（人教版）高中英语必修4：Unit 4 Body languag话题语言应用--“跨文化交际”写作训练

话题语言应用-跨文化交际
语言积累
交际用语
1. 禁止和警告（prohibition and warning）
Always stay … 始终保持…… Do not… 不要…… Stop! 不要！
Keep away from … 远离…… Go away. 走开。 Don’t enter here. 别进来。
Watch out! 当心！ Look out! 当心！ Be careful when … 当……时，小心
Be quiet. 安静。 Come here. 过来。
You may not … 你不可以/可能不…… You’ll be fined (200) yuan. 要罚款（200）元。
Don’t smoke here. 此处禁止吸烟。 Be careful! Don’t slip. 小心点！别滑倒。
2. 义务和责任（Obligation）
You must… 你必须…… You should never … 你不应该……
You’ll have to … 你将不得不…… You’ll need to … 你将需要……
话题词句1
Let’s examine how body communicates, from head to toe
HEAD







话题词句2
Knowledge about language 有关语言
1. Language, in its sense, is a way information is transmitted (传输). It can be spoken or seen.
2. How many languages are there in the world?
6912 (39,431 distinct有区别的 names of languages, dialects, and alternate names)
3. Emoticons 情感符：a special Internet language, eg. :-( stands for sadness
4. Sign language 手势语
5. Facial expressions 面部表情 Eye contact 视觉接触
6. Braille 布莱叶盲文, invented by a Frenchman, is a language for blind people.
7. Gestures：a movement of the hands, arms or head, etc. to express an idea or feeling
1）Two people clap their hands together in the air. 击掌---To encourage or congratulate each other
2）A person pats another on the back. 拍另一人背---To say that something is well done
3）A person kisses another person on both cheeks. 吻双颊 --- To greet or welcome people
4）A person folds his arms across his chest. 双臂交叉于胸前 ---
To show irritation 恼怒, disagreement or nervousness
8. Animal language
Like human beings, animals need to communicate with each other to survive. They do not speak to each other in the same way as we do; instead they use many different sounds and actions to express themselves. For example, bees make a buzzing noise, lions and bears growls, cats miaow, and dogs bark. If you see a cat standing with its back arched (拱起), head lowered or legs bent, it could be scared. If a dog growls at you, it probably is angry and you should be careful. Animal language is simpler than human language, but it shows how intelligent animals are.
拓展阅读
最常见的肢体语言及背后的暗示
Communication can be fascinating. For most, the exchange of information begins and ends with words. However, there are a lot of other factors to consider. The tone of voice that a phrase is said in can completely change the meaning of the phrase. It can turn insults(侮辱) into jokes and jokes into insults. Another way to tell the true intentions of what someone is saying or doing is to look for body language indicators.
Body language is an interesting concept. The human body makes a lot of unconscious motions depending on the situation. Sometimes, the body language indicators are blatant(公开的) and obvious. If you see someone crying, chances are they’re upset about something. Other times, body language indicators aren’t so obvious. For instance, you may completely miss someone rolling their eyes at you in derision (嘲笑) if they aren’t facing you.
There are so many ways to interpret body language and many, many more body language indicators. Below, we’ll show you some of the most popular indicators. These can be important in almost any communication setting (背景), whether it’s business, relationships, or even meeting someone new.
1. How close are they?
Physical proximity(接近) is a frequently used body language indicator that many people don’t notice. If someone is comfortable with you, they won’t mind sitting or standing near you. So an interesting way to see if someone actually thinks you’re okay is to go brush shoulders with them. If they back away, you have your answer!
2. Downcast (向下的) eyes
We’ll be mentioning a lot of head and eye body language indicators because those are among the most popular and most recognizable(可识别的). One that has been a trend, especially with younger people, is downcast eyes. You’ve seen this, I’ve seen this, and everyone else has too. When someone is unhappy and they try to hide it by, say, smiling, they may betray(泄露) their ruse (计策) by looking downward. This can also be a sign of being uncomfortable or feeling shameful.
3. Restless(不安的，好动的) hands
Have you ever seen someone drumming on a desk or a chair with their fingers? What about people playing drums on their legs? This can be a sign of impatience, restlessness, and even sometimes anger. If you’re lecturing your kids and they’re drumming their fingers on the table, chances are you may not really be getting through to them. When you’re speaking with someone and they’re doing this, it’s time to switch tactics(策略).
4. Restless legs
This is almost exactly the same as restless hands, except it’s the legs. People may cross and uncross their legs over and over again, tap their foot, or even tap their heels. Have you ever seen someone pacing? Restless legs: they’re everywhere! Sometimes, people may have restless legs because of restless leg syndrome, and it may not be associated with a feeling. Or they may have to pee really badly.
5. Arms crossed!
People often misconstrue what crossing arms actually means. People think it means that someone is angry. In fact, it’s actually used as a defensive stance. People who have their arms crossed are unconsciously defending themselves. They may not want to talk anymore or they may be hiding something they don’t want to talk about. But crossing the arms means a person is trying to comfort themselves, meaning they’re uncomfortable.
6. Look up for joy
When an athlete wins a match, scores a point, or does something great, what is the first thing they do? Usually, it’s look straight up. This is a sign of joy, happiness, and relief. It’s true that people can look upward when they’re frustrated, but there are often other indicators that happen before that to show they are frustrated.
7. Surprise!
This one is pretty obvious but we are talking about popular body language indicators. When someone widens their eyes or raises their eye brows, they’re most often surprised or shocked at something. There really aren’t any other reasons why someone widens their eyes. So this one is not only really popular, but really obvious and easy to spot!
