Unit 1 Great scientists 词汇篇
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掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。
掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作。
【重点词汇精讲】
1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快
e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。
【词语联想】
? put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 ? put down: 放下；写下，记下
? put off: 推迟；延期 ? put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷
? put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧
2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论）
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。
【习惯用语】★ draw a conclusion 作出结论 ★come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 ★ in conclusion 最后
3. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。
◆ 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome
? defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。
? conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”, e.g. conquer nature 征服自然
? overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties 克服困难
4. attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料
① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting
② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护
e.g. The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her. 女皇有个好医生照顾她。
e.g. Dr. Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院照顾她。
e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 妈妈不得不照顾她生病的儿子。
③ attend to处理，注意倾听
e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 你能及时处理这件事吗？
e.g. I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend. 我可能会迟到。——我有些事要处理。
5. expose
①暴露 ? expose sb./sth. to sth. ? He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
②揭露 ? He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。? The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。
6. blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任
①blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人 / 责备某人做了某事
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.
② blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人
The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.
③ be to blame for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
④ accept / bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.
⑤ put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, what’s more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我额外付了100元。
e.g. In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 除了英语，他不得不学第二语言。
◆ 区别: in addition to, except, besides, beside, apart from
? in addition to：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。
e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。
? except: 除…之外，表示在整体中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬.
? besides 表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与in addition to 同义，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。
? beside : 在…旁边。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。
? apart from有两种含义：
1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”
e.g. Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.
除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。
2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”
e.g. I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。
★ 同义句转换
1）He speaks French as well as English. = He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job. = In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.
8. absorb vt.
★专注，聚精会神
e.g. be absorbed in＝put one’s heart into集中精力做某事
e.g. I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。
e.g. Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
★ 吸收，把……吸收入（absorb...into...）
e.g. Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。
e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。
e.g. The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。
【重点句子精讲】
1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。
★ neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。
①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。
③Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.
＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。
★ cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正 n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法
①cure sb（of sth）治好了某人（的...,...)
e.g. The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。
e.g. When I left the hospital I was completely cured.
e.g. That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever.那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。e.g. This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治.
②a cure for sth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境
e.g. Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?
e.g. The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
(1)本句为复合句，“So many thousands of terrified people died” 为主句，every time引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。
(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time, each time, the last time, next time, the moment, the minute, immediately, instantly等。
①Every time/Each time I express an opinion, she argues back.每当我发表意见时, 她总是反驳。
②I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。
③The last time I saw him, he was quite well.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。
④Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。
[拓展延伸]
(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。
(2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.
(3)It’s (high) time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。
e.g. It’s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。
3. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。
★ announce vt.
(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)
? announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事? announce that...宣布……；通知…… ? It is announced that...据宣布…
e.g. Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。
e.g. It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。
(2) (事情)显示……；预告
e.g. The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。
[拓展延伸] announcement n.宣布；口头通知 announcer n.播音员
make an announcement下通知
1. An interesting suggestion on how to measure the temperature on the moon has been______.
（2014.湖北宜昌高二联考）
A. put forward B. put down C. put away D. put off
2. They have discussed the plan for a long time, but they haven’t ________ a conclusion.
A. arrived B. come C. drawn D. reached to
3. But he became ________ when he thought about helping ordinary people ________ to cholera.
A. inspired；exposing B. inspired；exposed
C. inspiring；exposing D. inspiring；exposed
4. He put forward his suggestion at the meeting that every means_____ to save the crops before the storm came.
（2014河北唐山一中高二上期中）
A. was tried B. should try C. be tried D. tried
5. According?to?the?driver’s?explanation,?it?was?not?his?carelessness?but?the?bad?road?conditions?
that?______?for?the?accident.??
（2014.云南玉溪一中高二上学期中）
基础演练
一、单词拼写
1.Everyone should ________(贡献) what he or she can afford to helping the poor.
2.He always has a ________(积极的) attitude when correcting students’ mistakes.
3.If we were too ________(小心的)，we might lose a good business opportunity.
4.The new school is under ________(建设).
5.He ________(拒绝) all the suggestions his parents put forward.
6.My friend was very ________(热情的) and he was always ready to help me.
7.The ice skater was ________(旋转) faster and faster.
8.Who should be ________(负责的) for the accident?
9.I had a broken leg, so ________(活动，移动) was quite impossible.
10.I lost my balance and fell ________(向后地).
二、单项填空
1. It is her outgoing personality attracts me most.
（北京市西城区2014-2015学年高二上学期期末）
A. that B. which C. how D. what
2. Tom sounds very much ________ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly
3. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ________ the problem.
A. handle B. raise C. face D. present
4.—The lights were left on all night long.
—Yes. It seemed that Zhang Peng is ________. He was the last who left the classroom yesterday evening.
A. blaming B. blamed C. to blame D. to be blamed
5. It’s?so?nice?to?hear?from?her?again. , we?last?met?more?than?thirty?years?ago.
(2014年北京高考)
A.?What’s?more??????????B.?That’s?to?say? C.?In?other?words?????????????????D.?Believe?it?or?not?
6. To our surprise, the man, who was looked down upon by others in the past, is now ________ the whole project.
A. beyond control B. in control of C. out of control D. losing control of
7. Her pale face suggested that she ________ ill. Her parents suggested that she ________ to see a doctor.
A. be；go B. be；went C. was；go D. was；went
8. Out he rushed ________ he heard the bell ringing.
A. soon B. quickly C. shortly D. immediately
9. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go
C. went Mum D. Mum went
10. ________ writing the article, Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner.
A. Absorbed in B. Absorbing at
C. Having absorbed by D. To absorb in
巩固提高
A shepherd was herding(放牧) his sheep when suddenly a brand?new sports car came out of a dust cloud towards him.The___1__was a young man in a new designer suit, designer___2__, designer sunglasses and a designer tie.He___3__out the window and asked the shepherd, “If I tell you__4__ how many sheep you have here, will you give me one？”
The shepherd__5__the man, then his peaceful sheep and___6__answered, “Sure, why not？”
The young man__7__his car, took out his__8__, connected it to his mobile phone, surfed to a page on the Internet where he called up a satellite navigation system(卫星导航系统).__9__, he printed out a full?color,150?page report on his hi?tech__10__, he turned to the shepherd and said, “You have exactly 1,586 sheep.”
