Unit5 Canada—“The True North”语法篇
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要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法---名词性从句中的同位语从句。
一、同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释和说明前面的名词的内容。后面常接同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message，doubt ，belief ，thought， certainty ，truth ，question， reason， reply， possibility，suggestion。
二、同位语从句在句中的位置
1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后
面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
E.g. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
E.g. I've come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做间隔式同
位语从句。
E.g. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
E.g. The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。
三、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。
E.g. Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？
E.g. Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.
答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。
E.g. Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.
消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。
四、同位语从句连接词的选用
引导同位语从句的词有连词that，whether、连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等
1.由that, whether引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词只起引导作用，不在从句中作任何成分
E.g. We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
E.g. They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
E.g. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
E.g. I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
E.g. He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
E.g. There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
E.g. The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。
E.g. We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意1】若被同位语从句修饰的名词是下列名词时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气即“should+do”,should常常省略常常可省略。这些词有：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word等。
E.g. They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。
E.g. They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
E.g. The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
E.g. The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
E.g. He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
【注意3】表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether 而不用if引导同位语从句。
E.g. I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her.
我不知道你是否有兴趣为她工作。
E.g. We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。
【注意4】在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。
E.g. We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
E.g. There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。
2.由连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。
E.g. I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
E.g. It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。
E.g. He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
E.g. You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急！
E.g. Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
E.g. I have no idea which one I should choose.我不知道该选哪一个。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别：
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea/ fact/news/ hope /belief/ suggestion/ proposal/ word /thought/doubt/truth/possibility/promise/order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
E.g. The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)
E.g. We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)
E.g. Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)
E.g. Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。
(定语从句)
E.g. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。(定语从句)
E.g. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。
(定语从句,代词all作先行词)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。
E.g. The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
E.g. The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)
E.g. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)
E.g. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。
E.g. That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句)
E.g. I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略
that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。
E.g. The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)
E.g. The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)
用中文举个例子
1.我不相信他是小偷的事实（同位）
“事实”同“他是小偷”是同一件事情
2.我不相信他告诉我的事实
“事实”同“他告诉我”不是同一件事
1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
2. (2014浙江绍兴一中期中))Even if there is no scientific proof ______second-hand smoking causes cancer, there is no reason why nonsmokers should be forced to take this risk.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
3. (2014四川成都摸底)Don’t worry! There is still a great chance ______we can make up for the lost time.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
4.( 2014四川石室中学期中)There are some warnings in some countries ______over exploitation of underground water has caused the decline of wetland and the increase of desertification.
______ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
5. ( 2014吉林长春期中)There is solid evidence______ watching 3D movies can have side effects on the viewers.
A. what B. that C. which D. how
基础演练
1. _______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
2. ---It’s thirty years since we last met.
---But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. What
4. ---Could you do me a favor?
---It depends on _______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
5. Doris' success lies in the fact _______ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
6. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
7. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
8. ---Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else _______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
9. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
10. Danny left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
巩固提高
1. Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
2. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
4. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
5. We haven’t settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
6. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
7. There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
8. Please remind me _______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
9. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _______we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
10. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
1. _______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
2. I just wonder _______ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
3. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
6. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _______ it had been in the morning.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
7. I’d like to work with _______ is honest and easy to get on with.
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who
8. When you are reading, make a note of _______ you think is of great importance.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
9. ---Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
---It all depends on _______ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
10. It is the third time ___late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
11. It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. in which D. when
12. Is it in that factory _____”Red Flag” cars are made?
A. in which B. where C. that D. which
13. Is the lab ___the foreigners visited yesterday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
14. What especially impressed us was the way ____our teacher studied foreign language.
A / B which C by which D what
15. Mr. Green is an Australian, ________ I know from his accent.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
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阅读
C
Four Simple Keys to Transform Your Life
The Power of Choice. Every one of us makes countless choices every day. Every choice we make has an impact on our lives. Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience and how we feel. When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious snack, or we can choose the sugar high of junk food. The more important the decision, the greater its effect. For instance, how do I act towards that person who treated me badly? Do I generally choose to be passive, or do I actively set clear intentions and create what I want in my life? Every choice we make, however big or small, affects us in some way.
How Do You Make Choices? If you are interested in living a richer, fuller life, there is a foundation upon which you can base all of your decisions which can make life better not only for you, but also for those around you. This foundation is to choose based on what's best for all. Imagine a world where every parent, spouse（配偶）, friend, teacher, businessperson, and politician truly did their best to choose what's best for all involved in every decision they made We would certainly live in a more caring, supportive world.
It's the Intention." But how do I know what is really best?" you might ask. The answer is simple. It doesn't matter. What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice. What matters is that whatever decision you make, you are clear in your intention of choosing based on what's best for all. If it later turns out that you made what appears to have been a bad choice, there's no need for guilt. Knowing that you did your best to choose with a sincere desire for what's best for all, your conscience stays clear and open. This then allows you to more easily learn from your mistakes, and to live with a clear heart and mind.
What's Best for Me, Too! Choosing what's best does not mean you have to always sacrifice yourself for others. An overly(过度的) exhausted mother can lose her temper easily. Some time off for this mother might seem selfish, yet in the long run, it can help her to be a better mother to her children. So as we move through each day of our lives, let us remember to include ourselves as we do our best to choose what's best for all.
