（人教版）高中英语必修4：Unit 3 A taste of English humour话题语言应用--“幽默”写作训练

话题语言应用--幽默
语言积累
交际用语
情感（Emotion）
How wonderful! It surprises me that …
I’m pleased we both like… I (don’t) laugh at that kind of thing because…
I felt happy because … It is not amusing/funny that…
What fun! I (don’t)enjoy this very much because…
I couldn’t help laughing when… I burst into laughter when…
It’s interesting that we both find… funny. I found it extremely funny that…
I enjoy watching … How enjoyable that was!
I don’t think that’s funny at all. Isn’t it amusing that … ?
话题词句
【直接引语和间接引语 P1】
Types of humour

 
  / /
/ 
Words and expressions about humour
crosstalk 相声 acrobatics 杂技 soap opera 肥皂剧 joke 笑话
comedy 喜剧 mime 哑剧 sketch/ funny plays 短剧，小品 clown 小丑
tongue twister绕口令 a two-man comic show 二人滑稽表演，双簧 funny poem 滑稽诗
cross-dressing 穿着异性服装 doggerel 打油诗
nonverbal 不用言辞表达的 verbal 言语的，口头的，动词的
What is humour?
Humour is a word means making others laugh. If someone often makes others laugh, we say he is humourous (幽默的); we call him a humourist.
Tongue twister 绕口令
Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? 你能像工人一样装罐头吗？
We surely shall see the sun shine soon. 我们必定会看见阳光。
While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington's windows with warm washing water. 当我们走路时，我们看着清洁窗户的人用温水清洗华盛顿的窗户。
Who washed Washington's white woollen underwear when Washington's washer woman went west? 华盛顿的清洁女工逝世后，谁人替他清洗白色的纯毛内裤？
Will you, William? 威廉，可以吗？
Jokes
Patient: Doctor, I’ve lost my memory.
Doctor: When did this happen?
Patient: When did what happen?
Garcia: Thank you doctor. My fever is gone.
Doctor: Don’t thank me. Thank God.
Garcia: Then I will pay the fees to God.
Customer: What’s that fly(苍蝇) doing in my soup?
Waiter: Swimming, I think!
A man with two red ears went to see his doctor.
Doctor: What happened to your ears?
Man: I was ironing a shirt and the phone rang but instead of picking up the phone, I accidentally
picked up the iron and stuck it to my ear.
Doctor: Oh Dear! But ... what happened to your other ear?
Man: The scoundrel (恶棍) called back!
Famous sentences about laughter
Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. ----Victor Hugo
笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天。
Laughter is the shortest distance between two people. ----Victor Borge
笑是两个人之间最短的距离。
If you don’t learn to laugh at troubles, you won’t have anything to laugh at when you grow old. ----Edward W. Howe
如果你不学会在麻烦时笑，当你变老时，你不会对任何东西笑。
The human race has one really effective weapon, and that is laughter. ----Mark Twain
人类确有一件有效武器，那就是笑。
5. Laughter is the best medicine. 笑是良药。
Humor facilitates (促进) communication（2018 江西上饶期末）
Humor provides a pleasant way in which an employee or employer can communicate with others without feeling uneasy. Consider the exhausted secretary who posts the sign “I have only two speeds, and if this one isn't fast enough then I'm sure you're not going to like my other one.” Or the somewhat disorganized boss whose messy (凌乱的) desk is praised with a note that says, “A creative mess is better than tidy idleness (闲散).” The message is clear, yet the communication is done in a light and less stressful way. The secretary’s sign makes fun of the situation, and the boss’s note makes fun of himself.
…
Humor wakes us up and increases our attention. A few moments of humor at work can lead to increased productivity as the newly energized employee returns to his or her task.
So let’s take humor seriously and use it to lighten our load at work.
Humor in the classroom (2018河北冀州中学月考)
My favorite English teacher could draw humor out of the driest material. It wasn't forced on us either. He took Samuel Johnson's dictionary, Addison's essays, and many other literary wonders from the eighteenth century and made them hilarious, even at eight o'clock in the morning. The thing that amazed me most was that the first time I read these works on my own some of them seemed dead, but the second time, after his explanation, I couldn't believe that I hadn't seen the humor. The stories and poems and plays were suddenly filled with allusions (典故) and irony (反讽) and hilarious (令人捧腹的) moments. I learned more from him than from any other teacher.
My least favorite English teacher also made people laugh. Some students found him to be funny. Many others did not. He assigned journals over a six week period, to be written every day. At the end of the six weeks I had a notebook full of bits and pieces about my ideas, short stories, reactions to what we had read, and so on. Our teacher announced that we would be grading each other's journals. Mine was passed to Joe, that class clown, who always behaved in a funny or silly way. He saw it fit to make joke of and said, " This writing isn't fit to line (衬垫) the bottom of a birdcage. " Our teacher laughed at that funny remark. It hurt me so much that the anger from it has driven my writing and teaching ever since.
So what makes the difference? Humor is one of the most powerful tools teachers or writers have. It can build up students and classes and make them excited about literature and writing, or it can tear them apart. It is true that humor is either productive or counter-productive and self-defeating.
拓展阅读
英语哲理美文欣赏
The paradox of our time in history is that we have taller buildings, but shorter tempers; wider freeways, but narrower viewpoints; we spend more, but have less; we buy more but enjoy less.
我们这个时代在历史上的说法就是我们拥有更高的建筑，但是有更暴的脾气；我们拥有更宽阔的高速公路，却有更狭隘的观点；我们花费得更多，拥有得却更少；我们购买得更多却享受得更少。
We have bigger houses and smaller families; more conveniences, but less time; we have more degrees, but less sense; more knowledge, but less judgment; more experts, but more problems; more medicine, but less wellness.