“That’s right.” said the shepherd, “I guess you can__11__ one of my sheep.”
The shepherd then said to the young man, “Hey, if I can__12__you exactly what your__13__ is, will you give me back my sheep？” The young man thought about it for a (an)__14__and then said, “Okay, __15__？”
“You are a consultant (顾问), ” said the shepherd.
“Wow! That’s__16__.” said the young man, “But how did you__17__that？”
“No guessing required.” answered the shepherd.“You showed up here__18__nobody called you. You want to get__19__for an answer that I already knew, to a question I__20__asked and it’s obvious you don’t know a thing about my business...Now give me back my sheep.”
1. A. cyclist B. driver C. teacher D. pilot
2. A. clothes B. trousers C. socks D. shoes
3. A. leaned B. took C. put D. looked
4. A. exactly B. generally C. quickly D. similarly
5. A. turned to B. stared at C. looked at D. pointed to
6. A. stilly B. quietly C. angrily D. calmly
7. A. moved B. turned C. parked D.ran
8. A. counter B. computer C. book D. pencil
9. A. Finally B. However C. Even D. Therefore
10. A.car B. Internet C. printer D. phone
11. A. bring B. fetch C. take D. carry
12. A. know B. guess C. tell D. look
13. A. business B. car C. computer D. matter
14. A. hour B. day C. minute D. second
15. A. for what B. why not C. why D. if not
16. A. all right B. all C. correct D. so
17. A. get B. guess C. work D. have
18. A. as though B. even so C. if so D. even though
19. A. paid B. praised C. done D. called
20. A. often B. constantly C. sometimes D. never
一、同义词辨析
1. 用defeat, beat或win的适当形式填空。
(1) We ________________ them at football match yesterday.
(2) In that battle, our soldiers ________ the enemy.
(3) We ________ the football game yesterday.
(4) Mary ________ the first prize for swimming.
2. 用join, join in, take part in或attend的适当形式填空。
(1) Please ________ us ________ playing basketball.
(2) He ________ the army at the age of 18.
(3) I first just watched the game, and then was invited to ________________.
(4) She is sure to ________ the wedding.
(5) The old man ________________ the students’ movements when he was young.
3.用announce或declare的适当形式填空。
(1) They ________ that she would give one extra song.
(2) The results of the election will be ________ soon.
(3) The use of certain chemicals has now been ______ illegal.
答案：
1.(1) defeated/beat (2) defeated (3) won (4) won
2.(1) join；in (2) joined (3) join in (4) attend (5) took part in
3.(1) announced (2) declared (3) declared
二、佳句翻译与仿写
1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
翻译：______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ ____
仿写：他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。
________________________________________________________________________
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
翻译：_________________________________________________________ __________
_________________________________________________________________ _______
仿写：我每次去北京都会去参观长城。
_________________________________________________________________ _______
_________________________________________________________________ _______
3. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
翻译：______________________________________________________________ ______
仿写：我亲眼所见后才会相信他的话。
_______________________________________________________________ ____ _____
___________________________________________________________________ _____
4. It seemed that the water was to blame.
翻译 _________________________________________________________________ ___
仿写：好像那次交通事故应该怪司机。
______________________________________________________________________ __
__________________________________________________________________ ______
5. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ ______
仿写：我建议他改天再来。
_______________________________________________________________ _________
________________________________________________________________ ________
答案：
1. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting.
每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死亡。
Every time I went to Beijing, I would visit the Great Wall.
他知道，直到找到病源，霍乱才能控制住。
I will never believe him until I see with my own eyes.
看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。
It seemed that the driver was to blame for the traffic accident.
为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。
I suggested (that) he (should) come another day.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922.He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the “building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear?Test?Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.
1. From the first Paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling________.
A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
C. was once badly treated in Washington High School
D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?
A. The “behavior” of molecules.
B. Physical chemistry.
C. Biological chemistry.
D. The human body.
3. Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear?Test?Ban Treaty?
A. The use of nuclear weapons.
B. Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.
C. Testing hydrogen bomb on underground.
D. The production of hydrogen bombs.
4. The main idea of the passage is to show________.
A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
D. Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace
答案：1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B
Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than only a few other great scientists have achieved. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity(识别) of time and space and so on—but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
By 1914 young Einstein had been world?famous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War Ⅰ.
Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
In the year following World War Ⅰ’ honors were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble(谦逊的) manner. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.
In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism(纳粹) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is ________.
A. the difficulty of Einstein’s thought to others
B. the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein
C. the difference between science and history
D. the change in human thought produced by Einstein
2. It seems to the American university president that ________.
A. Einstein achieved more than any other scientist in history
B. everybody understands Einstein’s scientific ideas
C. the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyone
D. our ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein
3. Einstein did his greatest work ________.
A. when Nazism rose
B. when he was young
C. during World War Ⅰ
D. after he left Europe
4. From the passage we can know that ________.
A. Germans usually have a high respect for science
B. Einstein had other interests besides science
C. Einstein was forced to work again in 1918
D. Einstein led a quiet life during World War Ⅰ
答案：1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A
Unit 1 Great scientists 词汇篇
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掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。
掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作。
【重点词汇精讲】
1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快
e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。
【词语联想】
? put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 ? put down: 放下；写下，记下
? put off: 推迟；延期 ? put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷
? put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧
2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论）
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。
【习惯用语】★ draw a conclusion 作出结论 ★come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 ★ in conclusion 最后
3. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。
◆ 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome
? defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。
? conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”, e.g. conquer nature 征服自然
? overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties 克服困难
4. attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料
① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting
② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护
e.g. The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her. 女皇有个好医生照顾她。
e.g. Dr. Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院照顾她。
e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 妈妈不得不照顾她生病的儿子。
③ attend to处理，注意倾听
e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 你能及时处理这件事吗？
e.g. I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend. 我可能会迟到。——我有些事要处理。
5. expose
①暴露 ? expose sb./sth. to sth. ? He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
②揭露 ? He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。? The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。
6. blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任
①blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人 / 责备某人做了某事
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.
② blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人
The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.
③ be to blame for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
④ accept / bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.
⑤ put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, what’s more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我额外付了100元。
e.g. In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 除了英语，他不得不学第二语言。
◆ 区别: in addition to, except, besides, beside, apart from
? in addition to：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。
e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。
? except: 除…之外，表示在整体中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬.
? besides 表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与in addition to 同义，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。
? beside : 在…旁边。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。
? apart from有两种含义：
1）相当于besides.意为“除……以外（还包括）”
e.g. Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.
除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。
2）相当于except.意为“除……以外（不包括）”
e.g. I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。
★ 同义句转换
1）He speaks French as well as English. = He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job. = In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.
8. absorb vt.
★专注，聚精会神
e.g. be absorbed in＝put one’s heart into集中精力做某事
e.g. I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。
e.g. Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
★ 吸收，把……吸收入（absorb...into...）
e.g. Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。
e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。
e.g. The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。
【重点句子精讲】
1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。
★ neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。
①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。
③Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.
＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。
★ cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正 n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法
①cure sb（of sth）治好了某人（的...,...)
e.g. The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。
e.g. When I left the hospital I was completely cured.
e.g. That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever.那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。e.g. This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治.
②a cure for sth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境
e.g. Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?
e.g. The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
(1)本句为复合句，“So many thousands of terrified people died” 为主句，every time引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。
(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time, each time, the last time, next time, the moment, the minute, immediately, instantly等。
①Every time/Each time I express an opinion, she argues back.每当我发表意见时, 她总是反驳。
②I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。
③The last time I saw him, he was quite well.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。
④Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。
[拓展延伸]
(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。
(2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.
(3)It’s (high) time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。
e.g. It’s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。
3. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。
★ announce vt.
(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)
? announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事? announce that...宣布……；通知…… ? It is announced that...据宣布…
e.g. Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。
e.g. It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。
(2) (事情)显示……；预告
e.g. The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。
[拓展延伸] announcement n.宣布；口头通知 announcer n.播音员
make an announcement下通知
1. An interesting suggestion on how to measure the temperature on the moon has been______.
（2014.湖北宜昌高二联考）
A. put forward B. put down C. put away D. put off
解析：put forward提出(意见、方案等)，符合题意。put down放下，记下，镇压；put away把……收拾放好；put off推迟，关上(电灯、电器等)。
答案：A
2. They have discussed the plan for a long time, but they haven’t ________ a conclusion.
A. arrived B. come C. drawn D. reached to
解析：arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion“得出结论”。
答案：C
3. But he became ________ when he thought about helping ordinary people ________ to cholera.
A. inspired；exposing B. inspired；exposed
C. inspiring；exposing D. inspiring；exposed
解析：inspired“受到鼓舞的”，常用于修饰人，inspiring“鼓舞人心的，令人振奋的”，常用于修饰物；排除C、D两项。第二空用过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动。
答案：B
4. He put forward his suggestion at the meeting that every means_____ to save the crops before the storm came.
（2014河北唐山一中高二上期中）
A. was tried B. should try C. be tried D. tried
解析：句意：他在会议上提出建议，要在暴风雨来临之前尝试各种方法保护庄稼主从复合句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容。此时同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用（should）+动词原形形式。从句主语means与谓语try为被动关系，故应使用被动语态。
答案：C
5. According?to?the?driver’s?explanation,?it?was?not?his?carelessness?but?the?bad?road?conditions?
that?______?for?the?accident.??
（2014.云南玉溪一中高二上学期中）
A.?was?to?blame???B.?was?to?be?blamed???C.?were?to?be?blamed???D.?were?to?blame??
解析：be to blame for表示：因……而备受责备，是固定结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。
答案：D
基础演练
一、单词拼写
1.Everyone should ________(贡献) what he or she can afford to helping the poor.
2.He always has a ________(积极的) attitude when correcting students’ mistakes.
3.If we were too ________(小心的)，we might lose a good business opportunity.
4.The new school is under ________(建设).
5.He ________(拒绝) all the suggestions his parents put forward.
6.My friend was very ________(热情的) and he was always ready to help me.
7.The ice skater was ________(旋转) faster and faster.
8.Who should be ________(负责的) for the accident?
9.I had a broken leg, so ________(活动，移动) was quite impossible.
10.I lost my balance and fell ________(向后地).
答案：
1.conclude 2.attended 3.suspected 4.polluted 5.link 6.instruct 7.absorb 8.severe 9.challenge 10.foresee
二、单项填空
1. It is her outgoing personality attracts me most.
（北京市西城区2014-2015学年高二上学期期末）
A. that B. which C. how D. what
2. Tom sounds very much ________ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly
3. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ________ the problem.
A. handle B. raise C. face D. present
4.—The lights were left on all night long.
—Yes. It seemed that Zhang Peng is ________. He was the last who left the classroom yesterday evening.
A. blaming B. blamed C. to blame D. to be blamed
5. It’s?so?nice?to?hear?from?her?again. , we?last?met?more?than?thirty?years?ago.
(2014年北京高考)
A.?What’s?more??????????B.?That’s?to?say? C.?In?other?words?????????????????D.?Believe?it?or?not?
6. To our surprise, the man, who was looked down upon by others in the past, is now ________ the whole project.
A. beyond control B. in control of C. out of control D. losing control of
7. Her pale face suggested that she ________ ill. Her parents suggested that she ________ to see a doctor.
A. be；go B. be；went C. was；go D. was；went
8. Out he rushed ________ he heard the bell ringing.
A. soon B. quickly C. shortly D. immediately
9. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go
C. went Mum D. Mum went
10. ________ writing the article, Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner.