8. Clearing your throat
People clear their throat for a variety of reasons. Sometimes you may be ill and you have some stuff stuck back there. However, in a perfectly normal social situation, people often clear their throats when they’re nervous or anxious. If you’re watching a stand-up comic and no one is laughing at their jokes, you’ll often see them cough or clear their throat into the comic. It has a second use where people use it to show irritation. More often than not, though, they’re using it to show that they are uncomfortable in some capacity.
9. Rubbing your eyes can send mixed messages
If you’re speaking with someone and they remove their glasses, pinch the bridge of their nose, and rub their eyes, they are probably not happy with something you just said. In general use, this body language is used to convey feelings of being tired. This is usually done from a young age, as kids rub their eyes when they’re tired all the time. In adulthood, people who are not happy with something will often use that body language to show it.
10. Staring
So who remembers high school? In high school, most people were either staring or being stared at, so pretty much everyone is familiar with the stare. Believe it or not, there are two reasons why people stare. Attraction is the main one, as a man or woman may frequently gaze at someone they’re attracted to. However, a lesser known second reason people stare is for dominance. If you’re staring down someone and they’re staring back, the first to break the stare is considered to be the less dominant one.
写作运用
单元写作指导
表示关心的信件
本单元要求给同学写一封信表示关心。此类作文属于应用文。以下文为例：
Your classmate left very quickly after class, so you want to write to him/her a short letter to ask about what is wrong and whether you can help.
如题目所示，首先要通过表情、行为或其他肢体语言描述朋友离开时的情景；其次提出疑问或猜测，表示对朋友这种异常行为的关注；最后提出帮助，表达自己的关切之情。
写作时应注意下面几点：
1. 确定文体：属于应用文中的书信。
2. 主体时态：文章以一般过去时和一般现在时为主。
3. 主体人称：以第一人称和第二人称为主。
4. 内容要点：①情景描述；②询问理由或做出猜测；③自然的结尾（表示关心或提出帮助）。
写作要求
1. 注意信的格式。
2. 要明确写信的对象。只有对象明确了，表达关切之情的内容才好安排。
3. 语言要亲切、生动，感情要充沛、真挚。
写作步骤：
1. 考虑写信对象：刚才匆忙离开的、可能需要帮助的同学。
2. 考虑语言是正式的，还是非正式的：应该是非正式的，就像与一位朋友交谈的感觉。
3. 正文：
1st paragraph: describe the body language that you noticed
2nd paragraph: ask if something is wrong; perhaps make some guesses
3rd paragraph: offer to help; remind him/her that you are a good friend
4. 词汇收集：
1st paragraph: seem upset, as if, cry, put your head down
2nd paragraph: (has been) ill, do housework, tired
3rd paragraph: come, help with, good friends
语言积累
描述体态语的词语
look sideways 看向一边 blink 眨眼睛 tapping foot 敲地的脚
head down 低着头 white face 脸很白 nod one’s head 点头
shakes side to side 摇头 lean forward 向前屈身 hands in pockets 手插在衣袋里
avoid someone’s eyes 避开别人的眼睛
eyebrows slightly pushed together 皱在一起的眉毛
参考范文：
Dear Lin Pei
I noticed this morning that you seemed very upset. It looked as if you had been crying. When I asked you what was wrong, you put your head down. I’m sorry if I embarrassed (使尴尬) you. I just want to help.
Is there anything wrong? I hear that your mum has been ill and that you are very tired doing all the housework. Is that true?
I would really like to help you if I can. Can I help you with your housework or with your homework? Remember we are good friends.
Yours,
Xiao Ling
单元作文范文
Sample 1
（2018 北京昌平 临川学校期中）假如你是李玲，刘芳是你的好朋友，她两周去北京治病。你给她写封信，询问病情，转达师生对她的问候，希望她安心养病，不要担心功课。字数100—120字左右。
参考范文：
Dear Liu Fang,
It is two weeks since you went to Beijing for medical treatment. I miss you very much. How are things with you? Are you feeling better? The teacher and our classmates ask me to send you their best regards. We all hope you’ll get well and be back soon.
Don’t worry about your health and take it easy. It is nothing serious. You’ve got good doctors and are having good treatment. You are sure to get well soon. Don’t worry about your lessons. And you needn’t worry about your lessons, too, with which all of us will try our best to help you when you are back at school. I’m sure you’ll catch up with us in a very short time.
Best wishes,
Yours ever,
Li Ling
Sample 2
（2018 赣中南五校联合体二模）假如你是某国际学校的学生李龙。最近你班同学就 “国际交往中是否应该多使用身势语”展开辩论，大家意见不一。请你根据以下表格提示写一封信给“时光谈英语”（Time English Editor）报社，并谈谈你的看法。
话题：国际交往中是否应该多使用身势语？
支持派
大多数情况下，身势语可以增加交流的趣味性；身势语可以使人在交流中感觉舒服。
反对派
身势语表达的意思没有语言清晰；很多身势语有自己的文化内涵，容易造成误会。
Your idea
①…
②…
参考范文：
Many people think body language in international exchanges is very useful. They argue that body language, which makes international exchanges more interesting, is easily understood and makes us comfortable. However, some people think that body language should not be used frequently since different countries have different body language. It is likely to be misunderstood and bring us some trouble. Often, body language cannot express a person’s meaning as clearly as words can. As far as I am concerned, body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. We should use body language during international exchanges carefully and in a way that everyone can understand.
巩固练习
语法与词汇知识运用
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．We have friends _______，though we are a developing country．
A．all the same B．all the time C．all our lives D．all over the world
2．—When shall we go to visit her?