我们的房子越来越大，家庭却越来越小；便利越来越多，时间却越来越少；学位越来越多，智慧却越来越少；知识越来越多，观点却越来越少；专家越来越多，问题也越来越多；药物越来越多，健康却越来越少。
We drink too much, spend too recklessly, laugh too little, drive too fast, get too angry too quickly, stay up too late, get up too tired, read too little, watch TV too much, and pray too seldom.
我们喝得太多，花钱大手大脚，笑得太少，开车太快，易怒，熬夜，赖床，书读得越来越少，电视看得越来越多，却很少向上帝祈祷。
We talk too much, love too seldom, and hate too often. We’ve learned how to make a living, but not a life; we’ve added years to life, not life to years.
我们常常夸夸其谈，却很少付出爱心，且常常心中充满了仇恨。我们学会了如何谋生，而不知如何生活。我们延长了生命的期限，而不是生活的期限。
We’ve been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble crossing the street to meet the new neighbor. We’ve conquered outer space, but not inner space; we’ve done larger things, but not better things.
我们登上了月球，并成功返回，却不能穿过街道去拜访新邻居。我们已经征服了太空，却征服不了自己的内心；我们的事业越做越大，但质量却没有提高。
We’ve cleaned up the air, but polluted the soul; we’ve split the atom, but not our prejudice. We write more, but learn less; we plan more, but accomplish less.
我们清洁了空气，却污染了灵魂；我们分离了原子，却无法驱除我们的偏见；我们写得更多，学到的却更少；我们的计划更多，完成的却更少。
We’ve learned to rush, but not to wait; we have higher incomes, but, lower morals.
我们学会了奔跑，却忘记了如何等待；我们的收入越来越高，道德水平却越来越低。
We build more computers to hold more information to produce more copies than ever, but have less communication; we’ve become long on quantity, but short on quality.
我们制造了更多的计算机来存储更多的信息，制造了最多的副本，却减少了交流；我们开始渴望数量，但忽视了质量。
These are the days of two incomes, but more divorce; of fancier houses, but more broken homes.
这个时代有双收入，但也有了更高的离婚率；有更华丽的房屋，却有更多破碎的家庭。
These are the days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw away morality, one night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer, to quiet, to kill. Where are we heading...?
这个时代有了快速旅游，免洗尿布，却抛弃了道德、一夜情、超重的身体，以及可以从快乐中走向静止和自杀的药物。我们将走向何方……？
If we die tomorrow, the company that we are working for could easily replace us in a matter of days. But the family we left behind will feel the loss for the rest of their lives.
如果我们明天就死掉，我们为之工作的公司可能会在一天内很轻易地找人代替我们的位置。但是当我们离开家人后，他们的余生将会在失落中度过。
And come to think of it, we pour ourselves more into work than to our family an unwise investment indeed.
考虑一下吧，我们将自己的时间更多地投入到工作中，而放弃与家人在一起的时光，实在并非明智之举。
So what is the morale of the story?
那么这则故事的主旨是什么呢?
Don’t work too hard... and you know what’s the full word of family?
不要工作得太辛苦，你知道家的全称吗？
FAMILY = (F)ATHER (A)ND (M)OTHER, (I) (L)OVE (Y)OU.
家＝爸爸妈妈，我爱你们。
写作运用
写作指导：
逻辑顺序（A logical order）：
Explain the situation 解释情景，what happened 进展 the punchline 妙语，妙句
when, where, who development why
幽默故事三要素（elements of a funny story）：
1. Situation---- time, place, the characters (人物), background information (背景信息)
2. Development----How is the story going on?
3. Punchline--- the last few words of a joke that make it funny （笑话中最后几句点明笑点的词句）
例文：
←The situation
←What happened?
←The punchline
Funny story 1：
A Letter to Girlfriend
One day a young man was writing a letter to his girl friend that lived just a few miles away in a nearby town. Among other things, he was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote the more poetic he became. Finally, he said that in order to be with her he would suffer the greatest difficulties, he would face the greatest dangers that anyone could imagine. In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would climb the highest mountain in the world, he would swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest and with his bare hands fight against the fiercest animals.
He finished the letter, signed his name, and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added: “By the way I’ll be over to see you on Wednesday night—if it doesn’t rain.”
Funny story 2：
The New Baby
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor had a seven-year-old boy named Pat. Now Mrs. Taylor was expecting another child. Pat had seen babies in other people’s houses and had not liked them very much, so he was not delighted about the news that there was soon going to be one in his house too.
One evening Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were making plans for the baby’s arrival. “This house won’t be big enough for us all when the baby comes,” said Mr. Taylor.
Pat came into the room just then and said, “What are you talking about?”
“We were saying that we’ll have to move to another house now, because the new baby’s coming,” his mother answered.
“It’s no use,” said Pat hopelessly, “He’ll follow us there.”
Funny story writing
根据下面漫画内容和所给关键词，写一篇幽默故事。
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Tom, naughty, tricks, pick, top, pleased, run, woman, other side, what
参考范文：
Tom is a naughty boy, he always plays tricks on others.
One day, he met a man in the street. Tom asked the man to pick the flowers at the top of the wall. The man was pleased to do it. When the man was picking the flowers Tom ran away at once.
Just then, a woman with flowers on the hat jumped from the other side of the wall, crying “What are doing?”