A. Absorbed in B. Absorbing at
C. Having absorbed by D. To absorb in
答案： 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A
巩固提高
A shepherd was herding(放牧) his sheep when suddenly a brand?new sports car came out of a dust cloud towards him.The___1__was a young man in a new designer suit, designer___2__, designer sunglasses and a designer tie.He___3__out the window and asked the shepherd, “If I tell you__4__ how many sheep you have here, will you give me one？”
The shepherd__5__the man, then his peaceful sheep and___6__answered, “Sure, why not？”
The young man__7__his car, took out his__8__, connected it to his mobile phone, surfed to a page on the Internet where he called up a satellite navigation system(卫星导航系统).__9__, he printed out a full?color,150?page report on his hi?tech__10__, he turned to the shepherd and said, “You have exactly 1,586 sheep.”
“That’s right.” said the shepherd, “I guess you can__11__ one of my sheep.”
The shepherd then said to the young man, “Hey, if I can__12__you exactly what your__13__ is, will you give me back my sheep？” The young man thought about it for a (an)__14__and then said, “Okay, __15__？”
“You are a consultant (顾问), ” said the shepherd.
“Wow! That’s__16__.” said the young man, “But how did you__17__that？”
“No guessing required.” answered the shepherd.“You showed up here__18__nobody called you. You want to get__19__for an answer that I already knew, to a question I__20__asked and it’s obvious you don’t know a thing about my business...Now give me back my sheep.”
1. A. cyclist B. driver C. teacher D. pilot
2. A. clothes B. trousers C. socks D. shoes
3. A. leaned B. took C. put D. looked
4. A. exactly B. generally C. quickly D. similarly
5. A. turned to B. stared at C. looked at D. pointed to
6. A. stilly B. quietly C. angrily D. calmly
7. A. moved B. turned C. parked D.ran
8. A. counter B. computer C. book D. pencil
9. A. Finally B. However C. Even D. Therefore
10. A.car B. Internet C. printer D. phone
11. A. bring B. fetch C. take D. carry
12. A. know B. guess C. tell D. look
13. A. business B. car C. computer D. matter
14. A. hour B. day C. minute D. second
15. A. for what B. why not C. why D. if not
16. A. all right B. all C. correct D. so
17. A. get B. guess C. work D. have
18. A. as though B. even so C. if so D. even though
19. A. paid B. praised C. done D. called
20. A. often B. constantly C. sometimes D. never
答案：
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D
一、同义词辨析
1. 用defeat, beat或win的适当形式填空。
(1) We ________________ them at football match yesterday.
(2) In that battle, our soldiers ________ the enemy.
(3) We ________ the football game yesterday.
(4) Mary ________ the first prize for swimming.
2. 用join, join in, take part in或attend的适当形式填空。
(1) Please ________ us ________ playing basketball.
(2) He ________ the army at the age of 18.
(3) I first just watched the game, and then was invited to ________________.
(4) She is sure to ________ the wedding.
(5) The old man ________________ the students’ movements when he was young.
3.用announce或declare的适当形式填空。
(1) They ________ that she would give one extra song.
(2) The results of the election will be ________ soon.
(3) The use of certain chemicals has now been ______ illegal.
答案：
1.(1) defeated/beat (2) defeated (3) won (4) won
2.(1) join；in (2) joined (3) join in (4) attend (5) took part in
3.(1) announced (2) declared (3) declared
二、佳句翻译与仿写
1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
翻译：______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ ____
仿写：他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。
________________________________________________________________________
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
翻译：_________________________________________________________ __________
_________________________________________________________________ _______
仿写：我每次去北京都会去参观长城。
_________________________________________________________________ _______
_________________________________________________________________ _______
3. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
翻译：______________________________________________________________ ______
仿写：我亲眼所见后才会相信他的话。
_______________________________________________________________ ____ _____
___________________________________________________________________ _____
4. It seemed that the water was to blame.
翻译 _________________________________________________________________ ___
仿写：好像那次交通事故应该怪司机。
______________________________________________________________________ __
__________________________________________________________________ ______
5. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ ______
仿写：我建议他改天再来。
_______________________________________________________________ _________
________________________________________________________________ ________
答案：
1. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting.
每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死亡。
Every time I went to Beijing, I would visit the Great Wall.
他知道，直到找到病源，霍乱才能控制住。
I will never believe him until I see with my own eyes.
看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。
It seemed that the driver was to blame for the traffic accident.
为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。
I suggested (that) he (should) come another day.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922.He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substance. His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the “building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear?Test?Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.
1. From the first Paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling________.
A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
C. was once badly treated in Washington High School
D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?
A. The “behavior” of molecules.
B. Physical chemistry.
C. Biological chemistry.
D. The human body.
3. Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear?Test?Ban Treaty?
A. The use of nuclear weapons.
B. Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.
C. Testing hydrogen bomb on underground.
D. The production of hydrogen bombs.
4. The main idea of the passage is to show________.
A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
D. Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace
答案：1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B
Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than only a few other great scientists have achieved. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity(识别) of time and space and so on—but even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
By 1914 young Einstein had been world?famous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War Ⅰ.
Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
In the year following World War Ⅰ’ honors were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble(谦逊的) manner. He often said that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived.
In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism(纳粹) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is ________.
A. the difficulty of Einstein’s thought to others
B. the feeling of an American university president towards Einstein
C. the difference between science and history
D. the change in human thought produced by Einstein
2. It seems to the American university president that ________.
A. Einstein achieved more than any other scientist in history
B. everybody understands Einstein’s scientific ideas
C. the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyone
D. our ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein
3. Einstein did his greatest work ________.
A. when Nazism rose
B. when he was young
C. during World War Ⅰ
D. after he left Europe
4. From the passage we can know that ________.
A. Germans usually have a high respect for science
B. Einstein had other interests besides science
C. Einstein was forced to work again in 1918
D. Einstein led a quiet life during World War Ⅰ
答案：1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A
Unit 1 Great scientists 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
理解过去分词做定语和表语的语法功能；
了解现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别；
能够正确使用过去分词作定语，学会作相关题目；
过去分词做定语和表语
1. 过去分词作定语
1)语法功能
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。
The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面
the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心
a lost dog丧家之犬 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody, those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
Is?there?anything?unsolved??