1. Which of the following is FALSE?
A. Whenever hunger strikes, we will reach for a junk snack.
B. Every choice, however big or small, has an influence on us.
C. Even small choices affect how we feel.
D. We make choices every day.
2. How should we make choices?
A .To be interested in a richer, fuller life.
B. To make life better for ourselves.
C. To imagine a world where everyone did their best.
D. To choose based on what's best for all.
3. Why does the author say, "What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice"?
A. Because the choice you make is not important.
B. Because you may have made a bad choice.
C. Because this allows you to stay clear and improve.
D. Because there is no need for guilt.
4. How to choose what is best for us?
A. We need to devote all our life to others.
B. We need to put away some time for ourselves.
C. We need to sacrifice ourselves for others.
D. We need to be selfless every minute.
D
In October on the east coast of Australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes, but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. Then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or “footprint” on the surface to show where they had been.
One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon was deserted. There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max's new, highly sensitive hydrophone(水中听音器)and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the singing of whales.
It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding(养育)grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.
It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune(曲调)and quickly adopt any new songs they hear.
5. Which finding about whales is beyond the writer's expectation?
A. The little puffs. B. The songs of whales.
C. The traveling speed of whales. D. The depth of the whale's dive.
6. What do we know about Max?
A. He likes whales very much. B. He is a brave scientist on whales.
C. He is an experienced man in finding whales. D. He is an expert in making hydrophones.
7. The writer's main purpose of looking for whales is______.
A. carrying out research on whales B. studying the beautiful songs of whales
C. making films about whales D. hunting whales for research
二、书面表达
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象 向中学生征文 ，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：
主要原因：1.考试太多、偏难；2. 不用功、懒惰；3.取悦父母。
个人看法：1.作弊不对，违反校规；2.要诚实；努力学习。3.其他看法。
注意：1．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2．短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3．词数：100左右。 参考词汇：作弊cheat (v.)
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
三、七选五
How to Turn Your Child into a Lifelong Bookworm
Literacy is one of the most important skills we will ever develop over our lifetimes. Most small children love books, looking at the pictures and hearing the story, but as they get older they often move away from books. 1
Join the library
Libraries have changed a lot in recent years. 2 Take your child regularly and encourage them to take out books on whatever subject interests them.
Not just novels
Many parents think that reading counts if the child is reading a work of fiction or a novel. 3 Non-fiction books are particularly attractive to boys. Kids especially love the sorts of books which allow them to make a decision between various paths and choose their own endings.
Set an example
If your child never sees you reading, they aren’t going to pick up a book either. 4 Having plenty of books around the house makes reading more accessible and the normal thing to do when bored. If you struggle with reading and literacy, do something about it by going back to college or attending a special adult literacy course.
Make their own books
If your child dislikes reading, think about encouraging them to start writing their own stories and novels. Buy them a special notebook. Allow them to write whatever captures their imagination, and don’t worry too much about messy handwriting or poor spelling. 5
A. So how do you keep your kids interested in books?
B.As long as a child is reading, it doesn’t matter what they are reading.
C. Libraries will have a great range of books for children.
D. There are newspapers printed especially for children.
E. Reading and writing are often thought of as two separate issues.
F. The idea is to cause an interest in books, reading and fiction, and the rest will develop over time.
G.Next time pick up a newspaper or a book and encourage your child to sit with you and read too.
Unit5 Canada—“The True North”语法篇
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要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法---名词性从句中的同位语从句。
一、同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释和说明前面的名词的内容。后面常接同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message，doubt ，belief ，thought， certainty ，truth ，question， reason， reply， possibility，suggestion。
二、同位语从句在句中的位置
1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后
面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
E.g. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
E.g. I've come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做间隔式同
位语从句。
E.g. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
E.g. The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。
三、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。
E.g. Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？
E.g. Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.
答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。
E.g. Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.
消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。
四、同位语从句连接词的选用
引导同位语从句的词有连词that，whether、连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等
1.由that, whether引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词只起引导作用，不在从句中作任何成分
E.g. We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
E.g. They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
E.g. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
E.g. I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。
E.g. He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
E.g. There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
E.g. The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。
E.g. We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意1】若被同位语从句修饰的名词是下列名词时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气即“should+do”,should常常省略常常可省略。这些词有：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word等。
E.g. They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。
E.g. They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
E.g. The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
E.g. The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
E.g. He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
【注意3】表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether 而不用if引导同位语从句。
E.g. I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her.