如何提高英语写作能力
英语“听说读写”四种能力，其中“听”和“读”是输入信息，“说”和“写”是信息的输出，说写能力在某种意义上来说能体现一个人英语水平的高低。新编高中英语每单元的第四课都有写作,近几年的高考，书面表达所占比分都为25分。由此可见,写作教学在高中英语教学中占有相当重要的位置。那么如何提高英语写作能力呢？
第一，背诵范文。英语写作一般包括记叙文，说明文，议论文等。熟读课文，熟背精彩段落，使学生逐步掌握英语基本的表达方法，增强英语语感，有助于学生模仿范文，再用自己的语言表达出来。而且，通过这些范文，熟练各种题材和体裁的写作技巧，这是书面表达获取高分的一条捷径。经过一段时间的训练，就会有语言材料可写，也能写得出来。
第二，听写练习。听写的内容包括单词、固定词组以及含有本单元重点语法的句子。单词、词组书写正确是句子正确的前提和保证。听写课文上的句子，要体现各种时态、语态以及句型，这有助于学生仿照句型，编出自己的语句。
第三，默写练习。这一练习有助于学生整体把握段落篇章，然后转化为学生自己的能力。课文上的英语语言，都是经过专家审订的，具有权威性，精确性，有利于学生模仿写作，也有助于学生深层次理解课文。每周在学完一课或一单元之后，可以默写一段或几段不等。默写完后，可参照范文修改。
第四，单词、词组及固定句型造句。这一练习是写的一种有效的好方法，必须长期坚持。
第五，英汉互译。这是一种传统练习。采用汉英互译练习形式，对练习写作也有很大的帮助，它具有方法灵活，操作简便的特点，可以在不经意间学习英语表达的方法。
第六，句型转换，变通表达。在练习题中一般没有这样单纯的句型转换、同近义或反意词转换练习，但我们通过这样的练习，可使思路更活，不至于“把自己绑在一棵树上”。也就是说，当这种方式表达不出来或不完整，可用另一种方式来表达。
第七，短文改错，使语言更加精当。这种题型也是高考写的一种形式。这类题型，可以考察出学生综合运用语言的能力。如时态一致、主谓一致、单复数一致、词语搭配等等。通过这一练习，可养成一种 “瞻前顾后，顾全大局”的良好思维方式。
第八，改缩写课文。这也是进一步学习课文的又一手段，可充分利用刚学过的英语语言，来表达要表达的类似语言，尽量使用本课的语言，同时，又要有自己的语言。
第九，坚持写日记，增强英语思维能力。天天记日记，无形中增加了接触英语的机会。刚开始可少写几句，以后逐渐增加字数。内容要灵活多样，什么都可写，关键是要求语言的正确与流畅。
第十，学习一定的写作技巧，如不同文体，不同文风，时态和语法的前后照应等。要使习作成为一篇结构严谨，行文流畅的文章，一些连词的使用非常必要。如after that , then , a few days/ years later, at last，therefore, luckily, unfortunately, on the contrary, in all等等的合理应用。这些语言应用得好，都会大大增强文章的说服力、整体感、流畅感和美感。
巩固练习
单项选择
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．It’s always difficult being in a foreign country，______ when you can’t speak the language．
A．extremely B．naturally C．basically D．especially
2．The fashionable lady is _______ about clothes．
A．special B．particular C．careful D．strict
3．Can you imagine John _______ his work ahead of time though he had three days off?
A．finish B．finishing C．to finish D．to have finished
4．At the press conference，the officer didn’t explain ________．
A．them the cause of the murder
B．them of the cause of the murder
C．the cause of the murder to them
D．the cause of the murder for them
5．News reports say peace talks between the two countries ________ with no agreement reached．
A．have broken down B．have broken out
C．have broken in D．have broken up
6．The ice will ________ when the weather becomes warm．
A．break up B．break down C．break off D．break away
7．When the fire broke out，Mary didn’t know ________．
A．what do B．what thing to do C．what to do D．to do what
8．I prefer _______ at home all night to make up the lost time to _______ TV programs．
A．stay；watch B．staying；watching C．stay；watching D．staying；watch
9．—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet，the rooms _______．
A．are being painting B．are painting
C．are painted D．are being painted
10．Mom! Please put the cake on the _______ of the cupboard，otherwise I won’t get it．
A．top B．bottom C．back D．front
11．She _______ Japanese when she was in Japan．Now she can speak it freely．
A．picked out B．made out C．made up D．picked up
12．Can you _______ your sister from that group of girls?
A．bring out B．pick up C．bring up D．pick out
13．In those days，large numbers of poor farmers moved to the northeast with their families as they thought they might be a little _______ there．
A．well off B．better off C．good off D．best off
14．The project is designed in this way and once _______，nothing can be done to change it．
A．starts B．starting C．started D．having started
15．You _______ TV last night since there was a power-cut．
A．mustn’t have watched B．couldn’t have watched
C．couldn’t watch D．wouldn’t watch
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文。掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Michael is the kind of guy you love to hate．He is always in a good 16 and always has something 17 to say．
If an employee was having a bad day，Michael was there telling the 18 how to look on the positive(积极的) side of the situation．Seeing this style really made me 19 ，so one day I went up to Michael and asked him，“I don’t 20 ．You can’t be positive all the time．How do you do it?”