—Take your time：I’ll _______ you at your office then．
A．call B．call on C．call at D．call for
3．I don’t like this one．Show me _______．
A．other B．another C．others D．the other
4．Her shouting attracted some _______ glances from other people in the restaurant．
A．strange B．curious C．serious D．anxious
5．—Why haven’t you bought any butter?
—I ______ to but I forgot about it．
A．liked B．wished C．meant D．expected
6．Tom is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well．________．
A．So is Mary B．So does Mary C．So is it with Mary D．So it is with Mary
7．Do you know many man-made satellites ________ space by our scientists since the middle of the twentieth century?
A．have sent into B．were carried into C．have been sent into D．have been brought into
8．She has made up her mind that she will make _______ as her sister has made．
A．as beautiful a kite B．so beautiful a kite
C．as a beautiful kite D．so a beautiful kite
9．We _______ each other the best of luck in the examination．
A．hoped B．wanted C．expected D．wished
10．—_______ Lin Tao has failed in the exam．
—Yes，he is always very lazy．
A．I’ve been told B．I’ve told C．I’m told D．I told
11．Tom was _______ to win the first prize in the competition，but his illness made him miss the chance．
A．possible B．probable C．likely D．maybe
12．—I think the whole class is going on a field trip next Friday．
I’m not sure．_______ has paid the transportation foe．
A．Not everyone B．No one C．None of them D．Neither of us
13．At the meeting they discussed three different ______ to the study of mathematics．
A．approaches B．means C．methods D．ways
14．In order not to _______，he spent the whole night preparing for the speech of next day．
A．lose courage B．lose heart C．lose face D．lose voice
15．It is necessary that you _______ present at the discussion．
A．will be B．are C．should be D．being
16. —Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. (2018福建高考)
—Oh, it's too bad. You ______ have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. should
完成句子。
1. 如果你想取得进步，就要远离安乐窝。
________ out of your comfort zone if you want to _________.
2. 我告诉孩子们远离火。
I told the children to ______________ the fire.
3. 你必须要小心，因为这里到处都是地雷。
You _______________ because there are land mines all over the place.
4. 她因为超速被罚款200元。
She ____________________________ speeding.
5. 我跑着上楼梯时，脚滑了一下，摔倒了。
As I ran up the stairs, my foot ____________.
6. 他需要工作，因为他有个大家庭。
He ________________ as he has a big family.
7. 请向你的朋友杰克转达我的歉意。
Please _________________________ your friend Jack.
8. 他们认为吉姆是他们班最聪明的学生。
They ________________________ in their class.
9. 因为没有通过历史考试你儿子心烦意乱的。
Your son ________ because he failed in a history exam.
10. 他看起来好像已经有好些天没洗澡了。
He looked ___________________ in days.
完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man．College，girls，career，and life itself got in the way．In fact，Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit(追逐) of his 16 ．There，in the rush of his 17 life，Jack had little time to think about the 18 and often no time to spend with his wife and son．He was 19 his future，and nothing could stop him．
Over the 20 ，his mother told him，“Mr. Belser died last night．The funeral is Wednesday.” 21 flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat 22 remembering his childhood days．
“Jack，did you hear me?”
“Oh，sorry，Mom．Yes，I heard you．It’s been so long since I 23 him．I’m sorry，but I 24 thought he died years ago，”Jack said．
“Well，he didn’t 25 you．Every time I saw him he 26 ask how you were，doing．He’d reminisce(回忆) about the many 27 you spent over‘his side of the fence’ as he 28 it，”Mom told him．
“I 29 that old house he lived in．”Jack Said．
“You know，Jack， 30 your father died，Mr. Belser stepped in to 31 you had a man’s influence in your life，”she said．
“He’s the one who taught me carpentry．”he said．“I wouldn’t be in this 32 if it weren’t for him．He spent a lot of time 33 me things he thought were important...Mom，I’ll be there for the 34 ．”Jack said．
As busy as he was，he 35 ．his word．Jack caught the next flight to his hometown．
16．A．wealth B．dreams C．chance D．jobs
17．A．busy B．easy C．healthy D．empty
18．A．present B．future C．past D．state
19．A．worried about B．working on C．thinking about D．caring for
20．A．conversation B．speech C．dinner D．phone
21．A．Memories B．Thoughts C．Ideas D．Views
22．A．nervously B．quietly C．uneasily D．comfortably
23．A．heard of B．wrote to C．thought of D．looked after
24．A．honestly B．sadly C．excitedly D．wrongly
25．A．hear from B．worry about C．forget D．remember
26．A．could B．should C．need D．would
27．A．years B．days C．weeks D．months
28．A．put B．remembered C．mentioned D．translated
29．A．bought B．B sold C．loved D．hated
30．A．before B．after C．upon D．until
31．A．be told B．make sure C．be happy D．become careful
32．A．house B city C．position D．business
33．A．asking B．reminding C．questioning D．teaching
34．A．funeral B meeting C．gathering D．dinner
35．A．remain B．forgot C．kept D．missed
阅读理解
A
She was known to millions as the “Queen of Crime” or the “Duchess(女公爵) of Death”．But surprisingly，she hated violence and blood，and knew nothing of the weapons most often used in murder．“I don’t think I dare，look at a really horrible and damaged body，” Agatha Christie once said．But her pen dared to travel where her eyes would not．In a 50-year writing career，Christie’s murder stories made her the world’s best-known mystery writer．She is outsold only by the Bible(《圣经》)and Shakespeare．
Her works have been turned into films and TV series，and a line of computer games is set to be released over the next six years．
“My grandmother liked to use new ways to reach people who wanted to enjoy her work，”said Christie’s grandson，Mathew Prichard．“Turning her stories into PC games allows us to introduce classic mysteries to new audiences．”
Born in 1890 in England，Christie was educated at home and began her writing career while working as a nurse during World War I．She went on to produce 79 novels and numerous(大量的) short stories，dying at the age of 86．“With her knowledge of murder，Christie could have been a teacher at police academies，”said one fan．