我不知道你是否有兴趣为她工作。
E.g. We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。
【注意4】在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。
E.g. We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
E.g. There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。
2.由连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等引导的同位语从句。此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。
E.g. I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
E.g. It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。
E.g. He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
E.g. You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急！
E.g. Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
E.g. I have no idea which one I should choose.我不知道该选哪一个。
五、同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别：
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea/ fact/news/ hope /belief/ suggestion/ proposal/ word /thought/doubt/truth/possibility/promise/order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
E.g. The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)
E.g. We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)
E.g. Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)
E.g. Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。
(定语从句)
E.g. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。(定语从句)
E.g. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。
(定语从句,代词all作先行词)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。
E.g. The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
E.g. The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)
E.g. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)
E.g. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。
E.g. That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句)
E.g. I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略
that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。
E.g. The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)
E.g. The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)
用中文举个例子
1.我不相信他是小偷的事实（同位）
“事实”同“他是小偷”是同一件事情
2.我不相信他告诉我的事实
“事实”同“他告诉我”不是同一件事
1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
解析：根据句意“唯一能在最高级别（体育竞赛中）胜出的方法就是完全相信在运动场上你比其他任何人都优秀。”本题空格处引导的句子作belief的同位语，故用that。
答案：B。
2. (2014浙江绍兴一中期中))Even if there is no scientific proof ______second-hand smoking causes cancer, there is no reason why nonsmokers should be forced to take this risk.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
解析：根据句意“即使没有科学证据表明吸二手烟会致癌，也没有理由让不吸烟的人们被迫去冒这种危险”此处proof 后是同位语从句，说明proof的内容，而同位语从句意思完整，不缺少成分，所以用that引导。
答案：B。
3. (2014四川成都摸底)Don’t worry! There is still a great chance ______we can make up for the lost time.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
解析：根据句意“不要担心！还有我们弥补失去时间的极好机会。”结合语境可知“we can make up for the lost time”为同位语从句，引导词在句子中不承担句子成分，只起连接作用。
答案：B。
4.( 2014四川石室中学期中)There are some warnings in some countries ______over exploitation of underground water has caused the decline of wetland and the increase of desertification.
______ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
解析：根据句意“在一些国家有一些警告，过分开采地下水已经导致湿地的减少和沙漠化的增加。”这里横线后面是同位语从句，说明warnings的内容，因为同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，用that连接，that不担当任何成分，只起到连接的作用，但是也不能省略。
答案：D。
5. ( 2014吉林长春期中)There is solid evidence______ watching 3D movies can have side effects on the viewers.
A. what B. that C. which D. how
解析：根据句意“有确凿的证据表面，看3D电影对观众可能有不良的影响。”evidence后为同位语从句，表示evidence的具体内容，因为从句中不缺少句子成分，所以由that引导，答案：D。
基础演练
1. _______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
2. ---It’s thirty years since we last met.
---But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. What
4. ---Could you do me a favor?
---It depends on _______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
5. Doris' success lies in the fact _______ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
6. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
7. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
8. ---Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else _______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
9. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
10. Danny left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
Keys:
1---5 ABDC B 6---10ABBB B
巩固提高
1. Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
2. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
3. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
4. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
5. We haven’t settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
6. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
7. There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
8. Please remind me _______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
9. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _______we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
10. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
Keys:
1---5 CCABC 6---10 CABBB
1. _______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
2. I just wonder _______ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
3. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
6. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _______ it had been in the morning.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
7. I’d like to work with _______ is honest and easy to get on with.
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who
8. When you are reading, make a note of _______ you think is of great importance.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
9. ---Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
---It all depends on _______ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
10. It is the third time ___late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
11. It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. in which D. when
12. Is it in that factory _____”Red Flag” cars are made?
A. in which B. where C. that D. which
13. Is the lab ___the foreigners visited yesterday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
14. What especially impressed us was the way ____our teacher studied foreign language.
A / B which C by which D what
15. Mr. Green is an Australian, ________ I know from his accent.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
Keys:
1---5 DDDBC 6---10 CBCCC 11---15ACDAC
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
阅读
C
Four Simple Keys to Transform Your Life
The Power of Choice. Every one of us makes countless choices every day. Every choice we make has an impact on our lives. Even insignificant choices can affect what we experience and how we feel. When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious snack, or we can choose the sugar high of junk food. The more important the decision, the greater its effect. For instance, how do I act towards that person who treated me badly? Do I generally choose to be passive, or do I actively set clear intentions and create what I want in my life? Every choice we make, however big or small, affects us in some way.
How Do You Make Choices? If you are interested in living a richer, fuller life, there is a foundation upon which you can base all of your decisions which can make life better not only for you, but also for those around you. This foundation is to choose based on what's best for all. Imagine a world where every parent, spouse（配偶）, friend, teacher, businessperson, and politician truly did their best to choose what's best for all involved in every decision they made We would certainly live in a more caring, supportive world.
It's the Intention." But how do I know what is really best?" you might ask. The answer is simple. It doesn't matter. What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice. What matters is that whatever decision you make, you are clear in your intention of choosing based on what's best for all. If it later turns out that you made what appears to have been a bad choice, there's no need for guilt. Knowing that you did your best to choose with a sincere desire for what's best for all, your conscience stays clear and open. This then allows you to more easily learn from your mistakes, and to live with a clear heart and mind.
What's Best for Me, Too! Choosing what's best does not mean you have to always sacrifice yourself for others. An overly(过度的) exhausted mother can lose her temper easily. Some time off for this mother might seem selfish, yet in the long run, it can help her to be a better mother to her children. So as we move through each day of our lives, let us remember to include ourselves as we do our best to choose what's best for all.
1. Which of the following is FALSE?
A. Whenever hunger strikes, we will reach for a junk snack.
B. Every choice, however big or small, has an influence on us.
C. Even small choices affect how we feel.
D. We make choices every day.
2. How should we make choices?
A .To be interested in a richer, fuller life.
