D. worse off
11. — Can you tell us what is important to a businessman?
— ________ information.
A. Collect B. Collected C. Having collected D. Collecting
12. In order not to let the others hear what he said, he ________ the news to me.
A. shouted B. told C. whispered D. said
13. The country itself didn’t have enough gas because of the war, so the government decided to ________ its gas supplies to other countries.
A. hid away B. cut off C. insist on D. break up
14. — What have you done with your arm?
— A little boy ________ my bike and knocked me off it.
A. knocked into B. came into C. got into D. broke into
15. Our teacher looked here and there on our playground ________ looking for something.
A. even though B. even if C. as if D. only if
16. —How could you _______ my sister so easily in the crowd?（2018 北京二十四中学期中）
—Because she stood out in her red dress.
A. pick up B. pick out C. take up D. take out
17.（2018 北京二十四中学期中）Our teacher looked here and there on our playground ______ looking for something.
A. even though B. even if C. as if D. only if
18. (2018 浙江镇海中学期中) My uncle hasn’t been able to give up smoking, but at least he has ______.
A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off
答案解析：
单词拼写
1. throughout 2. failure 3. overcome 4. difficulty 5. bottom
6. mouthful 7. fortune 8. mountainous 9. astonishing 10. particular
11. entertained 12. homeless 13. fortunate 14. outstanding 15. vast
选词填空
1. content with 2. badly off 3. pick out 4. cut off 5. starred in
6. knocked into 7. slid 8. cruel 9. worn-out 10. boils
11. chew 12. directed 13. highly thought of 14. swing 15. whispered
16. sense
翻译
1. I can’t imagine what our life will be like if we are caught in a snowstorm.
2. It astonished the director that the film wasn’t well received though it cost much.
3. Thousands of people rushed there in search of gold but none of them were fortunate enough.
4. The people with mobile phones feel it convenient to keep in touch with their friends wherever they go.
5. He still remembers clearly the frightening scene at the time of earthquake as if it happened yesterday.
6. He read through his newly-finished story and was content with himself.
7. He ate every mouthful with great enjoyment. It seemed that he had never had a more delicious dinner.
8. Charlie Chaplin, one of the finniest comedy actors, was the first one to add sound to films.
9. As early as his second film, he had developed his particular manner of acting, which soon became famous in the world.
10. I am much better now. Only a little cough at times.
单项选择
1. C。根据第二个人说的“我上次见到你时你看上去很累”来判断，第一个说话者需要好好休息，而第一个人说“got plenty of rest”，所以答语应为“我很高兴你得到了充足的休息”。
2. A。句意：山姆只是看着别人使用计算机就学会了一些计算机知识。pick up 捡起，偶然学会；look up 向上看，查阅；bring up 养大，养育，吐出；set up 搭起，建立。根据句意，选A。
3. A。have no sense of direction是习惯用法，指没有方向感。
4. A。句意为：就像我们这样的好朋友，我 ____ 仍然很难理解她。这里表达的是偶然的情况，所以选at times，意为“有时候”。at a time意为“每次；逐一；依次”；at one time意为“同时；曾经”；at the time意为“在那时”。
5. D。根据“when I passed”来判断，这里说的是正在发生的情况，see sb doing sth指“看到某人正在做某事”。see sb. do sth.指“看见某人做了某事”，看到事件的过程。
6. A。be / get caught in是固定搭配，指“突然碰上；突然遭受”，多用于被动结构。
7. D。failure表示“失败的人或事”时，是可数名词；表示“失败”时，是不可数名词。第一空指“失败者”，所以用a；第二空指“以失败告终”，所以不加冠词。
8. C。be particular about意为“对……挑剔”；be curious about意为“对……好奇”；special意为“特别的；特殊的”；anxious意为“担忧的；焦急的”。根据句意选C。
9. C。be content with意为“对……感到满意”，相当于be satisfied with；be disappointed at指“对……感到失望”；be honest with指“对……说老实话”。
10. B。根据前面的“引进了现代化的耕种方法”来判断，村民的生活比以前“更富裕了”，所以用well off的比较级better off。worse off是badly off的比较级。
11. D。根据上面的问句可知，是对主语的提问，所以用collecting information作主语，后面省略了is important to a businessman。
12. C。为了不让别人听到，只好“小声把消息告诉了我”，所以用whisper，指“耳语；低声说”。其他选项不合句意。
13. B。根据句意，因战争而导致煤气不足，所以应该是切断对国外的供应。cut off its gas supplies指“切断煤气的供应”。hide away意为“隐藏；藏起”；insist on意为“坚决要求”；break up意为“打碎；分裂”。
14. A。knock into意为“撞上；撞见”；break into意为“闯入”。
15. C。根据前面的looked here and there判断，我们的老师“好像”在找东西，所以用as if。
16. B。句意：你是怎样在人群中那么容易地认出我妹妹的？pick out 意为“选出，挑出，辨认出”，符合题意；pick up 捡起，偶然学到/染上，派车去接；take up 开始从事，占用；take out 去除，带……出去。
17. C。句意：我们老师在操场上这儿看看，那儿看看，好像在找什么东西。根据句意，选C。as if 好像；even though/ even if 即使；only if 只有当……。
18. B。句意：我叔叔还不能戒烟，但是至少已经减少吸烟的量了。根据句意，选B。cut out剪下，删除，戒掉；cut down 减少，削减；cut up 切碎；cut off 切掉；停止；切断。