（人教版）高中英语必修4：Unit 3 A taste of English humour动词ing形式作表语，定语和宾语补足语的概念及语法讲解
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| 名称 | （人教版）高中英语必修4：Unit 3 A taste of English humour动词ing形式作表语，定语和宾语补足语的概念及语法讲解 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-08-05 16:11:11 | ||
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动词-ing形式作表语，定语和宾语补足语
概念引入：
在上一个单元我们已经学过了动词-ing形式作主语和宾语等用法，本单元我们继续学习动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法。看下面句子：
The music they are playing sounds so exciting.
We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
The girl singing now is a classmate of mine.
例句1、3都是-ing形式作表语，例句2是-ing形式作watched的宾语的补足语，而例句4是句子的主语the girl的定语。
那么用动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语需要注意什么呢？这就是本单元我们要解决的问题。
语法讲解
【非谓语动词之-ing形式 非谓语动词之-ing形式】
两种动词-ing形式：
动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，在传统语法中，动词-ing形式有两个名字，一是动名词，相当于名词，常作主语、宾语、同位语、定语等；另一个是现在分词，相当于形容词或副词，常作表语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。
动名词的基本形式：
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
现在分词的基本形式：
现在分词
及物动词write
不及物动词go
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
having been written
having gone
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. (动名词的一般式)
他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. (现在分词的完成式)
在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. (动名词的完成式)
错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
The question being discussed is very important. （现在分词的被动式）
正在讨论的问题很重要。
I hear they have promoted Tom, but he didn't mention having been promoted when we talked on the phone. （动名词的完成被动形式）
我听说他们提拔了汤姆，但我们在电话里交谈时汤姆没有提到被提拔的事。
动词的-ing形式主动式表被动含义
1. 在形容词worth之后的动名词，用主动形式表达被动含义。
The book is worth reading a second time.
这本书值得再读一次。
2. 在动词want, need, require后接动名词的主动形式表达被动含义，当然这几个动词也可以跟不定式的被动形式去表达此意。二者无任何区别。
This sentence needs improving.= This sentence needs to be improved.这个句子需要改。
The room requires cleaning. =The room requires to be cleaned.房间需要打扫了。
My hair wants cutting. = My hair wants to be cut.我的头发需要理了。
动词-ing形式作表语
1. 表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语。如：
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
One of his bad habits is smoking while having dinner.
他的坏习惯之一是吃饭时吸烟。
2. 动词–ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，如：
His concern for his mother is most touching.
他对母亲的关爱很感人。
His words are encouraging.
他的话很鼓舞人。
3. 常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等，表示“令人……”。而这些词的-ed形式（过去分词）表示（人）感到……。
对比：
1）I don't think her joke is amusing at all. 我认为她的笑话根本不好笑。
I am not amused at her joke at all. 听了她的笑话，我没有感到好笑。
2）The film we saw last night was very moving. 我们昨晚看的电影很感人。
We were moved at the film we saw last night. 我们都被昨晚看的电影感动了。
4. 动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night.
(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
5. 不定式（to do）也可以作表语，但不定式侧重某次具体的动作或将来的动作，而动词-ing形式表示抽象的，一般性的动作。如：
Her job is nursing patients in the hospital, but this weekend her task is to look after her granny.
她的职业是在医院护理病人，但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她奶奶。
动词-ing形式作定语
I. 意义
1. 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
2. 说明被修饰名词的性质或特点，如：
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐
a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果
an interesting crosstalk 有趣的相声
3. 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
The student making the experiment is our monitor.
我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。
We can see the rising sun.
（2018 四川省德阳市高三“二诊”考试）Amy, please tell the people seated and waiting for their turns to come to my office five minutes later．
艾米，请告诉那些坐等排队的人5分钟后到我的办公室来。
(2018 高考全国I卷) Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing．
但是有证据表明这种趋势正在增长。
II. 使用注意：
1. 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody
They lived in a room facing the street (a room that faces the street).
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there (= The man who is standing there) is Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
The building being built (The building which is being built) there will be our library.