Her first novel，“The Mysterious Affair at Styles”(《斯泰尔斯庄园奇案》)，also introduced Hercule Poirot，a retired Belgian(比利时的) police officer who starred in 30 of her works．Among the most popular are“Murder on the Orient Express”(《东方快车谋杀案》)(1934)，and“Death on the Nile”(《尼罗河上的惨案》)(1937)．
Poirot is a tidy little man with a funny-looking moustache，an egg-shaped head，and a high opinion of himself．He draws conclusions from observing the behavior of those around him，always managing to spot patterns that others cannot see．Poirot has become so famous that someone has even written his biography(传记)，“The Life and Times of Hercule Poirot”．Starring in 17 novels，another Christie character，Miss Marple，is nearly as well known as Poirot．But while the Belgian uses his powers of observation，the old Miss Marple relies on her knowledge of human nature to solve crimes．As she once said，“Human nature is the same everywhere．”
36．Christie’s murder stories ranked the _______ in sale amount．
A．second B．first C．third D．fourth
37．Christie’s stories have been turned into _______ other forms．
A．two B．three C．four D．five
38．Christie’s knowledge of murder was _______．
A．poor B．rich C．limited D．simple
39．Poirot’s SUCCESS lies in his power of _______ while Miss Marple’s success belongs to her knowledge of _______．
A．observation；human nature
B．murder；imagination
C．imagination；murder
D．human nature；observation
B
Zipped into a bag，it looks like a large umbrella．Unfolded，it goes along the street like any other bicycle．
It’s the “A-bike”，the brainchild(脑力劳动的产物) of British inventor Sir Clive Sinclair，who made history．in the 1970s by developing the world’s first pocket calculator．He described his new invention as“the world’s smallest，lightest foldable bicycle”．
“My original thought was that if you could have a bicycle that was dramatically lighter and more firm than the ones that exist today，it would change the way in which bicycles are used，”said Sinclair．
The mini-bike．showed in Singapore last week and set to go on sale worldwide in 2005 at a price of nearly US $300，is built for riders as heavy as 112 kilograms and is height-adjustable(可调整高度的)．It takes about 20 seconds to fold or unfold．
Its wheels are a quarter the size of those on a regular bicycle，but Sinclair promises a smooth ride for most cyclists．“You require no extra energy to ride the A-bike and it can go up to 15 miles per hour(24 kilometers per hour)，”he said．Constructed mainly of plastic，the 5.5-kilogram bicycle folds into a package of less than 0.03 cubic meters(立方米)．
Sinclair also invented the first pocket TV in 1984 and the futuristic C5 electric tricycle in 1985．He said he hoped the bicycle would attract common citizens，officials，campers or anyone needing transport for a short trip and he said the next step for the A-bike was to add an electric motor in a few years．
40．The most important character of this kind of bike is its ______．
A．big size B．light weight C．beautiful appearance D．foldable structure
41．The wheels of a regular bicycle is _______ the size of this kind of bike．
A．four times B．three times C．one-fourth D．one-third
42．This kind of new bike is mainly made of ________．
A．plastic B．packages C．bags D．metal
43．The best title of the text is _______．
A．World’s smallest foldable bicycle arriving
B．A new bike．a large umbrella
C．A foldable bike．a large bag
D．A great inventor of a new bike
44．This kind of new bike hasn’t been fixed with _______．
A．a wheel B．an electric motor
C．pedal D．a hand
C
The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto，California，all have the same chance to use computers as boys，but researchers say，by the time girls get to high school，they may be victims(牺牲品) of what researchers call“a major new gap in technology”．
“Girls are likely to be less comfortable than boys with the computers．They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving rather than discover Hew ways in which to understand information．”
After reexamining a thousand studies，the American Association of University Women Researchers found that girls make up only．a small percentage of students in computer science classes．Girls usually consider themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers．And they use computers less often than boys outside the classroom．
Six years ago，the software company Purple Moon noticed girl’s computer usage was falling behind boys．The number one reason girls told us they don’t like traditional computer games is not because they’re too violent or much too competitive．Girls would say they’re boring．
Purple Moon says it found what girls want：characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what’s going on in their own lives．“But we found from girls that there’s no intrinsic(内在的) reason why they wouldn’t want to play on the computer．It was a just a content thing．”The sponsor(发起人) of the study says：The technology gap that separates girls from boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the Twenty First Century．
45．The American Association of University Women Researchers found _______．
A．girls prefer to solve problems rather than use word processing with the computer
B．girls are lack of ability and confidence in using computers
C．only a small number of girls attend the computer science classes in high school
D．the girls don’t like computer games because they are too violent or competitive
46．According to the study of Purple Moon，computer games aren’t considered _______ by the girls．
A．interesting B．violent C．competitive D．boring
47．If the content of traditional computer games changed．most girls would probably _______．
A．be against them
B．be in favor of them
C．give up using word processing
D．learn computers quickly
48．In the sponsor's opinion．why must the technology gap be got rid of in the 21st century?