Michael replied，“Each morning I 21 and say to myself Mike，you have two 22 today．You can choose to be in a 23 mood or be in a bad mood．’I 24 to be in a good mood．Each time something bad happens，I can choose to be a 25 or choose to learn from it．I choose to learn from it．”
“Yeah．right．It isn’t that easy．”I protested．
“Yes it is．”Michael said．“Life is all about choices．You choose how you react 26 situations and how people will affect your mood．You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood．The bottom line is：It’s your choice 27 you live life．”
Several years later．I heard Michael was involved in a serious 28 ，falling off 60 feet from a communications tower．After 18 hours of surgery，and weeks of intensive 29 ，Michael recovered．When I asked him what had 30 his mind aft the accident took place．
“The first thing that went through my mind was the well being of my soon-to-born daughter，”Michael replied．“Then，as I 31 on the ground，remembered I had two choices：I could choose to live or I could choose to 32 ．I chose to live．”
Michael lived，thanks to the skill of his doctors，but also 33 his amazing attitude．
I learned from him 34 every day we have a choice to live fully． 35 is everything．
16．A．mood B．sense C．feeling D．emotion
17．A．active B．positive C．reactive D．negative
18．A．trainee B．interviewee C．employee D．bee
19．A．moved B．interested C．precious D．curious
20．A．take it B．hold it C．make it D．get it
21．A．make up B．take up C．wake up D．bring up
22．A．roads B．choices C．ways D．methods
23．A．good B．pretty C．nice D．smart
24．A．decide B．choose C．feel D．require
25．A．cook B．receiver C．victim D．leader
26．A．by B．against C．with D．to
27．A．what B．that C．how D．which
28．A．thing B．incident C．accident D．state
29．A．help B．care C．rest D．holiday
30．A．gone through B．broken through C．looked through D．read through
31．A．sat B．lay C．stood D．lied
32．A．move B．leave C．die D．remove
33．A．so long as B．in case of C．instead of D．because of
34．A．what B．how C．that D．which
35．A．Attitude B．Choice C．Person D．World
阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
A
A sense of humor is just one of the many things shared by Alfred and Anthony Melillo，64-year-old twin brothers from East Haven who made history in February 2002．On Christmas Eve，1992，Anthony had a heart transplant from a 21-year-old donor．Two days before Valentine’s Day in 2002，Alfred received a 19-year-old heart，marking the first time on record that twin adults each received heart transplants．
“I’m 15 minutes older than him，but now I'm younger because of my heart and I'm not going to respect him．”Alfred said with a grin，pointing to his brother while talking to a roomful of reporters，who laughed frequently at their jokes．
While the twins knew that genetics might have played a role in their condition，they recognized that their eating habits might have also contributed to their heart problems．“We’d put half a pound of butter on a steak．I overdid it on all the food that tasted good．so I guess I deserved what I got for not dieting properly．”
The discussion moved to Anthony’s recovery．In the five years since his heart transplant，he had been on an exercise program where he regularly rode a bicycle for five miles，swam each day，and walked a couple of miles．He was still on medication，but not nearly as much as Alfred，who was just in the early stage of his recovery．
“Right now I feel pretty young and I'm doing very well．”Anthony said．“I feel like a new person．”
Alfred said his goal，of course，was to feel even better than his brother．But，he added，“I love my brother very much．We’re very close and I’m sure we’ll do just fine．”
36．This article is mainly about _______．
A．the danger of heart transplant surgery
B．becoming young by getting a new heart
C．the effect of genetics on the heart
D．the twin brothers who received heart transplants
37．What did Alfred and Anthony have in common?
A．Lifespan． B．Career goals．
C．A sense of humor． D．Love for bicycling．
38．What did Alfred and Anthony think caused their heart problems?
A．Exercise． B．Diet． C．Surgery． D．Medicines．
39．Why did Alfred say，“I’m 15 minutes older than him，but now I’m younger because of my heart”?
A．His heart transplant surgery was more successful than Anthony’s．
B．His recovery from the heart surgery was faster than Anthony’s．
C．His exercise program was better than Anthony’s．
D．His new heart was younger than Anthony’s．
B
Most dog owners feel that their dogs are their best friends．Almost everyone likes dogs because they try hard to please their owners．One of my favorite stories is about a dog who wanted his owner to please him．
One of my friends has a large German shepherd(牧羊犬) named Jack．Every Sunday afternoon，my friend takes Jack for a walk in the park．Jack likes these long walks very much．
One Sunday afternoon，a young man came to visit my friend．He stayed a long time，and he talked and talked．Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk，but the visitor didn’t leave．Jack became very worried about his walk in the park．He walked around the room several times and then sat down directly in front of the visitor and looked at him．But the visitor paid no attention．He continued talking．Finally，Jack couldn't stand it any longer．He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later．He sat down again in front of the visitor，but this time he held the man’s hat in his mouth．
German shepherds aren’t the only intelligent dogs．Another intelligent dog is a Seeing Eye dog．This is a special dog which helps blind people walk along the streets and do many other things．We call these dogs Seeing Eye dogs because they are the “eye” of the blind people and they help them to“see”．Seeing Eye dogs generally go to special schools for several years to learn to help blind people．
40．The writer tells the story about the dog Jack to show that _______．
A．it，like many other dogs，always tried to please its owner master
B．it，unlike many other dogs，always wanted its master to please it
C．it was the intelligent than many other dogs
D．it was the most faithful dog of his friend’s
41．Jack came to sit in front of the visitor in order to _______．
A．please him B．be pleased C．ask him to leave immediately D．invite him for a walk
42．The sentence“Finally．Jack couldn’t stand it any longer．” means _______．
A．Jack could no longer put up with the visitor
B．Jack could no longer stand but he might sit down
C．Jack was very tired and wanted a rest
D．Jack was very angry with the visitor
43．Which of the following titles would be the best for the passage?
A．Dogs—A Great Help to People
B．An Impatient Dog
C．An Introduction to Dogs
D．Famous Dogs in Germany
C
Anna arrived far too early．Usually she left things to the last minute，but today was a very special occasion(场合)．It was almost as if by getting there an hour beforehand that she hoped to cause the plane to arrive sooner．Thoughts raced through her mind．“Do I look all right? Will he notice that I'm wearing a new suit? Will he even recognize(认出) me?”After all，it was a year almost to the day since she had last seen Joe．She fished-a mirror out of her hand-bag and inspected her face．Too much make—up? Joe had never made any comment but she knew that he did not approve of(赞成) heavy make-up—“gilding the lily(锦上添花)”，he called it．It was funny how much importance she attached to making a good impression on him．After all，friends do not judge each other by appearance．All the same，it was the first meeting after a long separation，and she wanted everything to go off right．
Looking out of the window，Joe caught a first glimpse，through a break in the clouds of the town far below．This was his third visit，and looked like becoming an annual(每年的) event．Certainly it was very flattering(高兴的) that they had invited him to be the guest lecturer at their Autumn Congress yet again．The Chairman of the Organizing Committee，as a matter of courtesy，had offered to meet him at the airport，as he had done previous occasions．This time，however，it was not necessary，partly because Joe was quite familiar with the city，but mainly because Anna had said that she could take the afternoon 0ff in order to come and meet him．
44．Anna looked in her mirror because _______．
A．she wanted to make a good impression on Joe
B．she knew that Joe disapproved of heavy make-up
C．she had too much make—up on
D．she wanted to check that her new suit was alright
45．Anna thought that Joe might not recognize her because _______．
A．she was wearing a new suit
B．he had not seen her for about a year
C．he might expect someone else to meet him
D．she had changed a lot in the past year
46．When did Anna get to the airport?