那边正在建的将会是图书馆。
2. 动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
3. 动词-ing形式的完成形式（having done、having been done）一般不作定语。
The girl who has won the race is my desk mate. 赢得这场比赛的女孩说我的同桌。
（who has won不能用having won代替）
4. 动词-ing, 过去分词，不定式作定语时的区别：
正在举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting being held now is very important. （-ing形式表示“正在进行”）
昨天举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting held yesterday is very important. （过去分词表示“已经完成”）
明天要举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. （不定式表示将来）
注意：因为动词“hold 举行”和会议是被动关系，所以第1句和第3句分别用的是动词-ing形式的被动形式和不定式的被动形式。及物动词的过去分词也表示被动。
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。如：
When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2. 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：
They found the result very satisfying. 他们发现结果很令人满意。
= The result is found very satisfying.
They heard him singing in the next room. 他们听到他在隔壁唱歌。
= He was heard singing in the next room.
3. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
a. 感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, 等。如：
We saw a light burning in the window. 我看见一盏灯在窗口亮着。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉有人正在拍我的肩膀。
Can you smell anything burning? 你闻到什么东西烧焦了吗？
As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.
他讲话时，他观察到每个人都正好奇地看着他。
Listen to the birds singing. 听，鸟在唱歌。
I didn’t notice him waiting. 我没有注意到他在等着。
b. 使役动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：
I won’t have you doing that. 我不会容忍你做那件事。
This set me thinking. 这使我陷入了沉思。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
I can’t get the clock going again. 我不能让这钟再次走动起来。
You won’t catch me doing that again. 你不会抓住我再做那件事的。
c. with + 宾语 + doing （宾语与动作do是主动关系，且正在进行；with意为“随着，有”）
With time going, we gradually grew up. 随着时间的流逝，我们逐渐长大了。
With a native villager acting as our guide, we had no trouble getting around.
有一个本地人做我们的向导，我们四处游览没有什么困难。
4. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:
We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：
We heard the door slam. (一次动作)
我们听见门“呯”的一声关上了。
We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)
我们听见门“乒乓”作响。
动词ing形式作表语，定语和宾语补足语
巩固练习
完成句子
It’s wrong of you to _______ (让机器开着)。（run）
What he said _______________ (令人信服的)，we can trust him.(convince)
The news __________ (令人感到惊讶的)，we were all astonished at it. (astonish)
The building _________ (正在建) is our new library. (build)
He was caught ____________ (偷车) and sent to the police station. (steal)
I saw him _________ (正在玩游戏) when I passed. (play)
Some old man have to walk with the help of _________ sticks(拐杖). (walk)
I found Mary __________ (正向一个男孩儿低语) just now. (whisper)
There were some boys _________ (在窗户附近大声喊叫)，so I couldn’t fall asleep. (shout)
A student will be immediately dismissed if he ____________ (被发现吸烟) in school.
单项选择
1.Yesterday our head teacher made such an speech that we all felt .
A．exciting； exciting
B．excited； excited
C．exciting； excited
D．excited； exciting
2. When I caught him _____me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．
A．cheated B．cheating C．to cheat D．to have cheated
3. The children _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
A. playing B. play C. played D. to play
4. The boy ____ over there is my younger brother.
A．cried B. being cried C. crying D. to cry
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
6. He is a student at Oxford University, _______ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
7. Miss John’s habit is _______ without through understanding.
A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading
8. The tower ______ the Warring States is well worth visiting.
A. dated from B. dated back from C. dating from D. to date from
9. With no rain for three months and food supplies ______ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
A. run B. running C. to run D. to be run
10. ---Who would you like to see at the moment?
---- The man _____ Mr. Green.
A. called himself B. we call him C. calling himself D. is called
11. The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to eh beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
12. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
13. The man _____ there is our headmaster. Would you like to go over and say hello to him?
A. stand B. to stand C. is standing D. standing
14. The noise of desks ______ could be heard out in the street. We knew there must be a school nearby.
A. opening and closing B. opened and closed
C. to be opened and closed D. being opened and closed
15. His job was _______ people with all kinds of tricks he can think of.
A. entertain B. entertaining C. entertained D. to entertaining
16. (2018 浙江温州中学期末) There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved
单句改错
1. (2018 福建德化一中期末) She was frightening to look down from the top of the tall building.
2. (2018 福建宁德市二中期末) I’m looking forward to hear from you as soon as possible.
3. (2018 福建八县一中期末) She devoted her life to do research on wild animals and plants.
4. (2018 福建八县一中期末) There was a satisfying smile on her face after she worked out the maths problem.