A．Because women can have an effective competition．
B．To improve women's social position．
C．For an unknown reason．
D．Because bosses won't look down upon women．
D
STAGE
Keep it in the air：The Chaoyang Theater is one Of the Beijing theaters to present acrobatics(杂技) all year round．Top acrobatic artists invited from all over the country perform for Chinese and foreign tourists．The program contains trick cycling，leaping through hoops and Chinese magic tricks．Some of the artists have won prizes in international competitions．
Time：7:15 p. m. Daily
Place：36，Dongsanhuan Beilu，Chaoyang District
Tel：65072421，65071818
Use your head：Green Hat is a new drama given by a group of young Chinese actors．It’s a rewrite of American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne’s famous novel The Scarlet Letter．It describes the heroine’s great courage in finding the true love against the public disagreement．
Time：7:15 p. m. until March 5，except Mondays
Place：China Children’s Theater
Tel：66037255，66037265
Mix and match：Story of Puppets tells of a fairy，Zixia，who looks for true love in the human world．After watching a puppet play Peony Pavilion，she thinks there must be true love in reality，so she uses magic to turn the puppet characters into humans，wanting to fall in love with the puppet hero．But things don’t go as she planned... Li Liuyi，the director of the play has made several successful attempts to present different traditional operas in one play．This time he combines Peking Opera，Kunqu Opera，and Pingju Opera along with a band，using the structure of modern drama．
Time：7:30 p. m. until March 10，except Mondays
Place：Small Playhouse of Beijing People’s Art Theater
Tel：65250123
Peking Opera：The Beijing Peking Opera．Troupe will give two performances at the Chang’ an Grand Theater．Each performance includes two classical excerpts(选段)．One is Wenxi(a play focusing on singing and dancing)；the other is Wuxi (a play full of acrobatic dancing)．The first night will be The Crossroad and Presenting a Pearl of the Rainbow Bridge．And the second night will see the performance of The Goddess of Heaven Scatte．
Place：Chang’an Grand Theater
Tel：86531043
49．We can learn from the text that ________．
A．Story of Puppets is a play held in China Children’s Theater
B．the artists who have won prizes will perform magic tricks
C．on March 5 there will be two plays for us to choose
D．the artists in the Beijing Peking Opera Troupe are from all over the country
50．If a tourist wants to see a performance on March 15，he can call _______ to book a ticket．
A．86531043 B．65250123 C．66037255 D．65071818
51．According to the text，which of the following statements is true?
A．The director of the Story of Puppets combines different operas init．
B．Green Hat is based on a famous novel acted by some American artists．
C．Top Acrobatic artists will present their performances around our country．
D．The Beijing Peking Opera Troupe will give，two performances with the same excerpts．
E
Head above Water
TUVALU，a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean，has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea．
Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu’s nine little islands is more than five meters above the sea level．Salt water is already entering the country’s drinking water supply，as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables．Without urgent help，the country’s days are numbered．
But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea．Venice，a historic city in Italy best known for its canals，has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years．Experts say that it will have sunk another 20—50cm by 2050．A century ago，St．Mark’s Square，the lowest point city，flooded about nine times a year．Nowadays，it happens more than 100 times．While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands，global warming causes Tuvalu’s rising sea level．
The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century；scientists expect it rise by extra 1—3 degrees over the next 100 years．
Warmer weather makes glaciers(冰川) melt，adding more water to the ocean．The warmer temperatures also make water expand，so it takes up more space，causing the sea level to rise．The sea level has risen about 10—25 cm in the last 100 years．
The main cause of global warming，is human pollution．Through burning coal，oil and gas，people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as CO2．This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect，making the planet even warmer．
Many scientists believe that，if the warming is not stopped，there will be huge climate changes．The sea level could rise by one meter this century．
Should this come true—the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with“climate refugees”，looking for somewhere to live?
52．We can infer from the second paragraph that _______．
A．Tuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the sea
B．all Tuvalu’s islands are about five meters above the sea level
C．drinking water in Tuvalu—has been destroyed
D．Tuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves
53．The author uses Tuvalu and Venice as examples in order to explain _______．
A．they are the first place sinking into the sea
B．they are both sinking into the mud where they stand
C．they will disappear in the future
D．their trouble is caused by global warming
54．Put the following events in the right order．
a．Glaciers began to melt．
b．People burn coal，oil and gas．
c．The greenhouse effect is growing．
d．The earth is getting warmer and warmer．
e．The sea level is rising．
f．More C02 is produced．
g．Many places are sinking into the sea．
A．d，f，b，c，a，e，g B．b，f，e，d，e，a，g
C．f，c，b，d，a，e，g D．b，f，c，d，a，e，g
55．What does“climate refugees” mean?
A．People who are forced away from their homeland by climate．
B．Climate changes．
C．Rare animals．
D．Climate effect．
阅读表达
There’s nothing wrong with turning your hobby into a business．We’re supposed to enjoy our work, right? Just turn something we already enjoy into our career．Whether you’re into painting or building furniture，you know you feel proud of the result of your efforts．
However，you should first explore the concept and do your market research and other planning．Don’t forget to consider what your day-to-day work life would look like．
There is one very positive aspect of doing a business plan _______．You may be highly motivated to do some planning and research，since this relates to an activity you know well and enjoy，and you therefore may be more likely to do the necessary planning．This is a big plus! And once you see how to do this research，you may be more likely to do it for other ideas you will come up with．
Something I’ve learned over the years is that creating a business out of the first few ideas you come up with isn’t a good goal．If you are brainstorming ideas for your new career path，I suggest you list lots of ideas and choose one or two that have the most potential to explore，as well as those that really draw you in．
The evolution of your ideas is the best reason to explore those first ideas．The hest careers come from exploring the first ideas and finding out what will，and what won’t，work for you．Make sure the business plan you are creating based on your hobby should be one that you will enjoy and that will add to your quality of life．Then start with your hobby，and enjoy the adventure of finding out where you will end up!
56．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? (Please answer within 10 words．)
____________________________________________________________
57．Which sentence in the passage is closest in meaning to the following one?