A．Shortly after the plane had arrived．
B．At the last possible minute．
C．Just before the plane was due to land．
D．About an hour earlier．
47．How many times had Joe been to this town?
A．Three times before． B．Twice before．
C．Four times． D．Several times before．
48．Joe did not want the Chairman to meet him because _______．
A．the Chairman was not willing to meet him
B．he was not sure which day he would travel
C．be feared that might cause a lot of trouble to the Chairman
D．he thought that Anna would be there to meet him
D
For most students in universities，20，000 yuan is a big sum．But Xiao Wang paid the money soon after she learned that she could change to the popular Economics Department．
But by paying 20，000 yuan with the help of her parents，Xiao Wang can study the economics major she prefers：“It is difficult for graduates(毕业生) in chemistry to find a good job in recent years，”she said．Xiao Wang is only one of the many freshmen that pay to change to popular majors．Many universities throughout China offer similar services．The charge for changing majors are from 5，000 yuan to 80，000 yuan，according to a recent report on the Yangzi Evening News．The fee(费用) is decided by university authorities based on the popularity of each major，the report said．The most popular majors include computer science，law，finance，information engineering and foreign languages．
A saying popular among students may explain the phenomenon(现象)．Studying a good major is much better than studying in a famous university．
Some educators warn students against rushing blindly to today’s popular majors．They may not be popular years later，the China Youth Daily said．But it seems that many students are career-oriented(以职业为宗旨的)，instead of being interest-based．
Freshmen are allowed to change to other departments，according to rules of the Ministry of Education．But there is no official rules on the charges．In spite of the high charges，demands to change majors are still increasing．The paper said about 100 students in the English language department of a school in Harbin changed from other departments．The department planned to admit only 50 freshmen this year．
These charges have become a big income for some universities，the paper said．It is expected a normal school in Harbin will get an income of 30 million yuan this year．
49．Xiao Wang would rather pay 20，000 yuan to choose the Economics Department because ________．
A．her parents have persuaded her to do so
B．she prefers to study the major
C．it has a promising future
D．transferring to another major is very popular in university
50．The following are the most popular majors in China today except _______．
A．law B．computer C．English D．teaching
51．The fees that freshmen hand in to change to a new major are decided by ________．
A．headmasters B．the Ministry of Education
C．university authorities D．the China Youth Daily
52．The writer wrote the passage to ________．
A．encourage students to change to popular majors
B．explain that is not right for universities to charge too much money
C．tell us a new phenomenon that took place in universities
D．warn the students to be careful if they want to change majors
E
Going，Going，Gone!
The Haynes Middle School Parent-Teacher Organization invites you to attend our latest fund(基金)-raiser，The Fourth Annual(每年一次的) Haynes School Auction(拍卖)!
Saturday，May 10
6:00 p. m. —11:00 p. m.
in the school hall
6:00 p. m. —6:30 p. m. ：All items for auction are previewed．
6:30 p. m. —7:00 p. m. ：Silent auction begins．
7:00 p. m. —7:30 p. m. ：Highest bidders(出价人) from silent auction are determined．
7:30 p. m. —11:00 p. m. ：Main auction begins．
Items up for bid in the silent auction range in value from $ 5.00 to $30.00．
Items up for bid in the main auction include the following：
Airline tickets to a place of your choice
●Weekend getaways at first-Glass hotels
●Season tickets to the Chicago Bears football game
●$50 gift tickets to local gift shops，restaurants，and salons
●Theater tickets to The Merchant of Venice
Don’t miss the boat! Book your tickets today．
Last year，tickets sold out in five days!
Tickets are sold on a first come，first served basis．
$15.00 per person
All the money from the auction will be given to the Haynes School computer lab．
53．The more items that are given or bought for auction，_______．
A．the less money that will be charged for the tickets to the auction
B．the mole money that can be raised to support the computer lab
C．the faster the ticket will be sold to the auction
D．the higher the value that will be placed on the items in the silent auction
54．Which of the following is most likely to happen at the year’s auction?