5. There were over 1000 students attend it.
6. Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.
答案与解析
完成句子
1. leaving the machine running 2.is convincing 3.is astonishing 4.being built
5.stealing a car 6.playing games 7.walking 8.wispering to a boy
9.shouting near the window 10.is found smoking
单项选择
1. C。考查形容词。第一空作定语修饰物，用动词 ing形式；第二空作表语，修饰人，用v- ed形式，选C。
2. B。依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。
3. A。根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。
4. C。依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
5. A。句意：敲完门后，那个孩子听见他妈妈喊他。Voice 与call 之间是主动关系，故排除B和C两项。感官动词hear加宾补成为hear sb. do 或hear sb. doing,故排除D项。因此选A。
6. B。“studying for a degree in computer science” 为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语。
7. D。 在这里考查动名词作定语
8. C。 句中已有谓语动词，故空格处应用分词作定语。date from 意为“始自（某时期）”，不能用被动形式，故用现在分词作定语。
9. B。 本题考查非谓语动词作宾补run out 是不及物动词短语，应用现在分词作宾补。句意：三个月没有下雨，食品也快用完了，这里的局势越来越严峻了。
10. C。 the man 与call 是主动关系，用现在分词作定语指“自称Mr. Grant 的那个人”。
11.B。 smell 为系动词，意为“闻起来”，没有被动语态,smelling 为现在分词作后置定语。
12.D。此处的remaining 相当于形容词，意思是“剩下的”，由于remain 是不及物动词，所以用现在分词作前置定语。
13. D。本题考查动词ing形式作定语的用法。A、C两项因为不是非谓语动词形式而被排除。B项不定式表示未进行的动作，显然不符合题意。
14. D。因为“声音可以被听到”，因此开关课桌的声音应该是正在发出。又因为desk与open/close 之间存在动宾关系，因此close/open应使用被动式。综上所述，应使用being done的形式作定语。
15. B。考查动词ing形式作表语，A, C, D三项中的形式不符合语法。
16. D。句意：我们准备好长期居住在月球之前还有许多问题要解决。根据句意，选不定式作定语，表示要做的动作；问题是被解决的，要用被动形式。being solved 正在被解决；solved 已经被解决。
单句改错
1. frightening →frightened 2. hear →hearing 3. do →doing 4. satisfying →satisfied
5. attend →attending 6. not后加being
概念引入：
在上一个单元我们已经学过了动词-ing形式作主语和宾语等用法，本单元我们继续学习动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法。看下面句子：
The music they are playing sounds so exciting.
We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
The girl singing now is a classmate of mine.
例句1、3都是-ing形式作表语，例句2是-ing形式作watched的宾语的补足语，而例句4是句子的主语the girl的定语。
那么用动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语需要注意什么呢？这就是本单元我们要解决的问题。
语法讲解
【非谓语动词之-ing形式 非谓语动词之-ing形式】
两种动词-ing形式：
动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，在传统语法中，动词-ing形式有两个名字，一是动名词，相当于名词，常作主语、宾语、同位语、定语等；另一个是现在分词，相当于形容词或副词，常作表语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。
动名词的基本形式：
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
现在分词的基本形式：
现在分词
及物动词write
不及物动词go
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
having been written
having gone
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. (动名词的一般式)
他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. (现在分词的完成式)
在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. (动名词的完成式)
错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
The question being discussed is very important. （现在分词的被动式）
正在讨论的问题很重要。
I hear they have promoted Tom, but he didn't mention having been promoted when we talked on the phone. （动名词的完成被动形式）
我听说他们提拔了汤姆，但我们在电话里交谈时汤姆没有提到被提拔的事。
动词的-ing形式主动式表被动含义
1. 在形容词worth之后的动名词，用主动形式表达被动含义。
The book is worth reading a second time.
这本书值得再读一次。
2. 在动词want, need, require后接动名词的主动形式表达被动含义，当然这几个动词也可以跟不定式的被动形式去表达此意。二者无任何区别。
This sentence needs improving.= This sentence needs to be improved.这个句子需要改。
The room requires cleaning. =The room requires to be cleaned.房间需要打扫了。
My hair wants cutting. = My hair wants to be cut.我的头发需要理了。
动词-ing形式作表语
1. 表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语。如：
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
One of his bad habits is smoking while having dinner.