B. To make life better for ourselves.
C. To imagine a world where everyone did their best.
D. To choose based on what's best for all.
3. Why does the author say, "What matters is not the choice you make, but rather the intention behind your choice"?
A. Because the choice you make is not important.
B. Because you may have made a bad choice.
C. Because this allows you to stay clear and improve.
D. Because there is no need for guilt.
4. How to choose what is best for us?
A. We need to devote all our life to others.
B. We need to put away some time for ourselves.
C. We need to sacrifice ourselves for others.
D. We need to be selfless every minute.
D
In October on the east coast of Australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes, but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. Then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or “footprint” on the surface to show where they had been.
One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon was deserted. There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max's new, highly sensitive hydrophone(水中听音器)and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the singing of whales.
It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding(养育)grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.
It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune(曲调)and quickly adopt any new songs they hear.
5. Which finding about whales is beyond the writer's expectation?
A. The little puffs. B. The songs of whales.
C. The traveling speed of whales. D. The depth of the whale's dive.
6. What do we know about Max?
A. He likes whales very much. B. He is a brave scientist on whales.
C. He is an experienced man in finding whales. D. He is an expert in making hydrophones.
7. The writer's main purpose of looking for whales is______.
A. carrying out research on whales B. studying the beautiful songs of whales
C. making films about whales D. hunting whales for research
二、书面表达
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象 向中学生征文 ，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：
主要原因：1.考试太多、偏难；2. 不用功、懒惰；3.取悦父母。
个人看法：1.作弊不对，违反校规；2.要诚实；努力学习。3.其他看法。
注意：1．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2．短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
3．词数：100左右。 参考词汇：作弊cheat (v.)
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
三、七选五
How to Turn Your Child into a Lifelong Bookworm
Literacy is one of the most important skills we will ever develop over our lifetimes. Most small children love books, looking at the pictures and hearing the story, but as they get older they often move away from books. 1
Join the library
Libraries have changed a lot in recent years. 2 Take your child regularly and encourage them to take out books on whatever subject interests them.
Not just novels
Many parents think that reading counts if the child is reading a work of fiction or a novel. 3 Non-fiction books are particularly attractive to boys. Kids especially love the sorts of books which allow them to make a decision between various paths and choose their own endings.
Set an example
If your child never sees you reading, they aren’t going to pick up a book either. 4 Having plenty of books around the house makes reading more accessible and the normal thing to do when bored. If you struggle with reading and literacy, do something about it by going back to college or attending a special adult literacy course.
Make their own books
If your child dislikes reading, think about encouraging them to start writing their own stories and novels. Buy them a special notebook. Allow them to write whatever captures their imagination, and don’t worry too much about messy handwriting or poor spelling. 5
A. So how do you keep your kids interested in books?
B.As long as a child is reading, it doesn’t matter what they are reading.
C. Libraries will have a great range of books for children.
D. There are newspapers printed especially for children.
E. Reading and writing are often thought of as two separate issues.
F. The idea is to cause an interest in books, reading and fiction, and the rest will develop over time.
G.Next time pick up a newspaper or a book and encourage your child to sit with you and read too.
Keys:
阅读理解
1---7 ADCBB CC
二、书面表达
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don't work hard at our lessons. So when taking examinations, some students sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What's more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
三、七选五ACBGF
Unit5Canada—“The True North”词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。
重点短语
1.rather than 与其；不愿；而不是
2. manage to do设法做成
3. have a gift for对……有天赋
4. all the way 一直
5. as far as 远到；直到
6. go through穿过；检查；经历
7. settle down定居；平静；专心于
8. catch sight of看见；瞥见
9. in the distance在远处
10. at dawn在黎明；在拂晓
11.go downtown去商业区
二、词义辨析
1. aboard(prep.)&(adv.)在船（飞机、车等）上，上船（飞机、车等）
board(n.)木板；委员会；伙食
(vt.)上船（车、飞机等）；搭伙，寄宿
abroad(adv.)在国外
broad(adj.)宽阔的，广泛的
2. surroundings指自然环境，从周围事物这一客体着眼。注意：常用复数
environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德以及观念的影响着眼
circumstance指某事或动作发生时的“情况”
3. scene指展现在眼前的风景、景色、景象或人为的环境，不限于自然风景，也常指（戏剧、电影、小说等的）场景、布景
scenery指一个地方的整体自然景观，也可指舞台的布景，为不可数名词
view系常用词，指从远处或高处看到的风景
三、要点梳理
1. until/till 直到…为止
until常与否定句连用, not…until 直到……才
not until…在句首, 主句用倒装
用于强调句It is not until… that…
2.would rather do…than do宁可……而不……
not.. but rather不是……而是
would rather do…宁愿做……