A．The airline tickets will receive higher bids than any other item．
B．All items up for bid will be sold for at least twice their value．
C．More money will be raised this year than any other year before．
D．Tickets for the event will be sold out in less than one week．
55．The phrase“first come，first served”tells you that ________．
A．people can buy the tickets on the first day only
B．the person who is the first to arrive will receive a ticket at no charge
C．food and drinks will be served at the auction
D．tickets are sold in the order of who arrives first to buy them
阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Every day we meet people in a number of business and social situations．And the way we meet and greet them creates an impression．It’s important to do so in a proper way，no matter whether you are introducing yourself to someone，or introducing two people to each other．To keep you aware of this，we have gathered tips on how to make a proper introduction．
★ Always stand when making an introduction．
When you are seated and someone comes up to greet you，make the effort to stand up．By doing this，you show respect for yourself and for the other person．
★ Always maintain eye contact while making an introduction．
Many people are not aware of the value of this simple action．When you make eye contact you are giving a confident image．
★ Always introduce a person of lesser authority to one of greater authority．The most important thing to remember is to say the most important person’s name first．
★ In a situation where rank is unimportant，_____________．A man is presented to fl woman and a younger woman to an older woman．
What if you find yourself in a situation where you have forgotten the other person’s name? Start with a handshake and reintroduce yourself．By doing this，you will usually cause the other person to do the same．
However，if the other person does not take your suggestion，it is OK simply to apologize and let the person know that you cannot remember her or his name．This is not the ideal situation，of course，but it does happen to all of us．The other person should be forgiving．
56．What is the passage mainly about?(Please answer within 10 words．)
57．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
It hasn’t been commonly recognized that such a minor movement or behavior may be of great significance．
58．Fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to make the sentence complete．(Please answer within 10 words．)
59．What would you say when introducing your boss Bob Jones to your Chinese friends Zhang Wei and Hu Min?(Please answer within 20 words．)
60．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．
写作(满分25分，两题任选其一)
（一）
假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。
内容要点应包括：
部分同学的饮食习惯
良好的饮食习惯
个人看法
小吃早餐
爱吃零食
偏食
饮食过量
饮食多样化
饮食定时定量
重要性；
有助于身体健康
注意：
1．发言稿必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2．发言稿开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数；
3．词数：100左右。
4．参考词汇：偏食be particular about food 零食snack
Dear friends，
As we all know，we are what we eat．Therefore，it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits．
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
That’s all．Thank you!
（二）
（2018 浙江温州十校联考期中）
为了丰富校园生活，你校学生会将举办歌唱比赛，请根据以下信息用英语写一篇广播稿。
1. 参加对象：全体高一学生
2. 比赛要求：表演限时3分钟，自带伴奏录音（Karaoke）或乐器
3. 比赛时间：5月22日 下午2点
4. 比赛地点：学校礼堂（auditorium）
注意：1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）
2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Boys and girls,
Attention please!
In order to enrich our school life, the students’ union______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Wish you success!
附加题：
I. 七选五：（2018 江西高安中学期末）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Meet the magic folk
Throughout the ages and across the world, fairies（童话故事）have come alive in the stories, poems, and songs passed down from the old to the young. Some amazing stories about fairies have come to us from the British Isles. 1
Merrows are Irish fairy mermaids（美人鱼）. The females are very gentle and beautiful with fishes’ tails. Merrows sometimes come onto land disguised（伪装）as small, white cattle or as beautiful women wearing bright red feather caps. 2
Leprechauns（矮妖）are fairies that appear as tiny old men. They like to be alone most of the time, making and mending shoes and keeping their pots of gold well hidden. If a human catches a leprechaun and asks for its gold, the leprechaun must hand it over. 3 If the human looks away for even an instant, the leprechaun will joyfully disappear.
Brownies are hairy little men who do chores（杂事）in houses and on farms during the night. All they want as payment is food, and they get very angry if humans watch them do their work. If a brownie is given clothes as a present, he’ll disappear forever. 4
Selkies are seal fairies. Female selkies sometimes come to shore and take off their sealskins to play on the beach in human form. Like merrows, if a human finds a selkie’s sealskin, she can’t go back to the ocean. 5 If she finds her sealskin, she happily returns to the sea, leaving her human husband and children…but she comes close to shore to watch over them from time to time.
A. Here are some of these fairies.
B. Most sailors at sea hope never to see a merrow.
C. But it is far trickier（狡猾的）than it looks!
D. A selkie is quiet and lovely, with dark hair and sad eyes.
E. Instead, she must obey（服从）the human who keeps it and usually marries him.
F. Perhaps this is because he rushes back to show off his new clothes to the others.
G. If a human steals this cap, a merrow can’t go back to the sea and must stay on land.
II. 短文改错（2018 安徽安庆市第一中学期中）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之问交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? Today I’m supposing to say something about students watch TV. As we know, in our daily lives, TV plays an important part. It is quicker and more convenient to get information from TV as from newspapers. Providing us with vividly and lively pictures, TV enables us not only to see what was happening in the world but also to learn many things, including foreign languages. However, it is not reasonable to forbid students watch such programs. But watching TV for too long is not good. Sitting in the front of TV all day does harm to our eyes and wastes our time on study. So you should take a right attitude towards it. Thank you for your listening.
答案解析
单项选择
1．D 句意：身处国外总是很难的，尤其是当你不会说这个国家的语言时。especially尤其，特别；extremely极其，非常；naturally自然地；basically基本上，本质上。
2．B 句意：这位时尚的女士对衣服很挑剔。be particular about的意思是“对……挑剔”。
3．B 句意：你能想象尽管请了三天的假约翰还是提前完成了工作吗?imagine后面只可以跟v. -ing形式，而不可以跟不定式。
4．C 句意：在新闻发布会上，警官没有向他们解释谋杀的原因。explain不可以跟双宾语，可以说explain sth. to sb.