他的坏习惯之一是吃饭时吸烟。
2. 动词–ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，如：
His concern for his mother is most touching.
他对母亲的关爱很感人。
His words are encouraging.
他的话很鼓舞人。
3. 常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等，表示“令人……”。而这些词的-ed形式（过去分词）表示（人）感到……。
对比：
1）I don't think her joke is amusing at all. 我认为她的笑话根本不好笑。
I am not amused at her joke at all. 听了她的笑话，我没有感到好笑。
2）The film we saw last night was very moving. 我们昨晚看的电影很感人。
We were moved at the film we saw last night. 我们都被昨晚看的电影感动了。
4. 动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night.
(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
5. 不定式（to do）也可以作表语，但不定式侧重某次具体的动作或将来的动作，而动词-ing形式表示抽象的，一般性的动作。如：
Her job is nursing patients in the hospital, but this weekend her task is to look after her granny.
她的职业是在医院护理病人，但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她奶奶。
动词-ing形式作定语
I. 意义
1. 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
2. 说明被修饰名词的性质或特点，如：
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐
a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果
an interesting crosstalk 有趣的相声
3. 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
The student making the experiment is our monitor.
我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。
We can see the rising sun.
（2018 四川省德阳市高三“二诊”考试）Amy, please tell the people seated and waiting for their turns to come to my office five minutes later．
艾米，请告诉那些坐等排队的人5分钟后到我的办公室来。
(2018 高考全国I卷) Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing．
但是有证据表明这种趋势正在增长。
II. 使用注意：
1. 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody
They lived in a room facing the street (a room that faces the street).
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there (= The man who is standing there) is Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
The building being built (The building which is being built) there will be our library.
那边正在建的将会是图书馆。
2. 动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
3. 动词-ing形式的完成形式（having done、having been done）一般不作定语。
The girl who has won the race is my desk mate. 赢得这场比赛的女孩说我的同桌。
（who has won不能用having won代替）
4. 动词-ing, 过去分词，不定式作定语时的区别：
正在举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting being held now is very important. （-ing形式表示“正在进行”）
昨天举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting held yesterday is very important. （过去分词表示“已经完成”）
明天要举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. （不定式表示将来）
注意：因为动词“hold 举行”和会议是被动关系，所以第1句和第3句分别用的是动词-ing形式的被动形式和不定式的被动形式。及物动词的过去分词也表示被动。
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。如：
When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2. 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：
They found the result very satisfying. 他们发现结果很令人满意。
= The result is found very satisfying.
They heard him singing in the next room. 他们听到他在隔壁唱歌。
= He was heard singing in the next room.
3. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
a. 感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, 等。如：
We saw a light burning in the window. 我看见一盏灯在窗口亮着。
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉有人正在拍我的肩膀。
Can you smell anything burning? 你闻到什么东西烧焦了吗？
As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.
他讲话时，他观察到每个人都正好奇地看着他。
Listen to the birds singing. 听，鸟在唱歌。
I didn’t notice him waiting. 我没有注意到他在等着。
b. 使役动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：
I won’t have you doing that. 我不会容忍你做那件事。
This set me thinking. 这使我陷入了沉思。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
I can’t get the clock going again. 我不能让这钟再次走动起来。
You won’t catch me doing that again. 你不会抓住我再做那件事的。
c. with + 宾语 + doing （宾语与动作do是主动关系，且正在进行；with意为“随着，有”）
With time going, we gradually grew up. 随着时间的流逝，我们逐渐长大了。
With a native villager acting as our guide, we had no trouble getting around.
有一个本地人做我们的向导，我们四处游览没有什么困难。
4. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:
We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：
We heard the door slam. (一次动作)
我们听见门“呯”的一声关上了。
We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)
我们听见门“乒乓”作响。
动词ing形式作表语，定语和宾语补足语
巩固练习
完成句子
It’s wrong of you to _______ (让机器开着)。（run）
What he said _______________ (令人信服的)，we can trust him.(convince)
The news __________ (令人感到惊讶的)，we were all astonished at it. (astonish)
The building _________ (正在建) is our new library. (build)
He was caught ____________ (偷车) and sent to the police station. (steal)
I saw him _________ (正在玩游戏) when I passed. (play)
Some old man have to walk with the help of _________ sticks(拐杖). (walk)
I found Mary __________ (正向一个男孩儿低语) just now. (whisper)
There were some boys _________ (在窗户附近大声喊叫)，so I couldn’t fall asleep. (shout)
A student will be immediately dismissed if he ____________ (被发现吸烟) in school.