There?is?noting?changed?here?since?I?left?this?town.
过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholera
the book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jack
the machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year
c. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。
a risen sun已升起的太阳 the gone days 逝去的时光
fallen leaves 落叶
现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.
Have you read the book recommended by your teacher? 这是你老师推荐的书吗？
对比：
①the changing world（正在变化的）the changed world（变化了的）
②boiling water（正在沸腾的）boiled water（已经沸腾过的）
③fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）
④a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）
⑤a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人
⑥falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶
⑦a retired worker退休工人 an escaped prisoner逃犯
3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：the problem discussed yesterday; the problem being discussed
2. 过去分词做表语
1) 过去分词（短语）作表语时, 其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。
如：
①All the windows are broken.
②All hope is gone.
③He looked worried after reading the letter.
常见作表语的过去分词有： disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, gone, dressed, lost等。
注意: 过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。
如：
①My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
②My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）
1. —Where are the papers for the Smith project?
—They are in the folder ________ “S”．
（2014. 北京西城区二模）
A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. to mark
2. ________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as
3. Seeing their son playing computer games all day，the parents don’t know ________it.
A. how to do B. what to do C. how to deal with D. how to do with
4. We ________ his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
A. rejected B. accepted C. followed D. arranged
5. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________ on.
A. going B. goes C. went D. to go
基础演练
1. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
3. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers ____ by her mother.
A. buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought
5. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
6. The computer center, _____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
7. Cleaning women in big cities get _____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
8. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
10. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party.
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
11. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
12. With a lot of different problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
13. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted
14. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost
15. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointed; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by
16. I don’t know the girl ______ in the snow storm.
A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching
17. The girl _______ down by a car was dying.
A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock
18. The foreign guests, ________ by an interpreter, came out of the hall.
A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed
19. The knowledge ____ in one’s childhood will make a stronger impression on him than what he learns at any other life stage.
（2014. 杭州第一次质检）
A. acquired B. acquiring C. being acquired D having acquired
20. The children __________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.
A. to examine B. examined C. examine D. examining
巩固提高
完形填空(共20小题)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Almost all scientists failed many times before they finally succeeded. In their scientific work, they were all strict __1__ themselves. When they first __2__ their ideas, they were always rejected. __3__， they did not give up. It was their perseverance __4__ made them successful.
A __5__ theory is the result of the scientific method. Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see. First they carefully observe what they are __6__ in. To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about the way __7__ things happen and the causes and effects. Then they were __8__ in their work. Finally the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can __9__ future events.
In fact, every new thought or idea has to be __10__ to what we already knew. Great thinkers or scientists are aware of this and try to __11__ new and old ideas in __12__ many different ways as possible. Some of the greatest scientists forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they tired or did not feel __13__. They all knew that for each new idea that works, there are __14__ ten that do not.
If we want to develop our __15__， we can try using some of the __16__ strategies(策略) of the great and famous. We may not be interested in becoming scientists, but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our __17__. __18__ knows, perhaps your next thought will be a new idea that changes the world? So we should be well prepared to meet __19__ in life now and try our best to make great __20__ to our future society.
1. A. in B. on C. with D. for
2. A. put up B. put on C. put aside D. put forward
3. A. So B. Therefore C. However D. But
4. A. that B. what C. which D. whether
5. A. scientific B. certain C. sure D. expert
6. A. curious B. interested C. cautious D. characteristic
7. A. which B. in which C. where D. how
8. A. absorbed B. absorbing C. absorb D. to absorb
9. A. see B. watch C. notice D. foresee
10. A. linking B. link C. linked D. to link
11. A. construct B. expose C. analyse D. combine
12. A. as B. than C. so D. such
13. A. inspiring B. inspired C. responsible D. enthusiasm
14. A. at most B. at last C. at least D. in the least
15. A. creativity B. conclusion C. enquiry D. chart
16. A. think B. thought C. thinking D. thoughts
17. A. life B. level C. universe D. sense
18. A. Who B. What C. How D. Which
19. A. suspect B. challenges C. clue D. announcement
20. A. contributions B. contribution C. contribute D. construction
第一题：单项填空(共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her.
（2014.浙江高考）
A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed
2. The writer was so ________ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.
A. abandoned B. focused C. absorbed D. centered
3. After the stranger left, suspicion(猜疑)________ among the villagers.
A. rose B. arose C. raised D. lifted
4. Yesterday the firemen ________the ground carefully，but were not able to find any ________glass.
A. examined; breaking B. cared; broken
C. examined; broken D. cared; breaking
5. Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute to B. deal with C. attend to D. devote to
6. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
（2014.安徽高考）
A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote
7. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
8. The students were sitting in the classroom with their eyes ________ on the teachers.
A. fixing B. fixed C. were fixed D. being fixed
9. It’s a pity that the young girl drowned herself after all her hopes were________.
A. beaten B. defeated C. failed D. realized
10. A ________traffic accident happened on the highway，but the driver was not ________for the traffic accident.
A. severe；to be blamed B. severely；to be blamed
C. severe；to blame D. severely；to blame
11. ________gene, intelligence also depends on a right diet，a good education and a nice home environment.
A. In addition to B. Besides
C. Apart from D. A，B and C
12. I ________ everyone make full use of time.
A. wish B. hope C. want D. suggest
13. We walked as fast as we could, ________ to get there on time.
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. being hoped
14. Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how comfortable it was to live in our home country.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. did I realize D. had I realized
15. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ________ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
16. In 2009 many countries are going through financial crisis，________has a great effect on many walks of life.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
17. It is said that chances are high ________the Chinese Communist Party will co?operate with Kuomintang for the third time.
A. that B. as C. if D. what
18. Helen always helps her mother do the housework even though going to school ________most of her day.
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. uses up
19. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _______ to our shop for quality problems.
（2014. 重庆高考）
A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned
20. ________I met him，he was working as a secretary in a big company.