5．A 句意：新闻报道说，这两个国家之间的和谈破裂，没有达成任何协议。break down在这里的意思是“失败；破裂”，而break up的意思是“分解”，break．out的意思是“(突然)爆发”。
6．A 句意：天气变暖的时候冰就会溶解。break up的意思是“分解”。
7．C 句意：火灾发生时，玛丽不知道该做什么。what to do为“疑问词+不定式”结构，what作to do的宾语。
8．B 句意：我宁肯整晚待在家里弥补失去的时间，也不愿意看电视节目。prefer doing to doing与prefer to do rather than do为固定搭配。
9．D 句意：——你搬进新房子了吗?——还没有，正在粉刷房间。本题考查了现在进行时的被动语态。
10．B 句意：妈妈!请把蛋糕放在橱柜的最下面一层，要不然我够不着。从后面的otherwise 1 won’t get it可知，说话人要母亲将蛋糕放在橱柜的底部。
11．D 句意：在日本的时候她学会了日语。现在她能说得很流利了。考查动词短语辨析。pick up表示“(无意中)学会”。
12．D 句意：你能从那群女孩子中认出你姐姐吗?考查短语辨析。pick out在这里是“辨认出”的意思。
13．B 句意：那时候大量贫苦农民举家迁往东北，因为他们认为在那边他们的生活会有所好转。a little也常常用来充当比较级的状语。
14．C 句意：这项工程就是这样设计的，一旦开始，什么也不能改变它。这里考查了once it was started的省略形式。
15．B 句意：昨天晚上你不可能看电视了，因为停电了。这里表达对过去情况否定的推测。
完形填空
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。全文记叙了一个积极向上、乐观的人。从他身上我们可以学到如何度过每一天。
16．A 由下文第三段的I：丝．(choose)t0 be in a good mood．可知，答案为A项。
17．B 由下文第二段的You can't be positive all the time．How do you do it?可知，Michael总是乐观的，并且总有积极的事情去说。
18．C 由本段中的If an employee was having a bad day ...．可知，如果有员工不愉快的，Michael就告诉这个员工如何去看到情况积极的一面。
19．D 由下文的...so one day I went up t0 Michael and asked him，...You can’t be positive all the time．How do you do it? 可知，作者好奇，所以问出这样的问题。因此，答案为D项。
20．D get it了解，懂得；make it及时到达，成功，约定时间；从上下文来看，作者不明白。因此，问了下面的问题You can’t be positive all the time．How do you do it?
21．C 由each morning可知，醒来并告诉自己。因此，答案为C项。take up占去，接受；make up组成，编造；bring up教育，提及，呕吐。
22．B 由下文的You can choose be in a...mood or be in a bad mood．并结合文章大意可知，是两个选择。因此，答案为B项。
23．A 由下文的…or be in a bad mood及t0 be in a good mood．可知，此处选择A项。
24．B 由上文的You can choose to be in a ...并结合文章大意可知，此处答案为B项。
25．C 由上文的Each time something bad happens，... or choose to learn from it．可知，要么从坏事中学习，要么成为受害者。因此，答案为C项。
26．D 考查短语react to...对……作出反应；react by以……方式作出反应；react against反对，反抗；react with与……起化学反应。从题中可以看出，是对情况作出反应。因此，选择D项。
27．C 从句法分析，you live：life主谓宾都有。因此，选择how。句意为：过怎样的生活是你的选择。
28．C 由下文的...falling off 60 feet from a communications tower．After 18 hours of surgery...可知，Michael遇到了意外事故。因此，答案为C项。
29．B 在18个小时的手术以及数周的重病特别护理(intense care)后，他恢复了。
30．A 由下文的The first thing that went through my mind was the well being of my soon-to-born daughter，...可知。go through穿过，经过；break through突围，突破；look through仔细检查；read through仔细阅读。
31．B 由上文可知．Michael从60英尺高的信息塔上掉下来，因此，只能是躺在地上了。
32．C 由文中的...remembered I had two choices：I could choose to live or...知，与活相对应的应该是死(die)。
33．D 由but also一词可知后面也是他能活下来的原因。thanks to“由于，多亏了”，四个选项中能与之相替换的只能是because of。so long as只要；in case of万一；instead of代替，而不是。
34．C 分析句子结构，that在此处引导宾语从句，在句中不充当成分，只起引导作用。
35．A 从全文来分析，以及让Michael从意外事故中活过来的原因“his amazing attitude”可知，是态度决定一切。
阅读理解
A
[语篇解读] 幽默是医治创伤的良药，Alfred与Anthony Melillo对此理解得最透彻，他们都进行了心脏手术，是他们乐观的性格帮助他们康复的。
36．D 主旨大意题。全文讲述了一对做心脏移植手术的双胞胎兄弟。
37．C 细节理解题。从A sense of humor is just one of the many things shared by Alfred and Anthony Melillo可以得此答案。
38．B 细节理解题。从they recognized that their eating habits might have also contributed to their heart problems可以得此答案。
39．D 句意理解题。由文章第一段可知，Afred晚于Anthony两天于2002年移植了一颗更年轻的(19岁的)心脏，由此可以得此答案。
B
[语篇解读] 狗是人类忠实的朋友，在人类与动物共存的过程中，狗依赖人类生存，同时狗也为人类作出了贡献。本文讲述了狗这种有智力动物的有趣表现及其对人类的特殊用途。
40．B 细节理解题。从第一段最后一句One of my favorite stories is about a dog who wanted his owner to please him．得此答案。C项有一定的干扰性，作者讲述的这条狗不是比别的狗更聪明，而是它做事情的方式不同。
41．C 推理判断题。从文中He sat down again in front of the visitor，but this time he held the man’s hat in his mouth．可以推知，狗给他拿帽子来是想催他走。A项有一定的干扰性，联系全文可知，Jack想让主人带自己出去，因此为客人拿来帽子，而不是想取悦于他。
42．A 句意理解题。在这里stand和put up with都是“忍受；容忍”的意思。D项有一定的干扰性，从文章内容可知；最后Jack只是拿来帽子催他快离开，并没有大叫，因此不能说生气。
43．B 主旨大意题。本文讲述了一条狗在客人不离开，而自己又想让主人带着去散步时的表现。A、C两项均具有较大干扰性，从讲的故事看，狗仅仅是与人为伴，并不能说对人类有巨大帮助；C项的题目太大而广，不能说明本文的中心。
C
[语篇解读] 坐飞机到另一个城市可是许多人的梦想，我们看一下Anna和Joe是怎么做的吧。
44．B 事实细节题。根据第一段中的“she knew that he did not approve(赞成) of heavy make-up”可知正确答案为B。A、D两项均有干扰性，从文章中我们知道，Anna看镜子的目的是检查一下自己是否妆化重了，而不是检查衣服或其他。
45．B 事实细节题。从“After all，it was a year almost to the day since she had last seen Joe.”可以得此答案。A、D项有一定的干扰性，联系文章我们知道，Anna好久没见Joe了，因此她担心他认不出自己，而不是自己的打扮让他认不出。
46．D 事实细节题。从“It was almost as if by getting there an hour beforehand that she hoped to cause the plane to arrive sooner．”可以得此答案。从Usually she left things to the last minute看，B项有一定的干扰性，但是联系后面的句子可以排除。