would rather+从句，从句用虚拟语气，一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，过去完成时表示过去的愿望
prefer to do rather than do宁愿做……，而不愿做……
3. scenery(n.)风景；景色；[戏]舞台布景
为不可数名词，为不可数名词，通常指户外一个地区整个的自然“景色”，而不是个别的局部的风景，它也指“舞台（全堂的）布景”。
4. surround(vt. )包围；围绕
surrounding(adj.)周围的（仅用于名词前）
surroundings(n.)环境；周围的事物
surround oneself with sb.喜欢结交某类人
be surrounded by/with被……包围/环绕
5. measure(v.)测量；衡量；判定(n.)计量制；计量单位；措施
measure sb./sth.by sth.用……来衡量
take measures /steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事
make sth.to one’s own measure照某人的尺寸做某物
a made-to-measure suit一套定做的服装
6. aboard (prep.)&(adv.)在（船、飞机、火车或公共汽车等）上；上（船、飞机、火车等）
All board!（口）请上船（车、飞机等）！
go aboard上船（车、飞机等）
on board在（船、车或飞机）上
7. settle down定居；安静下来；专心于
settled(adj.)稳定的；舒适自在的；习惯的
settlement(n.)协议；殖民
settler(n.)移民；殖民者
set down to do sth.开始认真做某事
settle on sth.决定/同意某事
settle a quarrel /an argument解决争吵/争论
settle into sth.（使）适应（新的家、工作、环境）；（迁入新居、更换工作后）安顿下来
8. manage(v.)完成；应付（困难局面）；明智地使用（金钱、时间、信息等）；管理，负责（公司、组织等）
设法做成某事，努力完成某事
manage to do sth.设法做成某事，努力完成某事
manage without在没有下应付过去
manage it完成这件事
9. catch sight of看见；瞥见
lose one’s sight失明
lose sight of再也看不见
come into sight 进入视野
out of sight, out of mind眼不见，心不烦
at first sight乍一看
10.within(prep.)在……之内
within easy reach of离……很近
within… meters/kilometers of someplace离某地……米/公里范围内
within limits有一定限制；在某种程度上
11.confirm(vt.)证实；证明；批准（职位、协议等）
confirm that…证实，证明……
It has been confirmed that…已经确认……
be confirmed as…被批准担任……
12.distance(n.)距离；远方
distant(adj.)遥远的
in the distance在远处
within walking/ driving distance 走路/开车去就可以
at a distance of 5 meters相隔5米远
keep sb.at a distance不与某人太亲近
13. over(prep.)在……期间；在……的上方（但未触及）；覆盖在……上面；遍及；穿越
(adv.)穿过；结束
all over 到处，各处，遍及
over dinner吃饭期间
14. as far as远至；直到；达到……程度
as far as the eye can see在肉眼看得见的范围的
as far as sb.is concerned就某人而言
as far as sth.is concerned就某事而论
as far asI know据我所知
as far asI can see在我看来
as far as I can remember据我所能记得的
as far as it goes在一定程度上
so far, so good到目前为止，一切还算顺利
15. impress(v.)使印象深刻；使铭记
impression(n.)印象
impressive(adj.)给人印象深刻的；引人注目的
be impressed by给……留下印象
be impressed with被……打动
impress sth.on/upon sb.使意识到（重要性或严重性）
impress sb.with sth.以……打动
What impresses sb.most is that给某人印象最深刻的是……
have/leave/makea big/deep/strong impression on sb.给某人留下巨大的/深刻的/强大的印象
1.（2014河南中原名校摸底）To fully understand the writer, we must read not only between the lines, but also_______ the lines to know what is implied in the article.
A. beyond B. within C. among D. beside
2.(2014浙江)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying______ expression.
A. from B. over C. with D. for
3.(2014浙江)Facing up to your problems______ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
A. more than B. rather than C. along with D. or rather
4.(2014福建)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ______concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of
5.(2014江苏)The lecture______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
基础演练
根据汉语或首字母提示用本部分所学的单词填空
1. I prefer the peaceful country life to the busy u______ life.
2. He is famous for m______ Chinese traditional music with Western forms.
3.Many people want to have a g _______ for making money.
4. I went out and wandered______（向东）
5.This problem is ______（稍稍）difficult, but I can work it out easily.
6.The two governments have settled their dispute over their common______（边界）.
7.The essay isn’t even remotely relevant to the ______（话题）.
8.We are going to spend a weekend on the African_____（大陆）.
9.The ______（大臣）has indicated that he may resign next year.
10.It’s about time we got together for a______（交谈）.
巩固提高
根据汉语提示完成句子
1. She is a career woman________（而不是）a housewife.
2. He can speak five languages fluently. He does ________（对……有天赋）
3. He was very worried and found it hard to________（平静下来）.
4. I ________（看见） him in the crowed.
5. He_________（设法）finish his work on time.
6.We should ________（采取措施）to preserve the environment from pollution.
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Canada is a ______(mix) of many cultures and races.
2. The students will be______ (quiz) on Chapter 6 tomorrow.
3. Though we left home very late, we managed _______ (catch) the last bus.
4. This book is _______(slight) better than that one, but not much.
5. He was busy writing a letter rather than _______(read) the newspaper.
6. We should take effective_______ (measure) to reduce crime in the area.
7. Most parents like to bring up their children in healthy_______ (surround)
8. All the factors _______ (consider),the planned trip will have to be called off.
9. You get a surprising gift for _______ (see) through people’s minds.
10. We’d rather he_______ (pay) us the money tomorrow.
二、句型转换
1. They made up their minds to go towards the north.
They made up their minds to go_______.
2. Rather than ride to the downtown, they preferred to go there on foot.
They_______ _______ go there on foot _______ ride to the downtown.
3. Vancouver which is surrounded by mountains on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west is the most beautiful city in Canada.
Vancouver_______ _______mountains on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west is the most beautiful city in Canada.
4. I saw her for a moment but then I lost sight of her.
I saw her for a moment but then she was______________ _______.
5. As there were no buses, we had to go home on foot.
_______ _______ no buses, we had to go home on foot.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. --- Alice, would you like_________ a movie with us tonight?