A. Since the first time B. The first time
C. For the first time D. The first time which
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. His father seems ________ (please) with his results.
2. Don’t drink ________(pollute) water，because it carries some disease.
3. Some of the people ________(invite) to the party couldn’t come.
4. There is a car ________(park) outside the house.
5. We were ________(inspire) by the ________(inspire) news.
6. Why are you looking so ________(disappoint)?
7. With his ________ (break) English, he can’t make himself understood.
8. Did you attend the meeting ________(hold) yesterday?
9. When he saw the letter, he became ________(excite).
10. The first textbook ________(write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
二、单项填空
1. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
2. In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ______abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck
C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
3. So far nobody has claimed the money ________in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
4. I’m calling to enquire about the position ________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
5. A great number of students ________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
6. Don’t use words or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
7. Mr. Smith，________of the ________speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired；boring B. tiring；bored
C. tired；bored D. tiring；boring
8. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating
C. seated D. to be seating
9. This is the problem ________so quickly last evening.
A. having been settled B. settle
C. be settled D. settled
10. I don’t know the girl ________in the storm.
A. to catch B. caught
C. catching D. to be catching
11. The little boy ________ by his father left home last night.
A. having been scolded B. to be scolded
C. scolded D. who has been scolded
12. The ________ look on his face showed that he hadn’t expected it.
A. astonished B. astonishing
C. being astonished D. having astonished
13. His ability ________in those years was praised by all of us.
A. showing B. be showing
C. shown D. was shown
14. There is a big dog ________to a fence outside the house.
A. tying B. tied C. to tie D. ties
15. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B. C.，did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing
三、借助过去分词翻译句子
1. 李明对打篮球感兴趣。
________________________________________________________________________
2. 地上有许多落叶。
________________________________________________________________________
3. 他爸爸生气时，这孩子很害怕。
________________________________________________________________________
4. 他写的这本书很好。
________________________________________________________________________
5. 在昨天的会议上讨论的问题很难解决。
________________________________________________________________________
四、阅读理解
There was a story many years ago of a school teacher—Mrs. Thompson. She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. He didn’t play well with the other children and he always needed a bath. She did not like him.
Then Mrs. Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs. Thompson was ashamed of herself. She felt even worse when，like all her other students，Teddy brought her a Christmas present too. It was his mother’s perfume(香水).
Teddy said，“Mrs. Thompson，today you smell just like my Mom used to. ”After the children left she cried for at least an hour. On that very day，she stopped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began to teach children.
Mrs. Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. The boy’s mind seemed to come alive. The more she encouraged him, the faster he improved. By the end of the sixth grade, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class.
Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy. He wrote that he had finished high school, third in his class, and that she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life. He went to college. Mrs. Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed, Theodore F. Stoddard, M.D. (医学博士).
The story didn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stoddard whispered in Mrs. Thompson’s ear, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson, for believing in me. You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference. ”
Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, you have it all wrong. You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you. ”
1. What did Mrs. Thompson do on the first day of school?
A. She made Teddy feel ashamed.
B. She asked the children to play with Teddy.
C. She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.
D. She told the class something untrue about herself.
2.What did Mrs. Thompson find out about Teddy?
A. He often told lies.
B. He was good at math.
C. He needed motherly care.
D. He enjoyed playing with others.
3. In what way did Mrs. Thompson change?
A. She taught fewer school subjects.
B. She became stricter with her students.
C. She no longer liked her job as a teacher.
D. She cared more about educating students.
4. Why did Teddy thank Mrs. Thompson at his wedding?
A. She had kept in touch with him.
B. She had given him encouragement.
C. She had sent him Christmas presents.
D. She had taught him how to judge people.
It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious(明显的)to the listeners. Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech—“I Have a Dream”, you may notice that he stumbled (结巴) over his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech?making.
People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech?making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication (交流). They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice?skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance. They are looking for a well?thought?out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
1. The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will ________.
A. be smarter than you
B. notice your mistakes
C. do better than you
D. know what you are talking about
2. You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ________.
A. your attention is on the content
B. you don’t fully understand the speech
C. you don’t know what the speaker plans to say
D. you find the way of speech?making more important
3. It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A. giving a speech is like giving a performance
B. one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad
C. listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made
D. the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. If you are careful enough, you can make a perfect speech.
B. Speech?making is a kind of performance.
C. Martin Luther King is not a good speaker.
D. Listeners are not judges and they pay more attention to the content.
五、书面表达(满分30分)
请以Madame Curie为题，写一篇100～120词的英语短文，要点如下：
1. 居里夫人是世界著名的女科学家，1867年出生于波兰(Poland)的一个教师家庭，于1934年去世。从小爱学习并希望成为科学家，16岁中学毕业，24岁赴巴黎就读于巴黎大学，生活俭朴，学习刻苦。
2. 一生致力于科学研究，于1903年和1911年两次分别荣获诺贝尔物理学奖和诺贝尔化学奖。
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Unit 1 Great scientists 语法篇
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理解过去分词做定语和表语的语法功能；
了解现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别；
能够正确使用过去分词作定语，学会作相关题目；
过去分词做定语和表语
1. 过去分词作定语
1)语法功能
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。
The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面
the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心
a lost dog丧家之犬 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody, those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
Is?there?anything?unsolved??
There?is?noting?changed?here?since?I?left?this?town.
过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholera
the book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jack
the machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year
c. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。
a risen sun已升起的太阳 the gone days 逝去的时光
fallen leaves 落叶
现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.
Have you read the book recommended by your teacher? 这是你老师推荐的书吗？
对比：
①the changing world（正在变化的）the changed world（变化了的）
②boiling water（正在沸腾的）boiled water（已经沸腾过的）
③fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）
④a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）
⑤a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人
⑥falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶
⑦a retired worker退休工人 an escaped prisoner逃犯
3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：the problem discussed yesterday; the problem being discussed
2. 过去分词做表语
1) 过去分词（短语）作表语时, 其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。
如：
①All the windows are broken.
②All hope is gone.