47．B 推理判断题。由原文第二段This was his third visit可判断，以前乔曾两次来访该城市。A项有一定的干扰性，因为这是第三次，因此他曾两次去过那里。
48．D 推理判断题。从“but mainly because Anna had said that she could take the afternoon off in order to come and meet him”可以得此答案。
D
[语篇解读] 大学生花上五千到八万元就可以换到热门专业去，这是最近报纸对有些大学一种现象的报道。专家对此现象提出忠告：现在热门的专业几年后未必热门。政府允许换专业，但对收费没有明文规定。
49．C 推理判断题。从“It is difficult for graduates(毕业生) in chemistry to find a good job in recent years可以得此答案。B项与D项均有较大干扰性。从But it seems that many students are career-oriented(以职业为宗旨的)，instead of being interest-based．可以看出，大学生换专业并不是因为自己喜欢或赶时髦，而是为了将来的工作更有前途。
50．D 细节理解题。从The most popular majors include computer science，law，finance，information engineering and foreign languages．得此答案。
51．C 细节理解题。从The fee(费用) is decided by university authorities based on the popularity of each-major，the report said．得此答案。
52．C 作者意图推断题。作者只是反映出了一种社会现象及专家对这种现象的分析，作者对此没有表达自己的态度。D项干扰性最大，文中只是提到有的教育家告诫大学生要谨慎，没有作者的观点。
E
[语篇解读] 本文是广告阅读，介绍了一个为学校捐款的拍卖。
53．B 推理判断题。根据最后一句话“All the money from the auction will be given to the Haynes School computer lab．”可以知道，拍卖所得的钱将全部捐给该校的电脑实验室。
54．D 推理判断题。根据Last year，tickets sold our in five days! 一句话可以推断出，人们非常支持这一活动，门票在不到一周的时间内售完。C项有一定干扰性，文章并没有将今年的拍卖所得与以往进行比较。
55．D 猜测词义题。该句话的意思是“先到，先接受服务”，即门票销售实行“谁先到谁先买”的原则。
阅读表达
56．How to create a good impression./ Tips on how to make an introduction．
该题为概括性试题。本篇文章给出了如何在人际交往中留下好的印象，尤其是进行介绍时的一些建议。
57．Many people are not aware of the value of this simple action．
所给句子中的It hasn’t been commonly recognized，minor movement or behavior和significance分别解释了Many people are not aware of。this simple．action和the value。
58．an introduction is based on sex and age／an introduction can be made following the sex and age
根据下文可以判断出该句内容是在进行介绍时应该遵从的一种惯例。
59．Mr. Jones，may I introduce my Chinese friends，Zhang Wei and Hu Min?
本题为开放性试题，要求考生根据问题中所设计的情景，结合文章中所提出的第三、四条建议进行回答。
60．虽然没有人希望会这样，但这的确是每个人都会遇到的情况。
要注意句子中does起强调作用，应在翻译中体现出来。
写作
One possible version：
（一）
Dear friends，
As we all know，We are what we eat．Therefore，it’s a very important for us to form healthy eating habits，However．bad eating habits are still very common among US students．Some of us often go to school without breakfast：some like to have snacks；some others are particular about food；and still some eat or drink too much．All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health．
To keep fit，we should have various healthy diets，which generally include proper amounts of fish，meat，vegetables，fruit as well as main food．Besides，we’d better have meals regularly．
In my Opinion．we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body．Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better．
That’s all．Thank you!
（二）
Boys and girls,
Attention please!
In order to enrich our school life, the students' union has decided to organize a singing contest. The singing contest is going to be held in the school's auditorium at 2 pm on May 22nd. All the students in Grade one are welcome to this activity. Those who want to take part in the contest are requested to prepare the Karaoke or the instruments by yourselves. Besides, you are supposed to give the performances in less than 3minutes. Please try your best and get ready in time.
Wish you success!
附加题
I. 1. A。这个句子在上段结尾，是承上启下的句子，下文说了几个童话故事，因此选项A符合题意，其中these fairies 对应上文提到的fairies。
2. G。这个句子是美人鱼故事的结束句，应该选G，注意选项中的a merrow。
3. C。从下文“人片刻不看它，矮妖就会消失”可以看出，矮妖很狡猾，所以选C（它比看上去要狡猾的多）。
4. F。此段讲的是Brownies，上句为“如果给小精灵衣服作为礼物，他就会永远消失，下一句选F，交代为什么小精灵消失了。主语两个句子中的关键词“clothes”。
5. E。从下文看海豹仙女找到了海豹皮就会返回大海，离开她的人类丈夫和孩子，由此可知应该选E：相反，她必须服从养她的人，经常会嫁给他。
II. 1. 第2句：supposing改成supposed。be supposed to do 应该做某事。
2. 第2句：watch改成watching。介词about后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
3. 第3句：lives改成life。life是不可数名词，表示“生活”。
4. 第4句：as改成than。与前面的比较级quicker和more convenient一起构成比较。
5. 第5句：vividly改成vivid。用形容词修饰名词pictures。
6. 第5句：was改成is。上下文都说的是一般状况，用一般现在时。
7. 第6句：However改成So/ Therefore/ Thus
8. 第6句：students后加to。forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事。
9. 第8句：in the front of中删除the。in front of 在……前面；in the front of 在……的前部。
10. 第9句：you改成we。