--- Sorry, but I don’t fancy ________ out today.
A. seeing, going B. to see, going C. to see, to go D. seeing, to go Steven
2. Spielberg, _____ mother was a musical teacher, was born in 1964 in a small town in America.
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
3.I think the writer _______ wrote the book is very creative.
A. which B. who C. when D. where
4.I’ve never read a better book than this one. ___________, it is the best one that I have ever read.
A. Since then B. In other words C. At times D. In some ways
5.--- Mary, what are you up this weekend?
--- Not sure. Tom just suggested that we _______ camping if it is sunny.
A. won’t go B. wouldn’t go C. should go D. not go
6.I was born _______ 22 October 1983. My little brother was born ____ 1987.
A. in; in B. on; in C. in; on D. on; on
7. The teacher spoke slowly ________ the students might take notes.
A. while B. since C. even though D. so that
8. They talked for about an hour of things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
9. I used to live near the People’s Park ________is the center of town.
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
10.They looked very excited ________they had won the football game.
A. even though B. even if C. though D. as if
二、完形填空
Today we spent the morning going through our personal belongings. We were looking for items to 1 for free, at a local park. Not just any items but things people really needed. We came up with blankets, soaps, food, and clothing. Our 2was not to find things we no longer wanted, but things we use every day that would be 3 to others.
We made up4 with the things we believed would be useful and added some small toys.5 the boxes a simple letter was placed. It6:
“Please take these7 and know that your life is important. Times are8but these days will pass. We9what we have, believing that it will matter. Use the food to nurture(养护) your body; use the10to stay warm. Be sure to know that the human spirit can overcome anything. Do not 11 your head down for having a need to stay warm. Someday please do the same when you can. How you do it, where and when, your 12will tell you.”
This 13act was simply because it was the right thing to do. We have often seen homeless people at the park where we left the belongings. I noticed that my 14 had put her favorite green coat into one of the boxes. I 15if she was sure about it and she simply replied that it had a hood (兜帽). She 16 the coat but knew the hood could 17 someone from the rain.
Who knows where these gifts of 18 will go? We never go back and see what happens. It’s 19. The right things will find the right people and that is all that 20.
1. A. give away B. bring in C. deal with D. put up
2. A. order B. aim C. method D. responsibility
3. A. peaceful B. powerful C. useful D. harmful
4. A. bags B. chairs C. cars D. boxes
5. A. Beside B. Above C. Under D. Inside
6. A. wrote B. read C. noticed D. indicated
7. A. products B. clothes C. items D. foods
8. A. difficult B. short C. great D. precious
9. A. sell B. share C. store D. hide
10. A. blankets B. soaps C. toys D. stoves
11. A. turn B. hit C. hold D. look
12. A. parents B. friends C. position D. heart
13. A. kind B. secret C. hopeful D. suitable
14. A. mother B. wife C. daughter D. sister
15. A. rang B. doubted C. asked D. blamed
16. A. kept B. folded C. made D. liked
17. A. protect B. promote C. find D. stop
18. A. reflection B. passion C. honesty D. sympathy
19. A. impossible B. selfish C. unimportant D. dishonest
20. A. obeys B. ends C. admits D. counts
Unit5Canada—“The True North”词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。
重点短语
1.rather than 与其；不愿；而不是
2. manage to do设法做成
3. have a gift for对……有天赋
4. all the way 一直
5. as far as 远到；直到
6. go through穿过；检查；经历
7. settle down定居；平静；专心于
8. catch sight of看见；瞥见
9. in the distance在远处
10. at dawn在黎明；在拂晓
11.go downtown去商业区
二、词义辨析
1. aboard(prep.)&(adv.)在船（飞机、车等）上，上船（飞机、车等）
board(n.)木板；委员会；伙食
(vt.)上船（车、飞机等）；搭伙，寄宿
abroad(adv.)在国外
broad(adj.)宽阔的，广泛的
2. surroundings指自然环境，从周围事物这一客体着眼。注意：常用复数
environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德以及观念的影响着眼
circumstance指某事或动作发生时的“情况”
3. scene指展现在眼前的风景、景色、景象或人为的环境，不限于自然风景，也常指（戏剧、电影、小说等的）场景、布景
scenery指一个地方的整体自然景观，也可指舞台的布景，为不可数名词
view系常用词，指从远处或高处看到的风景
三、要点梳理
1. until/till 直到…为止