③He looked worried after reading the letter.
常见作表语的过去分词有： disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, gone, dressed, lost等。
注意: 过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。
如：
①My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
②My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）
1. —Where are the papers for the Smith project?
—They are in the folder ________ “S”．
（2014. 北京西城区二模）
A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. to mark
解析：句意为：——史密斯工程需要用到的那些文件放到哪里了？——它们被放在标有“S”标记的文件夹里。folder和mark之间是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词形式marked。故答案选B。
答案：B
2. ________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as
解析：句意为：尽管警察认为他最有可能，但是由于没有确切的证据，他们不能逮捕他。although“虽然，尽管”，符合题意。as long as“只要”，if only“要是……就好了”；as soon as“一……就……”。
答案：A
3. Seeing their son playing computer games all day，the parents don’t know ________it.
A. how to do B. what to do C. how to deal with D. how to do with
解析：句意为：看到他们的儿子成天玩电脑游戏，父母不知道怎么办才好。此题强调的是怎样解决问题，所以选择C。do with与what连用，故排除D项。
答案：C
4. We ________ his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
A. rejected B. accepted C. followed D. arranged
解析：由“decided to have an art club instead”可知选reject“拒绝，不接受”。
答案：A
5. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________ on.
A. going B. goes C. went D. to go
解析：从with的复合结构的用法特点来看，此处缺少非谓语动词，所以排除B、C。虽然A、D两项都可以作补语，但两者所表示的时间不同：going on表示正在进行，to go on表示将来的动作，故排除D。此处with all that noise going on作伴随状语，可知A项正确。
答案：A
基础演练
1. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
3. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers ____ by her mother.
A. buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought
5. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
6. The computer center, _____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
7. Cleaning women in big cities get _____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
8. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
10. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party.
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
11. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
12. With a lot of different problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
13. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted
14. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost
15. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointed; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by
16. I don’t know the girl ______ in the snow storm.
A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching
17. The girl _______ down by a car was dying.
A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock
18. The foreign guests, ________ by an interpreter, came out of the hall.
A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed
19. The knowledge ____ in one’s childhood will make a stronger impression on him than what he learns at any other life stage.
（2014. 杭州第一次质检）
A. acquired B. acquiring C. being acquired D having acquired
20. The children __________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.
A. to examine B. examined C. examine D. examining
答案: 1-5 ABADD 6-10 DCACA 11-15 BCCDC 16-20 BCCAB
巩固提高
完形填空(共20小题)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Almost all scientists failed many times before they finally succeeded. In their scientific work, they were all strict __1__ themselves. When they first __2__ their ideas, they were always rejected. __3__， they did not give up. It was their perseverance __4__ made them successful.
A __5__ theory is the result of the scientific method. Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see. First they carefully observe what they are __6__ in. To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about the way __7__ things happen and the causes and effects. Then they were __8__ in their work. Finally the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can __9__ future events.
In fact, every new thought or idea has to be __10__ to what we already knew. Great thinkers or scientists are aware of this and try to __11__ new and old ideas in __12__ many different ways as possible. Some of the greatest scientists forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they tired or did not feel __13__. They all knew that for each new idea that works, there are __14__ ten that do not.
If we want to develop our __15__， we can try using some of the __16__ strategies(策略) of the great and famous. We may not be interested in becoming scientists, but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our __17__. __18__ knows, perhaps your next thought will be a new idea that changes the world? So we should be well prepared to meet __19__ in life now and try our best to make great __20__ to our future society.
1. A. in B. on C. with D. for
2. A. put up B. put on C. put aside D. put forward
3. A. So B. Therefore C. However D. But
4. A. that B. what C. which D. whether
5. A. scientific B. certain C. sure D. expert
6. A. curious B. interested C. cautious D. characteristic
7. A. which B. in which C. where D. how
8. A. absorbed B. absorbing C. absorb D. to absorb
9. A. see B. watch C. notice D. foresee
10. A. linking B. link C. linked D. to link
11. A. construct B. expose C. analyse D. combine
12. A. as B. than C. so D. such
13. A. inspiring B. inspired C. responsible D. enthusiasm
14. A. at most B. at last C. at least D. in the least
15. A. creativity B. conclusion C. enquiry D. chart
16. A. think B. thought C. thinking D. thoughts
17. A. life B. level C. universe D. sense
18. A. Who B. What C. How D. Which
19. A. suspect B. challenges C. clue D. announcement
20. A. contributions B. contribution C. contribute D. construction
答案：1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. A
第一题：单项填空(共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her.
（2014.浙江高考）
A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed
2. The writer was so ________ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.
A. abandoned B. focused C. absorbed D. centered
3. After the stranger left, suspicion(猜疑)________ among the villagers.
A. rose B. arose C. raised D. lifted
4. Yesterday the firemen ________the ground carefully，but were not able to find any ________glass.
A. examined; breaking B. cared; broken
C. examined; broken D. cared; breaking
5. Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute to B. deal with C. attend to D. devote to
6. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
（2014.安徽高考）
A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote
7. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
8. The students were sitting in the classroom with their eyes ________ on the teachers.
A. fixing B. fixed C. were fixed D. being fixed
9. It’s a pity that the young girl drowned herself after all her hopes were________.
A. beaten B. defeated C. failed D. realized
10. A ________traffic accident happened on the highway，but the driver was not ________for the traffic accident.
A. severe；to be blamed B. severely；to be blamed
C. severe；to blame D. severely；to blame
11. ________gene, intelligence also depends on a right diet，a good education and a nice home environment.
A. In addition to B. Besides
C. Apart from D. A，B and C
12. I ________ everyone make full use of time.
A. wish B. hope C. want D. suggest
13. We walked as fast as we could, ________ to get there on time.
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. being hoped
14. Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how comfortable it was to live in our home country.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. did I realize D. had I realized
15. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ________ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
16. In 2009 many countries are going through financial crisis，________has a great effect on many walks of life.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
17. It is said that chances are high ________the Chinese Communist Party will co?operate with Kuomintang for the third time.