Make sure you have taken the future of your daily work life into consideration．
____________________________________________________________
58．Fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)
____________________________________________________________
59．What kind of business do you intend to start in the future?
Why?(Please answer within 40 words．)
____________________________________________________________
60．Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into
Chinese．
____________________________________________________________
语法填空
（2018 广东揭阳一中阶段考试）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
A young man and an old man were waiting for a bus. __1__ sat next to each other. “What’s that in your bag?” asked the young man, pointing to a big bag beside the old man.
“Gold. There was nothing but gold,” answered the old man. The young man could not believe his own ears and was __2__ great surprise. Then he began to think about __3__ to get the money. The old man was very tired and it seemed that he could hardly keep his eyes open. After a while the old man __4__ (lie) down on the chair and fell asleep.
The young man took __5__ big bag gently and quietly. But when he was just about to run away, he found a corner of his fur coat was under the old man’s body. Several times he tried to pull it out, __6__ in vain（徒劳）. At last he took off his coat, __7__ (think) that the gold in the bag must cost far more than his fur coat.
Worried but __8__ (delight), the young man ran out of the station as quickly as his legs could carry him, until he reached a place __9__ he thought the old man couldn’t find him. He stopped and __10__ (quick) opened the bag but he just found a great many of small stones in it. Then he ran back to the station hurriedly only to find that the old man was gone.
书面表达
（2018 广东揭阳一中阶段考试）
假如你叫李刚，你的好友Lisa来信告诉你她正在减肥。请你根据下面信息，给她写一封回信。
已收到她的邮件，并得知了她的近况；
祝贺她减肥取得了明显的效果，为她感到高兴；
你的建议：
1. 不必在在意自己的身体，只要健康就行；
2. 注意平衡饮食，多吃水果和蔬菜；
3. 多做运动，保持苗条身材；
4. 祝愿她身体健康，生活愉快。
答案解析
语法与词汇知识运用
1．D 句意：尽管我们是一个发展中国家，但我们的朋友遍天下。all over the world的意思是“全世界”。
2．D 句意：——我们什么时间去看望她?——别着急，到时候我去你办公室找你。本题考查词义辨析。call有“喊某人；给某人打电话”的意思；call on，call at的意思是“拜访”，on后跟人作宾语，at后跟地点作宾语；call for的意思是“到某人的地方去接”。
3．B 句意：我不喜欢这一个，给我再拿一个。another在这里等于another one，意思是“另一个”。other后跟复数名词；others为复数；the other的意思是“(两个中的)另外的一个”，因此都不合题意。
4．B 句意：她的喊叫吸引了餐馆里别人不解的目光。四个选项中，strange奇怪的，不可思议的；curious好奇的，不解的；serious严肃的；anxious焦急的。
5．C 句意：一你为什么没买点儿黄油呢?——我本打算买，但是忘了。本题考查动词在语义和使用上的区别。mean的过去式为meant，在此意为“打算”。meant to表示“本打算，然而没有做成”，符合题意。
6．D 句意：汤姆来自加拿大，并且汉语说得很好。玛丽也是如此。本题考查了so位于句首的用法。so位于句首，表达“也是如此”的概念。前面句子的谓语分别是is与speaks，是系动词与行为动词，因此so后面用is和用does都不合适。so it is with表示“也是如此”，符合题意。
7．C 句意：自从二十世纪中期以来我们的科学家已经把很多人造卫星送进了太空，你知道吗?从后面的since短语判断，应该用现在完成时。send...into的意思是“将……发射进入……”，man-made satellites应该是“被发射”，故本题选C。
8．A 句意：她已经下定决心要做一个跟她姐姐做的一样漂亮的风筝。本题考查as...as的用法。因为是在肯定句中，排除B、D。as...as中间如果是可数名词单数并且有形容词修饰，要将形容词放在不定冠词的前面。
9．D 句意：我们彼此祝愿在考试中有好运气。表达“祝愿”的有hope和wish两个。hope后面可以跟不定式或从句作宾语，也可以用hope for的形式，然而hope后面不可以跟宾补，如不可以说I hope you to come early tomorrow．而wish后面可以跟宾补。在本句中the best of luck...为名词短语作宾补。
10．A句意：——有人告诉我林涛考试没及格。——是的，他总是很懒。本题考查现在完成时的被动语态。首先判断用被动语态。I’m told是现在的情况，而tell是终止性动词，可排除C项，因此答案为A，表示“我现在已经知道”这种结果。
11．C 句意：汤姆有可能在竞赛中获得一等奖，但是他生病了，这让他失去了得奖的机会。此处需要一个形容词，而maybe是副词，可排除。由于本句是人作主语，故只能选likely。
12．A 句意：——我觉得全班下周五要去参加一个野外旅行。——我不确定，并非每个人都付了交通费用。B项与C项为全部否定，意思一样，都表示“没有一个人”，故排除；D项为“两者都不”，不符合语境；A项表示部分否定，意为“不是所有人”，符合上下文语境，故选A。
13．A 句意：在会议上他们讨论了学习数学的三种不同方法。考查名词词义辨析。approach与to连用，表示“……的方法”；means意为“方式”，不可与to连用；method与with搭配；way则与of连用，和to连用时。to为不定式，不是介词。
14．B 句意：为了不泄气，他花了整个晚上准备第二天的演讲。考查动词短语的辨析。lose courage丧失勇气；lose heart泄气，灰心；lose(one’s) face丢脸，丢人；lose voice失声。
15．C 句意：你有必要参加这个讨论。考查特殊句型It is necessary that...的用法，后面应用should do进行虚拟。