until常与否定句连用, not…until 直到……才
not until…在句首, 主句用倒装
用于强调句It is not until… that…
2.would rather do…than do宁可……而不……
not.. but rather不是……而是
would rather do…宁愿做……
would rather+从句，从句用虚拟语气，一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，过去完成时表示过去的愿望
prefer to do rather than do宁愿做……，而不愿做……
3. scenery(n.)风景；景色；[戏]舞台布景
为不可数名词，为不可数名词，通常指户外一个地区整个的自然“景色”，而不是个别的局部的风景，它也指“舞台（全堂的）布景”。
4. surround(vt. )包围；围绕
surrounding(adj.)周围的（仅用于名词前）
surroundings(n.)环境；周围的事物
surround oneself with sb.喜欢结交某类人
be surrounded by/with被……包围/环绕
5. measure(v.)测量；衡量；判定(n.)计量制；计量单位；措施
measure sb./sth.by sth.用……来衡量
take measures /steps/action to do sth.采取措施做某事
make sth.to one’s own measure照某人的尺寸做某物
a made-to-measure suit一套定做的服装
6. aboard (prep.)&(adv.)在（船、飞机、火车或公共汽车等）上；上（船、飞机、火车等）
All board!（口）请上船（车、飞机等）！
go aboard上船（车、飞机等）
on board在（船、车或飞机）上
7. settle down定居；安静下来；专心于
settled(adj.)稳定的；舒适自在的；习惯的
settlement(n.)协议；殖民
settler(n.)移民；殖民者
set down to do sth.开始认真做某事
settle on sth.决定/同意某事
settle a quarrel /an argument解决争吵/争论
settle into sth.（使）适应（新的家、工作、环境）；（迁入新居、更换工作后）安顿下来
8. manage(v.)完成；应付（困难局面）；明智地使用（金钱、时间、信息等）；管理，负责（公司、组织等）
设法做成某事，努力完成某事
manage to do sth.设法做成某事，努力完成某事
manage without在没有下应付过去
manage it完成这件事
9. catch sight of看见；瞥见
lose one’s sight失明
lose sight of再也看不见
come into sight 进入视野
out of sight, out of mind眼不见，心不烦
at first sight乍一看
10.within(prep.)在……之内
within easy reach of离……很近
within… meters/kilometers of someplace离某地……米/公里范围内
within limits有一定限制；在某种程度上
11.confirm(vt.)证实；证明；批准（职位、协议等）
confirm that…证实，证明……
It has been confirmed that…已经确认……
be confirmed as…被批准担任……
12.distance(n.)距离；远方
distant(adj.)遥远的
in the distance在远处
within walking/ driving distance 走路/开车去就可以
at a distance of 5 meters相隔5米远
keep sb.at a distance不与某人太亲近
13. over(prep.)在……期间；在……的上方（但未触及）；覆盖在……上面；遍及；穿越
(adv.)穿过；结束
all over 到处，各处，遍及
over dinner吃饭期间
14. as far as远至；直到；达到……程度
as far as the eye can see在肉眼看得见的范围的
as far as sb.is concerned就某人而言
as far as sth.is concerned就某事而论
as far asI know据我所知
as far asI can see在我看来
as far as I can remember据我所能记得的
as far as it goes在一定程度上
so far, so good到目前为止，一切还算顺利
15. impress(v.)使印象深刻；使铭记
impression(n.)印象
impressive(adj.)给人印象深刻的；引人注目的
be impressed by给……留下印象
be impressed with被……打动
impress sth.on/upon sb.使意识到（重要性或严重性）
impress sb.with sth.以……打动
What impresses sb.most is that给某人印象最深刻的是……
have/leave/makea big/deep/strong impression on sb.给某人留下巨大的/深刻的/强大的印象
1.（2014河南中原名校摸底）To fully understand the writer, we must read not only between the lines, but also_______ the lines to know what is implied in the article.
A. beyond B. within C. among D. beside
解析：根据句意“为了充分了解作者（的意思），我们不仅必须读字里行间的内容，我们还要理解文章所暗含的意思。”beyond超出(某事物)范围，超越；within 在……之内；beside在……旁边；among在……中间。这里beyond the lines意为：弦外之音。
答案：A。
2.(2014浙江)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying______ expression.
A. from B. over C. with D. for
解析：根据句意“当人们仍有许多自己的观点急于想要表达的时候，他们是不会注意你的。” cry for急于想要。根据句意可知答案。
答案：D。
3.(2014浙江)Facing up to your problems______ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
A. more than B. rather than C. along with D. or rather
解析：根据句意“面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决问题的最好办法。”more than超过，不仅仅；rather than而不是；along with与……一起；or rather确切地讲。
答案：B。
4.(2014福建)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ______concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of
解析：根据句意“作为一名草根歌手，她阅读一切她可以获得的有关音乐的东西，并且抓住每一次机会提升自己。”catch sight of看见；get hold of找到所需要的东西；take charge of 负责；make mention of提到。
答案：B。
5.(2014江苏)The lecture______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
解析：根据句意“演讲之后，紧跟着一个生动的问答环节。”本题考查独立主格结构。the lecture是give的逻辑主语，两者间为被动关系，且该动作发生在谓语动词之前，故应使用现在分词完成式的被动形式，the lecture having been given是独立主格结构，在句中作时间状语。
答案：D。
基础演练
根据汉语或首字母提示用本部分所学的单词填空
1. I prefer the peaceful country life to the busy u______ life.
2. He is famous for m______ Chinese traditional music with Western forms.
3.Many people want to have a g _______ for making money.
4. I went out and wandered______（向东）
5.This problem is ______（稍稍）difficult, but I can work it out easily.
6.The two governments have settled their dispute over their common______（边界）.
7.The essay isn’t even remotely relevant to the ______（话题）.
8.We are going to spend a weekend on the African_____（大陆）.
9.The ______（大臣）has indicated that he may resign next year.
10.It’s about time we got together for a______（交谈）.