A. that B. as C. if D. what
18. Helen always helps her mother do the housework even though going to school ________most of her day.
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. uses up
19. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _______ to our shop for quality problems.
（2014. 重庆高考）
A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned
20. ________I met him，he was working as a secretary in a big company.
A. Since the first time B. The first time
C. For the first time D. The first time which
答案：1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. B
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一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. His father seems ________ (please) with his results.
2. Don’t drink ________(pollute) water，because it carries some disease.
3. Some of the people ________(invite) to the party couldn’t come.
4. There is a car ________(park) outside the house.
5. We were ________(inspire) by the ________(inspire) news.
6. Why are you looking so ________(disappoint)?
7. With his ________ (break) English, he can’t make himself understood.
8. Did you attend the meeting ________(hold) yesterday?
9. When he saw the letter, he became ________(excite).
10. The first textbook ________(write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
答案：1.pleased 2.polluted 3.invited 4.parked 5. inspired；inspiring 6.disappointed 7. broken
8. held 9.excited 10.written
二、单项填空
1. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
2. In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ______abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck
C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
3. So far nobody has claimed the money ________in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
4. I’m calling to enquire about the position ________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
5. A great number of students ________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
6. Don’t use words or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
7. Mr. Smith，________of the ________speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired；boring B. tiring；bored
C. tired；bored D. tiring；boring
8. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating
C. seated D. to be seating
9. This is the problem ________so quickly last evening.
A. having been settled B. settle
C. be settled D. settled
10. I don’t know the girl ________in the storm.
A. to catch B. caught
C. catching D. to be catching
11. The little boy ________ by his father left home last night.
A. having been scolded B. to be scolded
C. scolded D. who has been scolded
12. The ________ look on his face showed that he hadn’t expected it.
A. astonished B. astonishing
C. being astonished D. having astonished
13. His ability ________in those years was praised by all of us.
A. showing B. be showing
C. shown D. was shown
14. There is a big dog ________to a fence outside the house.
A. tying B. tied C. to tie D. ties
15. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B. C.，did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing
答案：1.C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A
三、借助过去分词翻译句子
1. 李明对打篮球感兴趣。
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2. 地上有许多落叶。
________________________________________________________________________
3. 他爸爸生气时，这孩子很害怕。
________________________________________________________________________
4. 他写的这本书很好。
________________________________________________________________________
5. 在昨天的会议上讨论的问题很难解决。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1.Li Ming is interested in playing basketball.
2.There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
3.The boy was very frightened when his father got angry.
4.This book written by him is very good.
5.The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve.
四、阅读理解
There was a story many years ago of a school teacher—Mrs. Thompson. She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. He didn’t play well with the other children and he always needed a bath. She did not like him.
Then Mrs. Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs. Thompson was ashamed of herself. She felt even worse when，like all her other students，Teddy brought her a Christmas present too. It was his mother’s perfume(香水).
Teddy said，“Mrs. Thompson，today you smell just like my Mom used to. ”After the children left she cried for at least an hour. On that very day，she stopped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began to teach children.
Mrs. Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. The boy’s mind seemed to come alive. The more she encouraged him, the faster he improved. By the end of the sixth grade, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class.
Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy. He wrote that he had finished high school, third in his class, and that she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life. He went to college. Mrs. Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed, Theodore F. Stoddard, M.D. (医学博士).
The story didn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stoddard whispered in Mrs. Thompson’s ear, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson, for believing in me. You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference. ”
Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, you have it all wrong. You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you. ”
1. What did Mrs. Thompson do on the first day of school?
A. She made Teddy feel ashamed.
B. She asked the children to play with Teddy.
C. She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.
D. She told the class something untrue about herself.
2.What did Mrs. Thompson find out about Teddy?
A. He often told lies.
B. He was good at math.
C. He needed motherly care.
D. He enjoyed playing with others.
3. In what way did Mrs. Thompson change?
A. She taught fewer school subjects.
B. She became stricter with her students.
C. She no longer liked her job as a teacher.
D. She cared more about educating students.
4. Why did Teddy thank Mrs. Thompson at his wedding?
A. She had kept in touch with him.
B. She had given him encouragement.
C. She had sent him Christmas presents.
D. She had taught him how to judge people.
答案：1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B
It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious(明显的)to the listeners. Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech—“I Have a Dream”, you may notice that he stumbled (结巴) over his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech?making.
People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech?making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication (交流). They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice?skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance. They are looking for a well?thought?out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
1. The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will ________.
A. be smarter than you
B. notice your mistakes
C. do better than you
D. know what you are talking about
2. You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ________.
A. your attention is on the content
B. you don’t fully understand the speech
C. you don’t know what the speaker plans to say
D. you find the way of speech?making more important
3. It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A. giving a speech is like giving a performance
B. one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad
C. listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made
D. the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. If you are careful enough, you can make a perfect speech.
B. Speech?making is a kind of performance.
C. Martin Luther King is not a good speaker.
D. Listeners are not judges and they pay more attention to the content.
答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
五、书面表达(满分30分)
请以Madame Curie为题，写一篇100～120词的英语短文，要点如下：
1. 居里夫人是世界著名的女科学家，1867年出生于波兰(Poland)的一个教师家庭，于1934年去世。从小爱学习并希望成为科学家，16岁中学毕业，24岁赴巴黎就读于巴黎大学，生活俭朴，学习刻苦。
2. 一生致力于科学研究，于1903年和1911年两次分别荣获诺贝尔物理学奖和诺贝尔化学奖。
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参考范文：
Madame Curie
Madame Curie was a world famous woman scientist, who was born in a teacher’s family in Poland in 1867 and died in 1934.
From her early childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. She finished middle school at the age of 16. She left for Paris and entered Paris University when she was 24. Also, she lived a very simple life and studied very hard.
Madame Curie devoted her whole life to the study of science. It was in 1903 and in 1911 that she won the Nobel Prize for physics and for chemistry. It was not easy for a woman to succeed at that time. It was even more difficult for a woman to win the Nobel Prize twice in life.
Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman.