16. D 句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。情态动词+have done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”，符合题意。在肯定句中一般不可以用can+have done；must+have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句，其否定形式“cannot have done”
完成句子。
1. Always stay; make progress 2. keep away from 3. have to watch out/look out
4. was fined 200 yuan for 5. slipped and I fell 6. needs to work
7. convey my apologies to 8. consider Jim (to be) the cleverest boy
完形填空
[语篇解读] Jack是一个非常忙的生意人，每天都在为未来奔波着，因此忽略了家人与朋友。有一天母亲打来电话说他最好的朋友死了，葬礼即将举行，这时他才意识到自己失去了太多，于是他赶紧赶第二天的飞机回家乡去。
16．B 联系下文He was 19 (working on) his future，and nothing could stop him．可知，他在追逐梦想。
17．A 联系后文Jack had little time to think about the 18 (past) and often no time to spend with his wife and son．可知，他过着繁忙的生活。
18．C 联系空前的Jack had little time to think about可知，因为一直在为未来打算，他很少有时间为过去考虑。
19．B 联系前文的in pursuit(追逐) of his 16 (dreams)以及空后的future可知，他在为未来奔忙着。其他选项中，worry about担心；think about考虑；care for在乎。
20．D 联系下文Jack与母亲的对话可知，他们通过电话交谈，因此用over the phone。
21．A 联系空后的flashed through his mind可知，童年的记忆就像纪录片一样在他的脑海中显现。其他选项表达看法与观点，因此可以排除。
22．B 过去的一切在脑海中显现，此时他应该是静静地坐在那里，而不是紧张不安地，不自然地或者舒服地。
23．C 因为他一直忙着自己的生意，因此好久没有想起自己的朋友了。其他选项中，hear of听说；write to写信；look after照料，这些都不及think of能表达Jack had little time to think about the 18(past)。
24．A “说实话，我原以为他几年前就死了。”D项有一定干扰性，I thought本身表达的就不是现实的事情，因此不用wrongly。
25．C 母亲将Mr. Belser与Jack进行比较，Jack忘记了自己的朋友，而Mr. Belser没有忘记Jack。联系空后的“每次见了Jack的母亲都会问起Jack”也可以得此答案。
26．D would在这里表达过去的习惯。
27．B 联系空后的you spent over‘his side of the fence’可知，他仍记得在一起的时光，因此用days最贴切。
28．A as he put it意思是“如他所陈述的”，put在这里的意思是“表达”。
29．C 联系前文的over‘his side of the fence’可知，这句话引起了Jack对Mr. Belser的房子的美好回忆，因此他喜欢Mr. Belser家的房子。
30．B 在Jack父亲死后，Mr. Belser经常过来，表达了他对Jack的关心。
31．B 空后的you had a man’s influence in your life是他要确定的。C项有一定干扰性，to make sure表达了Mr. Belser对Jack的关爱，而to be happy只是对已经出现了的结果的态度。
32．D 联系前文的He’s the one who taught me carpentry可知，因为Mr. Belser教会了Jack木工，他才有了现在的生意。
33．D 联系前文的who taught me carpentry可以得此答案。
34．A 联系前文的The funeral is Wednesday．可知，Jack要求参加Mr. Belser的葬礼。
35．C 联系下文Jack caught the next flight to his hometown．我们知道，Jack遵守了自己的诺言。
阅读理解
A
[语篇解读]以女性特有的敏锐，阿加莎·克里斯蒂让我们流连在一个又一个惊险的悬疑故事里。
36．C 推理判断题。由第一段末句可推出答案。注意不要受...Christie’s murder stories made her the world’s best，known mystery writer．的影响而错选B。
37．B 细节理解题。由第二段Her works have been turned into films and TV series，and a line of computer games is set to be released over the next six years．可知答案。
38．B 推理判断题。由第四段“With her knowledge of murder，Christie could have been a teacher at police academies，”said one fan．可以推出答案。
39．A 细节理解题。由最后一段But while the Belgian uses his powers of observation，the old Miss Marple relies on her knowledge of human nature to solve crimes．可知答案。D项是最容易错选的，我们要分析好observation与human nature分别对她的作品的影响。
B
[语篇解读]本文介绍了一种即将上市的新型折叠式自行车的与众不同之处。
40．D 推理判断题。由第二段He described his new invention as “the world’s smallest，lightest foldable bicycle”．可以推出答案。B项具有干扰性，本文讲述了一种可折叠的自行车，因此其特点是可折叠，而不是轻便。
41．A 推理判断题。由第五段Its wheels are a quarter the size of those on a regular bicycle可知，传统自行车车轮大小是这种新自行车车轮的四倍。
42．A 细节理解题。由第五段Constructed mainly of plastic，the 5.5-kilogram bicycle folds into a package of less than 0.03 cubic meters．可知答案。B项有一定的干扰性，从the 5.5-kilogram bicycle folds into a package of less than 0.03 cubic meters．可知，package是放折叠自行车的地方。
43．A 主旨大意题。认真阅读分析原文不难发现，本文自始至终介绍一种即将上市的新型折叠式自行车的与众不同之处，因此以World’s smallest foldable bicycle arriving为题既具有高度的概括性、强烈的针对性，、又因口吻激动、催人奋进而具有一定的醒目性。D项干扰性最大，great inventor的中心词是inventor，是介绍人，而本文是介绍一种折叠车。
44．B 细节理解题。由最后一段the next step for the A-bike was to add an electric motor in a few years可知答案。这种自行车与普通自行车的结构是一样的，只是多了折叠这种功能，因此可排除其他选项。
C
[语篇解读] 全文讲述了男女生在使用电脑上的差异。实验表明：逐渐地，女生失去了电脑游戏等方面的兴趣，因此在电脑方面的人才多是男生。女生应该有意识地发展这方面的能力，以扩大自己的竞争力。