单项选择
1.Yesterday our head teacher made such an speech that we all felt .
A．exciting； exciting
B．excited； excited
C．exciting； excited
D．excited； exciting
2. When I caught him _____me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．
A．cheated B．cheating C．to cheat D．to have cheated
3. The children _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
A. playing B. play C. played D. to play
4. The boy ____ over there is my younger brother.
A．cried B. being cried C. crying D. to cry
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
6. He is a student at Oxford University, _______ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
7. Miss John’s habit is _______ without through understanding.
A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading
8. The tower ______ the Warring States is well worth visiting.
A. dated from B. dated back from C. dating from D. to date from
9. With no rain for three months and food supplies ______ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
A. run B. running C. to run D. to be run
10. ---Who would you like to see at the moment?
---- The man _____ Mr. Green.
A. called himself B. we call him C. calling himself D. is called
11. The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to eh beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
12. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
13. The man _____ there is our headmaster. Would you like to go over and say hello to him?
A. stand B. to stand C. is standing D. standing
14. The noise of desks ______ could be heard out in the street. We knew there must be a school nearby.
A. opening and closing B. opened and closed
C. to be opened and closed D. being opened and closed
15. His job was _______ people with all kinds of tricks he can think of.
A. entertain B. entertaining C. entertained D. to entertaining
16. (2018 浙江温州中学期末) There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved
单句改错
1. (2018 福建德化一中期末) She was frightening to look down from the top of the tall building.
2. (2018 福建宁德市二中期末) I’m looking forward to hear from you as soon as possible.
3. (2018 福建八县一中期末) She devoted her life to do research on wild animals and plants.
4. (2018 福建八县一中期末) There was a satisfying smile on her face after she worked out the maths problem.
5. There were over 1000 students attend it.
6. Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.
答案与解析
完成句子
1. leaving the machine running 2.is convincing 3.is astonishing 4.being built
5.stealing a car 6.playing games 7.walking 8.wispering to a boy
9.shouting near the window 10.is found smoking
单项选择
1. C。考查形容词。第一空作定语修饰物，用动词 ing形式；第二空作表语，修饰人，用v- ed形式，选C。
2. B。依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。
3. A。根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。
4. C。依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
5. A。句意：敲完门后，那个孩子听见他妈妈喊他。Voice 与call 之间是主动关系，故排除B和C两项。感官动词hear加宾补成为hear sb. do 或hear sb. doing,故排除D项。因此选A。
6. B。“studying for a degree in computer science” 为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语。
7. D。 在这里考查动名词作定语
8. C。 句中已有谓语动词，故空格处应用分词作定语。date from 意为“始自（某时期）”，不能用被动形式，故用现在分词作定语。
9. B。 本题考查非谓语动词作宾补run out 是不及物动词短语，应用现在分词作宾补。句意：三个月没有下雨，食品也快用完了，这里的局势越来越严峻了。
10. C。 the man 与call 是主动关系，用现在分词作定语指“自称Mr. Grant 的那个人”。
11.B。 smell 为系动词，意为“闻起来”，没有被动语态,smelling 为现在分词作后置定语。
12.D。此处的remaining 相当于形容词，意思是“剩下的”，由于remain 是不及物动词，所以用现在分词作前置定语。
13. D。本题考查动词ing形式作定语的用法。A、C两项因为不是非谓语动词形式而被排除。B项不定式表示未进行的动作，显然不符合题意。
14. D。因为“声音可以被听到”，因此开关课桌的声音应该是正在发出。又因为desk与open/close 之间存在动宾关系，因此close/open应使用被动式。综上所述，应使用being done的形式作定语。
15. B。考查动词ing形式作表语，A, C, D三项中的形式不符合语法。
16. D。句意：我们准备好长期居住在月球之前还有许多问题要解决。根据句意，选不定式作定语，表示要做的动作；问题是被解决的，要用被动形式。being solved 正在被解决；solved 已经被解决。
单句改错
1. frightening →frightened 2. hear →hearing 3. do →doing 4. satisfying →satisfied
5. attend →attending 6. not后加being
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