Keys:
1. urban 2.mixing 3.gift 4.eastward 5.slightly
6. border 7.topic 8.continent 9.minister 10.chat
巩固提高
根据汉语提示完成句子
1. She is a career woman________（而不是）a housewife.
2. He can speak five languages fluently. He does ________（对……有天赋）
3. He was very worried and found it hard to________（平静下来）.
4. I ________（看见） him in the crowed.
5. He_________（设法）finish his work on time.
6.We should ________（采取措施）to preserve the environment from pollution.
Keys:
1. rather than 2. have a gift for
3. settle down 4. caught sight of
5. managed to 6.take measures
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Canada is a ______(mix) of many cultures and races.
2. The students will be______ (quiz) on Chapter 6 tomorrow.
3. Though we left home very late, we managed _______ (catch) the last bus.
4. This book is _______(slight) better than that one, but not much.
5. He was busy writing a letter rather than _______(read) the newspaper.
6. We should take effective_______ (measure) to reduce crime in the area.
7. Most parents like to bring up their children in healthy_______ (surround)
8. All the factors _______ (consider),the planned trip will have to be called off.
9. You get a surprising gift for _______ (see) through people’s minds.
10. We’d rather he_______ (pay) us the money tomorrow.
二、句型转换
1. They made up their minds to go towards the north.
They made up their minds to go_______.
2. Rather than ride to the downtown, they preferred to go there on foot.
They_______ _______ go there on foot _______ ride to the downtown.
3. Vancouver which is surrounded by mountains on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west is the most beautiful city in Canada.
Vancouver_______ _______mountainson the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west is the most beautiful city in Canada.
4. I saw her for a moment but then I lost sight of her.
I saw her for a moment but then she was______________ _______.
5. As there were no buses, we had to go home on foot.
_______ _______ no buses, we had to go home on foot.
Keys:
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. mixture 2. quizzed 3.to catch 4.slightly 5.reading
6. measures 7.surroundings 8.considered 9.seeing 10.paid
二、句型转换
1. northward
2. would rather; than
3.surrounded by
4. out of sight
5. There being
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. --- Alice, would you like_________ a movie with us tonight?
--- Sorry, but I don’t fancy ________ out today.
A. seeing, going B. to see, going C. to see, to go D. seeing, to go Steven
2. Spielberg, _____ mother was a musical teacher, was born in 1964 in a small town in America.
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom
3.I think the writer _______ wrote the book is very creative.
A. which B. who C. when D. where
4.I’ve never read a better book than this one. ___________, it is the best one that I have ever read.
A. Since then B. In other words C. At times D. In some ways
5.--- Mary, what are you up this weekend?
--- Not sure. Tom just suggested that we _______ camping if it is sunny.
A. won’t go B. wouldn’t go C. should go D. not go
6.I was born _______ 22 October 1983. My little brother was born ____ 1987.
A. in; in B. on; in C. in; on D. on; on
7. The teacher spoke slowly ________ the students might take notes.
A. while B. since C. even though D. so that
8. They talked for about an hour of things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
9. I used to live near the People’s Park ________is the center of town.
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
10.They looked very excited ________they had won the football game.
A. even though B. even if C.though D. as if
二、完形填空
Today we spent the morning going through our personal belongings. We were looking for items to 1 for free, at a local park. Not just any items but things people really needed. We came up with blankets, soaps, food, and clothing. Our 2was not to find things we no longer wanted, but things we use every day that would be 3 to others.
We made up4 with the things we believed would be useful and added some small toys.5 the boxes a simple letter was placed. It6:
“Please take these7 and know that your life is important. Times are8but these days will pass. We9what we have, believing that it will matter. Use the food to nurture(养护) your body; use the10to stay warm. Be sure to know that the human spirit can overcome anything. Do not 11 your head down for having a need to stay warm. Someday please do the same when you can. How you do it, where and when, your 12will tell you.”
This 13act was simply because it was the right thing to do. We have often seen homeless people at the park where we left the belongings. I noticed that my 14 had put her favorite green coat into one of the boxes. I 15if she was sure about it and she simply replied that it had a hood (兜帽). She 16 the coat but knew the hood could 17 someone from the rain.
Who knows where these gifts of 18 will go? We never go back and see what happens. It’s 19. The right things will find the right people and that is all that 20.
1. A. give away B. bring in C. deal with D. put up
2. A. order B. aim C. method D. responsibility
3. A. peaceful B. powerful C. useful D. harmful
4. A. bags B. chairs C. cars D. boxes
5. A. Beside B. Above C. Under D. Inside
6. A. wrote B. read C. noticed D. indicated
7. A. products B. clothes C. items D. foods
8. A. difficult B. short C. great D. precious
9. A. sell B. share C. store D. hide
10. A. blankets B. soaps C. toys D. stoves
11. A. turn B. hit C. hold D. look
12. A. parents B. friends C. position D. heart
13. A. kind B. secret C. hopeful D. suitable
14. A. mother B. wife C. daughter D. sister
15. A. rang B. doubted C. asked D. blamed
16. A. kept B. folded C. made D. liked
17. A. protect B. promote C. find D. stop
18. A. reflection B. passion C. honesty D. sympathy
19. A. impossible B. selfish C. unimportant D. dishonest
20. A. obeys B. ends C. admits D. counts
Keys:
单选
1--5 BABBC 6--10 BDBAD
二、完形填空
1--5 ABCDD 6--10 BCABA 11--15 CDABC 16--20DADCD