45．C 细节理解题。从第三段…the American Association of University Women Researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes．可以得此答案。A项有悖于文章原意，原文内容是女孩用计算机更多的是进行文字处理，而不是用于解决问题；B项错误在于女孩自己认为缺乏信心与能力，实际上并非如此；D项不符合文章内容，女孩不喜欢电脑游戏不是因为这些游戏太暴力或富于竞争，而在于这些游戏无聊。
46．A 细节理解题。由第四段The number one reason girls told us they don’t like traditional computer games is not because they’re too violent or much too competitive．Girls would say they’re boring．得此答案。
47．B 推理判断题。女孩不喜欢传统电脑游戏是电脑内容的问题，如果内容改变，增加与她们生活相关的内容，她们会支持的。其他答案均有一定的干扰性，女生不喜欢电脑游戏的原因是她们觉得内容枯燥，因此如果改变内容，她们会喜欢的。
48．A 推理判断题。文章最后一句The technology gap that separates girls from boys must be closed表明：如果女性要在21世纪与男性进行有效竞争，必须弥补技术鸿沟。B项具有干扰性，电脑是21世纪的必须，因此学会了电脑会增加女性的竞争力，而不是提高她们的社会地位。
D
[语篇解读] 这是四则广告，主要介绍了北京朝阳剧院的杂技节目、中国儿童剧院的戏剧《绿帽子》、北京人民艺术剧院的《木偶戏》和长安大剧院的京剧节目播出的相关信息。
49．C 细节理解题。由广告二、广告三可知这两个剧院在三月五号都有演出，故有两个剧可选择。Story of Puppets是在北京人民艺术剧院演出而不是中国儿童剧院，故选项A不正确；由广告一可知参加演出的一些演员获过奖，而不是这些节目由获过奖的人演出，故选项B不正确；广告四并未提及京剧演出者来自全国各地，故选项D不正确。
50．D 细节理解题。在March 15继续举行演出的只有广告一中所提到的杂技节目，因为演出是每天晚上7:15(7:15 p. m. Daily)。此题的关键是3月15日，因此可排除其他时间演出的电话。
51．A 细节理解题。由广告三可知Story of Puppets将融合京剧(Peking Opera)，昆曲(Kunqu Opera)，评剧(Pingju Opera)等，故选项A正确。从Green Hat is a new drama given by a group of young Chinese actors．可以排除B；从Top acrobatic artists invited from all over the country perform for Chinese and foreign tourists．可排除C；从The first night will be The Crossroad and Presenting a Pearl of the Rainbow Bridge．And the second night will see the performance of The Goddess of Heaven Scatte．可排除D。
E
[语篇解读] Tuvalu是太平洋上的一个小国，现在它面临着被海水吞没的危险，因为它的岛屿海拔很低，风暴与海浪已经吞没了它的淡水与田地，遭受同等厄运的还有其他一些国家与城市。
52．A 推理判断题。从文章第二段Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu’s nine little islands is more than five meters above the sea level．Salt water is already entering the country’s drinking water supply，as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables．可以得此推论。B项说所有的岛屿都在海平面5米以上，不准确；C项说海水已经把国家的淡水破坏，也不准确；从Storms and huge waves are a constant threat可知，风暴与巨大的海浪威胁着这个国家，但是这并不能说明这个国家经常被淹没，因此排除D。
53．D 作者意图推断题。文章首先列举了世界上几个濒临危险的海中国家与城市，接下来讲述了全球变暖的情况，以此说明由于污染导致全球变暖的危害。C项有一定的干扰性，作者运用这个事例的目的不是说明它们很快就会被海水淹没，而是说明全球变暖的危险。
54．D 排序题。首先是人们因为燃烧煤、石油、天然气而导致了污染，因此答案在B、D项之间选，然后排e，a的顺序，显然a发生在e前。
55．A 猜测词义题。联系the sea will swallow up millions of homes以及looking for some where to live可以得此答案。B项意思是“气候变化”，C项意思是“稀有动物”，D项意思是“气候影响”，与气候难民差别很大。
阅读表达
56．It is to encourage people to develop hobbies into business．
作者意图推断题。全文讲述了如何把我们的爱好变成生意。关键词：encourage，develop/turn，hobbies，business
57．Don’t forget to consider what your day-to-day work life would look like．
把握给出句子的taken the future of your daily work life就可以找到原句。
58．based on your hobby
联系文章的第一句There’8 nothing wrong with turning your hobby into a business．可以得出答案。
59．Any answer is OK．在回答本题时我们要选择自己熟悉的事情，因为这样我们很容易回答why。
Sample：
I intend to run a bookstore throughout the country．Because as a bookworm，I have benefited enormously from reading—it gives me insights，equips me with invaluable ability and further perfects me．
60．有一点必须明确，基于个人爱好所做的生意规划应该是你所喜爱的，并且能够提高你的生活质量。you are creating为定语从句，based on your hobby为过去分词短语作定语，one后面跟了两个定语从旬，翻译时要注意。
语法填空
1. They 2. in 3. how 4. lay 5. the 6. but 7. thinking 8. delighted
9. where 10. quickly
书面表达
One possible version：
Dear Lisa，
I’ve already received your email and got to know how things are going on with you recently. I’m really happy to know about what you’ve achieved in losing weight and I’d like to congratulate you on your achievement. However, I’d like to suggest you that you shouldn’t care too much about your figure as long as you are healthy. Also, you ought to keep a balanced diet and eat more vegetables and fruits as well as take more exercise to keep slim. Hopefully, you can have a strong body and enjoy a happy life every day!
Yours,
Li Gang